Chapter 1

Introduction to Physics

1.1 Understanding Physics

The word Physics comes from the Greek word
Physikos which means _______________________.
Physics helps us to answer _______ and _______?
Classical Physics

Topic
Introducti
on to
physics
Forces
and
motion
Forces
and
pressure
Heat
light

Modern Physics

Form 4
Understanding Physics, ______ & ________
quantities, _________ and scientific
investigation.
Linear motion, motion _____, _______ and
_________, effect of _______, work, energy,
power.
Pressure in ______, ________ and ________.
_______ principle, ___________ principle ________
principle
Thermal _______, specific heat _________,
specific _______ heat, ______ law.
__________ and ________ of light, total internal
___________ and ________.

1.2 understanding Base quantities and Derived

quantities
Physical quantities are quantities that can be ___________.
Base quantities are
Derived quantities are
physical quantities that
physical quantities derived
_______ be defined in terms
from the _________ of base
of other physical quantities
quantities through _________
or __________ or both.
Base
Symbol
SI Unit
Unit symbol
quantity

Derived
quantity
Area (A)
Volume (V)
Speed (v)
Acceleration (a)
Force (F)
Momentum (p)

Formula

Derived unit

Work (W)
Pressure (P)
Power (P)
Frequency (f)

Scientific notation/standard form is a way of writing

very _____ or very ______ numbers in the form of:

Where 1A<10
n is an integer
Wavelength = 0.00000051m = _______________
Speed
= 300000000ms-1 = ______________
Prefixes
Symbol
Value
Standard
Form
Tera
Giga
Mega
Kilo
Hecto
Deca
Desi
Centi
Milli
Micro
Nano
Pico

To convert unit with prefixes to unit without prefixes

_______ prefix
3kg = ______g
5nm=______m
To convert unit without prefixes to unit with prefixes
_______ prefix
5s = ______ms
8g = ______Mg
To convert unit with prefixes to unit with prefixes
_______ then ______
1000Gm = _______km
2.5pg = ________Mg
1.3 Scalar quantities and Vector quantities
A scalar quantity is a quantity which has only
______________.
A vector quantity has both _________ as well as
___________.
Scalar quantities

Vector Quantities

1.4 Understanding Measurement

A measurement is an ________ of the actual value or a
trials to determine the actual value of a particular
__________ quantity.
Consistency is the ability to record almost the ______
reading that are consistent with little or no
_____________.

 Accuracy is the ability to record a reading close to

its ______________.
A set of readings has a higher degree of accuracy
when the readings have a low ____________.
Relative error =

Sensitivity of an instrument is its ability to detect

quickly a _________ in the physical quantity measured.

 An error is the ________ between the measured value

and the actual value.
Errors in measurement can be classified into:
a. ______________
b. ______________
Systematic errors are errors that may be due to
___________ which is caused by incorrect position of
the pointer when an instrument is not in use or
___________________ of the measuring instrument.

Zero error is an error due to ________ reading when

the instrument is not in use.
It can be ________ zero error or _______ zero error.
Systematic error cant be __________ by repeating the
measurement and _______ out the result.

 Random errors are errors that may be due to the

____________ of the observer when taking a reading or
sudden and unpredictable variations in ambient
factors such as __________, ___________ and
_______________.
A parallax error is a random error due to _________
positioning of observers eyes when taking reading.
To overcome parallax error, the observers eye should
be ______ with the scale.

Random error can be ___________ by __________ the

measurement or taking the average/mean value.
___________, ______________, ________________ and
________________ can be used to measure length
Vernier callipers

Callipers Reading = Main scale reading + Vernier Scale

Reading
= _______________ + _______________
= _______________
Zero error

Micrometer Screw Gauge

Anvil and
Spindal
Ratchet

To ______ the object to be measured

To limit the ______ exerted on the measured
object

Thimble

To be rotated to ________ anvil and spindle.

Zero error

_________ is used to measure

time

_________ is used to measure

mass

_________ is used to measure

temperature

_________ is used to measure

current
1.5 Analysing Scientific Investigations
________ and
identifying
suitable
_______
Make an
___________
Identifying
and
controlling
____________
Formulating a
___________

Observations are made using the senses of

______, _______, _______, _________ and
________.A suitable ________ is suggested for
scientific investigation
Inference is an early _________that you draw
from an observation.
1. ______________ variables
2. ______________ variables
3. ______________ variables

Hypothesis is a general statement that

states the __________ between manipulated
variable and responding variable.
____________ dan __________ eksperimen
Two children are playing on
swings with different length
at a playground, it is found
that the period of oscillation
for each swing is different.
Problem statement:
Inference:

Hypothesis:
Experiment
Aim:
Variables
Manipulated Variable:
Responding Variable:
Constant Variable:
Apparatus and Materials:
Arrangement of apparatus:

Procedure:

Tabulation of Data:

Analysis of Data

Conclusion:
Graph
Y is _______________ to x.
Y = ____

Y _________________ with x
Y = __________

Y _________________ with x
Y = __________

Y is _____________ to x or Y is ______________ to
1
x

Y = ______