Leakage Inductance Calculation and

Simulation Research of Extra-high Voltage

Magnetically Controlled Shunt Reactor
Liang Yan-ping Zhang Fang

Zhang Hai-ting An Zhen

College of Electrical & Electronic Engineering

Harbin University of Science and Technology
Harbin, China

TEBA Shenyang Transformer Group co;Ltd

Shenyang, China

AbstractBecause of the relatively high charging capacitance of

Ultra High Voltage transmission lines, the contradiction between
UHV transmission lines over-voltage limitation strategy and its
reactive power compensation strategy becomes prominent, while
fix controllable reactors on UHV lines can solve this
contradiction. After the magnetic circuit structure and working
principles of 500kV magnetically controlled shunt reactor
(MCSR) are analyzed, and the simulation model of MCSR is
established by the magnetic circuit decomposition approach in
Matlab/Simulink in this paper. From the point of leakage
inductance of each winding in MCSR, the energy method was
used to calculation the leakage inductance by the 3D finite
element method (FEM) model. The result indicated that the
magnetic flux leakage of each winding is increased by the
increase of the saturation, while the leakage inductance of each
winding is decreased by the increase of the saturation, and finally
stabilized at a regular value. Simulation results reflect the actual
operating conditions of MCSR, the model and algorithm provides
necessary simulation means for UHV and EHV MCSR analysis.
Keywords-extra-high voltage(EHV); magnetically controlled
shunt reactor(MCSR);simulation model;leakage inductance
calculation;energy method

I.

INTRODUCTION

UHV and EHV power grid can increase the capacitance of

transmission line, intensive allocation resource, but because of
the big chargeable power and the load is heavy or changing
greatly of line, cause it more difficult in reactive power
regulation and voltage control [1]. In power system, the
controllable reactor can achieve voltage control and reactive
power compensation and other functions, play an important
role in improve the voltage stability and supply quality of
power system[2],[3]. MCSR as one type of controllable
reactor ,in addition to limit the frequency voltage, switching
voltage, dynamic compensation circuit capacitive power, speed
up quenching of secondary arc current, improve success rate of
single phase reclosing, also has the characteristic of a wide
range continuously adjustable of its capacity[4]-[7].MCSR can
meet various needs of she power system, become the priority
selection in EHV, especially in UHV power grid to solve the
contradictory of long distance heavy load line restriction on
over-voltage and reactive power[8].China has researched on

978-1-4244-7739-5/10/$26.00 2010 IEEE

the technology of 500kV MCSR since 2005, and has

completed the 500kV demonstration project in Jiangling
converter station [1],[9].
This paper is deeply studied on the simulation calculation
method of MCSR on the basis of the operating mechanism of
500kV MCSR is discussed. The proposed magnetic circuit
decomposition method which is invented in [3] is used to
establish and calculate the simulation model of 500kV MCSR.
In order to calculate the leakage inductance of each winding,
the 3D FEM model of MCSR is built to calculate the leakage
magnetic field, and then the leakage inductance is calculated by
the energy method.
II. STRUCTURE AND WORKING PRINCIPLE
The MCSR in EHV system is made up of three single
phase reactor. The simplified structure of MCSR is shown in
Fig.1. The main iron core of the reactor is separated into two
same parts. Each sub-iron core both has the working winding
and control wingding at the same time. The working windings
are star connected with the neutral point ground via a reactor
for the purpose of secondary current compensation during
single-phase reclosing. The control windings are delta
connected, synonym terminal paralleled connection with the
output of the rectifier.
A phase

B phase

C phase

Figure 1. The simplified structure of MCSR

The saturation of MCSR is changed by the value of the DC

component B d which makes the magnetic flux of the iron core
raise or reduce is shown in Fig. 2.The working current of
MCSR is controlled by regulate the DC voltage that is
proportional to the saturation of the iron core, and based on
this, the capacity of MCSR can be smoothly regulated.

Magnetic drop of other magnetic circuit can be derived as

below:
H 3l3

H 4 l4
H l
55

Figure 2. Principle of the saturation core

III.

SIMULATION MODEL OF MCSR IN MATLAB/SIMULINK

The electromagnetic coupling between windings, saturation

of iron core, core loss are should be accurately in simulation
model, so the magnetic circuit decomposition approach is used
to established the simulation model of MCSR in
Matlab/Simulink.

N11i11cc
cc
N 21i21

B. Simulation Model in Matlab/Simulink

The established five segments magnetic circuit
decomposition model of MCSR based on the voltage equation
(2) and (3) is shown in Fig.4. Where A,B,C,D,E respectively
represent left core column, right core column ,left bypass yoke
and left upper and lower yoke, right bypass yoke and right
upper and lower yoke, middle upper and lower yoke. The
magnetic properties of five segments are the same as the
original model and satisfied all equations.

A. Mathematical Model
The forward direction of the physical quantities of MCSR
is shown in Fig. 3.
I3 H 3
l3

i11

u11

i12
u12

I1

I5

e11

l1

H5

l5 / 2

H1

i21

u21 l
2

i
I12 22
e12 u22
I5 H5

I4

I2

H4

l4

e21
H2

e22
I22

l5 / 2

Figure 3. Physical quantities and forward directions in MCSR

As shown in Fig. 3, N mn is winding turns, imn is winding

current, umn is winding voltage, Imn is leakage flux of
wingding, Lmn is leakage inductance of wingding, rmn is
wingding resistance. Ik , H k , lk  k =1,2,5 respectively
represent main magnetic flux, magnetic field intensity, the
length of the equivalent magnetic circuit.

Figure 4. One Phase MCSR model in Matlab/Simlink

In magnetic circuit decomposition approach, i11 and i21 can

be expressed as below:
i11

i21

i11c  i11cc
c  i21
cc
i21

(1)

The constraint conditions should meet as below:

H1l1 N11i11c  N12 i12

c  N 22 i22
H 2 l2 N 21i21

(3)

cc
N11i11cc  N 21i21

(2)
Figure 5. Three phase MCSR model in Mtalab/Simulink

The simulation model of 500kV three-phase MCSR in

Matlab/Simulink is shown in Fig.5.The ideal power source is
used in this paper, and the higher harmonic of power system
and the harmonic component of DC voltage are ignored after
rectified.
IV.

LEAKAGE INDUCTANCE OF MCSR

MCSR is both have AC and DC excitation at the same

time, different from the transformer which is only primary
side winding access to AC power. Until now, there is no
precisely formula to calculate the leakage inductance of
MCSR, but apply the traditional calculation of transformer
leakage inductance of the analytical method to calculate the
leakage inductance of MCSR cant satisfy the engineering
precision. On the basis of above, the 3D FEM method
combined with energy method is used to calculate the leakage
inductance of each winding of MCSR.
In the steady-state operation condition of MCSR, the
magnetic field energy is distributed in windings and around
space, and can be expressed as below:

(a) The magnetic leakage field distribution when current is 300A

Wm

W
m

1
B x Hdv
2 v
1
LV I 2
2

(4)

Where B is magnetic flux density, H is magnetic field

intensity, v is entire space of magnetic flux leakage
distribution, LV is leakage inductance of winding, I is winding
current, Wm is energy of magnetic leakage field.
Based on magnetic circuit decomposition approach, the
leakage inductance of working winding and control winding
should be calculated separately. In order to accurately reflect
the magnetic field distribution of MCSR, the 3D FEM model
of 500kV MCSR is established. The way to calculation
working winding is: first, impose DC current on this winding,
then, calculated the magnetic leakage energy in the entire
magnetic flux leakage space, last, use (4) to calculate leakage
inductance of this wingding. The magnetic flux leakage
distribution of working wingding under different current is
shown in Fig.6.

(b) The magnetic leakage field distribution when current is 1200A

Figure 6. The magnetic field distribution under different current of MCSR

As it is shown in Fig. 6, the magnetic flux leakage of

MCSR is gradually increased with the increase of winding
current.
In traditional electromagnetic theory, the leakage
inductance of transformer winding is considering as a constant.
That is because the degree of saturation of transformer is does
not change in steady-state operation condition. But it is
different for MCSR, as it is degree of saturation changed by
different current. So the leakage inductance of winding is
changed by different degree of saturation of MCSR, as shown
in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.

Figure 7. Working winding leakage inductance waveform Of MCSR

The capacity of MCSR can be regulated continuously by

making use of the DC current to dominate the permeability of
the core and the leakage inductance of the winding. From the
Fig.7, the leakage inductance change of working winding is a

non-linear curve, and is declined by the increase of the degree

of saturation of the core.

The current of working winding is increased by the

increase of the current of control wingding is shown in Fig. 9.
The value of working winding current between measured
results and simulation results at rated point of 500kV MCSR
on its steady-state in power system is shown in TAB.I
TABLE I.

MEASURED AND SIMULATION RESULT. UNIT(A)

Control current
2236

Figure 8. Control winding leakage inductance waveform of MCSR

The leakage inductance curve of control winding is shown

in Fig. 8, compared with working winding, the leakage
inductance change of control winding is smaller. Because of
the core of 500kV MCSR is working in the saturated and
super-saturated segments of the magnetization curve, so the
value of working wingding leakage inductance is between
9.6Hand 9.8H.
V.

RESULT ANALYSIS OF MCSR

The result of simulation model of 500kV MCSR is shown

in Fig. 9. In Fig. 9, the sub-figure in the left side is working
winding current of each branch, and the sub-figure in the right
is the total working wingding current of A phase MCSR.

The results in TAB.I is shown that the error of measured

value and simulation value is less than 1%, the test result
could satisfy the accuracy of the simulation model.
VI.

REFERENCES
[1]

[3]
(a) Results of simulation model with control current 300A
[4]

[5]
(b) Results of simulation model with control current 1000A
[6]

[7]
(c) Results of simulation model with control current 2400A
[8]

[9]

Figure 9. Typical working winding current waveforms of simulation model

CONCLUSION

In order to calculate 500kV MCSR in EHV power grid, the

magnetic circuit decomposition approach is used to establish
the simulation model of MCSR. The energy method is
proposed to calculate the leakage inductance of each wingding
of MCSR, based on its 3D FEM model. The test result is
shown that the way to calculation the leakage inductance
precise in simulation result. The model and algorithm provides
necessary method means for UHV and EHV MCSR analysis.

[2]

(d) Results of simulation model with control current 3600A

Working current
Measured value
Simulation value
127
127.8

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