DUDLEY KNOX LIBBAHY

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA 93943-5008

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

Monterey, California

THESIS
DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF A
PROTOTYPE FIN-LINE MAGIC-TEE AND FIN--LINE
MONOPULSE SYSTEM SUITABLE FOR
MILLIMETER-WAVE APPLICATIONS
James William Rowley

December 1985

Thesis Advisor:

Jefferey B. Knorr

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ELEMENT NO

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miE (Include Security Classification) DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION AND TESTING OF A PROTOTYPE FIN-LINE MAGICAND FIN-LINE MONOPULSE SYSTEM SUITALBE FOR MILLIMETER-WAVE APPLICATIONS

'EE

PERSONAL AUTHOR{S)

Rowley, James William

a

TYPE OF REPORT

13b

[aster's thesis

TIME COVERED

DATE OF REPORT

14

FROM

{Year,

Month, Day)

IS

PAGE COUNT

December 1985

TO

114

SUPPLEMENTARY NOTATION

COSATI CODES
FIELD

(ABSTRACT

GROUP

18

{Continue on reverse

if

SUBJECT TERMS {Continue on reverse

if

necessary and identify by block numtyer)

millimeter wave comparator; fin-line comparator; fin-line

magic-tee; monopulse comparator; monopulse antenna;
monopulse radar

SUB-GROUP

necessary

and

identify by block

number)

This thesis describes a fin-line 180 degree hybrid (magic-tee) that is suitable for
se in monopulse radar antennas at microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies.
The three-dimensional junction of a waveguide magic-tee is replaced with fin-line
^lots, coupled fin-line slots and microstrip lines mounted in a waveguide fixture.
The
'lanar geometry on the substrate provides significant reduction in size and eliminates
he waveguide ratrace that is associated with conventional hybrids.
Ports one and two
re flared into fin-line horns to produce a fin-line monopulse system.
Suggestions for
urther development of the fin-line magic-tee and monopulse system are presented.

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efferey B. Knorr
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Approved for public relessej distribution is unliMited*

Designt Construction and Testing of a Prototype Fin-Line

Magic-Tee and Fin -Line Monopulse Systew Suitable for
MilliMeter-Wave Applications
by

Janes Williaw Rowley

Lieutenant CoMMander United States Navy
BS California State University Los Angeles^ 1972

SubMitted in partial fullfillnent of the

requirewents for the degree of
MASTER OF SCIENCE IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
froM the

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL

DeceMber 1985

AEiSTRACT

This thesis describes

n-

1 i

ri

degree

180

hybr

<M3Qic-tee) that is suitable for use in Monopulse radar

antennas at Microwave and nil 1 inetef^-wave frequencies*
The thr ee

d me

i"i

s i o ri a 1

u ri c t i o r

replaced with fin- line slots

is

M i c: r o s t r

es

1 i

mo n t e d

ri

of a w a v q u i d e

c-1e

coupled fin- line slots and

wave9u i de

ma9

;;

tu r e

T'

ii

i:>

ri

geoMetry on the substrate provides significant reduction

si:z:e

and eliminates the waveguide

ar

in

that is associated

r a trace

with conventional hybrids* Ports one and two are flared into
f

1.1

r"i

- 1 i

i"i

hor

ggest

ri

ri

to

for

p r oduce

f'

ur t

ii

er

n~

I i

11

develops e

ri

p u 1 se
T

Magic:- tee and Monopulse system are presented*

\\

s
f

:{

i.

s t e m

I'l

:i.

i"i

c-

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1*

10

10

B.

II.

111

************
BACKGROUND
********
RELATED WORK
**********

INTRODUCTION

\*

Slot line MsQic-Tee

2*

Plan-BT

3*

Fin-Line Horn Antenna

12

12

Waveguide CoMparators

13

13

F'URF'OSE

THEORETICAL PRINCIPLES

16

A,

WAVEGUIDE MAGIC --TEE

B*

MONGPULSE ANTENNAS

i -1

E:

GTLINE

F i: N - L I N

I...

Ef.

*******

ANTENNA

R E T 1. C A L

i:)

16

F'

1"

E-

16
19

R N E)

C II A f < A C T E F< I S T I C S

C H A V< A C: T E V< I. S T 1. C S

21

F.

EVEN AND ODD MODES IN COUPLED SLOT

21

G,

MICROS TRIP CHARACTERISTICS

23

H.

MICRO ST RIP TO SLOTLINE TRANSITIONS

I M E D A N C F:

F"

mag I C: - T E E

F-'

aT a1

'11*

F"

i. ;(

I...

F.)

t-

Ves

E!

fec t

(5

e ri q \. h
i

23

*******
*********

ENGINEERING APPROXIMATIONS
I

2^

M A T C H J. N G

F^'

I N - L I N F:

ec

the

of
1

1-

c:

I'

i t

P\

ou

Coup
t^ i^

pp

i'

J. f\

ed

o ;;

;;)

o ri

p e d c> ri c e

ots

n a 1 1 o ri w i

'\

th

j.

ri

tiie

>

Fi;rLi..ire

28

IU<.

U.

EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

29

Theoretical Operation

29

2*

Theoretical Inpedance Matching

SLOT IMPEDANCE AND ELECTRICAL LENGTH

31

Uncoupled Slots

31

Couple?d Slots

31

D*

FIXTURE DESIGN AND ASSEMBLY

T/.

E*

FIN-LINE MAGIC-TEE DESIGN

35

Slotted Side

2*

Microstrip Side

F*

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

G,

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

H.

RESULTS
Fixti-ire

2*

Magic-Tee NuMber One

Magic "Tee NuMber Two

'}

Ma g i c -- T e e N m b

F\'

[:

(:>

ULTS

39

>

<,

B,

FIX

U Rl E

C o ri cl

RecoMMe

I..I

s o
:i.

I'l

at

o ri s

FIN-LIN MAGIC-TEE
1

>

Cone 1 LIS i or

'^2

>

r"i <ii

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A

Thr ee

FIN-LINE MONOPULSE SYSTEM

DESIGN

38

A.

*..,.,

*..*

>

^18

C.

D.

F-IN-LINE MONOPULSE SYSTEM

1*

Conclusions

RecoMMendations

DiaMond Fin-Line Monopulse S^sten

Square Fin~L. ine Monopulse

or

Fv

e c o M M e ri d a t

(1^

us

1.

I'l

s
i

o ri s

MEETING TFIESIS OBJECTIVES

H'.i

FI

UR

F-

>

,.,,.,.,,,,,..,
DISTRIEUJTION LIST >>****
* *

LIST OF REFERENCES

INITIAL

51
'51

52

52
52
52

5-^

(!?

'49

,.,.,,>,

COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING

NDIX

^9

53

E:.

^9

*.*.

F'

>

*
<.*

AF'PENDIX
l-'

SJ^jstceM

,.**.,.

AIDED DESIGN

>

CGMF-'UTER
1

FvecoMMendations

7
1 1

1 1

LIST OF FIGURES

Fin-Line Magic-Tae

Wavecjuide Magic-Tee

Th?oretic3l Maqic-Tee Sactterinq Matrix

^*

DiaMond Monofiulse Feed

73

Square Monapulse Feed

7-1

6*

SiMulated and Actual

7*

Theoretical Sum Group Pattern

Th eor et i c a 1

Theor et

Sum

10*

Theoretical Difference Pattern

11*

F:i

12*

Slot line Impedance

3.

14
1

3
V

o1 1

j.

r iqi

ri

S--Matr

17

E)

2*.

21
Z'Z

23

<.

r^

oup

F"

a11er n

**.>*>
^^

e ri g t h

i;',

F"

;;

i..i

q ri

35e

,,

Maqn i t de for

S12 Phase and Magnitude for Maqic-Tee

fi-iree

>

S13 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee

Three

>

ree

and Magnittido? for Magic- Tee Three

'}

F'

F' hi

ase

S21

F'has(5

S22

F"

'i

and

i.i

M a g ri

:i.

tude

for

h s e a ri d M a g ri i t d e f o r
i..i

c.^

Maq

Mag

i.

c:

c-

Tee

T'

ee

Te

T' i"! !

i-i

} i

77
7S

79
30

83

,,.

76

81

75

.*.*,*'>

for Maqic-Iee Number Two

I!)

ee

S
>

,,,
.*

a 1 1 e tm"i

F"ir"i"Line

ne WaVe

72

.,
.

f f e r e ri c e
F'

72

,,

lecient F-'arttern

-Matrix for Maqic-Tee Number ThY^ee

S1

19

a1

lateral

16*

c:

'.

Normalized Coupled Slot line Impedance

'5

>

71

SI
SS

86

38
89

1.

2^,

S23 Phaise and Maqnitude for Maqic-Tee Three

93

25*

S2^ F'hase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three

9^

26*

S3:L

Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three

95

27

532 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee

T ^| r e e

96

28

533 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three

97

29

S3^ Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three

98

3()

S'll

Phase and Magnitude

31.

S-12

Phase and Magnitude for Magic -Tee Three

10

A- *

S-^3

Phase and Magriitude for Magic-Tee

Thr ee

33,

S-^}'^

Phase and

for Magic -Tee Ti^ree

3^.

I'"

\.l

ri

L..

ri

foY'

Magniti..ide

M o ri o p

Magic-Tee

em

H-Plane Element Pattern

*

H-F'lane System Pattern

38*

SiMulated Sum Pattern

39

j. i-y

ii)

ted

Depth of
1

;l.

I..I

F''

:i.

tlie

ane

e r e ri c e

I...

i.

ri

1 1

M o it

tm"i

u1 se

Si

<r>

tem

->

<r

106

>

>

10^

Difference Null
n

F'

(J

103

System Pattern

E-F-'lane

99

Thr ee

>

103
109
1 1

Ci

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

Leslie? and to My

Special thanks is given to ny wife^

Marc* Their Moral support? tolerance and under standing

sont

Without their assistance and

are sincerely appreciated*

enco

1..I

a Q e M e ri t

f "I

K ri o r

Lee?

fo

T^

wor

c o

fo

t his

uQhout

r o

also

is

T h a ri k s
Jeffr ey

this wo r k

ri

ven

1"

"i

d n o t h a v e b e e ri

My the s i s

to

gu

dance

My s e c o n d

to

k. t

wou

uous

encou

poss

adv

i"i

eader

rage m e

i"i

sr

;i.

i"i

'

F' v^

ofe

ni

f
'

esso

ri

t
1

f o r

ri

or

<.ii

c a u r 3 q ene

par

':i

LCDR

Mi.iMt

s gges t i o
p

n t h e f i ri - 1

e ri c: o

i..i

t^

m e n 't

ag

ri

e m

r-i

op

1..1

;;>

e s

i"i

d f

e ri d s

i.

^1

i.

de v e

lem

s>

Pakistan Navy? for

a7:-ul--Haq of the
s

1..1

this

t i"i

tiis

1 t

i"i

op

11

;h

suggestions on the Microstrip to coaxial cable transit .1.0ns

to

e ri t

invali..iabl(;)

reject would not have been as successful as

.1

ch

was;

it,

to

the e;ctreMely knowledgeable Microwave Laboratory Supervisor?

Gary
i'lh

o d

Red
i

Monop u 1

School

<;>

V-.

tr
sy

F'tioto

for

t..i

v.5

tem

i"i

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dai

tstand

a ri d

to

\'i

the

ass

':',

'">

<;;

ta

"i

ce

ob

of

e t c:

aff

of

the

Lab for their excellent

to

fi

pi'iot'.j

i"i

E;'

T'

Nava

Maf

2
i"i

F'

f
s

I'

f:-;

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1

ua

reductiori work.*

ne
i.

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above

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two

one

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me

qeowetvy qreatlv^ siMplifies

nijMev^oi..is

ri

3:i

t lie

i.

pTodi.ices the

flanqes in conventional Monopulse antennas CRef^

10 --17

and intv^icate network of

r a trace

ev

r a d a r s

I'.'.

tiiat

sf'iape

ach

se

toqether

v e ri c

'-i

de

i.

lj

t^

ba

ave

311*

bo

o p u

ri

wavequ

the

ts

CFvef*

t e r - w aj v e

i 1 1 i

he

1'.,

have

c a n e c t i o ri s

Most

we 1 1
c-

i"i

ts

e ri c^ i e s

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comp ar ator

e x a c t i ri q

these

ef

de

I.I

destroy the

net

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es

ii>

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have

th

ri

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fac

[,

ri

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ed

d
li

;;<

<=>

i.

s
a

sinqle unit* This coMbi nation of fin- line horns and fin- line?

Magic- tees constructed

called

fin- line Monopulse sy stent or

coMp 3r ator
M

:L

1 i

produced for

5 2 3-528'.]
g

^E:

c-

two

e?

ri

de

;':)

gic

1 i

i"i

F"

o1

!l.

c o

ri

- 1 i

er

ri

dev

tluv?

<j

st

of f v e q u e ri c: \i

used

ir>

g u v a t

Seco
II

:i.

ri

I
'I

e ri c

.i.

systems

can

es

p o t e

ri

op er at

>

1 1

at

be

mass

t-

ri

.i.

ce

-1

p p

hyhr

ds

placed

nag

thes

The

ba

c:

II

th

loped

i"i

ii

ri

i.

ma

th i

ri

|:)

.1.

a r a
i

t-

<3

<r>

c a n 1
cu

wavegu

c fi ;j ri g e

J.

J.

;i.

:i.

r^

thes

i.

to

V-.

f
s

<;i

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k.

to

3r

i 1

ces

\~\

a ri d

wee

t i'l

be

ii

&

wo

o11

"I

hyb

ri

f fe

J.

r i

d
h

i t

c h a

"-^i

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se

ri

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er

e a c h

ri

ges

t h e

!l

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i'l

n p e d a

ri c-

s
e

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t"

of

th

mp eda

<:}

r"i

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as

<i>

cj ij ri

<r,

f u ri c: 1

i-i

r-i

>

t i~i e

i.

'x

ue

c: r^

o s t r^

ip

to

coa

the fin~lirie devic^e does not have

slot line

Ref

c~tee

ri

\"\

gawa

1 i

R e f e r e ri c e

ri

ds

o1

ve

:i.

deve

of

;;">

Mr*

ne

the

ri

bed

c:

1 1 i

- tee

'i

op ed

are

cr

r s t

ne

1 i

har ac

aw3

k.

tur e

T'

de

1ee

;(

mag

rod u c e d

I,

deve

The
f

fi

these

of

waVegu

se

few hundred dollars each*

Mr.

c:

fr eq

monop u

fin- line ManoF>'-'lse

Sl otlifi e hag ic-Te e

J.

ne

1 i

is hereafter

REELATED WOF<K

n-

eter -waVe

rt

in an integrated unit^

nag:!,

c- tee

The purpose of

; c

^a

tr

-lij

ri

couirter par t

ow

in

this transit;!, on is to

12

Maintain

fairly wide bandwidth at the point where the

Micros trip passes through the waveguide wall*

Fourth^ the si at line hybrid uses

tapered section

to transition froM the Main loop to the coupled slot

ar ea

In the corresponding portion of the fin-line Maquc -tee

section of Microstrip Maintains

each

constant width up to the

point where the two sections join*

F
f

n-

1 i

r\

na

j.

r e f 1 e c t i o ri ?i
1

F'

lIRef*

tota

poss
i

the

ri

:i.

b1e

to

lots
ep

k.

of
c

I'l

o e ri 1 3

Com par a tors

de

descr

bed

Syr i q o s

b ^j

oss

and

i"i

Van

related to this thesis at all> However

of

p a r t

ri

'-i

is not

311

ds

rt

i..i

ysteM

Mee t

does

t i 1 i

iii

be

are c m p t e r d e s i g n e d

Haveg

a ri a r

the

of

J.

low as

as

The

Wyck

>

m agio - 1 e e

1 1

1 1

the
d

v.i

ob

ffer e

ect

des

ri

v es
i

o f
a

ri

ri

t h

wo v

manufbc

<

oy

k.

ur

11

coiicep t
^ >

i"i,-:,L,

ii

M u M 1 3 7:

aMo

of

i.i i"i

i-i

n.

-Haq
t

\~\

e e

<;}

ri

3.

r'l

:i.

shor t

T hi

ed

.1.

s
-

an
1 i

r-i

T"

the fins

i.

&

i"i

:i.

i~i

Ref

[;

e <: t r

parallel fins.
contr o 1

Antenna

n e H o t' n

t bi e

.',

ci

ef 1 ects

a ri o

ota

arid

11

ng

-,

keeps

bi

>c

ri

te

Haq

>

(?

c:

fi

i"i

<;>

cr

wbs

hor

tfie

h e t^
ef

i.

ri

edges

p o aed

i"i

o;-

bi

cted

(^

be

ii

t o q>
t

over ed

i c: t^

s \\ o t- 1

ev fected
t

au

undesir<3ble effect

I-:,

;;i

Tiiis

ma

orn

ri

i"i

ther

oas

s u b s t a ii

betwee

ed

wave
i t

\\

e <3 1 s

*:

I'l

e
th

i"i

gt

op p

edges
e

g a f>

electi^ic field in the slots.

13

L..

;:;

C D R
L i

i-i

I,

be

th

ri

be succes^iif ul

cari

of

=i

at

i"'

]. ^:j

de
e
he

wee

i'l

The parallLel slots leadirig to ports

(Fi<3

are separated by

1)

quarter of

reflecting back

thereby preventing inadvertent

coupling* This concept is

research performed by

The

c c es s

ij

i"i

t o

I'l

1 1

ob

test

des

of this wo

ect i ve

b
<a ri

"i

the Magi

st

T'

udes

two

a
i.

u fi

Mu

;:}

he
("

<:}

c:

iA

j.

cr

I'l

ri

c h b ri

a ri

<;?

ri

1 1 i

Me

er

a ri d

i"i

t ii

de s

u r a -t e

;'l

'-.i

ri

ri

ob

i"i

ri

1 i

>

r i

ct

ri ri

ed

evat

c:

'-i

ab

<3

i"i

;i.

.1.

1 i

i'^

<":)

P r

:i.

t^ (5

i"i

ii

k.

ri

e ri d e d

i^

i'l

nonop u

c^

"i

I'l

<.i

vi

ob

p r o d u <:^ e

ah

ec

i 1 1

r easo

ri

ab

c:

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:l \->

ii

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^1

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i'i ;;}

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to

c.

ci ri

Jh

ij

r^

>-.

be

to for^
y

sun

ri

en t

I'l

J.

<j

i"i

as

ece

to

bo

|:>

n s ij r e

t it e s e

\a

f
i

ned

be

'51

i I

l-l

tee

-G

e s

i t

bu

sys

to

c ti aj ri ri e
,.i

su

m a g

i.i

i"i

at

:i.

i"i

c-1ee

p r oduce

d e s i g ri

antennas LRef*

to

of

monop

er e

to

m p o t^
*

l"i

iiorn

er

-1

:i.

i.

1 1

<3

e du r e
c:

ve

(n ri

ri

u ri
t"'

ri

i-

c o ri s t r u c t i o n

c- tee

wave

<3 ri

r)

i"i

tegr a

i.

he

dev

c^

es

omp

ab

ij

!L

ter

i.

i t

sj i^

te
f

s e c o ri d

Th

>

T'

f f V? r e

az

e r e ri c e

applied

the^

CRef* 53*

l-iaq

integrated with two firi-lirie

direct result of

PURF'OSE

C.

wavelength away* The reflected short

seals off the two slots,

two

arid

quarter wavelength* Each slot

appears as an open to the other slot,

short

orie

oss

he
b

;i.

11

i.

Mp

T"

,.i

oveme

c:

ri

t i

ve
f

of
o r

h
bi

1.4

:i.

:i.

esear c
I'l

;i.

i"i

ii)

to
g

--

ec
1 e e

e ri q
a nd

fin-line Monopulse system* Specific

econnendat ions for

expanding the fin-line Monopulse systew into

(

I..I

cha

ri ri

az

li

th

cha

ri

Monopuli5e systeM are required*

15

ne

a ri d

evat

three channel
i

ri

c ft a n ri e

The design of the

i"i

-line?

maq

system is based on established Microwave

t

eor et i c

i"i

The
hyb
i-i

ri

1 1"!

I-

of

P owe

or

(;

the
c;

T^

ea

:i.

ill ij s t

T^

fo

oVp

1.1

].

ri

t-

ri

er t

F'

a t ed

p or ts

T^

r> r-

i"i

T^

the

od

E-p

Tiie

a ri e

<i5

rm

p o

ts

t^

i"i

ut

a ri d

hase s

1'^

i f

d e r)

cted

i"i

B,

MONGPULSE ANTENNAS
T

ahow

'n

d e ri t

of

ca

vi

r-i

:i.

or

<,

c:

ri

te

mo

ri

i'i

na

ri

op u

J.

e n e ci 't a

F>

o d IJ c^ e

added

ar e
th

I-

ee

^:^

st

;;*

ri

d
f>

<;) \~i

ii

three or More inaqic-tees

;;<

od

da

qur es

a ri d

1 1

^-;

m
h

ii

J.

These

ij

ts

;?

is

t^

ded

:i.

>

b e t w e e ri

:;v

d S3

ents

I'

c:

via

I'I

aun

e
T

/R

cha
i

i^ ii* I'l

I'l

[!

wh

A ri

ch

ri

8
p

ha

de
t

"j

<:)

t^

of

1 f

phaae

i"i

p or ts

com

f>

p or ts

61

Ref

:i.

:i.

o c: c u r

fi

a ri

>;j

Y\

;ii

q ri ^5

r\

t e

ri

ar e

i"i

ete

i"i

ee

Tiie

ther

:v

f>

(J

c o

ri

ta

i"i

ri

ri

at
fo

::i

23

i..i

v\

;;?

ri

f o

ij

t"-

c ted

i"i

:i.

deqree
Si)

tw

1!:)0

so
s

ri

te

a
ri

:i.

siqnals to and froM the foni^

Tiie

nbt

radar

ae

re

ci

-plane arw and cancel

i"i

ports

the

se

and

a cvt e d

;i.

fi

var

oua

mb

:i.

i"i

at

i.

'i

to

o t^ t a

All four of the an tei'in as

T-

wavequ

o t- t h o q o n a

two

as

|:>

reverse of these conditions is also true*

S 3 2.

;i.

eq u a

is

two

to

ri

the o p p o ^i i t e re a u 1 1 s

ce

i..t

b e t w e e fi

i:}

se

j 1

n th i s chap ter

of

es

at ports one and two conbine

i

s ed

a e d i sc

cep ts

iricip les

fir

|:)

waueguide: magic-tee:

A,

c)

:L

and no n o

-1ee

(:^

"i

am

e
i

t/R

av<r-

Th

ce

ve

toqeti'ier

siJMried
a
)

<:>

na

Dev

;i.

c:

co

i"i

ri

i.

phase to

e crt e d

to

the

[-1

t r a c- k. i fi g

t a r c| e t
d

az
:i.

>i

1"^

<3 IT

1h

1..1

v:.

F> c)

at

r-i

p r o

a n t e n ri 5$

ir>

the

i..i

ri

the

m o n o p ij

se

].

eva

].

ow

f f er

t h e t^ e

>

he

and

i^

;L

ri

azimuth channels*
re s u 1 1 o f s h

t lie
r

I"

oM

(3 <3

i-|

I'l

er

ft
a

ri

two

de

add

t fi e ri

T^

a d ;3

e t u r^

v-

fr

ri

cj

r"i

ri

shift and addition occur within

The

ante

o ri

r^

f f e r e fi c e

CoMp

el

i'i

T"

a ri

i"i

e te
w

th

fi c;

th

'i

;i.

c^

:i.

ii

t'-

1 1

i;i

odu

ca

va

at
c;

'

i"i

at

does

i""i

f i q u i^ a t

1 i

in

t i n e ^i

].

ii

<^.i

;i.

em

i"i

th

oqe

:i.

:i.

i"i

ffer e

ii

ere

ii c;

cha

\-\

ne

sa
as

t II

eXa

tiie

ni..ill

o ri

eft

it

r-

cj ri

t a r q e t / a ri t e

r-i

ri

tar qet

=>

i:>

q fi

e 1"
i.

;.? ].

"i

'ci

i.

d
nq

ri

the elevati ori

deq

(1

di.

:i.

t-

c:

t hi

er

ee

1 i

i'
1

ft

17

f\

I'l

t^

ef

t^

ri

esu

i-

!l.

ee

';i

hi

a ae

ffe

ri

;i.

:i.

<-\

hase
t

l\

ft

:i.

ii

he

c'l

ts

I'l

ce

i-i

c;-

fere

ended
s

ii

phase as

iri

e;rt

eme

t ii e
1

r c s a e a

due

fference port can

i"i

deq

ti'ie

c e liter

;i.

te

the

ci

ri ri

'

1(J-29IU

pp.

71

sh

antennas

tiie

the

ii

(-5

reaches the riqht

it

occu

ot

extended center line CRef,

Since

i 1

t fi

<=>

line re;;jches the

p h a se

i"i i',

the
I'l

awaq froM

far- 1 her

:i.

siqnal increases in aMplitude and shifts

tarqet qets

wh

(:?

Maqic-tees*

tlu-:-

tar qet

a^

es

c;

<.^

ei titer

iri

left elewents of the antenna before

>

n a? s

system

the Moriopulse antenna's extended center

eleven t s

ri

p r o d u c^

ce

t^

null in the difference ch arme Is is

Tiie

ng

i.

rt

r-i

SUM channel and abaolutel";:^ no signal

or

on

ti

sou

'

& b e t w e e ri t h e

be

i.

r adar

t^

6? ri

ante

the

a t^ e

7"

ppe

duces

ar qet

chan

o r m a t i o ri

t"

betwee n

f f G r t? fi c e

3.

two d i f f e r e ri c e

e?

t,

r"i

orvLq
the

oi;:ci.ir

;;

center of both
Therefore,

t ^l e

t.i

ri

difference

target that produces

channel and no return

ri

t e n ri a

range data* the target's location

t

ii

bisects the

at

in one of the difference channels is

which develop the

difference signal* When this information

p 1 ane

ri

strong return in the sum

on a plane that bisects the two antennas

t lie

p a 1 1 er

is coMbined wittt

limited to an arc on

is

halves of

two

the

a fi

t e ri

r\

Th

point where the elevation and azimuth arcs cross is directl^/j

i

\'\

1'l

fr o
te

Pi

gh

the

ri

t his

and

ri ri

bor es

th

te

i"i r"i

p o i

a n t e ri

while

the
1

t Y\ e

T^

get

I'-,

c:

o m F> a r

;:5

mp

.1.

ca

r 1 ght

o T^

iii

o
i.

r
1

e c; t

1'l

so

ri

tude

the sum

wh

'('

i"i

commo

i"i

b
m

etwee

e fer

ri

t-

he

e d

m o ri o p u

to

difference ciiannels are

the?

^:j

se

t h e

uj ri 1 1 o r

m o ri

(j

the

ed

of
ec

awa"::i

gh

or

ow

or

>

p p

':>,

stem

ffer e

'i

28

a s

ce

ha

c:

def

11

ri

I'l

el

e ri t e r e d
comb

\:i

i.

se

i~i

t
w

i.

nes

th

1 i b

I i

amp

c omp a

a t

ii

tn

amp

'{

antenna's boresight*

tiie

fr(::im

difference signal

bor es
1

^|

(:^

\:i

ri

e
1

r-

1 1

:i.

tude

':>

i..i

de

I'l

This information is used to determine how

of tiie

de

p u 1 se

ci'iannel.>

J.

exac 1 1

as

oe

:i.

gh

w =< s

the

;i.

ri

i.

tav

11

ge

1 1

^.j

:i.

c .a

is

o ri

1 1

ed

ti

ab

n.

:i.

tm

to

1!

obta

:i.

ri

^s

phase

Tlte

used to determine

i5

mu 1

a fi e o u s

since all of the radiation lobes are sampled during

ever

as

Ref

h.

11

1 i

o ri s

of

orily)
i"i

be classified

ri

far a target is
(+/

i"i

target is within the main beam of the sum pattern,

ta

1 i

i"i

If the outputs of

is

ri

The

c:

om

):>

ete

!L

ob

eacii

1^

it

and
i

ng

solution in only one pulse led to the current designation of

Monopulse CRef. 7\

103*

p*

Earlier tracking radars such as conical scanning and

returns

lobe switching systeMS required nuMerous radar

obtain the sane

i

n for

often degraded by

pu

The accuracy of these sy stews

nation
1

to

pulse

se to

amp

tude

1 i

var

at

ons

Monopulse radars, which are free of this distortion, have

achieved tracking accuracies of 0()03 degrees CRef
10

The
s

face
th

ect

i r

sp ec

The
"t

\-\

IJ

eor e

The
-::?

ri

f i

L e I'l i-i a

pa

1 i

pp

ca

t i

ms

effe

amp

of'

i.

a
1

Mu
Iv

i-'

T'

2:

at

st

1 i

tude

g u res

c:

onp av

and

"1

s o ri

i:^

ed

i"i

i"i

F"

our

c:

of

at

e r-

1i

es

atep

1er n

:i.

to

ri

r ep r

T r a ri s

er

This
actua

i^

a ri d

ri

i"i

orm

stv

esen

suw

p r ed 1 ct i

ob

:i.

0?

i;i

ij

Ref

the
of

ar
the

onme

ij

se

ug

a
e

he

ri

but i on
m

-a

or

e ri t

tm^

a t^ r a y

t^

ij

:i.

acr oss
ema
pp

ca

t i

'^

i-i

i"i

1 1

5 - 3

^.-i

i.

I"

e r ence p a11er ns

ill

u s t

i-

I'l

tew

<r>

'y

-ii

hi

eor et

ri

f> <3

v.

ev

ri

1^1

o ri o

^vJ

a(:;r

ij

<;>

k.

:i

s
i-i

:>

oss the

elements. The second step is to deter ni.ne

ti~ie

ay

(j

is used to develop

to

se

ed

techni'::\ue

ar e

of

\\

be

a ri
i

c u r r e f\ t

the Fourier Transform of the current distribution

face of one of

n o ri

hss o n

enna

a r\

the

17 -195 3

<

ed
r

F"

an

of

r esu 1 t

T^

Mu

:i.

e a rt t e ri n a

i"i

and Reft 9
coMp

fie

faV

of

ANTENNA PATTERNS

T HE ore: TIC A L

C,

fo

are ill u s t r a t e d in

a ri t e ri ri a s

F-'

Two pop u 1 a r

71

i:>

p a 1 1er

<5

ss

;i,

b ^j t a

I'l

i"i

1'

) ;rj

I'.,

i"i

e a c hi

t }i e

Faur

ant e ii

'i

i.

er
e

Tr a
e m e ri

r-i

afor m
i

delta function* The final step

is to Multipl*:^ the element

pattern with the array pattern*

A ri

ac

ua

i:.

E-

ante n n a pattern

an&

1:>

om

t^

one

t h e

t"

fin- line horns of Reference 5 is closely simulated by add inq

2

i)

F>

at

!1.

T^

"I

(,

er

si n

a
ri

F"

p a 11er

qr oup

I'l

a ri s
:i.

ri

orm

("

as

ij ri

ffe

T*

>i

p a1

1er

Th

p at t

of

ce

ri

ii"

m li 1 a

is

i"i

two

o ri f o r

:i.

to

ri

o r(

ti

of
i

used

i"i

th

as

s q u ar ed

/ x

p r ed

c ted

ri

o r(

;i.

(:^

e rt e ri t

cos
1

of

de

p a11er

obta
1a

\~i

ed

n c^

l.i

11er

t i

ons

i"i

ta

'<

e^e the o v

1"

r\

<:^

r>

k i

<i>

et

<.:i

bi

:i.

c:

i"i

;i.

ri

c)

"i

esu

qr onp

1 ts

f u Vi c t

vial

r-

on

<;5

fov

1 e t^

i"i i;v

with an element spacinq of one wavelenqtii bv& illustrated

F q u r e ?i 7
e

i.i

ri

CoMp uter

I
'I

p a11e r

c o iA p u

ted

res p e c t
D

Met a

!...

:i.

cj

ri

]. "-^

:i:

ne

|:)

ri

:i.

:i.

6one

ve

I...

T' ii

J.

f o

ri

;;

;i.

;i.

i"i

cat

ri

of

f\

ah

t h e o r et

;i.

i^

t^

the
t

Bas

c^

o q r a (^

<;;

ar e

ci

;i.

edqes

T^

the

of

o p o T^ t

i"i

;;;

a
aw

d
i

ot

e m e ri t

o ri

t^

am

:i.

fere

F'

ri

ted

ri

t.i

i"i

r e

F'

qr

-9B

an

l-l

ce

p a b ter

<5

nj ri

<j

-^

ri

s
.,

I.

<

c:

i-i

f;;

a c: i" e.

c o ri a
a dh e

Metal.

of

p v o

t i c:

ata

of

ed

to

t'

ar r ow

ri

ri

iii

a
to

The
I

ot

c:

J fie

the w d t h
;i.

tr
:i.

].

eda

the

1*1

n:)

I'l

c^

t h

:i.

i.

ii

ri

<;<

'-^

;i.

ri

of
o f

si..ippor t iriq

substrate is

is

between

of

a1ot

th

ri

:i.

of

d e

dielectric* The other side of the

Vo

ii'i

q
1

i..i

'i

ded
s

deta

ot
:i.

ed

j.

ana

li

ec1

\{

<h

v<

of slot line properties is presented by Gupta^ Gar '3 and Bahl

CRef*
E,

10

195-2231,

PP

CHARACTERISTICS

F-IN-LINE".

has one

The bilateral fin- line illustrated in F'iqure 11

straight slot on each side of the dielectric* The

uses

M a q ic ~ t e e
wh

ch

as two

[-1

s1ots

ri

a
s

maq

he

c-

ar

on

ots

i 1

each

have

tee

More

"..i

s
m

de

co

the

of

xtur e

st

of

and curved sections which Join togeti'ier in

(Fig,
d u

<i<

ded

<=i

of t e s e d e s

t ii
s

ot

].

wavequide* As such?
As
d

|;>

ec11

op e

o f
o
I-*;

|:)

ri

ec

11

y-i

i-i

r-i

aia

F( ri

E-p

th e

I'l

are

!L

fo
a

ri

qht

ri

!l.

to

the

ne

ar e

of

dth

i.

by

o f

the

s c u =^ s e d

and Meier TRef.

"355:1

^ii

<,

ot

T hi

ri

on

ed

p e

<ii

o1

ri

j.

I' i"i

1 i

det

a ii 6

;;*

'i

o f

ri

rie

is

fin-l:i. rie
i 1

f;

oefer

1209-1215:1.

pp.

12?

sect

;;<

Shar ma

.^

180 deqrree bend

med

t^

q u v- a t

ectr

are essentially siiielded

ti">ey

i"i

35

pp

d e ri t

ca

:i.

er at
T^

ri

t^

;i.

and odd MG[)ES in coupled SLOTS

1

;i.

of

tr

efe

t f'l

es

E:UEM
1'

p r op av t i o

>:<

T^

CRef.
F".

I'l

the case witfi slotlirieo the inpedance of

is
T^

I'l

c o ri f

p 1 ex

tA

line

fin--

a
1

o t

ri

ce

ii

t"-

^i

i^)

i.

bo

ot

d er ed
s

the

ot

n-

1 i

s
i

ots

c;

oup

ot

Coup

>

the

ar a1

of one
1

vi

i"i

T^

and

co

enq

of

ri

c:

led

ne

ne

i"i

maq

mp e

ted b h

i'l

a
c

ii

tee

tee

ther
i

ots

maq

:i.

:i.

e f f e c:

<;;

ed
!L

d eve

:i.

].

1 i

an
p r o

ke q

he
d

o1

=;

ii

to

:j.

cu a aed

op ed

;i.

r'l

e
-a

or

:i.

I'l

'::f

i"i

<

doriiriate

r-i

rtodes

exists when

ttie

ch
;i.

i^

i:

F^:

ef

coupled slots

ele<;:tric

fields
21

PP

:>

'<

-'5'\7

even or odd*

withir-i

tiie

def

Trie

r-i

everi

Mode

two slots are

fi

with each other

ph}S(3

uh&reas

odd Mode existis when the

the?

two electric fields are out of phase with each other*

the Magnetic fields which suT'roi.md

In the even Mode^

slot couple together SMOothly to forM

eacii

Magnetic field* In this conf igurstion

other and pTM^duce

the uncoupled inpedance CRef*

As the
i.

ri

cr

eases

I"

decrease* In
VB
s

ri

shes

lot w

At
:i.

ri

I'l

i"i

TRef.

te

ri

10*
t

do

I'l

ot

u ri cr o u p

ed

together

Vau

}~i

op

^;>

|:>

<^\

te

Mp eda

i"i

o
i

<-:5

c e

w ^1 e ri

ot

eta

ri

i.

mp e

t-

g ri e
of

:i.

i.

1 1

c^

he
i

<r>

coup

m r> e d a ri

ts

ou

ri c;

m p e d 55 ri c e

the

s t a ri c e

odd

i.

c.

each

omp
e

!1.

ri

or

:i.

i:^

ri

chav acte

ed

r-

i-i

Io

slots
he

<::

t}ie

of

I'l

ot

the si t s

b e t w e e ri

t^

ot

ease

['.

opp os
t

:i.

;<

the
1'^

sep a

i"i

:l

e 1 d s o p r>
Es

*j

mp edance

two

ete

the

ri

d s>

s m o o th

e v

i"i

between

ri

whe

Yt

mode

i (j

a ri cr e

As

m a g ri e t

he

toge

ri

op p os

1 i

th

i.

the

of

c:-

ance

np e

he

ha

as w i d e as e a h o f

the

the

c:

has

ot

Mode

II

mo d e

e v e ri

he

st

ew
^i

;i.

c s

355 3*

odd

Mode

odd

I ri

1 i

p*

I'l

op p os

t ih e

tw

e <3 c h

liMit when the separation between

ch si

?>

:i.

g e t h e t^

bo

t he

lower than

is

3523*

p*

c a uses

effect

lie

other

I f\
a

ch

the

fi

ea

>

his
I,

10

are b r o u g h t c 1 o s e r

s 1 ots

the fields aid each

coupled inpedance which

continuous

orie

ef

t-

;:$

.i.

b i

^.j

ghev

r^

352

be

i"i

I:

:i.

on

ce

f.Ref.

r"i

two

>

the

10'

i"i

th

e
i

he

a?

i"i

i.

c:

ose

ds

i'

ri

:]

wee n

ot

o f

ought

m a g ri e

betwee

o ri
i"i

av e

iMpedance of one of the original slots

'>'>

two

co

ac1

each

se

ecause

<:)

t \\ e

e q. u a
o

u ii

<;?

ots

oup

:i.

355 II,

ed

The

icsl length of coupled slots

el(:?ctr

longer than

is

the uncouF>led length in the even Mode and shorter than

1..I

nco p

ar qer

13:
G

ed

1.1

e ri q t h
t

ss

1^

I'l

i"i

b e fi

c.

.i.

!!

r os tr

:i.

c e ri t,

p 1 s I'l e

3r o

odd

These

mode

t^

BV V ow

q T- o ij ri d

the

ri

ffe

t^

|:)

"

tr

e T- a t e

:i.

th

of

IJ

r"i

that

sed

i..i

c o ri d u c? t o r

he

1 i

the

ri

th

des

cent er

ri

"

c:

i.

If

th i

I'l

:i.

t Ji

<:>

ii

es

e 1 ee

tr i

two

qr ou

i.

the

uctov

r'l

R e f e t^ e

b^-i

m de

T Hi M

c:

P or t

on

te

;i.

i;;^

o r\

effe

and

p 1 e

;i.

se

:i.

I'l

:i.

u ri t

;i.

t \\ e

m cj

i"i

Re

I"

i"i c:-

pp

a ri d
f-.)

.1

?i

c: en

er

i.

c^ ri

mpo

p 1 a

tou

:i

b<

c^

-,

es
:i.

:>

b ri d

i"i

^r>

<u<

sv e

:i.

.1.

defiried

ot

th

ii

q ue

of

a
i

c?

ve

i.

op e

i"i

I'l

e ri q h

"i

ectr

ov

c:

t-

of
ap

fr om

on

mi

ro

tr

ah

r ted

lii

of 1 e sane s u b t r a t e a t a 90

de

the si o

of

th

\,

;;?

;<

t e ri d a

|:>

deqr ee

?;

1"\

^>

t ti e

p aat

c:

the portion of the iiicrostivLp that extends past

exact

1'::^

there is
op e
:i.

Ref

ARACTERISTICS

both

\"\

ate

o t h e T'

MICRGSTRIP TO SLGTLINE TRANSITIONS

H,

become

\"t

].

resenble coa>;ial cable* This dual sided Mici^ostr

^)

ces

two slots are b o u q h t c o s e r t o q e t e r

he

MIC R STRIP

5^13-5^15 3

pp

T e
o

tiie

i"i

ri

!l.

:i.

ri

ri

one quarter of

the
;;?

ot

c-1ee

1'

aud

ii

I'l

a1

ot

lii

t r x

a
i

"i

to

:i.

T'

;!5

ri

tlie

slot are

wavelenqth lonq* At the

ii.inctiun

reflected short in

I'l

on

a
r

i.

.1.

p r

Microstrip and

tlie

ri

c:

ed

1 i

r"i

i..i

t'

ri

uaed

a
f>

'.j

ae

a
i

I'l

a i s t

reflected
bot
m

ii

constants* the

isubsbrateis and tiiqh dielectric

thiri

Witt"!

power transfer through this type of transition is close to

CRef,

iJl
f

i'l

1 i

Ep s

fr oM

e c

sed

l,

r i c

se

f"i

syst

developed

ch

is

25

c on s

i"i

ma

IM

F^'

E D A N C: E MAT C)

|-l

1NG

Q.

qt

I..I

Match

I'l

<:i

Ve

u) cJ

P i

u3

i"i

c: ti

"i

i.

l",

ne

maq

Mpe

an

e c t

lii

mp ed

ri c^

c-1ee

es

f.<

ri

to

<'.

Jh

>

et

T h e

o r-

<;/

oV

se

i::

r"i

;i.

i.

i.

ii

ou

al
i

an

mp e

es

i.

mp eda

c;

!1.

This relationship
i

Char t

Zo

so lie who re to
quar ter

a
i

:i.

|:>

1^

th;i.

Zo

of

e d a ri c e
c

].

of

r-

I!

the

Mairvta iried

<;i

;i.

;i.

th

hes
c.^

a t- e

an d

k.

mad

has

of

oss

;;>

i.

}"i

er

i.

r-i

t c: h

ii

p e

ech

r\

o c^ e d u r e

f' t-

ri

:i.

i-i

ri

ce

ci

c)

of

;;>

,.i

hese

ue

'"i

;i.

ri

the

ce

:i.

tw

ter

;:;

ve

ri

te

i^

r'l

ed

c:

ar e

ea

Zo

the re 1

os

Za

c:

q t ii

ri

t& v

thr a

esen

f> r-

>

I'l

will,

qebr a

th:i.

at

2.

a \\ d

sh

ri

:i.

Zh

c:

the

a v\ d

beco

f\

es

7.

Zb->

is easily visualized on a riornal ized

1

lied

ca

ii

c: ii

a r t

'i

:i.

c:

ted

be on
r e 1

at

poirrt will

1 e

qh

r"i

ce

i..i

i"i

I'l

^;i

be Zb^

2^1

te

t'

i"i

|:>

i^i

th

ri

lirie
i

;;=

c:

i..i

Irav-^el

se

Char t

at Z o

ed

real

ti"ie

ti

match

Za

ri

left of center on the real line-,

r c 1 e

1.

wave

tiie

Zo

half

equals the square root of Za tiwes

SM

ches

ri

i.

The ret u r n

th

ri

e ri q h

1 i

slot is equal to the square root of the product of

the
ri

Mat

two
f

the

ri

i-i

1.

a I- 1 e T^

I..I

riatciiinq
t ii e

i"i

of

ri

o s of
ri

aM-

i 1

i"i

ij

M onop u

fi

The fin-line Maqic-tee and the

pp 5-^8-55311

l'}l

<::

b
\i

^:j

;:$

ri

:i.

i.

nq
o

ri

fi

to the riqiit of
s s e d

a b o v e

The proof of thi'S relationship is based on the fact that

B

of 1 T e

1 1

p o i nt s

the

o ri

half

eft

Snith Chart are the reciprocals of

ri

j.

ce
o

Zb

sta
ri

i"i

c:

ter
1

ar e

r'l

e fr om
o

til e

p e T- f e c t

:i.

ffere

the
ri

;;j

;i.

mp e

ce

t^ ii

:L

gebr a
a

"i

ce

r-i

cr

ri

t e t^

Sm

e1a

m b t c:

i"i

des

the

ti

r ea 1

i r

th

o ri s

i:>

"i

r oduct

brt

C";

the

of

1 i

r-i

of

equal distance points

tlie

line Therefore,

on the right side of the real

a

the

of

sc

r e

<a

as lonq as Za
1 i

u ri i t h

7.

wh

ssed

c:

r\

a ri d

Si

i"i c:-

hbs

bbov e

sj

r^

e ci
e
v

nj

odu

i.i

hi

c:-

es

Ill, FIN-LINE MAGIC-TEE

The fin-lifie Magicr-tee is desigried to Mate

fin-line horns froM Reference
a

ri

provide

To

t e n ri a

M3qic-tee and the horns,

enclosed in
i

EI r>

wh

ENGINE E F^ I N G

F"

Ma

T^

i.i

des

f a c

i 1 i t

g ri

c:

i"i

I"'

c^

to

1..I

co

pled

I.I

10,2.
i

<i

ri

1 1

) (

i 1

ca

ij ri

:l

Shar M
t
w
i

\~\

i t

p rQ

ri c: \\

i..i

M p eda

er

i:>

e
i

I'l

c-

c:

t i

!L

ri

ap

des

a c c: u

es

T-

i t

J.

as

<;)

es

e ctr

t^

-1ee

i"i

gn
1

>

ri

n-

I'l

e b

sec

of

b
c.

;i.

of

of 0,02 5

ness

k.

ri

es

i'i

a ri d

cs

ch

;:)

s 1 ots

<r>

J.

ded

I'l

mat

; (

t h o u t

used

ar e

ns

(j

I'l

he

r^

ea

1 1

o d u c

t r

i"i

\<

u g

:\.

F!

Re
i

|-|

1 i

22

i 1

ater a
c.

I'l

ri

1 1

ri

a r\ d

ri

i)

i.

ne
>

s t t^

i..i

tu

ri

35S

II

ater a

A ri

atut e

p a rail e

\-\

3 Lv

u fi

1 i

fa

i 1

ed

1)

has
2

!:;j

o
S7

i.

\-\

].

ri

"/..

\"\

i"t

o
o

aomp

I'l

:;.

i"i

Modeled as

pp

i:

f i

1 i

J.

cu

te

1 i

d e 1 ectr

and

- 1 i

i r

vi

1 1

l""

of

s e

(3 ci

cur r ent

a r

ex

i"i

mat

te r a

ter a

i.

mp

c)

i 1

alio

ap pr o

c:

of

ri

ese

a ri

ii

th

Hoefer
i 1

ox

of

ri

A r> p r o :;

1 i

:i.

r^

for

;;;

ons

j.

p r o c e s s

i"i

sea

da

ter a

1()*2

c:

ter a

;:}

ri

t e ri s i v o?

des

Magi

ri

X I M A T I CJ N S

I"' F^;

eng

T ^1 e r e f o r e

t i

I'l

A ri

A F'

the

o f

ri

or

be twee

bilateral fin-line Magic-tee

has

ch

i.

dielectric constant of
A

transition

waveguide fi>cture is developed. The dielectric

aM-

i 1

to forM a fin-line Monopulse

s moo th

th two

wi.

ri

;;j

1 i

i"i

iJ

of
t

re

i-i

ti

1^.

unilateral fin- line* Changing the dielectric constant to

3 A)

drops the ratio to 55%* The sane coMparison with 0*025 inch
thick* 200 ohM unilateral fin-line produces an 8^% ratio at

dielectric constant of 2*22 and

73% ratio with the 3*0

dielectric constant*
At a dielectric constant of 10*2,
s

ots

the

\-\

co

I'l

"i

ri

s
i"i

ose

Mped

I'l

ded

of

n c^ e

<3

Elf

ri

&twee

r\

ri

ot

ri

m c;

<;>

co

ri

is

i..i

].

sh

;3

ar gest

u ri

i 1

which is 200

ater a
f-^

ms

The
<"i

^i)

f)

ar ed

1 1

r-i

ded

o1

and

the

l^

ch
i.

ndent

tar 1

ca

6-G

cussed

q,

uar ter

w a v o?

Chap ter

ri

Two

i"i

th

is

ii

matching used in the fin- line

s

Mp

cha

ri

her

"f '

m p e d a ri c
i

<-

l'

l-l

J.

i"i

mp ed

<;? i"i

ii

ect

or

ij ri

::>

ded

5) fi

mp ed

The

he

|:>

;;)

ri

"i

i.

;i

c:

es

r i

<:;

c:

t r i

c:-

J.

of

ce

e d a ri c: e

de6
t

'n

of

e
e

than it

6-G^l:7..

ge

gebr

\'\

i^i

r e 1 at i

p eda

ri

ce

o ri s h
1'

J.

her efo

i;:-

ed

;;>

o ri

c:

ma

e
t

;i.

1 1

factov

i^

i-i

p e

\-i

i^-uagic-tee

tc

ii

ri

1 1

ght

smatch

between

t he

ots

hn

g te
i

i"

q.

p e d a n

ii

u
<;:

This technique's
out

xtu

t-

an

':)

ri

fo

y-

|-i

ou

ri

effect the impedance Matching between the slots.

be

12 -GHZ*

is at

How e v e r

unshielded slot is approximately 10% lower at

^ode

cu t

i r

c^

feet on Ifipedance

0*050

ar e

Iv

par a 1 1e1

ma 1

ef

E:

of

for the

T^

ri

s>

the

f it

\i

e m a g i c^ -

uch 1 er

ded

ri

d be

ness

V:

IL

- 1 i

Fixtures

>

l(

i"

I"!

shou

e r v o T^

be a s 1 i q h t e r r o

M ci vj
i

shou

impedance

the low

a ii d

tue

There
m

c:

^:i

i-')a'-i

r i

p-

leads

but this MisMstch shoi.ild be Miniwal

Ref.

['.

15

i033

Based on the first two engineering approxiMations

of the

all
ca

as

ated

ij

Mp edan

ot

the

in

e5

c:

1 i

n-

ne

1 i

mag

impedances with

i-i

are

c-tee

die 1 e c

1"

thickness of O4O25 inches* All of the slot line imp c^da nces
a Y' e

e x a c: 1
^

tw

vj

i"i

even

e 1 11 e d e s i t^ e d b i

c:

Len gt h

The
i

.1.

fi

1 i

ri

Imp e d & n c & s

ectr

a ri d

ca1

Modes

odd

pled si o t s

h of co

[!

Ref

p p

-^

1 -

^1

actual length of the coL.ipled slots in the slot line

u3r

i-[

p*

^t

L".Ref.
te

wave

i-i

of
1

"i

ra

eVen

1 1

e V e ri

ectr

I'l

r"i

ca

II

uch

de

s e r> a r a t

<";

! 1

;i.

ve

ri

131

l'i

for

t h e ?i e

gt

}'i

r"i

ces

ap

1"

h'l

ri

<:'

(j

1..1

't

:i.

c:

;i.

o 11

^^ '

ri

gth

I.):i.e1.ectr

[)

;:i

gic

u ri c o u p

'

tee

u e

of

the

c:

ij

ed

o1

1 i

ri

c-tee
ft

ode

i"i

<:^

II

^;{

I'l

i"i

1 11 e

ge

sj

up

for a v e v ^

i"i

hed

f)

stants

ver

ij

tn:5

o
1

<

sep ar

ed

ots

ri

fi

1
1

c:

t ii e

omp
c:

i"i

;l

n-

i.

ri

siMilar

within the Fixture

geome

e x

o ri v e

ic Ter mi nation

t o

1"'

T h e

in the f in-l iiie Magic-- tee*

'I

co

the

ds

:i.

Magic-tee is designed to be 97% of the value of

sect

e r e ri

Maon.

5 ^1 5

ectr

97%

b "^ 'I

pp

er ce ri t ^} g e

ata

:i.

of

o ri

Re

e ri g

both

de

gth

wave
ri

i"i

l(

odd

slot

ri

odd

is used

ti'iat

T' 1"

of

ge

ri

e fi q t h ?>

average of the even and odd

is the

52711
1

the Coup led Slots

of

ater a

!l.

'>q

ri

1.

1^

c o ri f

of

^h

gu

t-

1 "i

t i

ri

far

].

i ri

he

ater 3

i 1

fi

r"i

-1

ri

n-

maq

to

w a 11

uses

0*0 2

qur e

1 1

not

t^

oove

Th

i.

nch

the dielectric*

i^

shown in

ne

:i

- tee

p p o

i.i

f eajs

qr oove

The

b1e

y.

shor

hi

tu

i-

ci ri

electrical lv.j seals the edges of the fins*

EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

B*

T
M3q

he

H1

the

c o fi

1..1

i"i

T^

\-\

1 i

ma9

\-\

p 1 3ced

c-1ee

bac

to

k.

bac

5 2 3 - 527;].

n-

:i.

ue

cJ

c - 1 ee

].

?.i

i.

c-1ee

o ri

p aqe

:i.

ese

i"i

i"i

'}

dev

ected

pp

ce

p ar a I

I'l

v^

lei*

tm^

sim

<;i

e fi

1"

i 1

1 i

ri

va

i.

i r

i t

c.:-

of

^i>

o ri

11

su r

c
iiv

i"i

l-

Theoretic a 1

;=}

i"i

c t

1..1

G|>

1..1

ii

6e

('

or

f o v-

-^

r c

.1

i Ls

o u ri d e d

i-

(?

own

:i.

i-i

';::

e r at i on
sc a

Maqic-tee is illustrated

dr

Fiqure

c?

>

ri

t he

of

Nith the

e;;cei>

port tiu-ee^ the entir^e Maqic-tee is syMMetY' ic

aboL.it

extends throuqh

ttiat
1 i

r"i

i-

T Ii e

t'l

eor et

to

ideiitical

:i.

ir'i

center of the pott

ti"ie

ca1

era

o ri

:i.

th

c: T^

T^

The

ostr

ee

3nd

<i>

hi

or

e f f e c; t
f o u t^

the

:i.

i"i

I i

ve

ar e

ri

i-i

aa

ri

m ai q

t i

1 i

on of
axis

ai'i

cr ost
1

ne

t-

c-1ee

waqic-tee

[.

;i.

Ref

.1

leads froM all four ports use the

Micros trip to slot transition

w o

of

four-

operatiori of the slotlirie

tlie

The Microstrip

1 1 i

sfiield*

"f

w ^j v e 9 u

R e f e t- e

two
t^

i"i

c i v co

of

;i.

e fi

the

cji

5 2 '5

b ^j

two

to

t-

mounted

eq u

a)

i 1

he

ted

i"i

a ri d

i'-.

Re

line

fi

c-1ees

r i

("I

e
i

;:j

cauaed

o o p

so

te

discussed in Cliapter

techniqi..ie

ates
f

t--

p or ts

om each

v.<

oue

o t h&r

he

and

:}

F'

f o u

or t
wo

t ii e

>

F""

3 /' 'I

t^

of

ts
a

the short in the loop

waveleri<3th di<5t<3rice between

the

ar\d

short caused by the port three Microstrip*

Two signals that enter the coupled slots in the even

There will be

Mode will couple into port three*

phase shirt

betwee

the two

ri

9na

the

in

slight

p or t

t'i

r ee

Microstrip line* This error is inhei^ent in the design of

deV

sep a

and

ce
a

T^

ca

on as

;i.

on

ri

sma

be

as possible*

1 1

by

zed

eep

V-.

t 'n e

ng

The e v e ri m o d e

tiie
I

fi

nt
s

cancel at port four due to the loop geoMetry*

Two
Made

hase

1 i

\-\

be

i 1 1

<:}

i!i

g Pi a

ou

the w a V e u i d e m a g i c - 1 e e
^

to

p or ts

red u c e to

ue

!l.

o1

Mag
'7

a ii d

t
1

:i.

c:

|-i

4 _-

c^

'",

'7

t ["i

fi

m ag
1

tee
7

oop

two

ri

ca

ed

ca

the

to

f>

ee

he o r et

ohm5

c:

eo

pre

et
<!i

tee

t!

c a
fi

(>

(J

and

ij

op

ots

i 1

co

(?

r at i

11

sc

t^

ri

1.

(d

the

n
1.

of

i'i

matr

od

ri

hi

fo

;;

<r>

mp edances

e vi p e c: t
i:>

ohm

ve

e d a ri c: e s

Ref
1

ted

vi

ri

ms

<:?

of
T'

>

1 i

"^ J

:i.

'527

ri c:

k. 5J

wa

ots

that

c^

"i

o fi m s

for

1 "i

o h m =i

(J

ri

i 1

for

'I

o fi

respectively*

;>

Mat c h
a

he

ese

sted

mp eda
:;<

ii

fin- line Magic- tee

ti"ie

coupled slots

Liie

a tev a

].

ta

t he

of

I-;

I'I

i"i

and odd Mode in

o 11 M s

ti

t Y^ r

lateral iMpoz-dances in

i.mi

ohms

G)ven

I-"

co

!Dli2IlJ?ii.i2.<iJ.i.._I.ilB..!liiI[iCiL-I1..;L!ldALa

<

The
ac e

port

at

d e ri

t he

ter

&

The

our

e Mag i c- tee

1 "I

at

p hase

of

or t

i^

;L

de
:i.

ng
<:;!

ate

he

<3

awa

J.

<3

"

ed

c) I1 r

va

c-

t!

Ref

e c- 1,
th

Tiiese
s

^3

* 'I

are

u es

ase

the

ri

i"i

hr ee

c:

us

s i

<ii

o1

;i

i:>

|;>

i"i

e
*

re ar e

The

fou

b j s

r-

r e

at

ships

fi

impedance Matchinq within the naqic-tee*

that

r e

q.

.i.

r e

paths froM port

Tt'ie

three to ports one and two and fron port four to ports one
and two Must be Matched in the
t

}"i

M tch
I'

nq

ed ces

c o u

I-'

s&ct

e d

oup

c:

o ri

thr ee

to

T
ser

;L

mp eda

es

m e

act

t,

ii

ed

i"i

ce

an

a qu

as

match

es of

nq

t-

wbve

t^

p r ob 1 e

e ri q

70 7 a fi d 5

o t s

sq uar e

the

=i-

r o o t

he

t-

o ii m s

i t

and 2S ohMS* In all cases* the iMpedarice of

35-4

50^

or

the

cBses

ese

and odd Modes* In all of

ev(-:?n

the

o t h e r

wo

fi

c:-

inp edan ces

SLOT impe;:dance and

c.

length

ele;:ctf;;ical

ll!IiI!::!iL]LiiS._?iii^.i:Jii.

'>

C a h fi

I!!

16

Ref

10 9 Z 1

qr

;i5

I'l

s1o11

ed

ne

:i.

ed

i;)

;;;

and effective wavelenqth for dielectric can<;rtants of 9^6 and

1 1

T'

>

fr oM

die
1

()

;i.

c:

GHZ

"I

ii

i"i

t r-

fin-lii'ie
2

C'

<is

ta

'

a
th

i:)

q
i

T^

ri

o ri f

ts

ap hs

cj t^

ess

cv

c? k. ri

qur e
a

2.

a ri d

die 1 e

c^

!5

ri

tr

i.

es

t^ <;? f>

c o n s t a ri t

of

r^

and

;ij

All of the slot widths and electY-icsl

;<

t-

"(

ue

r"i

lenqths

->

I-

f)

'<

:i.

ted
a

;>

the

Maqic-tee are derived froM this information!l9.!;iB..JL.!l....$iiil!k^.

As d i s c s ^i e d
I..1

:i.

i"i

Chap ter

J w cj

o do

Mode

i.

|:>

ance

of coupled slots witii no separstiori is equal to twice their

u fi

c: (J

pled

mpeda

i"i

("

>

The

:i.

eve

separation is one

h^jlf

of

ti"ie

larqer slot [:Ref,

10

p,

355:K

i"i

mode

i.incoupled

31

;i.

mped

<;^

I'l

c:

Mpedance of

t h

tfic

"i

riew

Knorr and Kuchler lRei\

t

I'l

e1e tr

th

even

(?

"I

ri

Mat

T'

a k. fi &SS

of

2 ^5

Ma

T^

sep

M
i

:i.

i"i

ij

the

o ri / d

j. (-3

1.1

t II e

as

ri

;i.

o
1

f\

ncQ

I..I

:i.

aep
I..I

ri

ci

i'i

F"

r-

<^

a
I'l

r"i

"i

v-

^;>

I'l

I'l

I..1

T^

1^0

a s

p a r a t

f t^ e

<:i

uenc

q u re

-^l

va

Th

ar at

].

o ri

of

ot

c e ri t e r

v/

on

ij

<-i

J h

>

^.i

of 10- G hi Z

ri

o ri - s t a n d

eq u

:i.

\i

(is

'1.
:i.

i r

a
:i.

:;;:

'I

the

-r

i 1

>

mp ed

tw

s*

ce

ea

c;

i""i

i"i

eaa

ij

va
r v

ec
].

tr

:i.

I'l

mp e

uea

of

fov

c
i.

co
ii

i"i

i"i

ed

"i

<;>

c:

;i.

ota

fr om

xer o

die 1 e
on

Fiiaaed

i"i

<

i t

r a v

^:^

'>

c:

o 'f

v a

i 1 1 j

'^

>

F"

'i

ese

en

1h

f>

ed

:;::

;!5

i"i

c?

wi.de
a

\"\

&

of 2^0

vali.ie
1

he

r'l

r\

as

od

to

v^

ri

re p
1

*:,'

v a

c^

;i.

The

/D

tr i

^;<

er o

Hi

<::i

ci

!.

f'

i"i

atr a

\"\

ox

a
t'-

I'l

on

re

<;}

a n n

\"\

<;} i;;

of

<;:

fi

ii

'J

1 1

<;{

m
t

1 1

;;)

ii

p r o

<:<

i.

r"i

the
1

e
;j.

arisen between

f o r

aep ar at

he

trial and error,

c o r\ a t a

pp

't

and

<

ue

qur e

:i.

cvorip

1 1

i"i

b'-.i

(J

;l.

the

d ij c: e d b '< t h

a v b

choae

p 1

\j

be

c:

eta are deter rimed

a],

ed

to

ri

't

node

odd

r>

of

<?;

e c:

cj

on

eve

tw

ates

;i.

.0

t tie

of

nf

i.

cor r e

that

for

nq
to

ri

ue

:i.

m p e d a ri c e

ver s

fov

-'+

ap p vo b c h

zed

1 i

The

t'-

c e

qur e

nesa

ri

the

c: k.

F"

cor r e ap ouda

p r oc

e r r o v-

r\

ri

1' ii

>;>

thia procedure*

ii'i

i.

m p e d cJ n c e

ot

se

ot

th

ot

i.

z e

ed

!!.

ce

:i.

(j

r"i

coupled

;i.

np eda

i..i

I't

ectr

ota

'the

F"

;i.

T'

>

1 11

eda

p>

o ri

nor m3

pled si o t s

cou

Mpedance of each slot* The (AaxinVMA

I'l '^i

cur Vea
;l

;i.

uaed

I'l

ed

betweei'i

'i

ame

^i

[)

:i.

r at i o

up

;i.

t e

uncoupled
:i.

<s

e d a ri c; e

I'l |;)

I'l

;i.

:i.

ra ti

<-:i

1 i

and

c ii e s

zat

1"!

arid

p 1 o 11e

i"i

of

np ed3nces

of 11

is

on

T e n o T^ M a I
i"i

Mode

o <id

nstants

c:

fo

ri

5^53 qrsphed

5^^*

pp*

13:

't )

I'l

i..i

r"i

:::

ced

o u
i..i

!>

v e

e d
a

i"i

ri

Va

i Kf>

edance

3s

iii

<3

Va

1..I

OhMS

i"i

ed

of

ue

his v a 1

of 2

< F"

i..i

zed

''^

T^

i 1 1

3r

tr

;i.

Met

-h

ca

o IJ 1 a t e d

( F'

l",

'H

i.

(]

;i.

:i.

I'i

f"i

to

i;i

ri

1 i

o r M cj
1

n p e d ci

I'l

fi

ma

:i.

;:

ri

F'

ed

c ou
1

to t w i c e t h i s v

i"i c:;

,1

}>

\.\

;i.

:i.

F'

equa
the

:i.

:2:

c o ri

c:

n o T^
1

i^i

q ij r^ e

'I )

e d c5 n

f>

ue

?.i

pie d

.1

(:^

:l.

a1

|:>

66.

zed

o }i m a

ed va 1 ue

ha

eda

tant

fi

:l.

l"(

ri

of

ces

va
(

I'l

i..i

e
;5

t-

of 2.0).

<;i

i"i

me

\a

ue

qur e

owe

o r- m 5i
)

<

i"

32
e

p e d a ri

66

'S )

|:>

o v- 1
v ^i

he

i..i

p p

i.

c:

;i.

i.i

ow

ed

i^-i

i;)

e t-

|:>

v e i-

iii

c:

'3

<;>

ed

the

or1

ta

<;i

ze

of

ze

'

i;>

ii

^;>

^;i-

oh

of 1^0)

aca

of

5
r\

ohn

ar e

'\

i-

va1ue

t ii

:l.

zed

!L

zed

ri

ri

fi c:

wi

oup

ed

:i.

mp e

be t h e re

1 1

the correct valne is selected

ohns. If

1^11-'^

:;! i..i

ri c:

t^

ed

atep

S/D

of

0.56 1 3
14)

v ns

1 i

Ma 1 1 zed odd node impedance of

0.28 ohMS.

j.

noy^

e d f r o f\

ri

iL

zbd

of

(!) i"i

i 1

1 i

ohm
1

th

m p e d ^i n t^ e

ormb

'5

868

of

1 1

o b t ^j

t cd

J.

ms

I'l

Millimeters) for this

(0'K)''IO

12.

de

tm;j lo

ri

w
r

widtt'i

the

;i.

of

he

an S/D is picked tliat corresponds to an odd Mode

-^ ,

ri

near

MP eda nee of
t

et

fr on

e rj r
I'l

r d

o ht-'is

f o r
i

Fiqure
i

d i e 1 e c: t t'

<;5

c:

fv ow

Th

r^

n p e d a ri c e

c ij v v e

t"

J.

f o T'

The

set eq ua

Second^ the slot

a

m p e d a n c: e

(100 o fi m s

1 i

used for

is

ohms

n o t^ m cj

T ^1 e

10

i"i

ri

orma1

:i.

This equates to

zed eve
art

r'l

oh

r\

o ri e

he

J.

li

Ic'll'^l

actijal

de

;i.

everi

;i.

eve
a

;<

;:s

"i

!^

<

corresponds to an
mp e

a ri c; e

f
'

'^}

J.

-i

Mode inpedaric^e of

Fourth

process is repeated until the scaled

thiiii

version of Fiqure

produces an odd Mode impedance of

1^1

ohMS and an even Mode inpedance of 70

S / C)

T h Gve

S/D

sp ec

i-i

|-i

II

cr

s
(::

i-i

es

I-

t e t^

i)

1 i

;:::

=>

ta

i"i

the

i.

mp edances

i.in

i'

m p e d a ri c: e

r e 1 a t i

12)

onsh

and

or

actua 1

I'

he

co

r e c^ t

3383

w i dth

s1ot

t^

S/

1.)

eve

t'l

sluts is 0.0105 inches (02659 mi 1 1 iMcters

fr on

step

0*635

IT

st

J.

Mi. 1 1

to

deter m

Meter

:i.

cu

'1

0,013^

i.

(';>

mode

i"i

].

q1

ri

'i

13)*

I--'

As

ve

t-

i.

i"i

F"

i"i

:i.

i..i

ot

t'

wa

v-'

the

T'

A
t

;l.

ee

1'

-^ *

<:: ii) !L

i"

i.

or

Va

<;;

].

of

the

of

t II e s e

oMp

I..I

ues

ca

ri

ri

f i

'I

at

|:>

k.

ed

rr

<;)

tiie

!L

ri

qth

p r u p e r-

<::

ussed

the

vi

:i.

<-^

ed

r"i

re p

off

ots

1 i

v-

T ii

do e

i"i

of

cas

'

these

of

va

<:^

ue

i.

ure

c^ ii

ar t

iis

uaed

to

ho

ar

<:?

-{

foot

>;>

i-

'i

used

is

two

I'l

ee

"i

3
w

bq
a

r'l

d
(

he

1 i

cu

q e n crated

t e T'

a t- e

coup

FIXTURE DE-SIGN AND

D*

he

qth

ri

1 1

f (T o t

per- s

;i.

The

>

approxiMati(jns sectioii* 97% of a quarter wavelenqth

fo

&

the

!i

0*5132 tiMes the free space

value for an S/D of 0^n.87 is

w3Ve

"i

each

1*5320 for the odd Mode. The actual distance between

The

coup led impedance that Matches

The

meter s

1 i

].

th

sar-ie

is 9 2 3 o m s

ed

con

laM-1

Er.psi

u ri c o u p led

one

\i

that prod u c e

3 -^

;>::

e 1 ectr

F"or

on

ohMS for the

1-^1 ^'l

;-::

mo
v e r-

<;>

i.i

i^

op u
:i,

"i

A3

f o r

se

('

'i

the

E:

ii

stem
f

;<

Eii

I...

m a q
*

ur e

3^1

tee

15
:i.

^:;

;L

;i.

sc a
1 1 1

s
1

tr s

dr aw
t

:i.

ri

ri

F"

i,

o f

q u r- e

t
1

ii

e
*

The fixture is consrtructed froM WR--90 coF>per wavequide*

inch deep and n,02?j

The two Mirror insqe halves have 0020

inch wide grooves in all three of the edges of the Joininq

s e ci M

two

J Y\ e

a T' e

ij t'

e3

se

ri

etched

i.

t ii

i.

nto

p 1 ace

ri

"r.i

of d e 1 e c t r

o ri s

the

Then

qr ooVes
fo

sect

cr ostr

t ]i e

of

m i c rest r

a
m

ri

c:-

de

;;$

1'1

a u ri

ar e

so
r

t' t-

i p

J.

hers

f o t-

red

se

qe

o t hi e r

p o t-

ts

the

cj

c.^

aced

o ri s

e c: e

so

d e r^ e d

>;h

1'

ectr

me

of

aud

r o s 1

c-

th

thr ee

vo i d

to

ri

on the inside*

After

the

two

ij ri

fixture is bolted together

II

or

i.

ri

all four ports*

P 1 a c e
1

au

I"!

i"i

"".i

er

ot

i"i

<;;

Witii

ii

de

a1

qn

:i.

re

cr ewed

<;;

does not provide

=;

3n

ed

desiqn*

t}"iis

xtu

At this point*

ace

th

the launciiers for

attached*

pov^ts one and two are

1

ar &

r s

ii

whe

rr

to

ri

} i

;i.

:i.

;c

29

1.

a u ri c

fo

e r- a

launchers are held

tfie

bo

re*

ted
T

ii

t o q e t ii e r
i

<i;

:i.

Jhe

reme

r r an

"i

satisfactory electrical corvtact betweeri

the fi>rture and the launchers*

T ii e

ho

a 11 ac
co

I'l

:i.

II

ed

1.1

r-

\"\

Maa m d

t u T^ e

):

qe

mo

t o

at

o ri

ij

))

nt

p r o

i.

;i.

<;;

;<

V-.

t u

vide a

ed

to

re

ac

ii

qood

:i.

;i.

ep t

ri

iJ

SM

mo

qe

t h

s m a

e c t t-

c.

lj

i"i

I.

658

ted

ac

k.

o ri t

ar e

1q

T h

ri

wave

t-

ostr

:i.

--

s c r e u a

!l.

<:;

52-

be

wee

a
i"i

the fixture and the connector.

E.

'

i.li2t:t.fid.....S

'

1' II

11

magic-tf-e design

f'-jn-linf;:

p o

r-

e
t

I'l

T^

i.de

of

e fi q t h
ee

:i.

the

c r o str

to

i:;

the

3/

-I

of

p or t

a
fou

t'-

c;-

ri

fr om
*

The

width of the loop slot and the separation between

halves of the loop

two

the^

operator adjustable variables* The

aiM?

coMputer prograM (Appendix A) calculates the lenqth of the

portions of the loop? and adjusts the lenqth of the straiqht

section

the loop to keep the overall lenqth

ir'i

to 3/^

eqi.ial

of a wave lenqth*
top

The

vastly dirferent*
e

<:i

ua

to

;L

I",

A
s ane
c.

T^

i 1 1

t^

c o T\ ri e r s
-^5

1 i

sect

:i.

deqrees* In

d
a

r\

\~\

he

i"i

e y. t

ne

r"i

these

of

t e b e ri s

of

].

th

the

i.

;;{

ri

fi

b e ri d

at

ed

ots

a r- e

s1o

thr ouqh

b e ri d

of

c:

o ri s

be ri d
r

u c:

be ri d f r o m

t he

of

ar e

J.

set

ed

co

t f)

om

t-

:i.

ri

;;<

:i.

er

<:j i"i

er

ci

e t-

ot

ii

i"i

deqree bend, the offset anqle is 22*5

-^'5

east as

e n q t h ?i

ri <i

qree

two

deqrees* This ar r a nqeMerit irisures that

be

oup

c:

calculated quarter wave lenqth is

Thie

he aver aqe

M a ri ri

ri

t ii c^

by

bo11om

and

de

J.

as

sh

1">

slotwidtn in

tiie

ots

t h st

esd

ated

:i.

tiie

th

ri

(.

these

of

1 1

t^

at

ri

p s

are

c:

au

'-i

I'l

coriputer proqraM which draws the Maqic-tee

slots

Ti'ie

w:i.

f o

lead to ports one and two are spaced

tfiat

de apart for the ficst two Msqic-tees and closel^;< toqether

1^

t h e

I'l

I'l

r d

;;s

c-tee

and

fo

edqe

e
J.

sqsteM? the

i"i

o
e

f
'

the

th

:i.

diiiitanc-e

;;

<i)

tur e
q

froM

r-

In Maqic? -tees one and two?

SMsteri,
f V o iA

fi

i"i

:i.

ne

ii

o ri o p u

the slots are 001

se

ii'icbes

c-

tlie

tee

ri

the

slots to the

3<

:i.

I'l

- 1

i.

ri

r"i

op

j 1

fi;;tuT^e qr oove

se

is

twice as

thB

3s

r q e

<-:3

b ^ t w e e n

stance

he

At

one quarter of

ll^-^-GHZ these di<5tarices are one half and

The half wavelength short and the

wavelenqtht respectively

the edges of the

quarter wave length open effectively seal

fins within the slot*
M i (- r o s trip

The

Si

dths

&
the

of

ostr

t'

].

:i.

nes

Saad's iiicrostrip iMpedance graph CRef* 17

are

f'

The transitions froM Micros trip to coaxial cable

u

i"i

Q u e

[>

met

f o

ci:

the

on

i 1

o 1

1 i

-i

de

"I

co

f larked
j

at

the

1 i

I'l

to

u ted

<r>

gro

i..i

ri

ane

;L

p a v- 1 e d

(a

"

i"i

ci

"

hap e

^;>

is

lesser angle. The flare in the wicrostrip

is

otc

I'l

:i.

i"i

t^

:i.

m p e d a ri c^ e

ever

at

p o

'-i

he

i"i

II

i"i

ou

ri

p I a

r'l

iij

:i.

^1

ri

r ees

<:^

The

c^a x i

mum w d t
:i.

f i

of

i"i

fi

o tch

at

ed

degree angle in each direction* The total angle of

9

Near

ri

is

t h e

the Microstrip

At the sawe ti^e the width of

1).

(Fig**

ad

ector

i"i I'l

ar<.-.^

o f

dielectric acts as the ground plane for the ciicrostr ip

1

rom

117"!

p*

t s k e fi

notch

ti'te

accur a

!::

at

f "i

inside edge of the fixture* At this point? the widtii of the

ri

otc

ii

)<

act

ma t

'::i

c^

hes

the

amet

of

t^

ii

ho

i..

fixture wall* which exactly Matches the outside diaMeter

1

1
-I

e d ie 1 ec

tr

;i.

c^

i.

h i ri

t fi

a ri g e d

au

I'l c.^

h e t^

Yi

of

The Magic- tee dielectric extends tfn-ough the hole in

t II e
a

1 i

;i.

|-i

Xtur e

M e ri t

a ri d
t

he

to
i

ches

ri ?i

de

the
wa

1 1

a u ri c^ h e r
of

the

'

;;;

d
ii

;i.

e
e

].

ectr
d

o ri

:i.

the

j.

c:

th

o a /.

;i.

a1

cable

3ns it ions SMoathly through the launcher to the edge

Iy^

of the ground plane notch*

T h
M

ri

zes

li

to

r o s t r i p

c:

ys

ca

Vri

scont

n.

coa

;<

nu

ties

inductive or capacitive reactances

1

Bck

T^

t u re

;;

c t a ri c e

wa

A
t i"i i

s
p

v^

Mp

;i.

ect

BAS

oMp uter

9872C

F-'

't '5

ag

c-

;l

o11e
e e

fo

c:

I'l

zes

1^

he

LF^ef.

b a ri d w

at

cou

IBJ

p*
t h

d t h

;i.

t^

ri

;=}

u s e

r\

95II

This

ouqh

the

J.

{:5

;<

th

tr a

MANUFACTUF'vING PROCESS

F*

ma

c3b

o u

er

F"

t'-

^l

t,

:i.

comp uter

Comp u

he

1'

T^

1:)

i"i

cj

mes

t,

F-'

r-

o9r

p h

uv

t"-

the

<a

ded

i.

a\,.i

actua

des

aw*

cs

!";

wr
M

(!)

si

2:

t,

:i.

te

o ut

&

adap

i"t

1 i

c:

outline is filled in bn hand* using black Marking

conp

dr aw

eted

r'l

<.;;

r-'

n o t o g t- a f> h i c a

1 1

r ed

1..1

r'l

F-'

F^

F-"

the

o f
1

for

ir>

i"!

te

\"\

contr o 1

t h e

gn

1"

<

i"i

The

p(;^ns^

ced

The negatives, which bv& exactly 1*1 scale, are used as

etch
e

of

i"i

ug

Live f o

r-

<^

cr

:i.

ap

<;i

o fi e

The
b e t w e e ri

ri

egat

at
;;$

i-i

fi

ega

the m i c r o s t v

r'l

f f e r e fi c; e

Port

V-.

sect

two

these

;=)

:i.

|:>

sec: t

the

two

r-i

Ves

o t^ t

wo

("

of
I'l

ri

eg

:i.

fo

t-

a ri

be

i.

;;:?

e
:i.

t i

do

be

^<

ectv

ve

';>

side

i p

3.

fo

ve

ri

c:

i.

du

1'

;i.

j.

ng

1he

g ri a

f>

ti

::)

ot

to

d
a

1 i

de

po

g ri n e

tab 1

ght

1 i

i. <ii

tap

b ^<

at

I'l

a
s

fi

ed
t

on

twee

1e

tr

t'-

that

or

i.

m e ri t

to

be e c h&<:\

etc: h

:i.

i"i

i"i

<;:

;i.

p v o

\-\

the

<i

te

d e <>

b e t w e e ri

t
T

or

r"i

ti

ri

ph

ate

s
at

::

es

p 1a

^v

e
The

cor^pleted etchii'ig is tiand cut and sanded to fit the fi;;ture.

38

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

G,

siMplified version of CAD (CoMputer Aided Desiqn)

A
1..I

Bed to d

Mo

ri

op

se

ij

the

aw

T-

ou1

systef

ri

of t h e> m a q i c - 1 e e and

A f* P e n ciix

1 i

This

p r ocess

^r>

1 i

ri

qr

Y -d
I'l

or

1 i

i r

ect

The
Por

i"i

(])

ta I

or

qir

of

fo

sta
e T- e

I..I

ri c^

.i.

i r

t^

q t^

3re

:i.

"I

ri

:i.

ri

the
p

d
1

qr

i.

po
1

i..i

1 i

hov

:i.

ri

de f

I'l

;;?

t,

'

I'l

ri

:i.

es

set enual to Xc

or

the

an>j

ri

he

t e r s e c; t i o ri

e ;( t e

J.

ri

ed

t-

d
bi

i"i

Xc

Yv<.

I'l

1 i

ri

:i.

c.^

ri

ri

'<

li

ri *

t i

c:

ree

ar

q vri

!~>i

be

he

es

but

<;>

1"

sb

i-i

ded

vav

ri

:i.

i.

or t

b<

>

ri

>

ed

ri

:i.

t'

coordinates* If

(..mique

of

i.

Every

Xa

ver

at

ca

"i

th

dr aw

is e qua ted witli

he q

s? ri

startinq at one^ and assiqned its own

p

vert

are d e f
f

star t

<:;

is assiqne)d two

a n d

t e r <s e c t

nes

es

on

wher e

i"i

zont

i.

the

i"i

on mo t o

ts

ch

;i.

wo

es

label

Ya

t hi e

same

the

i"i

ec

:i.

ne

1 i

i"i

th&

p o i

Each

e c t i o n a d at

cr ostr

iii i"i

X-d

the

r"i

ii

me r ous

I'l

t iii

'I

b e t w e e ri

es

ar e

po

i.

ne

ri

z o ri

t,

wo

es

ri

ri

tarts

establishing an inaqinary "X, Y" Cartesian Grid*

siqnificant point that defines the drawinq

is

d Yv

TiiJ.

;>

e ri

i.

is

procedi.,ire

repeated for every point that defiries the drawiriq*

The awkwardness of this approach is More
two
Maq
1"

i,

o1
wo

ke
i

'1

c^

':i

advan13qe

tee is

owed

':j

ver

D Fv A W

F"

<;>

^i

X 2.

<,

J.

i;;

the

easy

to

Y2

d t^ a w

w
=>

oq r

v-

te

he

^i

c:

ii

a t

d r

o m m c5 Ci d

r'l

a ri

;:J

variables is chanqed

I i

fi

fv om

po

i.

c:

ad

ri

;<

V E.

ii

by

orfiiiet

ti'i<^;n

to

<:;

po

h e

:i.

I'l

The

wiien

co

r"i

|:>

er

the value of one of

i'l

c)

p s

tiie

most

a m ^5 1

qe

o c: c; ij t^ s

OrilH

ovie

in the proqrsM has to be chanqed to adjust the width of

11 fie

any slot* All of the qrid lines that

variable are

automat

ca

1 1

affected by this

av(.^

adjusted as the pro q

am

t^

e y. e c u t e d

Once the proqraM

written^ this approach is faster

is

than rouqhly sketching new ideas by hand* Accurate scaled

dr aw
('

ew

1-1

aft

"(

show

nqs

ri

co

uMbeV ed

ii

1 i

ri

"i

i..i

mer ous

var

the

hout

I'l

;i.

he
:i.

c:

o1

].

!o

ri

fi

ts

hat

cm:)

i"i

(::

pe

t i

can

i"i

be

comp

t^

aftsm

t s

t'l

for

ha

of

oqr am

r> t-

to

r-

i-)

o11er

p 1

r an

to

Each

The

var

i.j

ri

c o m p e ri s a t e

ii

ad

m a

variable fudqe factors that

Po

iij

eted

o t-

:i.

p e ns ive

;<

ter

uter

p o i

I'l

j.

omp

c:

I'l

utes

ri

ri

:i.

f
i

ab

ii

ahed

t ii

;:*

es

for

a ri

dr aw

ad

Y^

c:

of

1 f

th

e r e

t i

th

iii

ri

i.

c k. ri e

:?,

*;>

I'l

of
("'

<:}

e u

operator can assiqri to any

tlie

u ri

acc

k.

i..i

nq

ts

i;i

es

odu

;;)

i.

iii

measuv ed

fo

1 i

i"i

ri

tr

:i.

ed

c:

unde

dth

of

b
a

i-

th

plotter's pen and the fudqe factors are adjusted at this

t

:i.

Me

T
f

i"i

>

ii5

1 i

de?

Is
cop

sane

e
ri

it
^:i

a c c u T-

hor

conp u
i "i

in'te't^act

Ti'ie

qi..ies

I'l

ons
W
a

k.

;;)

te

"I

"i

p r o

er
'I,

he

"i

t'

am

;i.

r'l

i-

aws

I'l

c:

ns

!l.

draft
i

;(

].

"i

;;?

r;

^:ii

-ii

Whi.

c^

~ t ee

the

;>

tew (A p p e

r'l

ij

j. ;;

strinq of

ch dr aw ii'iq is to be
to be d

ot

or

ok-

SMOotfi copy'* The lines on the sMooth

der ab

(A i^ p e ri d i

I'l

asks the operator

ve proqraw

s i de

mo o p u s e

These questions include;

roi.iqh

't

ri

cr ostr

qer

^H)

to

|:)

i-

i. i;i

aw

i..i

t^

r^

aw

ri

e x t r e iA e

i"i

^:j

The prograM can add

of the d r a w i

bo11oM

This ruler is use d to

ri

scaled three inch ruler to the

ace u racy of the photo red u c t i o ri

the first

^i

otogr ap

accoMplished by
e

)(

eMp

H,

wor

ii

The

ru

order*

k.

er

p r e c

ed

wo

ri

Naval Postgraduate Sc^hool F'hoto

the?

the

c: k.

o ri 1 h u

was

The

ch e

r-

is

L_ab

ar y

r<E:SULTS

Fixture

As
not

p r

oV

de

scussed
suff

^'i

Mod i f i ed f

:i.

;<

tur e

or

e c t t^

qi

<3

scr ews

th

t'

cont

zi

i"i

The flanged

>

eut

fixture

la Line hers and the

to

a b (j v e

l:

r-i

y^

ve

de

i:i

do

I'l

ty between the

which attach

Jacks?

so

i.

);

s p r ob

t hi i

em

The soldered Joints in the fixture cat^e Bpar\, on two

o a c:

sio

co

duct

fi

s e a ri

r'l

R&p a i

s
i

nq

f>

5uff

<5

co

\"i

ob

T^

:i.

fi

i:i

<!=:

c;

o t

eM

ap p

wit

i"i

ao

;;>

:i.

t^

extreme 1 y
of

es

c: (j

enough
|:>

ved

ort
b

p r e

th
so

^^

t-

p per

o (j s e ri

fie x i b i 1

the
1

=;

to

e fi t

to the

Due

doe

:i.

ad

iii

i;i

ee

der

t^

i"i

ng

i.

ii

;;>

r-i

i 1

ri

to

ma

k.

ou

he

t"-

due
re

Eps

c:

ace

of

ty

:i.

he

1'

an

ff

i.

o
-

a u ri c

ii

!.

<;:;{

(:i

1
-i

red

the

ect

he
f

;s

>:

:i.

ood

cr qs t
e

r-

f>

v-

!L

:i.

ob

r i

I'

to

ur e
c.

i-

f
;

c T o a trip*

("i

slut region^
Other thari

oop
Tiie

tiiat:>

of

th

f\

;i.

c - tee

tap e r s

sec o fid Magic- -tee does

the

firviit

riot

two Magic- tees

'{

:i.

ri

iiave

ari=^

the

coup

tfiis

led

taper*

identical*

The f

:i.

m a <5 i c - 1 e e

r st

e-?

in t e s t

str oyed

i"i

1'

he

soldered connection on port four ripped the Microstrip off

of the dielectric when

screws that attach the launcher

Ivhe

to the fixture were tiqhtened*

Pre
w ere
t

T^

ef

t^

naq

ect

^^

r ef 1 ect

or

to this

f>

r i

ar e

the

ri

qh

1 i

cond

on checks on a scalar ana 1 ^x&v

damaqe

m zi q

c-

J.

t 1

r s e

(n

tha

I.I

s 1 ot s

he

re

ar e

1 i

T^

Pr

I'l

ohab

he

or

th

cj

>

<;::

[-i

e ref1e

II

ase

err

se

t i"i e

e t c \\

(.?

sh

c3used

c:

the

ri

ons

fov

:i.

a r

ee

i-i

c:

ead

to

es

f-i

p or

r"i

t,

of

de

ri

'-.i

i"i

o fi s

|:>

ri

br e

fts

assoc

t i

np r o

e t^

r ocess

mo
w

:i.

:i.

port

t^

w (j

ar e

c?

u r

^i.

ij

<

c:

two

two

i.

('i

T h
ri

f
i

;i.

<?,

1' i-i

>

t'

pt

the

of

illustrated

c.

'

t ij r e w s 1

;;

is

-1ee

m e ri t

c:

maq

ted

:i.

b, ri

t li e

actual scatter ii'iq Matrix for this device

F

v ef 1 e

The

d.aSiii;iX.L_Jl!=Li:5.Li!.^L__Ly.9.

'

c~tee

nary

tee

c-

ons

T'

Maq

per f o m e d
5

1 i

:i.

(:5

iii

q ii
b

t'

eq t v s
;;;

i.

-.

'''

'

J.

;<

I..I

of

we
e

1 1

I.lj.L...

T II e

t li e

wa

1 1

T^

discont
set

!l.S.i.f2_:Ll.i5..!ji!:i!:li^.iil:

J.

i"i

ni.ri.

:i.

|-i

'^

how

ri

I'l

Bti

:i.

o
i

ii>

e ri e s s
t

\-\

fi

de
th

acti.ial
ri

f"

q ij re

seco

tiie

the
i

of

he

ty wiiere

The
:i.

:i.

f:i.

;(

ri

i"i

maq

i.

c: -

t \\ e

o ri
uu

;i.

I'l

and

tee

causes

terwiriates*

;rture

tuv &

d i s c^ o

or t o

ty

t \\

i.

rd

T ii

<;i

;:>

;i.

a ri

^;>

i:>

r'

trie

a r e ri

slots were

Tiiese
aq

to

ota

1ee

hop es

scatter inq watri;; for

17,

ri

- t

ee

^?

tirLrd

ti'ie

J.

so

I'l

s iii

i"i

Msqic-tee

e 5< t-

p e t f e c: t

phase shifts* However

the reflections are a

little higher

than they were for Maqic-tee nuMbejr two*

The actual phase and Maqnitude froM 8 to

1.2

-GHZ for

each of the 16 points in Maqic-tee nuMber three's scatter inq

Matrix are illustrated in qraphical

33*

.:>

forri

in F"iqures

18 to

FIN-LINE

i-^-

DESIGN

A*

T
f

I'l

:i.

|:>

:i.

ri

I'l

arid

n c)

op

i.i

'i

;;$ >::>

tbe

ii

acB

M
I..I

i.

i"i

and

or ns

3
V

II

te

II

II

:i.

i"i

i"i

r-i

I'l

in Reference

twe

of

tbe

sa

tbe

i-i

wave

ii

I'l I'l

;i.

;i.

1 1

te

I'l

ri

op &

p a1 1e

ij

T"-

<!)

l'

I'l

-T

w ii V e

b
t

r)Q ri o p

c-1ee

11e

ij

tj

;i.

s&

n a t

i"i

ma

t c::

:i.

I'l

ef

et

tiie

iri

i.

ri

tb

::i

-1 irie

tbe fin-lLrie

in

not

ri

i.

o P

ri

are driven

ahstem

1 1

:i.

The w i d th

>

the

iiorris

enqtb qeoMetrq of

J.

'

9872C

i^

ri

ri

r-

as

:i.

cco

s
ri

d r a w ri
f-i

oo

<;s

\.-

ae

At

>

ri

i r

both

1'
i

'i

ea

::>

e ri

<:<

ed

of

ov.it

tbe

ri

3-

;l.

ri

i;j

;i.

e t' e f o y- e

t ii a

dielectric* e;;cept tbe

tiie

i.

ii

cj

p p

slots and

tlie

;:i

p e

l'

.-

f'l

fviestr-o^ri. iiq

>

betwee

T-

leak. iiio

froii

Mete

qa

1'l

s t a ri c: e

<:::

F-'

fi

p a11e

j.

ri

of

Tiie

as

J.

co

zi

two

'5*

m as q

wid1

i.

b ri d

ee

I'l

d
r

::>

ce

;;)

i"i

"i

at

7.

l-i

-^'t

1e

t li

<;<

i.

t'

i. -:;

v e 1 e ri

e c:

/A

two

tbe

of

<:>

tr i

stance
1

'i

c^

\.

E.

pr

ii

na

eq na

p a

:i.

op aqate

IImi.

:i.

I'l <;^

ta

am-

e 1 e m e ri t a p a c

is betweeri tiie

3 -- G II Z

/f

e f f e C; t i v e

riii-liiie i-ionopulii;e sqsteM

3

st e m

^i

ir>

e;;posed edqes of

w ci V e 1 e ri q t ii a
3

se

tiie

ov

1 e ri ri at

tiie
aj

i"i

1.

umber

iialf

of
[-i

-^ '

>

Tl'ie

>

i"i

l-la<n

s H a ten

dr aw

1 1

;;;:

\"i

opu

I'l

-1ee

c^

prevents enerqq
tbe

mo

firi-Iine naqic-tee are Maintained

se

a V q e T^

act

nor

loaqic-tee

tiie

ri

:i.

developed by

ot

'!> ].

r\

:i.

eM

tiarns
f

system

mongf-'Ulse;:

t.

f"i

of

ts of 1^05

The
d

:L

ectr

assoc
e

;;

c o ri s t a n t of

tr eme

dth

-p 1

l-l

of

t \i e

Bnd

Bne

- F-

sy s t eM

H-p

M o ri o p
T

(:>

arte

:i.

1.1

i"i

qa

1 e i^

"t

i r

\"\

m p

':j ^;i

of

I'l

ii

i"i

:i.

;3

i;j

11er
1 1

ri

F.:'.

:i.

<j

i"i

of

ac1

s IJ M

e 1 e \A e ri

1..1

o r ri s

f i

1..1

due

ri

t^

9 u i- & 6
e

35

to

I' i-i

T'

the

o ri s t r o c. t e d

c^

:i.

n.

i-i

<::!

I'l

th

have nearln SHMnetrical E-

-pi
1 1

monop u

f>

r-

se

].

The

ane

v^

oduce

rf

'

efo

t'-

;i.

^?

ect
e

of
t

de

i"i

H- p

de

th
.1.

<r,

a n e

ri

r'l

te

r'l

i"i

hi

-p

ned

ob

i:

^5

Iter

ri

ane

p a11ev ns

ii

1^

ri

ri -

r\

F:i.

ii"i

p a11e

11et

i;?

b \i

he

c.

om

p a11

fo

|:)

<-.}

i. r-i

t^ I'l

<;;

:i.

thr ee

qht

dB

dB

Jh

<

f o ij r-

is

m p vmj v e n e ri t

no

the

r-

qures 36 and 37 respecti vel':;;

:i.

^;^

ri

1..1

1 1

ri

:i.

li

s u m

appr o;; inatel>:! 29 deqrees left and

e n e ri t,

is

30)
:i.

ri

"i

'

c>

t'

om

I'

<

d E:
p

c;

I-"

<'.

>

op

ae

ij

qai.

tie

ove

^i*

^i

r>.

ed

!'
:i.

li

(;;

>

The

"i

"1

are sliown

s^:<steM

t-

re:sults

B.

wn

ho

ri

:i.

t,

i"i

The

["i

1 1er n

ante

or

5H

us r ated

ar

n-

f i

p a11er

2.5-^

ef

].

i 1 1

Simi

Ia

I"

eac

i"i

c',

na

of t e

t ij d e

i-i

eme

ae

s t n (jard

tj

ri

nq

ri

f>

is

hi

p a bter

ri

c o ri s t a ri t of

t^

n e p a 1 1 e r ri f or

<3

dielectric constant of

ated

d ie 1 ec

<;j

-p

EI

I'l

1..1

sp

ad

29

pattern is

<;j

1.1

ted

deq

T'

ri

the

uritn. 1

ees

siu;)wri

I'l

in

The
F;i.

c^

o ri p

ter

1 1e

c:-

v-

:i.

t"-

eap o

sin n 1 a t e d

39
s

f\

Tlie

i"i

c^

<:\

I'l

a ij m

i.i

].

effective

l^qO wavelenqths

45

p a11er

occi.ir
i

3 6)

bo r es i qlit

of

riyiit

the first nulls

qi.ire

that produces this riatch

t.i

:;*

el.

>

ri

1 f

'

'

The

<

I"
(

at pli^s
en

ar e

:i.

>

arid

er en

ewent spacinq

JY\e

f fer e

ri

port

ce

cr ostr

was

tor

off

ri

of

hi

dielectric durinq testinq* This occurred after the patterns

i

ri

so

F'

q ij

ri

:L

sted

and

36

der
F"

res

ri

vi

m sj 1

th

a ri

I'l

null* Fiqure

''10

s e c t i o ri

J.

f
'

i.

;i.

i"i

st

ffer e

t
i"i

I'l

ce

e
i-i

1 1

i^

shows

t o f>
u

the

f\

i"i

1 i

the

st

].

ri

ro

m cj ri o p u

bo

was

\a

of

].

t-

e c: o

not

r-

de

<^)

se

the

:i.

Yet

br e
st

;.;?

^-i

k.

w a 's

d i f f e t e fi c

Tiie

recorder

p>attern is satijrated

suri

rep aived
the

<;;

results of this test*

ti-ie

the

maqe

f oil

c o p f> e r

'

and the eiqht dB

cd

l,

T ii e

t a k. e ri

r ep a i r

qain is Ma);iwuMt
3qa

were

37

tY\e

cj

11om

of

th&

M C L U S 1

NS

R E C M M E N D A T I. C) N S

A l\ D

F-IXTURE

A*

signs

Corn:::- li.i

>

'

The orit^inal fixture desiqn is unsatisf act or h

t u Q
::

f r

i"i

ri

;;*

betwee

i t-~\

three and

f oui^

does

it

and

i 1

the m a q i

"i

ri

c^

provide

<;)

tee

fi

<;)

the

The Modified fixture

au

ch

whi(::h

<

<{

ii

:i.

J.

t
;:i

po

ri

1a

r-

dw

dt

Tiier ef OY'e

three

;<

tu

:i.

I.

ed

che

^;>

ri

witf'i

to
n

;i.

r-

<::)

o str

c.

;i.

t'l

tv a s

|-|

fo

iis i"i

iioles
i

|:>

Y'\

ri

r'l

^>

ri

at

p o

ta

screwed on

arid

I'l

s>

ap

m a q

f'l

eq

f> r-

j.

<-

ouqr

<;5

:i.

:;!

J.

tee

I"'

T"-

:i.

our

!;

qa

tu

;<

>

y-

r-

fijrture at ports three

Maqic- tee's qrourid

tlie

ri

ri

ii

n.

ttie

iii

at

i.

do

t-

:i.

ch

is

>

ct

<:?

3 3

and

h
*

!*

I'our

at ports

pl<;jrie

1 i

ri

I::!

of

i;s

ao

c o ri

r'l

ct

be re a

ot
a

(::

Y)

to

1 i

i.

i"'i

ij

of

e c; e
e

med
the

of

f ix
'

me

tur e

ri

'i

ew

i',

r'l

cess
es

I'l

th

of
n

iii

d e t-

qr o atr

a ri

i 1

sho

f
1

i..i

stiff or seMi-riqid dielectric

h o lj

a t r u c; ted.

out

screws^

aV
(1;

:i.

co

;;=

r"i

I..I

ca

four functiori ressoriablq well^

arid

i.

vis

ee

tiie

:>

be M -s c h
1

ectr

of

hi

1ea
r i

It

the riotches

arid

r i

effect i ve

\>.

T he e
ci

e c: t

i:as

coaxial to Micros trip launchers at ports -three

Ma

qoo d

It is

>

:i.

xtur e
A

J.

d be

the

a u ri c:

coax

1'

t'

oved

^:>

hov 1 d

tr a

;;s

c:

ri

ne

be ijsed
to

a11

si'iOi..iIu

ri c<

(.)

np

:i.

ii>

\"\

i t x

he

o ri c^

c^

ri

i:.

wh

p t

"I

ew

it

T
e

r t

"I

'

xtur e

o ri

1"

(:

'3

t Y\ r e e

-1

a s e

i"i

and the

ri

sh

:;{

!"

ap p

of

tiie

i^ef

; J.

ri

t ^i s is

s ^1 o "j 1 d b e

1 e e?

w o r k. e d

be

fi

p or a

t-

q ri

i.

ri

es

I"

.1.

maq
e

i t

f t

ne

J.

3 t

i'

e c;

:i.

(j TT

it ^>

t i

o it

IT

IT

it

Ch

st

t-

I-

ose

t o

!L

i r

t li r e e

that

a a
th&

f o ij r

a it d

the

;:5

or t

Tour til. due

l,o

tiie

i.

dj.

e c t r-

f e T-

.n

i 1

co

o t e d

ate

1..1

i"t

t i

; ;

p e

1ed

c:-

t-

th eo r e

he

ess

t i

c?

be

ca

1..1

it

t h e

e it

c\

it

ee

;i.

i"!

e d a it c e

Id

rT

|:>

o b c? b 1 <

:i.

it

it

:i.

t r o d ij c; e

it

<:<

-tee

at

it

:i.

'"i

t^

1.

l"i

it

<:>

oI'ims*

Mi.

crostrip

<:<

it

c:

;;*

it

*<

meter

>

:i.

f o ij t^

the

di.

o it a

ete

^-j

couples with two slots uiiile

ito

l^

c o mp

oup

i:i

:i.

it

tt c,

ot

>

fferent dielectric: corTstants of

the distribution of the electric field

electric is not the sa^e as the distr ibutiorT of

ce

ce

l;i.

not

:i.

it

t it

;i.

it

he

it

the

it

;i.

a
s

it

ot

die 1 e c t r

1
c;

efo
sa

m ter
iii

o b e y- v e d
^ii

at

1 1

four

p>

o 1a
f-

<

re.

Me

reac/tances probabl^:^ contribute to the

e f 1 e c:

s^j

the soldered coniTectioris on the

er fere

te

ri

'>

cr oatr

witiTj. n

i"i

tha

i-

i"i

factor s

F"

air and EpsilaM-lOv

1e

t & d e v e 1 o p m e ri

af

^^

dielectric Material is too flexible

ttie

four

a t^ e

p or ts

at

fo

o ri s

ver

a r e

s-

The port tiTree fiicrostrip

loop MiqiTt be sliqhtl^< above the desired 100

th

t his

lections at all four ports need to be reduced.

ect

n ci t

SecofTd.
1 i

des

However*

T II e r e
i

paraf'ieters

\\

sed

1..1

Conclusions

f i

fin-line: magic-tee

E:!,

ch

aa

ese

liar moitIc

I"'

<;<

e a

the

>

it

(:)

t-

u tt

c:

a?

t i

ct i

v e
^''

atche

pattern of
33

>

F^ecoMfie nda tions

Future Maqic-tees should be Made out of

stiff or

seni-riqid dielectric Material* The coMhi nation of

Material and

stiffer

new fixture design should elininate tfie need

for soldered connections*

Two new Magic-tees should he Made with

loop iMpedances of
tees
a

ri

he 1 p

wi

1 1

ec

appro

ii

de

ace

t h e

U.

the

t i fy

i"i

Tests of these

ohMS and 195 ohns*

190

u ri i

p r op er

u r a c h

o f

ater a

t r i

c:

1""!

i r

s t

oop

Two

e n g

se

c-

of

i"i

ec

mater

<3

totally void of Metal foil can be added to the

I'l

saMe

1.1

r e d

Mag

C,

uc

s t

)<

i.

ri

>

e c^

tr i

i-i

t,

t w o

he

c^

wi

ts

amou

ri

Th

>

str

but

of

F"

IN -LINE MGNOPULSE: SYSTEM

i"i

M (J

~-

e >i a c 1

e e r

I'l

i"i

ce
ri

<;>

(;;

^:<

tota

1 1

shou

s
i

on

i"i

c:

ea

t^

sur r o

ted

ectr

t:)

er g

v<

ij ri

r ove

he

ri

o
i

i.i

ch

de

de

the

ots

i:.1

'-:}

:i.

^.i

f-

m m e t r-

i"i

hi

of

;:>

th

1.

i-i

e
^<

e b ^y

the

I'l

sat i

11

r e f 1 e

ii-

:i.

of

ri

be

1 1

c o n s tant

i:::

^;;>

<r>

c^

:i

tlie

Ver

n q

o ri

e 1 ectr

T^

t,

J.

t It e

mp eda

m a t i o ri

; ;

t h e

lateral

urii

an

HZ
s

!:>

per f o r m a n c^ e of the

e
<;i

'^

1 i

Jhe

actor y

Ei:

ts

essence of

i-i

be
4

ow
)

m ^rL n

nu
t
f

ii

i.

p e a \<.

ri

;i.

e mo

t ii e

i f

p e a k

of

ii

deep

1 1

;i.

I'l

r'l

r-i

pu

f e r e ri

<:;

sum

measur ab

of 1 e s u m patter n
1' i

se

systen

e
p

pa 1

^;j

fi

r-i

:i.

1 1 e r n

I-"

;l

;i.

ii

HU)

s
<=>

at
i

c;

:i.

h
s

good MonopLilse antenna^ The Mirior firobleMS

49

caused by high reflections sho u Id be resolved

the

w^le n

fin -line naqic-tee is inp roved*

The peak,

the

ri

n-

i.

1 i

mo n o pulse

i"i

difference pattern is approximately nine

ea

1^.

ap p

T'

at

i"i

:i.

he

so

ri

ri

)(

it's sum
Mate

on h i p

S k. o

ri

n e c o m f> a r a t o r

'

r esu

der
-

ac

de t i ca 1

i"i

c;

i"i

1 1

ua

c^

^|

k.

ri

"i

t h G? s

mu

77

ri

r i

ri

[".

k.

eor e

o f> u

s
<3

se
(

F> T'

spaciFiq at
1

eM

fi

ca

<;{

l^'

i 1 1

'

cau

' <5

?.>

ustr

f"'

Co

um

;3

^=5

f"

:i.

f>

v-

3&

a11e
re

t'l

ri

ri

1 i

ri

ons
i)

f^

ri

The

<:i

ri

II

ri

1'

p a1 1

:i.

es

of

shap e
(:?

ar e

1 1

shows

11

ri

ot

r>

38

q
pe

;;)

k.

<b

r ouqh

s e c o fi d

betweeri tiiese two

iri

is

ce

hi

p r obab1 y

u a ri i t

ese
].

ri

^.-i

v- I'l

iii

o
the
bnd

;;;

\-\

].

i;v

ost

t^

t^

f^

(J

an

o6u

.i

are e v i d e fi t

e c^ o ri

on

e !>

th i

a ri d

are

the actual pattern (Fiq* 36).

oii

ri

7~23

is

ar qe

ce

fere

>

f f e r e ri c^ e

i.

ect

r-i

l")

c o r r esp on d

I'l

- 2. 8

p a11er n

ce

fer e

ef

by the

p b11er

a ri d

f^

i.

!a

if'

m
d

ri

ed

tr

Si

he

er n

=>

si

36

i..i

fer e

i f

micr o

ri

the

ri

e
r.i

.1

50

at

actijal

Tlie

Just as Sk.olnik.

F'eak.s

As disc

tha

ten'

lower than the

dE:

This

36)*

p a11er

a1

qs

f>

ed i cted

Ref

res e c t v e 1

patterri is filled

>::)

More

e c t i o ri s

k. '

i:>

E:

w e 5) k.

nq

t i

ri

k. '

syst

ed

deqreea

t four

u 1 se

S k. o

Mo

d e q r e e ^i
a Fid

e ri

to

i"i

th i

r ef 1

mo

r'l

of

p o t^

ri

the

i"i

;(

].

I'l

1 i

1er

three

p a1

s ys

1..I

s s ed

10* 3 -GHZ

ap ac

;i.

nq

is
ai r

ri

C'

i-i

ter

F'

the

1*60 wavel(-:?nqths
a

48%

of

i'l

'

li'iis

eme

dielectric* Tliese percervtaqes are probably

5

e f f e c: t

f"i

is

i.

ve

ewe

152% of

sp ac

fi..inction

:i.

ri

i"'

tiie
t

of the

dielectric constant*

Ther efor e

effective

t ii e

e m e rvt

spacing of the fin- line Monopulse systeM can probably be

controlled by proper selection of the dielectric constant*

Re CO MM e^ n da t i p n

The fin- line Monopulse systew should be enlarged to

This will Make it

include two orthoganal difference ports*

usefu

as a t a r 9 e t

di

J ]) e

ri

tr ac

n f i q u rati o ri

c:

k.

ri

shown

design illustrated in Figure

fi

i"i

1 i

fi

M o ri

e
a

f^

Di

A
t

II

ee

seM i - r
c?

"1

I'l

ii

of

se

;;(

ri

1 1

'.i

i.

ri

Mp

d F

of

t wo

<^

ue

ri

- L.

ri

c -tees

mater

ii

t e ri n a

ri

ri

F'

of

7
a

^\

3 ^j s t

four

pp

**

ri

1 Q

-23

ua

q.

- 1 i

ri

co

t r

1..1

F i

qu

Th

i.

mo ri o p ij

ri

o ri s

(5

c:

c;

II

r-

tlu;?

c an
1

9ure

p u 1 se

r\

ef

can both be adapted to

m e ri t

ar r anq

ma9

ectr

ri

ri

i"i

se

ri

e c^ t e d

cted
t"-

bt

i..t

i.

com p

11

I'l

ar a

-3

<>

i.

'.l

or a

developed in this thesis placed side by side* The difff?rence

ports of

tht:)se

two coMparators will be the elevation and the

aznuith ports for

tiie

new tln-ee port systeM*

Fhe

slim

pi^rts

will connect to the inputs of the th:Lrd Magic- tee* The third
Maq

j.

- t

ee

'

sum

|:>

ov t

i 1

.1.

be

hi

shs

em

'

sum

p or t

<

difference port of the third Maqic-tee will be loaded^

The individual az iMuth and elevation coMparators
will be electrically ortiioqonal

each twisted

should be

'^5

corif;i.

to each other

if

degrees in opposinq dir-ectians* The

ned to the area between the

horns* In this conf iqur at;i. on

tite

51

fixture

they are
tw:i. 5t:i.

arid

ng

the

two groups of antennas wx 11

be orthogonal to each other

be

sane

the

ri

i 1 1

ust

be

c.)

ij

IJ

cted

oot

V-

ated

f 1

e )< i b

:i.

p 1 a ri e

Square F'in-Line?

b.

c o ri s t r

yet all three Msqic-tees w

p 1

of

sem

F i qur e

ri

aj ri

*)

- r

i.

r"i

9.

e enouqh ta

be

i"i

T hi e

SysteM

Moriopul<:>e
1

u e

i.

et

";:j

1r

c-

d i e 1 ectr

o n o p u

i^

ma ter

mate

en

i.

uq

cj

se

.1.

^1

'i

.1

i.

t-

fi

hav
ov

;i.

de

good electrical contact between the fiicro=rtr ip lines and the

a IJ

cher s

ob

eMs 3r e

D.

d e v i c: e

so

ved

J.

v eq j i r

1 1

ass

ri

ca

r-

ef

j 1

p v od

c;

sho

o ri

j 1

the

qn

wide T

r- (j c;

qur es
I-

it

owever

ii

r"

<s

;:<

tiiicknesses

ri

e<^s

Re

be
tV

>

2.

of

qe

des

a ri d

;i.

>

;i.

j 1

1'l

be e

d
c:

sho

1 -I

r'l

;;)

].

c o

c:

:i.

<:;i

ed

to

tl'n.

i"i

t,

ttiese

Orice

ri

thesis is
1..1

be Mod f i e d
:i.

ri ^^

ta

I'l

^j

versions of

riew

tiie

;in

de

More of

to

ri

F-

d
l'

i.

1.

^j

p v o cs

p a r a m e t e r s

written

II

;;

p o

ss

fo
iri

T 11 e

r'l

r-

tiie

i"i

ent
ese

ii

i"i

ver s i on

ew
a

ted
f

forri

ri

i.

;i.

<:i

at

:i.

of

r\

n Chap te
1 1

ne

ti

t^

1'

he

t-

ri

1..1

i"i

ee

v-

12

and

Ref

lions
co

'^

ud
t^

fou

c 1

ect

eqi.ia

re

<>

es

represented by simple alqebraic

226-22 S

m i;rt e d

e r r- o r

pvobabl^:} be

sho

The data

pp

'

app r ox
i

eer

I'l

13 can probably be
I

Conclu sio ns

"

seab

easy

be

The coMputer aided desiqn portion of

1..1

ri

design

aide:d

c(:)mpute:f<

'

aliqn the sheets of dielectrics Materials

properl^:j
P

T \\

<;

r\

'5

!!l

1..1

tep
t-

c:

f'
1

<;5 1'l

of a slier t conputer proqra^*

inf orriatiori should be coMpuber ized and added to the existinq

progran (Appendix A)*

aided design

The IMP roved version of the coMputer

could

P r o 9 r 3 M

the

ask.

op er ator

What

9a

n/beam

combination is desired for the fin- line Monopulse

s^:jsteM'i'

The prograM could then recoMMend the approriate dielectric

c o ri s t a

i"i

p r omp t

i"i

the

to pi a c^ e

op er ator

the

on

p ap er

the

When the first drawing is finished* the

plottiriQ table*

prograM could prompt the operator to change the paper* Usirr)

th

concep t

.*

m a d e - 1 o ~ o r^ d e r

mo

r-i

op u

se

ta

ge

r-

antennas could be inexpensively mass produced in

da':JS

E*

!'..

-i

matter of

sum

"1

er

:i.

ffer e

1"

c:

is

11erns

exp ec bed for

t hi a ri

P r Qcess

meet

h e\i

1 i

the

in

;i.

eco

I'l

ed

I'l

c:

h a F) t e r

ob

fu

c:

I f

i.

1 1

Ve

the

The
f

:i.

'i

cr

omme

ob

gs

:i.

ob

computer aided design program

t

F'

e
e

36

t^

<::

;i,

introdi..ic t
^

(Appendix
at

i"i

ect

ve

ons

of

fi

ve

37

of
'

A)

1'
1

"i

ri

hi

i"i

on

Tiie

ar e

i)

des

b er

i.

;> ri

ac t i v

satisfies the

p r ese

i"i

snstem

monopi.ilse

tlie

the first objective listed in the

satisf'::j

c:-

thesis objectives

Magic- tees number two and three and

me;:e:ting

bet

tr

ri

thea

ted
1

i"i

:i.

^s

HPPENDIX

fl

COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING

USEE THESIS

le.

2e
3e
46
58
0
70
88
98
188
118
128
138

FIN-LINE MflCIC TEE, FIN-LINE HORN AND

FIN-LINE MONOPULSE SYSTEM
BY LCDR JnriES M.

ROMLEY

AUGUST 1985
HflVflL

POSTGRflDURTE SCHOOL, MONTEREY,

Cfl.

(WRITTEN ON AN HP-9845B; WITH AN HP-9872C PLOTTER)

M8
MISC.

138
168
178
188
198

288
218
228
238
248
258
268
278
288
298
388
318
328
338
348
358
368
378
388
398
488
418
428
438
448
458
468
478
488
498
S88
518
528
538
548
558
568
578
588
598
688
618
628
638
648
658
668

PROGRAMING INFO:

THIS PROGRAM IS WRITTEN IN "BASIC". THE FOLLOWING RULES APPLY:

BUILT IN COMMANDS: THE ENTIRE WORD IS IN UPPER CASE LETTERS.

DEFINITION OF NON-STANDARD BUILT IN COMMANDS:
ATNO: RETURNS THE ARC TANGENT OF THE VARIABLE IN THE BRACKETS.
MSCALE A,B:
PLOTTER IS SCALED IN MILLIMETERS. THE ORIGIN IS
"A" MILLIMETERS LEFT AND "B" MILLIMETERS UP FROM THE LOWER
LEFT HAND CORNER OF THE PLOTTING AREA. WHEN "MSCALE" IS
USED, ALL UNLABLED UNITS IN THE PROGRAM ARE IN MILLIMETERS.
PLOTTER IS "": COORDINATES THE COMPUTER AND THE PLOTTER.
DEC: TELLS THE COMPUTER THAT ALL ANGLES ARE IN DEGREES.

VARIABLES:
ONE UPPERCASE LETTER FOLLOWED B Y NOTHING, OR FOLLOWED
BY A STRING OF LOWERCASE LETTERS AHD/^OR NUMBERS. A VARIABLE
CAN BE UP TO 15 CHARACTERS LONG. IF A VA RIABLE IS ENDED IN A
DOLLAR SIGN <), IT IS A STRING VARIABLE DUE TO THE EXTREMELY
LARGE NUMBER OF VARIABLES IN THIS PROCRA M, THEY ARE DEFINED AND
ASSIGNED INITIAL VALUES AT THE SAME TIME THIS PROGRAM DEFINES
KEY POINTS IN TERMS OF X" AND "Y" REFER ENCE PLANES. THESE PLANES
ARE DEFINED BY A COMBINATION OF A FEW KE Y DIMENSIONS. THIS CHANGE
OF VARIABLES APPROACH WAS USED TO FACILI TATE FUTURE DESIGN
MODIFICATIONS. A FOLLOW ON PROGRAMER CAN CHANGE ANY ONE OR MORE
OF THE KEY DIMENSIONS IN THIS PROGRAM AN D THE ENTIRE DRAWING WILL
BE AUTOMATICALLY ADJUSTED. THIS IS A LIM ITED APPLICATION OF CAD
(COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN).
.

STEP ONE: DETERMINE WHICH DRAWING THE OPERATOR DESIRES.

INPUT "MAGIC-TEE <TEE); HORN (HORN); OR MONOPULSE SYSTEM (MONO)?" Dr*w ng
IF Dr*wing-"TEE" THEN 500
IF Dr*wtng-"HORN" THEN 599
IF Dr*wlng-"MONO" THEH 508
GOTO 458 lASK QUESTION UNTIL PROPER REPLY IS GIVEN.
INPUT "DRAW FIN-LINE OR MICROSTRIP SIDE? (F/M) CONT" S d*
IF Sld$-"F" THEN 559
IF S1dt-"M" THEN 550
GOTO 599IWR0NG REPLY.
,

INPUT "DRAW RULER AND COMMENTS? ( Y/N) CONT" RuUr*

IF RuUr-"Y" THEN 6e8ICHECK FOR PROPER REPLY.
IF RuI*r-"N" THEN 668
GOTO 558 lASK QUESTION UNTIL PROPER REPLY IS GIVEN.
,

INPUT "QUICK LINE (1), OR PRECISION LINE (4 ) " Li nenurabr

IF LlnnuMbr-l THEN 668
IF L(nnumbr-4 THEN 648
GOTO eeeiASK until valid reply given.
IDISTAHCE BETWEEN THE DOTS, IF A DOTTED LINE IS USED.
Sgtnt$t2#-.04
,

STEP TWO: ADJUST THE GENERAL LAYOUT OF THE DRAWING.

{
54

670
688
690
788
718
728
738
748
758
768
778
788
798
888
818
828
838
848
858
868
878
888
898
988
918
928
938
948
958
968
978
988
998
1888
1818
1828
1838
1848
1858
1868
1878
1888
1898
1188
1118
1128
1138
1148
1158
1168
1178
1180
1198
1288
1218
1228
1238
1240
1250
1268
1278
1288
1298
1308
1310
1320

THIS SECTION CONTfilHS REQUIRED COMMANDS FOR COMPUTER/'PLOTTER

COORDINATION AND GENERAL COMMANDS AND VARIABLES THAT ARE
USED TO ORGANIZE THE DRAMINC.
(COORDINATES COMPUTER AND PLOTTER.
PLOTTER IS "9872A"
lALL ANCLES IN THE PROGRAM ARE IN DEGREES.
DEC
ITHIS WILL BE PRINTED ON THE DRAWING.
Titl$-"3"
F11p-1
!-l PUTS THE SUM NOTCH ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE.
ICENTER OF DRAWING ON PAGE IN mm FROM LOWER LEFT.
Xcntr-82
Ycentr-95
ICENTER OF DRAWING ON PAGE IN mm FROM LOWER LEFT.
MSCALE Xcenler.Ycenter
IPOSITIONS THE DRAWING ON THE PAPER,
ITHE ENTIRE DRAWING IS SCALED TO THIS FACTOR.
Sc*lel
DEFINES M(n = MILLINTERS <DRAWN TO SCALE).
Mm-Sc*l*
[DEFINES In=25.4 MILLIMETERS = INCH <DRAWN TO SCALE),
In-25.4*Sca1e
LINE TYPE Li nenumber, Segment s ze
IF Linenumber EQUALS "1", THE PLOTTER WILL DRAW
A REGULAR LINE. IF Linenumber EQUALS "4", THE
PLOTTER WILL DRAW A DOTTED LINE WITH OVERLAPPING
DOTS. THE DOTTED LINE ELIMINATES PEN OSCILLATION
ERRORS, AND PRODUCES A VERY HIGH QUALITY SOLID LINE,
I

STEP THREE: DEFINE THE DIMENSIONS OF THE DRAWING.

THE FOLLOWING VARIABLES DESCRIBE THE ENTIRE DRAWING. THE REST OF THE
PROGRAM USES THESE VALUES TO CONSTRUCT THE DRAWINGS.
ANY CHANGE IN THESE VARIABLES WILL RESULT IN ALL ASSOCIATED PARAMETERS
IN THE DRAWING BEING ADJUSTED AUTOMATICALLY.
VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH THE MAGIC TEE END IN A "I" SUBSCRIPT.
VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH THE SINGLE HORN END WITH AN "h" SUBSCRIPT.
VARIABLES ASSOCIATED WITH THE MONOPULSE SYSTEM END IN AN "mh"
SUBSCRIPT.

USER DEFINED VARIABLES:

IDIELECTRIC CONSTANT. Er IS ONLY USED

TO CALCULATE THE TEM WAVELENGTH IN
THE MICROSTRIP LINES.
Lmbdazeros26. 30 6Mm
IFREE SPACE WAVELENGTH AT 11.4 GHZ.
LAfflbdad'Larabdaze ro/SQR<Er>
ITEM WAVELENGTH.
Qucoupledslotss 4998Lambdazero/'4 QUARTER WAVELENGTH IN COUPLED SLOTS.
.4998 IS 9?y. OF THE VALUE FOR A
SINGLE SLOT THAT IS NOT COUPLED.
Quloop>'.6368*Lam bdazero/'4
IQUARTER WAVELENGTH IN LOOP SLOTS.
Qwmt crostri p=Lam bdad/'4
IQUARTER WAVELENGTH IN MICROSTRIP <TEM),
Q(jh'ornslot.5216 *Lambdazero/4
IQUARTER WAVELENGTH IN 100 OHM SLOTS.

Er10.2

THE FOLLOWING DIMENSIONS ARE EXACTLY MATCHED TO THE SIZE OF THE FIXTURE;
At". 165In
IWIDTH OF THE NOTCH IN THE COPPER FOIL THAT MATCHES THE
HOLE IN THE FIXTURE THAT CONNECTS THE DEVICE TO THE
I

COAXIAL LAUNCHER.
IWIDTH OF THE MICROSTRIP TRANSITION AND OF THE WIDTH
OF THE CENTER CONDUCTOR IN THE COAXIAL ADAPTER.
ITHICKNESS OF THE FIXTURE WALL THAT IS BEYOND THE
SUBSTRATE GROOVE.
[DISTANCE FROM CENTER OF DIFFERENCE PORT TO THE EDGE
OF THE DIELECTRIC THAT IS INSIDE OF THE FIXTURE.
ILEFT EDGE OF THE SUBSTRATE TO THE CENTER OF SUN PORT.
THIS VALUE MAKES THE SUM AND DIFFERANCE PORTS
APPROXIMATELY THE SAME LENGTH.
ICENTER OF SUM THE PORT TO THE RIGHT EDGE OF THE FIXTURE.
THIS ALLOWS SUFFICIENT ROOM TO MOUNT THE FIXTURE
WHILE TAKING ANTENNA PATTERNS.
lALLOWS ROOM FOR LAUNCHERS ON RIGHT SIDE OF PORTS 1J.2.
lALLOWS ROOM FOR LAUNCHERS ON LEFT SIDE OF PORTS 1.2.
I

Bt-.8238In

Ct".83In

Dt-.22*In

Et.778In

Ft1.5In

Crt.5In
G1t-.25In

55

1338
13H0
1353
1360
I37a
1380
1390
1400
1410
1420
1430
1440
1450
1460
1470
1480
1490
1500
1510
1520
1530
1540
1550
1560
1570
1580
1590
1600
1610
1620
1630
1640
1650
1660
1670
1680
1690
1700
1710
1720
1730
1740
1750
1760
1770
1780
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980

THE FOLLOWING DIMENSIONS DEFINE THE LAYOUT OF THE MflCIC TEE;

THREE DIFFERENT VALUES FOR Ht ARE GIVEN. PICK THE flPPROPRIfiTE ONE.
Ht-l.3117*Mm IWIDTH OF 160 OHM LOOP SLOT.
HtI.674Mm IWIDTH OF 188 OHM LOOP SLOT.
Ht-2.056Mm
IWIDTH OF 260 OHM LOOP SLOT.
It-.340#Mm
IWIDTH OF THE COUPLED SLOTS.
Jt.43995Mtii
IWIDTH OF THE 100 OHM "HORN" SLOTS.
Kl-.2086Mm
IWIDTH OF NICROSTIP.
Lt-.0781In
(LENGTH OF THE TRANSITION IN THE SUM AND DIFFERENCE
MICROStiP LINES.
Ml-2.54Mm
IDISTANCE BETWEEN THE SLOTS IN THE LOOP.
NtHl+Mt/'2-<It+0t/2> IMAKES ANGLE BETWEEN PTS 36,37 AND 38 135 DEGS.
0l".266*Mm
IDISTANCE BETWEEN COUPLED SLOTS.
Pl-1.5*Mm
IWIDTH OF THE ISOLATION SLOT.
Ql-.8<Dt-Jt >
INAKES THE PARALLEL SLOTS 1/4 WAVELENGTH APART AND
AND HALF A WAVELENGTH FROM FIXTURE WALLS AT 11.4 GHZ.
Rt.25In
IDISTANCE BETWEEN FIXTURE AND FIRST CORNER IN SLOTS.
Sv-.2In
IDISTANCE FROM FIXTURE TO VERTICAL SLOTS.
IF Rt + .lIn>St THEN St =Rt + 1 * n ALLOWS ROOM FOR LOWER FEND IN THE
IN THE INPUT SLOTS (OUTSIDE OF FIXTURE).
Tt-.3In
ISIDE OF 45 DEGREE CUTOUT.
ILENGTH OF VERTICAL SLOTS.
Ul-0*ln
HALF OF THE SEPARATION BETWEEN THE "HORN" SLOTS.
VV15Mtn
THE NEXT LINE INSURES ADEQUATE SEPARATION BETWEEN THE TIPS OF THE
MICROSTRIP THAT EXTENDS FROM PORTS ONE AND TWO.
IF Vi<.35In THEN Vt=.35*In
IDISTANCE FROM "HORN" SLOTS TO EDGE OF DIELECTRIC.
Wt-.5*In
THIS ALLOWS SUFFICIENT ROOM TO MOUNT THE LAUNCHERS.
I

THE FOLLOWING LINES DEFINE THE HORN.

flngUh9.l IHALF OF THE HORN ANGLE.
INhLa(nbdaclLENGTH OF HORN FLARE <Bh>.
Nh-8
I

THE FOLLOWING DIMENSIONS ARE USED TO ADD THE MISC. DATA TO THE DRAWING.
Slxtnlh-l/'l6*In
lUSED TO BUILD RULER AT THE BOTTOM OF THE DRAWING.
Sp*c-.07In
ISPACES THE COMMENTS AND RULER AWAY FROM THE DRAWING.
I

THE FOLLOWING VARIABLES ARE COMBINATIONS OF THE USER DEFINED VARIABLES,

ANDz-OR SHORT VARIABLES THAT REPLACE LONGER MORE DESCRIPTIVE VARIABLES.

B*tQwlcrostrip
Bbt-Qwhorn4lot

ILENGTH OF MICROSTRIP OVERLAPS.

ILENGTH OF HORN SLOT OVERLAP.

THERE ARE TWO VALUES FOR Bel AND Bdt GIVEN. ONE SET MAKES A TAPERED
LOOP, AND THE OTHER SET MAKES A NON-TAPERED LOOP AS INDICATED. PICK
THE DESIRED TYPE OF LOOP GEOMETRY.

TAPERED LOOP:

AngUe

IT IS ONE HALF OF THE

IS THE ANGLE USED TO DETERMINE Bet AND Bdi
AVERAGE OF THE TWO ANGLES FORMED BY POINTS 20,21,22 AND 36,37,38. Bet
AND Bdt ARE USED TO MAKE A SMOOTH TRANSITION AROUND THE CORNERS IN
.

THE LOOP.

Ang1e0=<< 80-ATN< (Ht + Mi /2- 1 -Ot /2)/'Nt ) )/2+ ( 80-ATIK <Mt /'2-Ot /'2)/'Nl ) >/2)/'2
THE OFFSET AT THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE TAPERED LOOP.
BctHt/TAN(AngleG)
Bdt=It/'TAN(AngleO)
lOFFSET AT EDGE OF TAPERED LOOP.
1

NON-TAPERED LOOP:
IFOR NON-TAPERED LOOP.
flngU00-ATN(Nt/'(Ht Mt/'2-<It +0t/2)))
Bct-Ht TAN(45-Ang1 eeO/2) IFOR NON-TAPERED LOOP.
Bdt-Ht/'COS(Angl eOe)- It TAN(Angl eO0) IFOR NON-TAPERED LOOP.
I

Bt-Jt/C0S<45)-Il

lOFFSET AT LEFT EDGE OF COUPLED SLOTS.

ILENGTH OF THE TOP OF THE COUPLED SLOTS.

Brt-QwcoupUdslots-Bei/a-BdfZ

56

lOFFSET FOR 45 DECREE BENDS IN 100 OHM SLOTS.

Bgt-TfiN<22.5>*Jl

i99e

2eee
28ie
2820
2030
2040
20S0
2060
2070
2088
2098
2100
2110
2120
2130
2140
21S0
2160
2170
2180
2198
2200
2218
2228
2238
2240
22S0
2260
?278
2288
2298
2300
2310
2320
2338
2348
2358
2368
2378
2388
2398
2400
2410
2428
2438
2440
2458
2460
2470
2460
2490
2580
2510
2520
2530
2540
2550
2560
2570
2580
2590
2600
2610
2620
2630
2640

THE FOLLOWING CflLCULflTIONS MAKE THE CENTERLIHE OF THE LOOP 3''4 OF

WAVELENGTH LONG.
flrc-<Mt+Ht)PI/4-Kt/'2 IflRC LENGTH, EXCLUDING PORTION THAT OVERLAPS THE
MICROSTRIP.
fl

SIntparlonoop = SQR<<Nt+Bci/'2-Bdt/'2)'^2+<<Mi+Hl-0l-Il)/'2>^2> ILENGTH OF THE

SLANT PART OF
THE LOOP,
MEASURED ON
CENTERLIHE.
F1 Atpartorioop'SsQwloop-Arc-Sl antpartofl oop-Bdt-'2! ADJUSTABLE PART OF LOOP.
Bh\Flatparlof loop + Bct/2
ITHIS MAKES THE LOOP 3''4 OF A WAVELENGTH LONG.
I

ILENGTH OF 45 DEG SLOTS <IN THE "X" AND -Y" DIRECTIONS)

THAT ARE INSIDE OF THE FIXTURE.
DISTANCE FROM CENTERLIHE TO INPUT SLOTS < INSIDE OF
BJtDl-Qt-Jl
OF THE FIXTURE).
ILENGTH OF LOWER 45 DEGREE SECTION (IN "X" AND "Y"
Bkt-Sl-Rt
DIRECTION) THAT IS OUTSIDE OF THE FIXTURE.
Bll"Vt-Bjl-Bkt-Ut
ILENGTH OF UPPER 45 DEGREE SECTION (IN THE "X" AND "Y"
DIRECTION) THAT ARE OUTSIDE OF THE FIXTURE.
Bt2^.5(Dl-Qt-Jl-Pi/'2)-0i/2
{DISTANCE FROM COUPLED SLOTS TO THE
TIP OF THE ISOLATION SLOT (IN THE "X"
DIRECTION).
(IN THE "X" AND "Y" DIRECTIONS).
ILENGTH OF THE VEE AT THE END OF THE ISOLATION SLOT.
Bnt-Pt/'2
Bni KEEPS THE SLANT PORTION OF
THE ISOLATION SLOT
AND THE HORIZONTAL PART OF THE ISOLATION SLOT
EQUADISTANCE FROM THE 100 OHM SLOTS (INSIDE OF THE
FIXTURE).

Blt-Dt-Qt-It-0t/'2

THE FOLLOWING ARE COMBINATIONAL HORN VARIABLES.

USED TO MATCH HORN TO FIXTURE.
Dr*wing--HORN" THEN 2368
IWIDTH OF HORNS MATCHES FIXTURE FOR MAGIC-TEE.
Ah-Ql
GOTO 2370
flh-Dl-Jl/'2
IWIDTH OF HORN STRIP FOR SINGLE HORN.
Bh-NhLafnbdad
ILENGTH OF HORN FLARE FROM Xoh.
Ch-Ah*SIN(Angleh)
ILATERIAL OFFSET DISTANCE AT END OF HORN.
DhAhCOS(Angleh)
IVERTICAL OFFSET DISTANCE AT END OF HORN.
IHALF OF HORN APERTURE.
Eh-Bh#SIN(Angl eh)
Fh-Bh*COS(Angleh)
IHORIZONTAL LENGTH OF HORN FROM Xoh.
I

IF

THE FOLLOWING LINE PLACES A CONDITION ON THE LENGTH OF GU. THIS IS

DONE TO ALLOW SUFFICENT ROOM BETWEEN THE MICROSTRIP CROSSING POINT,
AND THE 45 DEGREE BEND IN THE SLOT TO THE LEFT OF THE MICROSTRIP.
IF GU<St+Jl*Bli+5*Mm THEN G t =Sl + Jl ^B t + 5M(ii
I

STEP FOUR: DEFINE "X" AND "Y" PLANES IN TERMS OF VARIABLES LISTED ABOVE.
ALL OF THE POINTS THAT WILL BE USED TO DEFINE THE DRAWING
SHOULD BE ON THE INTERSECTION OF TWO OF THESE PLANES. OTHER
POINTS CAN BE DRAWN TOO, BUT ONLY IF THEY ARE DEFINED WITHIN
THE "DRAW" COMMAND (THIS SHOULD BE AVOIDED, AS IT WILL DESTROY
THE "CAD" ASPECT OF THIS PROGRAM).

Xot-0
ISET.S LOCATION OF DRAWING WITH RESPECT TO THE ORIGIN.
X*tXoi-Et-Ct
ILEFT EDGE OF DIFFERENCE PORT.
Xbt-Xot-Et
ILEFT EDGE OF THE DIELECTRIC WITHIN THE FIXTURE.
Xct-Xbi*Li
ITIP OF THE DIFFERENCE NOTCH.
Xdl-Xot-Kt^2-Nt-Bhl ICENTER OF THE LOOP HALF CIRCLE,
Xt-Xdt-Mt/2+Bal
lEDGE OF DIFFERENCE MICROSTRIP.
Xft-Xdl>Bht-Bct
ILOWER LEFT LOOP CORNER.
lUPPER LEFT LOOP CORNER.
Xgt-XdV+Bht

57

2650
2668
2679
2680
2699
2799
2710
2729
2730
2749
2759
2760
2779
2780
2790
2800
2810
2820
2830
2840
2850
2860
2870
2880
2890
2900
2910
2920
2930
2949
2950
2960
2970
2980
2990
3000
3019
3020
3030
3040
3050
3060
3070
3080
3090
3100
3110
3120
3130
3140
3150
3160
3170
3180
3190
3200
3210
3220
3230
3240
3250
3260
3270
3280
3290
3300

Xht-Xot-flt/2
Xlt-Xoi-Bi/'2

ILEFT EDGE OF THE TftB OF DIELECTRIC ON THE SUM PORT.

ILEFT EDGE OF SUM MICROSTRIP TRflMSITION.
XJt-Xot-Kt/2-Bdt
ILOIIER RIGHT LOOP CORHER.
Xkt-Xot-Kt/'2
ILEFT EDGE OF SUM MICROSTRIP.
XU-Xoi+Kl/'2
IRIGHT EDGE OF SUM MICROSTRIP.
Xmt-Xol+Bt/2
IRIGHT EDGE OF SUM MICROSTRIP TRANSITION.
XntXoi+flt^2
IRIGHT EDGE OF THE TAB OF DIELECTRIC ON THE SUM PORT.
Xpt-Xot-Kl/2+Bfl
lUPPER RIGHT EDGE OF COUPLED SLOTS.
Xqt-Xpt+Bet
ILOWER RIGHT EDGE OF COUPLED SLOTS.
Xrt-Xpl+BU
lUPPER LEFT EDGE OF "INPUT" SLOTS.
Xsi"Xrt+Bgi
ILOWER LEFT EDGE OF "INPUT" SLOTS.
Xtt-Xql+Bmt
ILEFT TIP OF THE ISOLATION SLOT.
Xut-Xli+Bnt
ISTRRT OF ISOLATION SLOT TIP.
Xwt"Xot+Fl
IRIGHT EDGE OF THE FIXTURE.
XutXvi+Rl
lUPPER RIGHT EDGE OF- "INPUT" SLOT.
Xxt-Xut+Bgt
ILOWER RIGHT EDGE OF "INPUT" SLOT.
Xyt-Xwl+Ti
ITOP OF 45 DEGREE CUTOUT.
Xzt-Xvt+Sl
.'LEFT SIDE OF VERTICAL SLOT.
Xaat=Xzt+Jl
IRIGHT SIDE OF VERTICAL SLOT.
Xabt-Xaat+BU-Bgt
ILEFT EDGE OF UPPER SLOT CORNER.
Xact=Xaal+BU
IRIGHT EDGE OF UPPER SLOT CORNER.
XadlXut+CU
ILEFT EDGE OF INPUT NOTCH.
Xaet=Xadt+Rt/'2-Bt/2 ILEFT EDGE OF INPUT TRANSITION.
Xaft-Xadt+At^2-Kt/'2 ILEFT EDGE OF INPUT MICROSTRIP.
Xagt-Xadl+Ai/'2
ICENTER OF INPUT NOTCH.
Xaht=Xagt+Kt/2
IRIGHT EDGE OF INPUT MICROSTRIP.
Xaff Xagi + Bt/2
IRIGHT EDGE OF INPUT TRANSITION.
IRIGHT EDGE OF INPUT NOTCH.
XaJi-Xadl^At
IRIGHT END OF SLOTS.
Xakl-Xahi+Bbt
IRIGHT EDGE OF DIELECTRIC.
Xall-Xajt+Crl
I

Xoh-Xwi+Ch-Jt/<2TAH(:Angleh))

APEX OF HORN OPENING ANCLE

REFERENCED TO EDGE OF FIXTURE.
lOUTER EDGE OF HORN OPENING.
lUPPER OUTER EDGE OF HORN.
IHORN MOUTH.
HORN/FIXTURE JOINT.
END OF HORN SLOT.
I

X*h-Xoh+Fh
Xbh-Xah-Ch
Xch-Xoh*Jt-'<2TAN<Angleh))
Xdh-Xch-Ch
XhXkt-Bbt
i

lUSED TO MOVE X34t LEFT TO X34ih.

X25i RIGHT TO X25mh.
Xxti>h-Xx\*La(nbdad<SQR<. 5)-. 125) IMOVES
Xz(nhXz;-Lambdad/'2
lUSED TO MOVE X32t/-X33l LEFT TO X32inh/X33h.
Xaamh"=Xaat+La(nbdad/2
lUSED TO MOVE X26t/X27t RIGHT TO X2:(nh/X27frth.
Xabtnh = Xabl-TAN<22. 5)<Lambdad/2) lUSED TO MOVE X3U LEFT TO X31mh.
Xacmh = Xaci+TAH<22.5>if<Lari,bdad/'2) lUSED TO MOVE X28i RIGHT TO X28wh.

Xwtnh-Xul-TAN<22.5)Lambdad/'2

Yot-0
YatYot+Vv+Jt+Wt
Ybl-Yat-<Ct+Ll>
Ycl-Yat-Tt
Ydt-Yoi+Vt+Jl
Y*t-Yot*Vl

Yfl-Yei-BU + Bgt
Ygt=Yet-Btt
Yhi-Yol+Dt+Cl

YH-Yel-Bai
YjtYot*Dl
Ykt-Yol+BJl+Bkl+Bgt

YU-Ykl-Bgi
Ymt-Yjt-Lt
YntYoi+At/'2
Ypv-Yot+Ml-'2*Ht
Yql-YJl-Qt

'

ITOP OF THE DIELECTRIC.

ITIP OF INPUT NOTCH.
IBOTTOM OF 45 DEGREE CUTOUT.
lUPPER EDGE OF THE HORN SLOT.
ILOWER EDGE OF THE HORN SLOT.
lUPPER EDGE OF THE UPPER SLOT CORNER.
ILOWER EDGE OF THE UPPER SLOT CORNER.
ITOP EDGE OF SUM PORT DIELECTRIC.
lENO OF PORT ONE MICROSTRIP,
TOP OF DIELECTRIC IN THE FIXTURE.
lUPPER EDGE OF LOWER SLOT CORNER.
ILOWER EDGE OF LOWER SLOT CORNER.
ITIP OF SUM NOTCH.
ITOP EDGE OF THE DIFFERENCE PORT DIELECTRIC TAB.
ITOP EDGE OF THE SLOT IN THE LOOP.
ITOP EDGE OT THE INPUT SLOT.
I

58

33ie
3329
3338
3348
33S8
3368
3378
3388
3398
3488
3419
3428
3438
3448
3458
3468
3478
3488
3498
3588
3518
3528
3538
3548
3S58
3568
3578
3588
3598
3688
3618
3628
3638
3648
3658
3668
3678
3688
3698
3788
3718
3728
3738
3748
3758
3768
3778
3788
3798
3888
3818
3828
3838
3848
3838
3868
3878
3888
3898
3988
3918
3928
3938
3948
3958
3968

YrfYJt-Ql-Jt

ILOUER EDGE OF THE IMPUT SLOT.

ILOWER EDGE OF THE LOOP SLOT.
ITOP EDGE OF THE ISOLATION SLOT.
lUPPER EDGE OF THE COUPLED SLOT.
Yvt-Yot*Bl/'2
lUPPER EDGE OF THE DIFFERENCE PORT CENTER CONDUCTOR.
YwtYot+0l/'2
ILOWER EDGE OF THE COUPLED SLOT.
lUPPER EDGE OF THE DIFFERENCE MICROSTRIP.
Yxt-Yol+Kl/2
YylYoi-Kt/'2
ILOWER EDGE OF THE DIFFERENCE MICROSTRIP.
YzVYot-Bl/'2
ILOWER EDGE OF DIFFERENCE PORT CENTER CONDUCTOR.
Y4atYot-0l/'2-It-BallEND OF SUM PORT MICROSTRIP.
lEND OF PORT 2 MICROSTRIP.
YAbf-Ylt
ITIP OF LOWER INPUT NOTCH <USED TO DRRW MICROSTRIP).
Yact Ybt
Ydt--Yat
BOTTOM OF LOWER INPUT PORT.
ITOP OF THE RULER.
Yat-Yadi-Space
ILOWER TIP OF ft RULER MARK.
Yaft-Yaet-2Sixtnth
YagV"Yafl-Sixteenvh
ILOUER TIP OF ft RULER MARK.
ILOWER TIP OF ft RULER MARK.
YahlYagt-Sixtnth
ILOWER TIP OF A RULER MARK.
Yait-Yaht-Sixteenth
YajfYait-Sixteenth
ILOWER TIP OF A RULER MARK.
Yal<t"Yat-.57In
IFIRST LINE OF WORDS UNDER THE RULER.
Yal i"Yaet-.72In
SECOND LINE OF WORDS UNDER THE RULER.

Yt-Yot+Mtx2
Ytt-Yoi+Pt^2
Yut"Yot+0l^2+Il

{CENTER OF HORN.
Yoh-Yot
ITOP OF HORN SLOT.
YahYot*Jt/2
END OF HORN OPENING.
Ybh-Yoi+Eh
IF Drawlng*"MOMO" THEN 3608
IPLACE WHERE HORN JOINS THE FIXTURE.
Ych-YJt
GOTO 3618
THIS KEEPS THE COPPER Lambdad/2 ABOVE THE SLOT.
Ych-Yot+Qn-Jt/'2
YdhYbh+Dh
ITOP OF HORN.
I

MOVE X31t UP TO X31wh.

MOVE X28i DOWN TO X28mh.
YfmhYft+TAN<22,5)#<Lambdad/2>
MOVE X32t UP TO X32mh.
YgfnhYgt-TAN<22.5)<:Lambdad''2)
MOVE X27t DOWN TO X26mh.
YkmhaYI<l+TAN<22. 5)*CLambdad/2)
MOVE X33T UP TO X33mh.
YlmhYU-TAN<22. 5)<La(f.bdad/2)
MOVE X26t DOWN TO X2emh.
Yqmh=Yql+Lambdad/2
MOVE X34l UP TO X34mh.
Yrmh=Yrt-Lambdad-^2
MOVE X25; DOWN TO X25mh.
STEP FIVE: CALCULATION OF CORRECTIONS THAT WILL BE USED TO REMOVE
ERRORS FROM THE DRAWING THAT ARE CAUSED BY THE PLOTTER.

Ydh-Ydl Lafrbdad^2
YehYel-La(nbdad/2

lUSED
USED
lUSED
lUSED
lUSED
lUSED
lUSED
lUSED
I

TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO
TO

THERE 1 S A SLI GHT BIT OF LOSENESS IN THE PEN CABLE ON THE HP 9872C
PLOTTER THE A MOUNT OF ERROR THAT THIS INDUCES IS WITHIN THE PLOTTERS
SPECIFI CATIONS AND DOES NOT CAUSE ANY PROBLEM IN MOST PLOTTER
APPLICA TIONS. HOWEVER, DUE TO THE EXTREMELY SMALL DIMENSIONS IN THE
AREA NE AR THE COUPLED SLOTS, THESE ERRORS MUST BE ACCOUNTED FOR IN
THIS PR OGRAM. THESE CORRECTIONS CAME FROM EMPIRICAL TESTING AND
WILL HA VE TO B E ADJUSTED TO MATCH THE PARTICULAR PLOTTER THAT IS
BEING U SED. TH E In/Mm SCALING IS INTENTIONALLY OMITTED TO KEEP THE
THE COR RECTION 3 TO THE SCALE OF THE ACTUAL DRAWING AMD PEN.
PI ot lercorre Ct 1=.07
PI ottcrcorre ci28
PI ottrcorr ci3-e
PI ot lercorrc cl4=0
Pn.52
ITHIS IS THE PEN THICKNESS, AND IT IS CORRECTED
FOR AUTOMATICALLY IN THE DRAWING.
.

STEP SIX: ENTER TWO MAJOR LOOPS THAT MAKE THE DESIRED DRAWING:
THE FIRST LOOP (THE "Fill" LOOP) IS USED TO FILL IN THE BLACK
PORTIONS OF THE DRAWING. THIS IS DONE BY MOVING EACH POINT OF THE
FIGURE IN 605{ OF THE PEN THICKNESS, AND THEN DRAWING IT OVER AGAIN.

59

3979
3986
3998
4808
4818
4828
4838
4848
4858
4868
4878
4088
4898
4188
4118
4120
4138
4148
4158
4168
4178
4189
4198
4288
4219
4226
4230
4240
4250
4260
4276
4286
4298
4388
4310
4328
4338
4348
4358
4366
4376
4388
4398
4408
4418
4428
4439
4440
44S8
4468
4470
4486
4496
4588
4510
4520
4530
4548
4559
4569
4579
4588
4598
4688
4610
4620

THE SECOND LOOP <THE Mm" LOOP> IS USED TO DRAW THE FIN-LINE PATTERN.
THE BOTTOM HALF IS ESSENTIALLY A MIRROR IMAGE OF THE TOP. THEREFORE,
ONLY THE TOP HALF IS DEFINED. THE BOTTOM HALF IS DRAWN BY MULTIPLYING
THE "Y" COORDINATES BY MINUS ONE. ANY NON-SYMETRIC AREAS (SUCH AS
THE SUM PORT) ARE TAKEN CARE OF WITH "IF" STATEMENTS, THAT CHECK TO
SEE IF THE TOP OR BOTTOM HALF IS BEING DRAWN.

FOR Fi 1-1 TO
STEP 2
FOR Im*g-0 TO 2 STEP 2
In>I-Image

ISTART OF THE "Fill" LOOP.

ISTART OF THE Mm" LOOP.
IIm-1 DRAWS THE TOP, AND Im-1 DRAWS THE
BOTTOM OF THE SLOTLINE SIDE.
IF Fin-3 THEN Segment s zeSgmnt $ ze3
IF Fin>l THEN GOTO 4180
ISKIPS TO THE "Fill" ROUTINE.
IF Im-1 THEN Penn=PenF
IPLOTTER CORRECTION FOR THE
TOP HALF OF SLOTLINE SIDE.
IF Im-l THEN Penn=Pcn*F 11 +P1 ot ercorrect I IPLOTTER CORRECTION FOR THE
BOTTOM HALF OF THE SLOTLINE
SIDE.
GOTO 4238
ISKIPS "Fill" ROUTINE ON FIRST PASS.
IF Im-1 THEN Penn-PenF 11 60
"Fill" ROUTINE. MOVES PEN IN 60-/. OF
IT'S WIDTH AND THEN DRAWS THE
FIGUftE AGAIN.
1

<

STEP SEVEN: CALCULATION OF CORRECTIONS THAT WILL BE USED TO REMOVE

ERRORS FROM THE DRAWING THAT ARE CAUSED BY THE PEN.
THE FOLLOWING CALCULATIONS ARE USED TO ELIMINATE ANY INACCURACY IN
THE DRAWING DUE TO THE WIDTH OF THE PEN THAT IS BEING USED.
THESE ADJUSTMENTS WILL AUTOMATICALLY MOVE THE PEN THE APPROPRIATE
AMOUNT AND DIRECTION TO ACCOUNT FOR HALF OF THE THICKNESS OF THE PEN.
IHALF OF THE ANGLE FORMED BY
POINTS 102, 103 AND 104.

flnglel-<188-ATN<<Bt-Ki)/<2Lt )))/2

Penoffset l=Penn/'<2TAN< Ang

(CORRECTS POINTS 102, 103, 106 AND

107 IN THE "X" DIRECTION AND
POINTS 111, 112, 115 AND 116 IN
"Y" DIRECTION.

IHALF OF THE ANGLE FORMED BY

POINTS 2,1 AND THE IMAGE OF 1.
ICORRECTS POINT
IN THE "X"
DIRECTION AND POINT 5 IN THE

flngle2-ATN<At/'<2Lt))

Penof rsei2 = Penn/'(2SIN<Angle2))

"Y"

DIRECTION.

flngle3-<188-ATN<<Bl-Kl )/'<2<Lt+Ci)>))/2IHALF OF THE ANCLE FORMED BY

POINTS 118,119 AND 120.
ICORRECTS POINTS 119,122,123 AND
Penoff set 3Pcnn/'<2TAN<Angle3)>
128 IN THE "Y" DIRECTION.
I

flngU3a-<90-<130-2*Angle3>)/'2

HALF OF THE ANGLE FORMED BY

19.
POINTS 1 17, 18 AND
ICORRECTS POINTS 117,118, 123 AND
124 IN THE "X" DIRECTION.
I

Penoffset3a=Penn/<2*TAIKAiigle3a))

fingle4-ATN<At/<2<Lt+Ct )>>

HALF OF THE ANGLE FORMED BY

POINTS 11
12 AND 13.
ICORRECTS POINT 12 IN THE "Y"
DIRECTION.
I

Pnoffet4 = Penn/'(2*SIN<Angle4))

flngle5-<180-ATN<2Lt/Al))/2

IHALF OF THE ANGLE FORMED BY

POINTS 1,2 AND 3.
ICORRECTS POINT 2 IN THE "Y"
DIRECTION AND POINTS 4 AND 5
I

Penofret5-Pnn/'<2TAN<Angl e5>

60

43e
4649
46S0
469
4679
4688
4698
4788
4718
4728
4738
4748
4758
4768
4778
4788
4798
4608
4810
4828
4638
4848
4858
4868
4878
4888
4898
4988
4918
4928
4930
4948
4958
4968
4978
4988
4998
5888
5818
5028
3830
5040
5058
5068
5878
5080
5098
5100
5110
5120
5130
5140
5150
5160
5170
5180
5190
5200
5218
5220
5230
5248
S258
5268
5278
5280

IH THE

"X" DIRECTION.

IHfiLF OF THE ANGLE

10, 11 AND 12.

flngU6-<188-ATN(2*<Lt+Ct)/Ai)>/'2

FORMED BY POINTS

Ptnoffet6-Pnn/<2TAH<Angle6>)

(CORRECTS POINTS
"X" DIRECTION.

11

AND 13 IN THE

ICORRECTS POINTS 23, 24, 25, 26

31, 34, 35 AND 36 IN THE "X"
DIRECTION, AND POINTS 26, 27, 32
AND 33 IN THE -Y" DIRECTION.
ICORRECTS POINT 18 IN THE "X"
DIRECTION.

Pnofft7-Pen/'<2TAN<67.5>)

Pnofrt7aPnn/<2C0S<45>>

flngU8-<180-flTN<<Mt/2 + Ht-Ol/2-Il>/'Nt>>/'2' IHALF OF THE ANGLE FORMED BY

POINTS 37, 38 AND 39.
Ptnofrsel8=Penn/'<2TAN<Angle8)>
ICORRECTS POINTS 37 AND 38 IN
THE "X" DIRECTION.
I

flngU9-<180-ATN<<Mt/2-0t/'2>-'(Nt + Bet-Bdl))>-'2 IHALF OF THE ANCLE FORMED

BY POINTS 21
22 AND 23.
ICORRECTS POINTS 21 AND 22 IN
Pnoffst9 = Pnn/'<2*TAN<Angl9))
THE "X" DIRECTION.
I

flnglehl45-AngUh
lUSED TO DETERMINE OFFSETS AT END OF HORN.
lUSED TO DETERMINE OFFSETS AT MOUTH OF HORN.
flngleh2<18G-Angleh)-'2
I

Penoffsethl=S0R<2)Penn^2Snk'Anglehl>

ICORRECTS 2h IN "X" DIRECTION AND

3h IN "Y" DIRECTION.
ICORRECTS 3h IN "X" DIRECTION AND
2h IN THE "Y" DIRECTION.
ICORRECTS Ih AND 4h IN THE "X"
DIRECTION.
I

Prnoff$eth2=SQR<2>*Penn/2C0S(Anglehl)

P*nofrseth3Pnr)-'2/'TAN<Ang1eh2)

STEP EIGHT: DEFINE ALL NUMBERED POINTS ON THE DRAWING IN TERMS OF THE
"X" AND -Y" REFERENCE PLANES LISTED ABOVE.
THE PEN OFFSET CALCULATIONS ARE ENTERED HERE,
REFERENCE PLANES FREE OF PEN CORRECTIONS.

THIS KEEPS THE

THE FOLLOWING POINTS DEFINE THE FIN-LINE SIDE.

XU Xct* Pnof

iet2
X2t- Xbt + Pnn/'2
X2*t -Xbt -Penn/'2
X3l- Xbt + Pnn/'2
X4t- Xhi- Penof rt 5
X4At "Xht -Penn^2

ITHIS IS FOR THE FIN-LINE SIDE OF POINT 2.

ITHIS IS FOR THE DIELECTRIC TAB SIDE OF POINT

2.

ITHIS IS FOR THE FIN-LINE SIDE OF POINT 4.

ITHIS IS FOR THE DIELECTRIC TAB SIDE OF POINT 4.

X5f Xot
X6t- Xnt* Pnoff sets
X6At Xni + Pnn/' 2
X7t- Xwt + Pnn/'2
X8t- Xwt* Pnn/'2
X9V- Xwt* Penn^2
X18t -Xyt +Penof fset7

ITHIS IS FOR THE FIN-LINE SIDE OF POINT 6.

ITHIS IS FOR THE DIELECTRIC TAB SIDE OF POINT 6.

XIU -Xad t-Pno ffset6

X12t -XAg t
Xl3l XaJ l+Peno frset&
X14t -Xal t-Ptnn /'2
X151 -Xal V-Penn /2
X16t -XaI t-Ptnn /2
X17t Xut -Penof fset7
X18t -Xvt -Pnof rsei7
X19t -Xdt
THE PEN OFFSET FOR THE ARC IS DONE WHILE MAKING THE DRAWING.
X2et -Xdt
I

61

5290
S3ee
3318
3328
3338
3348
3358
5368
5378
5388
5398
5488
5418
3428
3438
5448
5438
5468
5478
5488
5498
5588
5518
5528
5538
5548
5558
5568
5578
5588
5598
5688
5618
5628
5638
5648
5658
5668
5678
5688
5698
5788
5718
5728
5738
5748
5758
3768
3778
5788
5798
5888
5818
5928
5838
5848
5858
5868
5878
5888
5898
5988
5918
5928
5938
3948

X2U-Xft-Pnoff$t9
X22t-XJt-Ptnoff$i9
X23tXqi*Penof $ei7
X24t-Xt*Pnoffset7
X25t-Xxt*Penof rsv7
X26lX**t.+Penn/'2

X27t"Xa*t*Ptnn/'2

X28t"X*ci+Penof f$et7
X29l"Xakl*Penn/'2
X38t-Xakl+Pnn/'2

X3U"X*bt-Penorrset7
X32tXzt-Penn-'2

X33fX2i-Pnn/'2
X34t-Xut-Pnoff$*t7
X35t"Xrt-Penorrset7
X36t-Xpl-Pnofrt7
X37t-Xkv+Pnof fst8
X38l"Xgl+Penoffset8
X39t-Xdt
X4et-Xal-Pennx2
X41tXat-Penn/'2

X42t"Xht-Penn/2
X43tXnt'-Pnn/'2

THE FOLLOWING POINTS DEFINE THE MICROSTRIP SIDE.

X18U"Xal*Penn/'2
Xie2t"Xbl-Penofrs*tl
Xie3tXci-Penorrset

Xie4fXl-Pnn/2
X183l-Xt-Penn/'2

Xie6l-Xct-Penoffstl
X187t-Xbt-Penoff*t
Xie8t"X4t*Pnn^2
.<ie9l=Xit*Penn/2
Xliet"Xt-Penn/2
1

XllltXmt.-Penn/'2

12l-XU-Penn/'2
X113t-XU-Penn/'2
XI

XI 14t-Xkl-t-Pnn^2

X115t- Xkt+Penn/'2
X116t-Xii*Pnn/'2
X117\"XAet*Penofrsi3*
X118tXalt-Penorfsei3a
XI 19l-Xaht-Pnn/2
X128t- X*hl-Pnn/2
X121t-Xafl*Penr./'2

X122t-XafV+Ptnn/2
X123t-Xail-Pnofrl3a
X124t-Xael+Penorfset3a
X123t-Xafl*Pnn^2
X126l-Xari*Penn/'2

X127fXaht-Penn-'2
X128t-Xaht-Pnn/2
I

THE FOLLOWING POINTS DEFINE THE HORN.

Xlh-Xdh+Pnoffseth3.
X2h-Xbh-Penof Tseihl
X3h-XAh-Penoffseth2
X4h-Xch-Penof rseih3
X5h-X*h-Penn/2
X6h-Xh-Ptnn/2
I

THE FOLLOWING POINTS

fiRE

USED TO MERGE THE MflGIC-TEE AND HORN INTO THE

62

S93e
5968
3978
5988
5998
888
818
6828
6838
6848
6858
6868
6878
6888
6898
6188
6118
6128
6138
6148
6158
6168
6178
6188
6198
6268
6218
6228
6238
6248
6258
6268
6278
6288
6298
6388
6318
6328
6338
6348
6358
6368
6378
6388
6398
6488
6418
6428
6438
6448
6458
6468
6478
6488
6498
6588
6518
6528
6538
6548
6558
6568
6578
6588
6598
6688

HONOPULSE SYSTEM.
X25h-Xxh-Penoffst7
I

X2fflhX*amh-Ptnn/'2

X27mh-X**h-Penn^2
X28mh-X*cmh-Pnoffiet7
X31mh-Xabnh4-Penorrsct7
X32h-X2mh+Pnn^2
X33mh"Xz(nh+Pnn/2

X34mh-Xwmh+Penoffiet7
I

THE FOLLOMIHC POINTS ARE USED TO DRfiW THE RULER, BULL'S EYES AND
COMMENTS.
ILEFT SIDE OF THE RULER.
XlS8t-Xat
CENTER OF LEFT BULL'S EYE.
Xbul nft-XAt--.25*In
CENTER OF RIGHT BULL'S EYE.
Xbul 1right=Xalt-.25In
I

THE FOLLOWING LINES DEFINE THE

Ylt-Yot
Y2t-Ynt+Pnofrset5
Y2t-Ynt+Prin^2
y3t-YJt-Ptnn^2
Y4tYJt-Penn/2
Y44t-YJt+Penn/2
Y5t-Yml-Pnoffst2
Y6tYJt-Pnn/'2
Y6*l-YJt+Penn^2
Y7t-YJt-Penn-'2
Y8tYct-Penn^2
Y9l-Y*l-Penn/2
Y18t-YAt-Pnn/'2
YlUYat-Pnn/'2

Y12fYbt-Penofrst4
Yl3t-Yt-Pnn/2
Y14i-V4t-Pnn/'2

Y15fYli*Ptnn/2
Y16t-Yot
Y17l-Ytl*Pnn/'2
YlSl-Yol
Y19t-Yol
Y2et-Yit-Pnn^2
Y2lt-Yl-Ptnn/2
Y22t-Ywt-Pnn/'2
Y23tYui-Pnn/'2
Y24l-Yrt-Pnn/2
Y25t- Yrt-Pnn/2

Y26t-YU-Penoffiet7
Y27t-Ygi-Penoffst7

Y28fYt-Pnn/2
Y29V"Y\-Pnn/'2

Y3ei-Ydt+Pnn/2
Y3U"Ydl+Pnn/'2
Y32t-Yft*Penorfi*i7
Y33t- Ykl*Pnorfset7
Y34t-Yqi*Penn/2
Y35t-Yqt+Penn>'2

Y36t-Yul*Pcnn/2
Y37t-Yul+Penn/'2

Y38t-Ypt*Pnn^2
Y39l-Ypt*Penn/'2
Y4et-Yoi

Y4U-Ynt*Penn/'2
Y42t-Yht*Pnn/'2
Y43t-Yht+Pnn/'2
I

63

COORDINATES OF THE FIN-LINE SIDE.

6619
6629
6630
6649
6650
6660
6679

Y105t-Yytt-Penn/2

6680.

Y106l-Yyl*Penn/2

6690
6799
6710
6720
6730
6740
6750
6760
6770
6780
6790
6800
6810
6820
6830
6840
6850
6860
6870
6880
6890
6900
6910
6920
6930
6940
6950
6960
6970
6980
6990
7000
7010
7020
7030
7040
7050
7969
7070
7080
7090
7100
7110
7120
7130,

7140
7150
7160
7170
7180
7190
7200
7210
7220
7230
7240
7250
7260

THE FOLLOWING POINTS DEFINE THE MICROSTRIP SIDE.

Yieit-Ywl-Pnn/2
I

yi82t-Ywt-Pnn/'2

Yie3V"Yxt-P*nn^2
Yie4l-Yxt-Pnn^2
Yl07fYzi-t-Penn/'2

Y108t-Yzt+P*nn-'2
Y109t-Yht-Penn-^2

Ytl0t-Yht-Penn/2
Ylllt-YJt+Pnoffsetl
Yn2l-Yint*Penoffsetl

Yn3lYaat+Penn/2
Yn4t"Y**t+Pnn/'2
Yll5tYint-t-Penoff*tl

Yliet-Yjl+Penofrsetl
Yll7l-Yal-Penn/'2
Yll8tYal-Penn/'2

Y119tYbt*Penoffsei3

Yl20fYlt+Pnn/2
Yl21l-YU+Penn/'2
Y122t-Ybt+Penofrst3
Y123vYadl+Penn/2
Y124t-Yadi+Penn/'2

Y125t-Yaci-Penorf$t3
Y126l-YabtPenn/'2

Y127t-Yabt-Penn/2
Yl28t-Yact-Pnof fst3
I

Ylh-Ych-Penn/'2

Y2h-Ydh-Penorfselh2
Y3h-Ybh+Penorfsthl
Y4hYah+Penn'2

Y3h-Yah + Pnn/'2
Y6h-YoV
I

THE FOLLOWING POINTS ARE USED TO MERGE THE MflGIC-TEE

INTO THE MONOPULSE SYSTEM.

fiND

THE HORN

Y25mh-Yrtnh*Pnn/'2
Y26h-Y1toh*Pnof r$i7

Y27h-Ygmh+Penoffev7
Y28Mh-Yemh+Ptnn^2
Y31n>h-Ydmh-Penn/2
Y32B>h-Yfmh-Penofrset7
Y33mh-YI<h-Pnoffset7
Y34mh-Yq(Bh-P*nn^2
'

THE FOLLOWING POINTS ARE USED TO DRAW THE BULL'S EYES.

YbulUop-Yal+2Spac
Ybunbovtom--Ybul Uopi
I

STEP NINE: MAKE THE DESIRED DRAWING.

THE CENTER OF THE DRAWING IS Xo.Yo. THIS IS THE POINT WHERE THE
CENTERS OF THE SUM AND DIFFERENCE MICROSTRIP LINES WOULD CROSS IF
EXTENDED. ALL OF THE DRAWINGS ARE REFERENCED FROM Xo,Yo.

IF
IF

Drauing--TEE* THEN 7600 ISKIP TO MAGIC-TEE SECTION.

Drawing*-"MONO" THEN 8700 ISKIP TO THE MOHOPULSE SYSTEM SECTION.

THIS SECTION DRAWS THE FIM-LINE SIDE OF

SINGLE FIH-LINE HORN.

IF Sldt*-"M" THEN 7450

MOVE XU.Ylt

ISKIP TO MICROSTRIP SIDE.

64

7278
7288
7298
7388
7318
7328
7338
7348
7358
7368
7378
7388
7398
7488
7418
7428
7438
7448
7458
7468
7478
7488
7498
7588
7518
7528
7538
7548
7558
7568
7578
7588
7598
7688
7618
.7628
7638
7648
7658
7668
7678
7688
7698
7788
7718
7728
7738
7748
7758
7768
7778
7788
7798
7888
7818
7828
7838
7848
7858
7868
7878
7888
7898
7988
7918
7928

'
DRAM X2t,V2t*In
DRAM X3t,Y3t*In
IF I--1*FI ip THEN 7338

DRAM X4t,Y4*Im
DRAW X5t,Y5tIfB
ORAM X6t,V6t*Im
COSUB 18258
DRAMS HORN.
THE NEXT FEW LINES OUTLINE THE DIELECTRIC TABS TO MATCH THE FIXTURE.
MOVE X4ei,Y40i
DRAW X4U,Y41l*Im
DRAW X2at,Y2at*Iffl
IF I ItFHp THEN 7438
MOVE X4at,Y4atIm
DRAW X42t,Y42lIffl
DRAW X43t,Y43tIra
DRAW X6at,Y6&t*Im
NEXT Image
GOTO 757eiSKIP MICROSTRIP SIDE.
THIS SECTION DRAWS THE MICROSTRIP SIDE OF THE THE FIN-LINE HORN.
MOVE X189t,Yie9l
DRAW X118t,Yliet
DRAW Xlllt,Yl lit
DRAW X112l,Y112l
Ybottoinhms = Yot-Jt/2-Qwinlcrostrip+Pnn/'2 lONLY POINT UNIQUE TO HORN.
DRAW X1131, Yboliomhms
DRAW X114t,Yboitofflhms
DRAW XllSt.YllSt
DRAW X116t,Y116t
DRAW Xie9t,Y109t
I

NEXT Ff
GOTO 9388
1

SKIP TO THE RULER SECTION.

THIS SECTION DRAWS THE MAGIC-TEE.

IF Slde*-"M"

THEN 8238

ITHIS SKIPS TO MICRO-STRIP SIDE.

THIS SECTION DRAWS THE FIN-LINE SIDE OF THE FIN-LINE TEE.

MOVE Xlt,YliIm
DRAW X2t,Y2tIm
DRAW X3t,Y3tIm
IF I lFllp THEN GOTO 7728
DRAW X4t,Y4tIm
DRAW X5t,Y5tIm
DRAW X6t,Y6t*Im
DRAW X7t,Y7tItB
DRAW X8t,Y8t*Im
DRAW X10i,Y10iIm
DRAW XlU,YlUIm
DRAW X12\,Y12t#Im
DRAW X13t,Y13lIm
DRAW X14t,Y14tIm
DRAW X16t,Y16lIm
MOVE X19t-Mi/'2 + Pcnn/'2,Y19t
FOR Angle-89 TO 188 STEP 2
X-X19l-<Mt/2-Penn/2>SIN<flngU)
Y-<Y19t-<Mi/2-Penn/'2)C0S<Angle>>Im
DRAW X,Y
NEXT AngU
DRAW X21l,Y21tIm
IF Y22t>Yot THEN GOTO 7900
KEEPS PEN BETWEEN COUPLED SLOTS.
Y22\-Yot
I

Y23fYot
DRAW X22t,Y22t*Ira
DRAM X23t,Y23tIn
DRAW X24t,Y24tIfii

65

7939
7946
7958
7968
7978
7988
7998
8888
8818
8828
8838
8848
8838
8868
8878
8888
8898
8188
8118
8128
8138
8148
8158
8168
8178
8188
8198
8288
8218
8228
8238
8248
8258
8268
8278
8288
8298
8388
8318
8328
8338
8348
8358
8368
8378
8388
8398
8488
8418
8428
8438
8448
8458
8468
8478
8488
8498
8588
8518
8528
8538
8548
8358
8568
8578
8588

DRAW X25t,Y25tIm
DRAM X28t Y28t Im
DRAM X29t Y29t I
DRAM X38t Y3et * Ira
DRAW X3U,Y3UIm
DRAW X34t,Y34t*I
DRAM X35t,Y35lIm
DRAM X36t,Y36tIm
DRAM X37v,Y37tI
DRAM X38t Y38t m
DRAM X39t,Y39t*Im
FOR Ang1-8 TO 91 STEP 1
X-X19t-<Mt/'2*Hi+Penn/'2>SIH<AngU>
Y-<Y19lf<Mt/2+Hl+Penn/'2>C0S<Angl>)*Im
DRAM X,Y
NEXT Angle
MOVE X4ei,Y48t
DRAM X41t,Y41t*Im
DRAM X2at,Y2atItn
IF Im UFlip THEN GOTO 817G
MOVE X4at,Y4alIra
DRAM X42t,Y42tIm
DRAM X43t Y43t Im
DRAM X6&t,Y6atIffl
MOVE XI, Yl
NEXT Image
GOTO 8569
IFIH-LINE SIDE IS COMPLETE. THIS COMMAND SKIPS THE
MICROSTRIP SIDE, AND CONTINUES ON MITH THE PROGRAM.
''

,
,

THE FOLLOMING SECTION DRAMS THE MICROSTRIP SIDE OF THE MAGIC-TEE.

MOVE Xieu,Y181i
^
DRAM Xie2t,Yia2l
DRAM Xie3t,Y103t
DRAM Xie4i,Yie4t
DRAM XieSt.YieSi
DRAM Xie6t,Y106l
DRAM Xie7t,Yl97t
DRAM Xie8t,Y188t
DRAM X181t,Y101l
MOVE Xie9t Yl 89l F1
DRAM Xliet,Y110tFHp
DRAM XU 1 1 Yl 1 U tFH p
DRAM XI 12l Yl 2l FH p
DRAM XI 13l Yl 1 3t iFH p
DRAM X114t,Y114tFl ip
DRAM X115t,Y115t*Fl 1p
DRAM XI 16t,YI 16t*FHp
DRAM XI e9t Yl 891 F
MOVE X117l,Yl I7t
DRAM X118t,Yli8t
DRAM X119t,Yll9t
- DRAM X12et,Y120l
DRAM X121t,Y12U
DRAM X122t,Y122^
DRAM Xll7l,Yl I7t
MOVE Xl23t,Y123t
DRAM X124t,Y124t
DRAM X125l,Y125t
DRAM X126t,Y126t
DRAM X127t,Yl27l
DRAM X128t,Y128t
DRAM X123l,Y123t
THIS SECTION IS COMMON TO BOTH THE FIN-LINE AND THE MICROSTRIP SIDES.
THE NEXT FEM LINES PLACE THE NUMBER OF THE MAGIC TEE NEAR THE DEVICE.
CSI2E .Q6*In,.5
MOVE Xwt Penn, Yc t +. 60Tt Penn
I

,
,

66

8398
8688
8618
8628
8638
8648
8658
8668
8678
8688
8698
8788
8718
8728
8738
8748
8738
8768
8778
8788
879Q
8888
8810
8828
8838
8848
8838
8868
8878
8888
8898
8988
8918
8928
8938
8948
8958
8968
8978
8980
8990
9888
9810
9020
9030
9040
9030
9060
9070
9080
9090
9100
9110
9120
9130
9140
9150
9160
9170
9188
9190
9200
9210
9220
9230
9240

DRAWS THE HflME OF THE TEE ON THE DEVICE.

LftBEL Title*
NEXT Fl
GOTO 9380 IMflGIC-TEE IS DONE, SKIP TO THE RULER SECTION.
I

THIS SECTION DRAWS THE FIN-LINE SIDE OF THE MONOPULSE SYSTEM.

IF Sld*-"t1" THEN 9178

ISKIP TO MICROSTRIP SIDE.
MOVE XU,YU*Im
DRAM X2t,Y2tIm
DRAW X3t,Y3l*IiB
IF Ii--1*F1 <p THEN 8730
IFHp CONTROLS THE LOCATION OF PORT-3.
DRAW X4t,Y4tIm
DRAW X3t,Y5tIm
DRAW X6t,Y6l*Im
DRAW X7t,Y7t*lM
ITHIS IS THE UPPER J.EF.T EDGE OF THE FIXTURE.
DRAW X34mh,Y34mh*Im ITHIS IS THE FIRST POINT IN THE MONOPULSE SYSTEM
PORTION.
DRAW X31nh,Y31mhIm
Imffi>Im
lUSED TO DRAW HORN CORRECTLY.
GOSUB 10250
IDRAW HALF OF THE HORN.
DRAW X3U,Y31tIm
DRAW X34t,Y34tIm
DRAW X35t,Y35tIm
DRAW X36t,Y36tI(n
DRAW X37t,Y37lIm
DRAW X38t,Y38vIn
DRAW X39t,Y39tIm
INEXT FIVE LINES DRAW THE LEFT QUARTER ARC.
FOR AngU-0 TO 91 STEP 1
X-X19t-<Mt^2 + Ht+Pnn/'2>SIN< Angle)
Y"<Y19t*<Mt/2 + Ht+Penn/'2)C0S<Angle)>Im
DRAW X,Y
NEXT Angle
MOVE X25mh,Yot
IMOVE BACK TO CENTER OF THE MONOPULSE SYSTEM PORTION.
DRAW X28mh, Y28ffih*In
ItnfB Uln
IFLIPS Im IN THE HORN SUBROUTINE TO DRAW BOTTOM HALF OF HORN.
GOSUB 10258
IDRAW BOTTOM HALF OF THE HORN
DRAW X28t, Y28t*rra
ITHIS IS THE MAGIC-TEE PORTION AGAIN.
DRAW X25t, Y25lIm
DRAW X24l,Y24tlM
DRAW X23l,Y23iItn
DRAW X22t,Y22tIm
DRAW X2U,Y2U*Im
DRAW X20t,Y20tIfn
FOR Angle-0 TO 91 STEP 1
XX19t-<Mt/2-Pcnn/2)SIN<Angle)
Y-<Y19t + <Mt/2-Penn/'2)C0S<Angle>>Im
DRAW X,Y
NEXT Angle
MOVE X40i,Y40t
DRAW X4U,Y41tI(n
DRAW X2t,Y2At*In
IF Im 1F1 ip THEN 9150
MOVE X4*V,Y4*lIm
DRAW X42l,Y42tIm
DRAW X43l,Y43lIm
DRAW X6at,Y6at*Im
NEXT Image
GOTO 9360ISKIP THE MICROSTRIP SIDE.
THIS SECTION DRAW? THE MICROSTRIP SIDE OF THE MONOPULSE SYSTEM.
MOVE X10U,Y10U
DRAW X102x,Y102l
DRAW X103t,Y183t
DRAW X104t,Y104t
DRAW X105t,Y105t
DRAW X106t,YlO6t
DRAW X107i,Yie7i
I

67

92se
9268
9279
928e
9299
9399
9318
9328
9338
9348
93S9
9369
9378
9388
9399
9488
9419
9429
9439
9449
9458
9469
9479
9488
9499
9598
9518
9529
9539
9549
9559
9569
9578
9588
9598
9688
9618
9629
9639
9649
9659
9669
9679
9689
9699
9799
9719
9728
9738
9748
9758
9769
9779
9789
9798
9899
9819
9829
9838
9849
9858
9868
9878
9889
9899
9909

xieet.Yieet
DRRH X19U,Y18U
MOVE Xie9t,Y109i
DRfiM X119t ,Y1 lOl
DRftM

DRfiW XI 1 It ,Y1 1
XI 12t ,Y1 121

DRAW
DRAW
DRAW
DRAW
DRAU
DRAW
NEXT

X113l,Y113l
l4t,Y114t
X115t,Y115i
X116t,Y116t
X199t,Yie9t
XI

Fl

THIS SECTION DRAWS THE RULER AND COMMENTS.

RuUr*""H' THEN 18209

THE NEXT PORTION OF THE PROGRAM DRAWS THE NUMBERS AND COMMENTS BELOW
THE RULER.
LINE TYPE 1
ITHIS RETURNS THE PLOTTER TO A NORMAL HIGH SPEED LINE.
IF
I

PnnPn
FOR I-l TO 3Scale STEP 1
Penr(.8Pen + Penn
UHEIGHT OF LETTERS) <WI DTH/HEICHT RATIO)
CSIZE .135In,.35
MOVE X150t+.85In+Penn,Yaji-Penn
LABEL "1"
MOVE X158t+1.85*In+Penn, Yajt-Penn
LABEL "2"
MOVE X159t+2.85In+Pnn, Yajl-Penn
LABEL "3"
IF DScaU THEN GOTO 9890
MOVE X158t*Pnn, Yakt+Penn
UHEIGHT OF LETTERS) (WIDTH^HEIGHT RATIO)
CSIZE .98*In,.48
LABEL "WHEN REDUCED TO i:i SCALE, THIS"
MOVE X159t+Pnn, Yal t+Penn
LABEL "RULER WILL BE EXACTLY IN INCHES."
I

THE FOLLOWING LINES DRAW THE COMMENTS BETWEEN THE BULL'S EYES.
MOVE Xbul Uft*.2In+Penn, Ybul top+Penn
LABEL "MAGIC TEE "; Title*;" by LCDR ROWLEY"
I

THE FOLLOWING LINES DRAW THE BULL'S EYES.

MOVE Xbull Uft+Penn, Ybul Uop+. I5*ln + Pnn
DRAW Xbul nf t+P*nn, Ybull top-. 05*In*Penn
MOVE Xbu) 11 eft-.
In + Penn, Ybu
t op + Penn+. 95*In
DRAW Xbul left*. 1 In + Penn, Ybul ltop + Penn>.05In
FOR Angl-9 TO 360 STEP 5
DRAW
l*InCOS<Angle>+Xbul lUft+Penn, 1 InSIN<Artgl e)-t-Ybul 1 op* 95In+Pnn
NEXT Angl
MOVE Xbullrl ght+Penn, Ybul Itop+. 15* In + Penn
DRAW Xbul lr1ght+Penn,Ybul top-. 05* In + Penn
MOVE Xbul Irlght-. n+Penn, Ybu
05 In
t op+Penn+
DRAW Xbul lr(ght+.
In+Penn, Ybul ltop+Penn+.05In
FOR Ang0 TO 360 STEP 5
DRAW
l*In*COS<Ang)+Xbul r ght +Penn, 1 InSIN< Ang) +Ybul top*. 05* In + Penn
NEXT Ang
NEXT I
THE NEXT SEGMENT OF THE PROGRAM DRAWS THE RULER.
I

Jl

PennPen
"

FOR 1-0 TO 6 STEP

J-J+1

X150t-Xat+I<.5In)
TOP OF THE RULER.
MOVE X150t+Penn, Yaet
THE RULER IS DRAWN IN SIX HALF INCH SEGMENTS. THE ODD SEGMENTS START
WITH A LONG INCH MARK, IIHILE THE EVEN SEGMENTS START WITH A SHORTER
HALF INCH MARK. THE NEXT SEVEN LINES CONSTRUCT THE FIRST MARK IN EACH
I

68

HALF IHCH SEGMENT.

9918
SKIPS TO THE HALF INCH MARK LENGTH.
9928
IF I-l THEN GOTO 9988
ISKIPS TO THE HALF INCH MARK LENGTH.
9938
IF 1-3 THEN GOTO 9988
SKIPS TO THE HALF IHCH HARK LENGTH.
9948 IF I-5 THEN GOTO 9980
ITHIS IS THE INCH MARK (LONGEST LINE).
9958 DRAW X150i+Penn, Yajt
.'THIS TERMINATES THE RULER AFTER THREE INCHES.
9968
IF 1-6 THEN GOTO 18150
ITHIS SKIPS THE HALF INCH MARK LENGTH.
9978 GOTO 16068
ITHIS IS THE HALF INCH MARK LENGTH.
9988 DRAW X150t+Penn, Yal
9998
THE NEXT 14 LINES DRAWS EACH HALF INCH SEGMENT OF THE RULER.
18888 MOVE X158l+Penn+Sixleenih Yaet
18818 DRAW X156t+Penn+Si xteenlh, YaTl
18828 MOVE X158t+Per>n + 2*Sixtnlh, Yaet
18838 DRAW X158t+Penn+2Sixlenih, Yagi
18848 MOVE X158t*Penn+3*S<xieenth,Yael
18858 DRAW X158t*Penn*3Sixteenth, Yaf
18868 MOVE X156t+Pnn+4S1xteenth, Yaet
16878 DRAW X156l+Penn*4Sixtenlh, Yahv
18888 MOVE X156t+Penn+5S)xleenth, Yaet
18898 DRAW X158t+Penn+5Slxteenth,Yafi
18188 MOVE X158l+Pnn+6*Sixieenth, Yaet
18118 DRAW X158i+Penn+6Slxleenth, Yagt
18128 MOVE Xl58t+Penn+7*Sixveenth,Yaet
18138 DRAW X156t+Penn+7*Sixteenth,Yaft
18148 NEXT I
18158 IF J>8#ScaU THEN GOTO 10288 ITHIS TERMINATES THE PROGRAM WHEN LINES ARE
ARE THICK ENOUGH.
18168
THIS SHIFTS THE RULER SLIGHTLY AND REDRAWS
18178 Pnn-Penn+Pen
IT. THIS MAKES THE LINES THICK ENOUGH.
18188
THIS CONTINUES THE LOOP.
18198 GOTO 9846
THE PEN IS PUT BACK IN THE HOLDER.
18288 PEN 8
THE PEN DRIVE ARM IS MOVED ASIDE.
18218 MOVE 5888,588
18228 STOP
18238
18248
STEP ten: HORN SUBROUTINE.
182S8
THE FOLLOWING SUBROUTINE DRAWS HALF OF THE HORN AT A TIME.
18268 IF Drawing$-"HORN" THEN 1Q320ISKIP OFFSET FOR SINGLE HORN.
IMOVES HORN OPENING ONE WAVELENGTH LEFT OF THE
18278 Xoff-Xact-Xwt+Lambdad
18288
LAST SLOT BEl^D (MONOHORN ONLY).
MOVES HORN OPENING UP/DOWN TO MATCH SLOTS IN
18298 Yoff-<Vt+Jt/'2)Im
18388
THE MONOPULSE SYSTEM.
18318 GOTO 18358
ISKIP TO DRAWING ROUTINE.
18328 Imm-Ira
{NEEDED FOR SINGLE HORN ONLY.
18338 Xoff-8
{INSURES OFFSETS ARE ZERO FOR SINGLE HORN.
18348 Yoff-8
18358 DRAW Xlh*Xofr,YlhIiBm + Yorr
18368 DRAW X2h+Xoff ,Y2hIinm + Yoff
18378 DRAW X3h+Xoff ,Y3hImm+Yoff
18388 DRAW X4h+Xoff Y4htImm*Yoff
18398 IF Dr*w(ng-"MONO" THEM 10420 {POINTS 58.6 ARE FOR THE SINGLE HORN ONLY.
18468 DRAW X5h+Xorf,Y5h*Im+Yoff
16416 DRAW X6h+Xorf,Y6hIm+Yoff
16428
THE NEXT PORTION DRAWS THE DOTTED LINE OF THE LENS ARC.
18438 IF Fin >1 THEN 7438
18448 LINE TYPE 4,.5Scale
{DOTTED LINE.
18458 FOR Beta-8 TO Angleh STEP 1
Bet a<MAX)-Angl eh.
18468
THE FOLLOWING LINES ARE THE EQUATION THAT DEFINES A PARALLEL
18478
PHASE FRONT LENS.
18488 Aarc-l-COS<Bet a)
18498 Barc-l-COS<Angl eh)
18588 Carc-l/'SQR<Er>-COS<Beta)
18518 Darc-COS<Angleh)-l/'SQR<Er)
18528 Earc-COS<Beta)*<l-SQR<Er))
{THICKNESS OF LENS.
18538 Br{n-Bh (A arc + Bare Care/' Dare )^Earc
18548 Radh-Bh+Brh+Pen
(RADIUS FROM Xoh.Yoh TO LENS EDGE.
18558
Bti IS RADIUS OF ARC WITHOUT LENS.
18566 Xarc-Xoh^RadhCOS<B*ta)
IX POSITION OF ARC.
I

69

16370
18589
18599
18699
19610
18628
18638
18649
18658
18668

lY POSITION OF ARC.
Y*rc-Yoh*RadhSIN<Beta)
IPOSITIOHS PEN FOR ARC.
IF Bt40 THEH MOVE Xarc+^of f Yarc+Yof f
DRftW Xarc+Xorr, YArcImmfYofr
NEXT Beta
FOULOWIHG LINES ARE FOR MONOHORN ONLY.
IF DrauingS-'H" THEH 10650
MOVE X^h+Xoff Y4h* mm+Yorf IRETURNS DRAWING TO PROPER POINT AFTER LENS
,

LINE TYPE
RETURN
END

LJ

IS

IS DRAUN.

nenumber, Segment s ze
i

70

IRETURNS LINE TYPE TO PREVIOUS SETTING.

APPENDIX

FIGURES

FIN-LINE MRGIC-TEE NUMBER THREE

PORT 2
8

"V

PORT 3

7=^-

^3
J

MICROSTRIPS

MICROSTRIPS

yK.
PORT 1

Figure

Fin-Lino Magic-Tee,

71

Figure

Naveguldo Maglc-Too.

1088

.7B7e

,?Q7e

.7876

.7876

.7876

.7876^J888

-J 188

J888

J888

S=
.7876

.7876

Figure

J888

J888

-J 188

Theoretical Magic-Tee Scattering Matrix

72

SUM (R+B+C+D)
RZIMUTH (H-B)<-|

ELEVRTION

AAAB

Figure

Diamond Monopulso Feed

73

(C-D)

^
c ^

^
^

vSUM
7(R+B+C+D)

vELEVRTION

(R+B)-(C+D)

(R+BX

^^^-"^

(H-B)

v/RZIMUTH
/^(R-B) + (C-D)

^/\^/ (R+C)-(B+D)

(C-D)

(C+D)

Figure 5

Square Monopulse Feed

74

Degrees Left(-) and Rlght(+) of Boreslght

G)
O)

C3

Q
cn

C3

O
n

Q
CD

(S
cn

-:+4

j.-^-j.-41-..; u-^_j Ai_._-.;-__g

-16

dB GRIN

^-Q

Qpijjq

dB GRIN

Computer Simulation of Rctual

Element Pattern.

Rctual Element Pattern at 11.4 GHZ.

F1

gure

Simulated and Rctual Element Pattern

75

I( y)
-

/K

-8/2

/ts

+S/2

Spacing between elements of a Monopulse Feed,

showing the elements In phase with each other.
Each element Is represented by a delta function.
The element pattern Is accounted for later.

-3-2-10123
Fourier Transformed Sum Group pattern.
NOTES:

XSIN(Theta)^(S/Lambda); Theta Is the angle

left(-), or r1ght(+), of the antenna's boreslght.
^S^ Is the spacing between the antenna elements.
1.

Rt +/- 90 degrees, SIN(Theta) reaches It's

maximum value of one. These two plonts are called
the pattern's visible limits. They occur where
X=+/-( 1 )^(S/Lambda) on the transformed pattern.

2.

Figure

Theoretical Sum Group Pattern.

76

I( y)
-

/K

-S/2
+S/2
\/

Spacing betueen elements of a Monopu Ise Feed,

shoulng the elements out o-F phase uilth each other
Each element is represented by a delta function.
The element pattern is accounted for later.

-3-2-10

Fourier Transformed Difference Group Pattern.

NOTES:

XSIN(Theta)X(S/Lambda); Theta is the angle

leftC ), or right(+), of the antenna's bore sight
^^S'
is the spacing between the antenna elements.
1.

Rt +/- 90 degrees, SIN(Theta) reaches it's

maximum value of one. These two pionts are called
the pattern's visible limits. They occur where
X+/-( 1 )^(S/Lambda) on the transformed pattern.
2.

Figure

Theoretical Difference Group Pattern.

77

Degrees Left(-) and Rlght(+) of Bopesight

dB GniN

r^--6

dB GRIN

-16 dB GRIN
El

ement Pattern

+3

dB GRIN

-7

dB GRIN

-17 dB GRIN

GroUp. Pattern.'

-,_^__^_,

^^^..^-p

-3

-13

jjg

dB GRIN

dB GRIN

Sum Pattern

Figure

Theoretical Sum Pattern

78

GRIN

Dogpeos Left(-) and Right( + )

o-F

Boroslght

s
m

C9
CD

dB GRIN

:^'-S

dB GRIN

-16 dB GRIN

Element -Pattsm
- '+3

dB GRIN

-7

dB GRIN

"-"---17 dB GRIN

[Gr^oUp.

pait tie rn'

+7

dB GRIN

-3

dB GRIN

"1-13

dB GRIN

Dif-ference Pattern

Figure 10

Theoretical Difference Pattern,

79

,u

I
.9.'

Xd/4

T
R

r
I-.Xd/4

n.5Lb:

Figure

11

Bilateral Fin-Line
80

S*

0-e

9'Z

0"3

S'L

OU

S"0

SS3N>10IH1 Oldi0313ia/HiaiM i01S

Figure

12

Slotlino Impedance.
81

CO

CD

to

o
o

h-

UJ
_l
LiJ

OO
in

Ti"

j
LJ
O

LiJ

^^

(i

n:
h-

UJ
LjJ

cr

o o;

q:
I

o
Ld

iT)

^V

_J
Ld _J

Q uj;
q;

cx

O o

C5

o.

1^1

CD

oy

9-

0*5:

9'Z

O'Z

S'

O'l

9'0

ss3N><oiHi 0idi03n3ia/HiaiM ions

Figure

13

Slotlino Wavelength.
82

0*0

z
LJ

Figure

14

Normalized Coupled Slotllne Impedance.

83

84

+je04

+jee6
.3106

.3146

-J 178

-J020
.1926

179

-J001
.1326

-J069
.0776

+J017
.2776

-J042
.0526

169

-J023
.0236"'

.4626^

-J030
,0306*^

-J 148
.2696"'

-J008
4876

-J
.3136^

-1002
3166

-J
.2026^

s=
+J162
1S46

This data was taken on an HP 8409B

Vector Network Analyzer at 10 GHZ.
This matrix Is corrected for uneven
transmission line lengths caused by
launcher placement and fixture design.
10 degrees Is added to port-1, 84
degrees Is subtracted from port-3 and
22 degrees Is added to port-4. The
corrections are uniform throughout the
matr x
1

Figure

16

S-Matrix for Magic-Tee Number Tuo

85

+JB05

+J084
.3276^

.2926

-J 173

-J009
.4106

182

+J024
.4356

+J012
.0466

+J003
.3766

+J011
.0486

+J008
.1706

_-J157
.4526^

+J246
.8426^

+J042
.leee^

.4836"'

-J00e
.4426

-J
.2806^

-J007
.3056

-J1S9

.4736"^

s=

This data was taken on an HP 8409B

Vector Network Analyzer at 11.4 GHZ.
This matrix Is corrected for uneven
transmission line lengths caused by
launcher placement and fixture design.
106 degrees Is added to port-1, 122
degrees Is added to port~2 and 180
degrees Is added to port-3. The
corrections are uniform throughout the
matr x
1

Figure

17

S~Matr1x for Magic-Tee Number Three.

86

MRGIC-TEE (3) PORT-1 TO PORT-3

180.

0T

1Q8.0

36.0

o
a
I

ui

-36.

0-

-108.0

-190.0
6000. Q0G
-4

12000.000

400.0000 MHz/'DtV

MRGIC-TEE C3) PORT-1 TO PORT-3

0.00

5.00-

0)
0)

10.00

CD

Q
I

15.03

U)

20.00

25 00
.

8000.000

400.0000 MH^/'OIV

12000.000

Q
Figure

18

Sll Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three.

87

MflGIC-TEE (3

PORT-1 TO PORT-2

180.0

QO a
.

38.0

u
Q
I

-36.

0-

-108.0

-19a.

-I

6000.000

40G.0000 MHzx'Orv
MflGIC-TEE C3) PORT-1

12900.000

TO PORT-2

0.00T

S.0O

(J)

01

12.00-

CO

a
I

19.00

24.00

30. 00

6000 000
.

Figure 19

400.0000 MHz^OrV

12000.000

S12 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three,

88

MflGIC-TEE C3) PORT-1

TO PORT-3

0T

180.

iQQ.a

36.0

o
UJ
a

-3e.e

-108.0

-ige.a
6QDO.QQ0

MfiGIC-TEE C3) PORT-1

0.00

TO PORT-3

6.aa

12000.003

'400.0800 MHr/^OrV

12.00

CD

a
I

18.00
U)

24.00

30.00
9000.000
i

Figure 20

400.0000 MHz/'OrV

12000.000

S13 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three.

89

magic-tee: c3) port-i

to PORT-H

0T

180.

lea.e

36.0

a
I

UI

-36,0

-108.0

-193.

9800.308

489.0888 MHz/^OrV

MRGIC-TEE: (3; PORT-1

12008.800

TO PORT-4

0.00

G.00

cn

12.00

CO

Q
I

19.80

-24.00

38. 80

8000.008

Figure 21

480.0808 MHz-'OrV

12008.000

S14 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three.

90

MflGIC-TEE (3) PORT-1

180.

TO PORT-2

0T

leg.a

u
Q

3S.0

lij

-3s.a

-108.0

190.

-I

400.0000

6000.000

'

12000.000

MMzz-'OEV

MflGIC-TEE (3) PORT-1

0.00

TO PORT-2

G.00

0)

12.00

CO

Q
I

eg
01

18.00

24.00

30. 00

-I

9000.000

Figure 22

400.0000 MHz'^DrV

12000.000

S21 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three

91

MflGIC-TEE: (3) PORT-1

180.

TO PORT-2

0r

1Q8.Q

36.0

u
a
I

(M

-3G.0

-108. 0-

190.

eeBe.aea

MRGIC-TEE

0.00

'^Qa.aeeQ mhz^oiv

(3:)

PORT-

12008.000

TO PORT-2

5.00

(Si

10.00

15.00

20.00

nj
CO

25 00
.

9000.008

Figure 23

400.0008 MHz^OIV

12000.000

S22 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three

92

MRGIC-TEE (3P PORT-2 TO PORr-3

180.

0r

1Q9.Q

36.0

u
a
I

-3G.0

-108.0

-190.

0-1

400.3008 MHz/'OrV

8Q0Q.aeQ

12000.000

MflGIC-TEE C3) PORT-2 TO PORT-3

,

0.00 T

S.00

>

12.00

CD

Q
I

19.00

24.00

30. 00

-I

8000.000

400.0000 MHz/'DIV

IE000.00O

&
Figure 24

S23 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three,

93

MflGIC-TEE (3) PORT-2 TO PORT-1

180.

0r

188.0

36.0

(J

u
a

-36.0-

-108. a-

-190.

400.0000 MHz-'OIV

6000.000

MRGIC-TEE:

(.3)

2000.000

PORT-2 TO PORT-H

0.00r

6.00

0)
0)

12.00-

CD

Q
I

18.00

24.00

30.00
6000.000
I

Figure 25

400.0000 MHz.^DIV

12000.000

S24 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three

94

MflGIC-TEE C3) PORT-1

188.

0r

109.0

36.0

u
a

TO PORT-3

U]

-3G.9-

-108. 0-

-190.

12000.000

400.0000 MHz-^DIV

6QQ8.QQQ

HRGIC-TEE (3) PORT-1 TO PORT-3

0.00

6.00

U)

12.00

CO

eg

19.00

24.00

30. 00

-I

8000.000

Figure 26

400.0000 MHz^OIV

12000.000

S31 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three

95

MflGIC-TEE (3) PORT-2 TO PORT-3

180.

0T

108.8

3G.0

u
u
a

-38. e

-108. 0-

till

-iea.0
60QQ .088
-I

'480.0888 MHz/OIV

12008.800

MflGIC-TEE C3) PORT-2 TO PORT-3

0.00

6.80

01

12.00

CO

a
I

18.80

24.00

30.80
6800.008
I

Figure 27

400.0000 MHz^DIV

12000.800

S32 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three,

96

MflGIC-TEE (3) PORT-3 TO PORT-1

180.

0T

108.0

u
Q

36.

0-

-36.

0-

10

-108.0

-198.0
8000.000

Ftgura 28

111(1

400.0000 MHz^DIV

12000.000

S33 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three.

97

0.00

6.60

12.00

19.08

CO

Q
I

to

24.00

30.00
6000.000

Figure 29

400.0000 MHz/^OrV

12000.000

S34 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three.

98

MRGIC-TEE (3) PORT-

180.

TO PORT-1

0T

lae.a

3G.0

u
a
I

01

-36.8

-108.0

-190.0
8000.1300

0.00T

6.00

CO
0)

12.00

ffl

a
I

eg

18.00

34.00

30. 00

8000.000

Figure 38

400.0000 MHz/'DIV

12000.000

S41 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three.

99

MFIGIC-TEE (3) PORT-2 70 PORT-H

180.

0r

lee.a-

36.0

u
a

(Vl

-38.0

-108.0

-190.0
6000.000

400.0000 MHz/'OIV

12000.000

MRGIC-TEE: (3) PORT-2 TO PORT-H

0.00

9.00

12.00

19.00

24.00

CD

Q
I

30.00
6000.000
\

400.0000 MHz/'OrV

12000.000

a
Figure 31

S42 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three.

100

MflGIC-TEE C3) PORT-3 TO PORT-1

180.

0T

iee.0

3G.0-^

u
Q
I

-36.0-

-108. 0-

109,

8000.080

400.0000 MHz/'DrV

12000.000

MflGIC-TEE C3) PORT-3 TO PORT-I

0.00T

S.00

12.00

CD

Q
18.00

24.00

30.00
BO00.000

Figure 32

400.0000 MHz^DIV

12000.000

S43 Phasa and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three.

101

Figure 33

S44 Phase and Magnitude for Magic-Tee Three.

102

Figure 34

Fin-Lino Monopulse System,

103

Figure 35

H-Plane Element Pattern

104

Figure 3B

E-Plane System Pattern.

105

Figure 37

H-Plano System Pattern.

106

Degrees Left(-) and Rlght( + )

S)

en

CO

o-F

Bopestght

CO
0)

cn

I
!

>^

N*.

-. :+4

dB GRIN

:::=:-6

dB GRIN

-16 dB GRIN

Element Pattern

'+3

dB GRIN

-7

dB GRIN

"-'-"-'---17 dB GRIN

\GroUp. pajtt'epn]

+7

dB GRIN

-3

dB GRIN

-13 dB GRIN

Sum Pattern

Figure

38

Simulated Sum Pattern

107

Degrees Le-Ft(-) and Rlght( + ) of Boreslght

dB GRIN

:p:::-6

dB GRIN

-16 dB GRIN
El

sment Pattern

--:

+3

dB GRIN

-7

dB GRIN

-17 dB GRIN

'GroMp Pattern]

-+7

dB GRIN

-3

dB GRIN

--13 dB GRIN

Difference Pattern

Figure 39

Simulated Difference Pattern

108

Figure 40

Depth of the Difference Null

109

en

o
m
a:

u en
uu
q: z
OM
Ui _J
a
a

-5

^A
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CD

UJ

H,

H
UJ O
HP

en

^4

en S
u
a2
ZH
UU
0) 0)

\ /

(C-DXX

Z.^%a

SUM AZIMUTH
B

ELEVRTION

Figure 41

Dual Plane Fin-Line Monopulse System,

110

LIE)! OF f:^efe:re:nce:s

Avionics Laboratory^ Air Force Wright Aeronautical

Laboratories e p o r t B H - 1 3 7 1 1 M ic r o ay e R e.c e i y g r
1983*
Tsu i
by J
and Rei ated CoMponents
Fv

ui

F-'

E:

Kef 3 las, G* P, and Wiltse, J* C, Chap* a>

"TransMission Lines Components and Devices

2*

S h. o 1 n

i.

k.

>"

E d i t o r - i n - C hi i e f

!:i.ld.a.LJ:lsirJlii?.9.Q.hL

<

McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1970*

&.

"F-'lanar
Syri<2os H, Cross land* D . , and Van Wyck*
"
W S5 V e <3 i d e Y i e 1 d s M M - W ) v e M o ri o p u s e C o m p a r a t o r s ^
8
R e p r i ri t e d f t^ o m Mi t' o w a v e s & R F" , M a t^ c h 1 9 '^

3*

J.

1..1

>

Aikawa, M

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and Oqawa, FL

e d S 1 o t L ri e s
T \\ e o T' y A n d T e Ui i q
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i.

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F-l

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Dunn, J, FU
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I FJiLF ....li^lisi^c t_i. o^n s_J] rx._

e s , Mol * MTT--28, No. 6
^"^

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June

M i C.LQ.W .j:!.^....IL[!Lail!.!3 SZAj J.Si....f i[!LC:L_6J:?iLl JL^^

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r o o k. /Col e
n g ri e e r i q [) v s i n , 1 9 8 3

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F(

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C,

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!:Jj;ig.._.JiD.d._..ii>l.flt.i.ili:ii?L>

1 1

"A New MIC Maqic-T Usinq

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a q < M ? fi i_CL.l-...LQ.l?._tl9.r'ii >

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and ah 1, I. J., M i cil.o s t r.i

Artech Flouse, Inc
1979^

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and Fioefer

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L i ri e

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Q.!l.._lli.LQMJ?.!i^.!l J!li^^QJlli_.i^Iiil.._Ijlt^h [[li^

Vol.

M T T -- 3

!L

Nor'^^T^ApT'ir T'^iK^T
12.

Meier,

F-'

J.,

C o M p o ri e n t s *"
I Jlt2.h !;ii31:L!i^S.

"Integrated Fin-Lme M;i.lliMeter

inL!:;L!;L...I.i2I1^.3.^;L ii:^.!:!^

Vol* M 1-22, N o
1'

111

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Knorr> J* B, snd Kuchler^ K*, "Analysis of Coupled

Slots and Coplansr Strips on Dielectric Substrate >"
I EEE[ Transactions On Microw av e Theory and Tech ri i g j e s
Vol* MTT--23/N0, 7, July 1975~.

13

I"'}*

"Slot-Line Transitions
T ransactio ns On hicrowav e The cry An d
mi -22 No/'sT May l?/'-^/
Knorr J B>

IEEE

"

T e c h ri i g u e s

Uo

Kuch 1 er > K >

T r ansf^ission

Hybr

d h o d e A n a 1 y s i s of Co plan ar

Lines PhD Thesis

School* Monterey
1975

Naval PostQradi.iate

16*

Cohnj* M., and others? "Slot-Line

IE E E. T r a n,s act i o n s Q_r;i M i c r o u a ye
T e or;
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112

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Naval Postgraduate School
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Departwent of Electrical and Conputer Engineering
Naval Postgraduate School
Monterey, California 93943-5100

Professor Jefferey B\ Knorr, Code 62Ko

DepartMent of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Naval F-'ostgraduate School
Monterey, California 93943-5100

Professor Hung Mou Lee, Code 62Lh

Department of Electrical and Conputer Engineering
Naval Postgraduate School
Monterey, California 93943-5100

6*

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Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Naval Postgraduate School
Monterey, California 93943-5100

LCDR MuMtaz-ul-Haq PN
4 Chauburji Park
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8^

LCDR James W* Rowley

6691 675th Avenue West
Oak Harbor, Washington, 98277-2234

Carter on

113

LpC

/v

215572
Rowley
Design, construction ^
a proto-^_
and testing of
tnagictype fin-line
mono- _
fin-line
and
tee
pulse system suitable
for millimeter-wave
application.

J
Thesis
R81893
c.

215572

Rowley
Design, construction
and testing of a prototype fin-line magictee and fin-line monopulse system suitable
for millimeter-wave
application.