EECB353, Semester 2 2013/2014

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
PUTRAJAYA CAMPUS
FINAL EXAMINATION
SEMESTER 2 2013 / 2014

PROGRAMME

: Bachelor of Electrical & Electronics Engineering (Hons)

Bachelor of Electrical Power Engineering (Hons)

SUBJECT CODE

: EECB353

SUBJECT

: Communication Systems

DATE

: January 2014

TIME

: 3 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

1.

This paper contains FOUR (4) questions in EIGHT (8) pages.

2.

Answer ALL questions.

3.

Write all answers in the answer booklet provided.

4.

Write answer to each question on a new page.

5.

Do not bring in unwarranted materials except those that are allowed.

THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 9 PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING THIS

COVER PAGE.

Page 1 of 9

EECB353, Semester 2 2013/2014

QUESTION 1 [15 marks]

A terminal used for reception of TV signals from a satellite is shown in Figure 1. The
receiving system consists of a parabolic antenna with an attached low-noise block (LNB)
down-converter that converts the Ku band input down to 950 to 1450 MHz, a
transmission line that connects the LNB to a receiver that is located on top of the
subscribers TV set. The LNB has a gain of 40 dB and a noise figure (NF) of 0.6 dB. The
coaxial transmission line is 110 feet in length and has a loss of 8 dB/100 ft in the 9501450 MHz band. The receiver detects the data packets, decodes them, and converts the
data to analog video and audio signal using the built-in digital-to-analog converters. The
receiver has a NF of 10 dB.
(Note: For a lossy transmission line, NFLdB if the transmission line is located in an
environment that is inhabitable by humans)

LNB

110 ft of transmission line

with loss of 8 dB/100 ft

A
Receive
r

Figure 1

(a)

Find the overall noise figure (NF) for the receiving system.
[5 marks]

(b)

A non-linear low-noise amplifier (LNA) is inserted at point A as shown in Figure

1. The LNA has the following parameters:
Input signal power, Ps_in = 2 x 10-18 W
Input noise power, Pn_in
= 2 x 10-16 W
Power gain, Ap
= 40 dB
Internal Noise, Nd
= 4.12 x 10-12 W
(i) Find the new overall noise figure (NF)
[8 marks]
(ii) What are the types of unwanted noise produced in the LNA?
[2 marks]

Page 2 of 9

EECB353, Semester 2 2013/2014

QUESTION 2 [30 marks]

a) A total of 10 CCTV are being installed at a premise for security monitoring

purpose. The data from these CCTV are brought to a processing center, which are
then sampled, quantized, binary coded and time division multiplexed. The
monitoring system has been designed according to the following specifications:
i. Each signal from the CCTV with the peak amplitude of 8V is
sampled at a rate of 25% over the Nyquist sampling rate.
ii. The maximum allowable quantization error of 0.5% from the peak
to peak amplitude.
iii. The multiplex signal from the CCTVs is transmitted to the
monitoring station using cat5 Ethernet cable which supports a
speed up to 10 Mbps.
Calculate the highest possible frequency component for one of the CCTV signal
(Ignore the overhead).
[6 marks]

Figure 2: Input waveform

Page 3 of 9

EECB353, Semester 2 2013/2014

b) The input in Figure 2 is utilizing a non-linear quantization. Design another

codebook for PCM system which implements linear quantization using similar
number of quantization level (L = 16). Compare the SQRdB at V = 2, 4, 8 and 16
V between the two systems. Explain why non-linear is better than linear
quantization. Show all calculation.
[14 marks]
c) -law compander uses a compressor which relates output to input by the relations
and characteristics as shown in Figure 3.

Vout

Vmax ln(1 Vin Vmax )

ln(1 )

Figure 3.
The range of allowable voltage is V = 128 volts and 16 quantization levels are
employed. The parameter determines the degree of compression.

(i) What is the voltage interval between levels if there is no compression?

[2 marks]
(ii) For = 255, determine the minimum and the maximum step size for the
input signal.
[8 marks]

Page 4 of 9

EECB353, Semester 2 2013/2014

QUESTION 3 [25 marks]

Consider a radio communication system that transmits information at 24 kbps. There are
several possible digital modulation schemes to be employed for the system.
a) It is required that the time for one bit duration of a modulation scheme is 0.1 ms,
compare the performance of the following modulation schemes in terms of bit rate,
min bandwidth, and bandwidth efficiency: (i) QAM (ii) 8-QAM (iii) 16-QAM.
Hence, propose the most suitable modulation scheme for the radio communication
system. Justify your selection.
[13 marks]
b) Suppose a modulation scheme is chosen for the system that has a constellation
diagram as shown in Figure 4.
i.

Design the modulator shown in Figure 1 for the radio communication system.
Present your design using block diagram and truth table. Indicate the reference
carrier and the phase-shift network of the modulator in Figure 4.
[8 marks]
sin( )
11
10

cos( )

cos( )

00

01

sin( )

Figure 4
ii.

Draw the waveform of the modulated signal, at the original carrier frequency
of 10 kHz, when sending a continuous 111001 bit stream.
[4 marks]
Page 5 of 9

EECB353, Semester 2 2013/2014

QUESTION 4 [30 marks]

(a) A twisted pair telephone wire with bandwidth of 1 MHz is used for multiplexing
voice signals. Determine the maximum number of voice channels that can be
supported if:
(i)

1 KHz guard band is included and analog multiplexing technique is

deployed.
[2 marks]

(ii)

Digital multiplexing technique is used and each voice signal is encoded

using 4 bits.
[2 marks]

(iii)

Calculate the SNR performance for the digital system used in (ii).
[1 marks]

(b) Suppose there are 3 stations (station A, station B and station C) are using the same
carrier frequency and able to transmit simultaneously.
(i)

Propose suitable 8 bits PN code for each station to ensure that they can
coexist without interference. Prove that the proposed PN codes are
perfectly orthogonal.
[6 marks]

(ii)

Determine the resultant data if station A is transmitting bit 1, station B is

transmitting bit 0 and station C is idle.
[2 marks]

(iii)

The resultant data in (ii) is encoded prior to transmission. Suggest a

suitable encoding technique that provides good synchronization and has
no DC problem. Draw the encoded signal.
[3 marks]

(iv)

If an intruder with PN code of -1 +1 -1 +1 +1 +1 -1 +1 appears in the

communication link, will it be able to intercept the data transmitted by
station A, B and C? Justify your answer with calculations.

Page 6 of 9

EECB353, Semester 2 2013/2014

(c) Design a telephone system that can accommodate 6 users. The system occupies
the frequency range starting from 50 kHz, with optimal total bandwidth usage.
Each channel must be separated with 2 kHz guard band. Propose suitable
frequency planning for the system. Choose your design parameters (frequencies
and bandwidth) and modulation technique with technical justifications. Design the
system with a complete block diagram, showing all channels. Label your diagram
fully. Explain all steps in your calculation.
[15 marks]

(d) Design a TDM system that will accommodate the following sources:
Source J: Analog with 60 kHz bandwidth
Source K: Analog with 4 kHz bandwidth
Source L: Digital with 80 kbps
Source M: Digital with 72 kbps
The system uses 8 bits PCM code and the signals must be sampled at 2.5 times
higher than the Nyquist rate. Label your diagram fully. Determine the data rate at
the output of the proposed TDM system.
[10 marks]

Page 7 of 9

EECB353, Semester 2 2013/2014

Bessel Function of the First Kind, Jn(m)

Modulation
Index

Carrier

Side Frequency Pairs

J0

J1

J2

J3

J4

J5

J6

J7

J8

J9

J10

J11

J12

J13

J14

0.00

1.00

0.25

0.98

0.12

0.50

0.94

0.24

0.03

1.00

0.77

0.44

0.11

0.02

1.50

0.51

0.56

0.23

0.06

0.01

2.00

0.22

0.58

0.35

0.13

0.03

2.40

0.00

0.52

0.43

0.20

0.06

0.02

2.50

-0.05

0.50

0.45

0.22

0.07

0.02

0.01

3.00

-0.26

0.34

0.49

0.31

0.13

0.04

0.01

4.00

-0.40

-0.07

0.36

0.43

0.28

0.13

0.05

0.02

5.00

-0.18

-0.33

0.05

0.36

0.39

0.26

0.13

0.05

0.02

5.45

0.00

-0.34

-0.12

0.26

0.40

0.32

0.19

0.09

0.03

0.01

6.00

0.15

-0.28

-0.24

0.11

0.36

0.36

0.25

0.13

0.06

0.02

Page 8 of 9

EECB353, Semester 2 2013/2014

7.00

0.30

0.00

-0.30

-0.17

0.16

0.35

0.34

0.23

0.13

0.06

0.02

8.00

0.17

0.23

-0.11

-0.29

-0.10

0.19

0.34

0.32

0.22

0.13

0.06

0.03

8.65

0.00

0.27

0.06

-0.24

-0.23

0.03

0.26

0.34

0.28

0.18

0.10

0.05

0.02

9.00

-0.09

0.25

0.14

-0.18

-0.27

-0.06

0.20

0.33

0.31

0.21

0.12

0.06

0.03

0.01

10.00

-0.25

0.05

0.25

0.06

-0.22

-0.23

-0.01

0.22

0.32

0.29

0.21

0.12

0.06

0.03

0.01

Trigonometric identities:
sin( + ) = sin cos + cos sin
sin( ) = sin cos cos sin
cos( + ) = cos cos sin sin
cos( ) = cos cos + sin sin

-END OF QUESTION PAPER-

Page 9 of 9