L13 - Deflection - Macaulay's Method

Unit III Deflection in Beams
2
1
2. Macaulays method:
C
D
A
This is a convenient method for
determining the deflections of
a beam subjected to point loads
or in general discontinuous loads.

Example:
In general at any section the B.M. is given by,
= 1 2
The manner in which the above expression is written should
be noted.
Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,
Dept. of Civil Engg., SVCE

= 1 2
As the magnitude of goes on
Increasing so that the law of Loading

changes, additional expression appear.
For values of between = 0 and = , only the first term of the

above expression should be considered.
For values of between = and = , only the first two terms
of the above expression should be considered.
For values of between = and = , all the terms of the

above expression should be considered.

2
2 = 1
2 ()
Integrating Equation (i) we get, the general expression for slope
+ 1
2
1
2
2
2
2
()
It is very important to note the following two points

(a) The constant of integration 1 should written after the first term
of the above expression.
(b) The quantity ( ) should be integrated as
2
2
2
2
and not as
.

2
= + 1 1
2
2
2
2
()
(c) Similarly the quantity ( ) should be integrated as

2
2
and not as
2
2
Integrating Equation (ii), we get the deflection equation

3
= + 1 + 2 1
6
6
3
2
()


=
3
6
3
1
6
+ 1 + 2
3
2
6
()
The constant 1 and 2 can be evaluated if end conditions are

known.


Problem 1:
A simply supported beam AB of span 10 m is subjected to
an u.d.l. of 20 kN/m for a length of 6 m from the left
support A and a concentrated load of 40 kN at 2 m from
the right support B. Determine the slope at the support A
and the deflection under the concentrated load interms of
the flexural rigidity EI.


40
Solution:
20 kN/m
B
C
Taking moments about A,
A
2m 2m
6
( 10) = 40 8 +
=92
=68
10
(20 6 3)
= 68
= 20 6 + 40 68 = 92 .
By using Macaulays method

The B.M. at any section distant from the end B is given by,
2
4
2 = 68 40 x 2 20
2
(i)
7

Solution:
2
2 = 68 40 x 2
4 2
20
(i)
2
20 kN/m
40
B
C
2m 2m
A
=92
10
=68
Integrating the above equation, we get slope equation,
2
2 2
4 3
= 68 + 1 40
10
ii
2
2
3
Integrating the above equation, we get deflection equation,
3
2
= 68 + 1 + 2 20
6
3
4
10
12

(iii)
8

Solution:
20 kN/m
40
B
C
2m 2m
3
A
= 68 + 1 + 2
6
=92
2 3
4 4
20
10
(iii)
3
12
At the point B, i.e at = 0, = 0
From equation (iii), 0 = 0 + 0 + 2
2 = 0
At the point A, i.e.,at = 10 , = 0
From equation (iii), 0
10 2 3
20
10
3
1 = 684.
103
= (68 )
6
4
10 4
10
=68
+ (1 10) + 0
12

40
Solution:
20 kN/m
B
C
1 = 684, 2 = 0 substitute A
6
2m 2m
in equations (ii) and (iii).
=92
=68
10
From equation (ii),
= 34 684 20 2
10
At A, = 10 ,
= 34 102 684 20 10 2
716
=

4 3
3
ii slope eqn.
10 4
2 10
3

10

Solution:
From equation (iii),
3
= 34 684
3
2 3
4
20
10
3
12
20 kN/m
40
B
C
2m 2m
A
=92
10
=68
(iiia)
At point C, i.e., at at = 2 ,
23
22
= 34
684 2 (20
3
3
1277.33
=

11

Problem 2:
A horizontal beam 4 m long is supported at the left end A
and at B 1m from the right end C. It carries an uniformly
distributed load of 10 kN/m over the span AB and A point
load of 5 kN at the free end C. Determine the slope at the
support A and the deflection at 1 m from left support A in
terms of its flexural rigidity.

12

5
Solution:
10 kN/m
C
B
A
3
1m
( 3) = 5 4 +
=13.33
=21.67
4
(10 3 1.5)
= 21.67
= 10 3 + 5 21.67 = 13.33 .
By using Macaulays method

The B.M. at any section distant from the end C is given by,
2
1
2 = 5 + 21.67 x 1 10
2
(i)
13

Solution:
5
10 kN/m
2
C
B
2 = 5 + 21.67 x 1
A
3
1m
1 2
=13.33
=21.67
4
10
(i)
2
Integrating the above equation, we get slope equation,
2
1 2
1 3
= 5 + 1 + 21.67
10
ii
2
2
6
Integrating the above equation (ii), we get deflection equation,
3
1 3
1 4
= 5 + 1 + 2 + 21.67
10
6
6
24
(iii)
14

Solution:
10 kN/m
C
B
3
A
3
1m
= 5 + 1 + 2
6
=13.33
=21.67
1 3
1 4
4
+21.67
10
(iii)
6
24
At the point B, i.e at = 1 , = 0
13
5( )
6
From equation (iii), 0 =

+ 1 (1) + 2
1 + 2 = 0.833 (A)
At the point A, i.e.,at = 4 , = 0
43
(5 )
6
4
41
From equation (iii), 0 =

+ (1 4) + 2
41 3
+21.67
10
6
24
41 + 2 = 10.435 ()
15

Solution:
41 + 2 = 10.435 ()
1 + 2 = 0.833 (A)
10 kN/m
A
=13.33
1m
=21.67
31 = 11.268 B (A)
1 = 3.756
2 = 0.833 3.756 = 4.589
2 = 4.589
Substitute 1 and 2 values in equation (ii) and (iii)
2
1
= 5 3.756 + 21.67
2
2
1
10
6

iia
16

Solution:
10 kN/m
3
1m
= 5 3.756 + 4.589
6
=13.33
=21.67
4
1 3
1 4
+21.67
10
()
6
24
2
1
= 5 3.756 + 21.67
2
2
At A, i.e. at x= 4m, from Equation (iia),
1
10
6
42
41
= 5( ) 3.756 + 21.67
2
2
iia
41
10
6
iia
.
=

17

Solution:
10 kN/m
D
3
1m
= 5 3.756 + 4.589
6
=13.33
=21.67
4
1 3
1 4
+21.67
10
()
6
24
At D, i.e. at x= 3m, from Equation (iiia),
43
31
= 5
3.756 3 + 4.589 + 21.67
2
2
31
10
6
.
=

18

Problem 3:
A simply supported beam AB 9 m span is subjected to a
vertical point load of 30 kN at 3 m from the left support A
and a clockwise moment of 20 kNm at 3 m from the right
support B. Using Macaulays method, determine the slope
at A and the deflection under the point load. E= 2 105
MPa and = 12 108 4 .

19

Solution:
9 = (30 3)+20
= 12.22
= 30 12.22
= 17.78
30 kN
A
20 kN m
D
3m
3m B
C
3m
17.78
Using macaulays method, the B.M. at any section from A

is given by,
2
2 = 17.78 30 3 + 20 6

20

Solution:
2
2 = 17.78 30 3
A
+20 6 0
By integrating ,
30 kN
20 kN m
D
3m
3m B
C
3m
2
3
= 17.78 + 1 30
2
2
By integrating,
x
2
3
3
= 17.78 + 1 + 2 30
6
6
+ 20 6
3
6
+ 20
2
At x=0, y=0, from the above deflection equation,

0 = 0 + 0 + 2
2 = 0
21

Solution:
3
= 17.78 + 1 + 2
6
3 3
6 2
30
+ 20
6
2
30 kN
A
20 kN m
D
3m
3m B
C
3m
x
At x=9 m, y=0, from the above deflection equation,

93
93
0 = 17.78 + 1 9 + 2 30
6
6
96
+ 20
2
1 = 130.03
2
17.78
2
130.03 30
3 2
2

+ 20 6 --(i)
slope equation
22

Solution:
3
= 17.78 130.03
6
3 3
6 2
30
+ 20
---(ii)
6
2
deflection equation.
2
17.78
2
30 kN
A
130.03 30
20 kN m
D
3m
3m B
C
3m
x
3 2
2
+ 20 6 --(i)
slope equation
Slope at A, i.e., i.e. at x=0,
130.03
130.03
4
=
=
=
5.418
10
2.4 105
23

Solution:
3
= 17.78 130.03
6
3 3
6 2
30
+ 20
---(ii)
6
2
deflection equation.
30 kN
A
20 kN m
D
3m
3m B
C
3m
x
Deflection at C, i.e., at x= 3m, from (ii),

33
33 3
= 17.78 130.03(3) 30
6
6
310.08
310.08
3
=
=
=
1.292
10
2.4 105
= 1.292 ()
24

Problem 4 (H.W.):
A beam ABC is loaded as shown in Figure. If E= 2 105
N/2 and = 9 107 4 , determine (i) slope at the
end A (ii) deflection at the free end C (iii) Maximum
deflection.
15 kN
6m
4m
2 kN/m
B 2m

25

Problem 5 (H.W.):
A beam of uniform section 10 m long is simply supported
at its ends and is subjected to 100 kN and 60 kN at
distance of 2 m and 5 m respectively, from the left end.
Compute the deflection under each load using Macaulays
method. Assume E=200 Gpa and I=0.0118 4 .

26

L13 - Deflection - Macaulay's Method

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L13 - Deflection - Macaulay's Method

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Unit III Deflection in Beams

determining the deflections of

a beam subjected to point loads

or in general discontinuous loads.

Unit III Deflection in Beams

As the magnitude of goes on

Increasing so that the law of Loading

For values of between = 0 and = , only the first term of the

For values of between = and = , all the terms of the

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Integrating Equation (i) we get, the general expression for slope

It is very important to note the following two points

Unit III Deflection in Beams

(c) Similarly the quantity ( ) should be integrated as

Integrating Equation (ii), we get the deflection equation

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

The constant 1 and 2 can be evaluated if end conditions are

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

By using Macaulays method

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Integrating the above equation, we get slope equation,

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

By using Macaulays method

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Unit III Deflection in Beams

From equation (iii), 0 =

From equation (iii), 0 =

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Using macaulays method, the B.M. at any section from A

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

At x=0, y=0, from the above deflection equation,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

At x=9 m, y=0, from the above deflection equation,

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Slope at A, i.e., i.e. at x=0,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Deflection at C, i.e., at x= 3m, from (ii),

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,

Unit III Deflection in Beams

Dr.P.Venkateswara Rao, Associate Professor,