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It is the theory that explain about atomic behaviour and the

characteristic of atoms. It based on scientific evidence available. Philosopher
Democritus, who named those atomos (In Greek, atomos means indivisible )

Dalton s Theory can be called modern because it composed of atoms

that are testable in the experimental. Dalton's theory had five major parts. He
said:
1
All matter is composed of very small particles called atoms.
2
All atoms of a given element are identical.
3
Atoms cannot be created, destroyed, or subdivided.
4
In chemical reactions, atoms combine with or separate from other
atoms.
5
In chemical reactions, atoms combine with each other in simple,
whole-number ratios to form combined atoms.
(Particles = Molecule)

English physicist J.J. Thomson created a new model of the atom

Plum-pudding atom.Moreover, he discovered that atoms can be separate
(indivisible).
Plums = Electrons which are negative.
Pudding = a mass of Negative electron.
The nuclear atom: Ernest Rutherford studied about the effects of
bombarding thin gold foil with alpha particles. The conclusion from his studied
result was that the positive charge in an atom must be packed together in one
small area of the atom that he called nucleus of atom
The planetary atom : It is one part of Rutherfords model the nucleus
that is correct. Electron is attracted to the nucleus and become part of the
atom.But the electrons could not be spinning around the nucleus either.a new
and brilliant atomic theory in 1913. Suppose, said Danish physicist Niels Bohr

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(18851962), that places exist in the atom where electrons can travel without
losing energy.If we can accept that idea, Bohr said, the problem with
electrons in Rutherford's atom would be solved. In 1930,the accepted model
of the atom consisted of two parts. first part is protons and the other part is
one or more electrons arranged in distinct orbits outside the nucleus.
The neutron : In Bohr model, the number of neutron must be equal to
electron plus protons numbers.

This model of the atom can be used to explain many of the ideas in
chemistry in which ordinary people are interested.By the end of 1920 s, the
scientist began to look for mathematical equations which, when solved, gave
the correct answers for the charge, mass, speed, spin, and other properties of
the electron.However,Mathematic model is very difficult to understand.But it is
useful and helpful.

The model of atoms that scientists use today has still survived and
been modified by untold numbers of experiments and will be subjected to
other such tests in the future.