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CHAPTER 2 REVIEW- Measurements and Calculations

GLOSSARY
A accuracy the closeness of measurements to the correct or accepted value of the
quantity measured (44)
C conversion factor a ratio derived from the equality between two different units
that can be used to convert from one unit to the other (40)
D density the ratio of mass to volume or mass divided by volume (38)
derived unit a unit that is a combination of SI base units (36)
direct proportion two quantities that give a constant value when one is divided
by the other (55)
H hypothesis a testable statement (30)
I inverse proportion two quantities that have a constant mathematical
product (56)
M model an explanation of how phenomena occur and how data or events are
related (31)
P percent error a value calculated by subtracting the experimental value from the
accepted value, dividing the difference by the accepted value, and then
multiplying by 100 (45)
precision the closeness of a set of measurements of the same quantity made in
the same way (44)
Q quantity something that has magnitude, size, or amount (33)
S scientific method a logical approach to solving problems by observing and
collecting data, formulating hypotheses, testing hypotheses, and formulating
theories that are supported by data (29)
scientific notation numbers written in the form M 10 n where the factor M is a number greater
than or equal to 1 but less than 10 and nis a whole number (50)
SI (Le Systme International dUnits) the measurement system accepted worldwide (33)
significant figure any digit in a measurement that is known with certainty plus
one final digit, which is somewhat uncertain or is estimated (46)
system a specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been
selected for study during an experiment or observation (29)
T theory a broad generalization that explains a body of facts or phenomena (31)
V volume the amount of space occupied by an object (37)
W weight a measure of the gravitational pull on matter (35)

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Chapter 2: Measurements and Calculations

1. All of the following are steps in the scientific method EXCEPT
a) observing and recording data.
b) forming a hypothesis.
c) discarding data inconsistent with the hypothesis. d)developing a model.
2. The reason for organizing, analyzing, and classifying data is
a) so that computers can be used.
b) to prove a law.
c) to find relationships among the data. d) to separate qualitative and quantitative data.
3. Which of the following observations is qualitative?
a) The solid has a mass of 23.4 grams.
b) The pH of a liquid is 5.
c) Salt deposits form from an evaporated liquid. d) A chemical reaction is complete in 2.3 seconds.
4. Quantitative observations are recorded using
a) numerical information.
b) a control.

c) non-numerical information.

d) a system.

5. A plausible explanation of a body of observed natural phenomena is a scientific

a) principle.
b) experiment.
c) law.
d) theory.
6. All of the following are examples of units EXCEPT
a) weight.
b) kilometer.
c) gram.
d) teaspoon.
7. A volume of 1 cubic centimeter is equivalent to
a) 1 milliliter.
b) 1 gram.
c) 1 liter.

d) 101 cubic decimeters.

8. All of the following are SI units for density EXCEPT

a) g/mL.
b) kg/m3.
c) g/cm3.
d) g/m2.
9. The density of aluminum is 2.70 g/cm3. The volume of a solid piece of aluminum is 1.50 cm3. Find its
mass.
a) 1.50 g
b) 1.80 g
c) 2.70 g
d) 4.05 g
10. 102 meter is the same as
a) 1 hectometer.
b) 10 millimeters.
11. The number of grams equal to 0.5 kg is
a) 0.0005.
b) 0.005.
c) 5000.

c) 0.1 centimeter.

d) 1000 micrometers.

d) 500.

12. A measurement that closely agrees with accepted values is said to be

a) precise.
b) reliable.
c) significant.
d) accurate.
13. A measurement is said to have good precision if it
a) agrees closely with an accepted standard.
b) has a small number of significant figures.
c) has a large number of significant figures.
d) agrees closely with other measurements of the same quantity.

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14. To two significant figures, the measurement 0.0255 g should be reported as

a) 0.02 g.
b) 0.025 g.
c) 0.026 g.
d) 2.5 x 102 g.
15. In division and multiplication, the answer must not have more significant figures than the
a) number in the calculation with fewest significant figures.
b) number in the calculation with most significant figures.
c) average number of significant figures in the calculation.
d) total number of significant figures in the calculation.
16. The average distance between the Earth and the moon is 386 000 km. Expressed in scientific
notation, this distance is
a) 386 x 103 km.
b) 38 x 104 km.
c) 3.8 x 105 km.
d) 3.86 x 105 km.
17. Which of the following statements about y = kx is NOT true?
a) y is directly proportional to x.
b) x is a variable.
c) The product of y and x is a constant. d) The graph of y versus x should be a straight line.

Ans: 1)C 2)C 3)C 4)A 5)D 6) A 7)A 8)D 9)D

10)B 11)D 12)D 13)D 14)C 15)A 16)D 17)C