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PROJECT REPORT ON

TO ASSESS THE USAGE OF ALLOPATHIC AND AYURVEDIC PRODUCTS BY DIFFERENT DOCTORS


(THE VEIWS OF DOCTORS)
SUBMITTED TO:
SUBMITTED BY:
Mr. J.S.SAINI
SENIOR MANAGER MARKETING
LOVEKESH SARDA
REGD.NO:10806768 LOVELY PROFESSIONAL UNIVERSITY
IndSwift.ltd

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT PREFACE
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CHAPTER 1.
Introduction to study

Review of literature CHAPTER 2

Company profile

CHAPTER 3
Objectives of the study
Research methodology Research design
Sample design and s
ize Sources of data
Scope of the study CHAPTER 4 Data analysis CHAPTER 5
Finding
s Recommendations
Conclusion Questionnaire
Bibliography

PREFACE
Our Institute has made a sincere effort in providing linkage between industry an
d students. Industrial Training is a platform for a student to supplement his th
eoretical knowledge with practical knowledge. The main purpose of Industrial Tra
ining is to get an exposure in industrial environment, which is not possible in
classroom. The training also tells about the limitation of the knowledge of a pe
rson and helps in clearing the concept easily and effectively. The Industrial tr
aining also made me aware of the importance of discipline, punctuality, teamwork
, sense of responsibility . I undertook my project at IndSwift. Ltd. It is a pio
neer organization in manufacturing and supplying allopathic and ayurvedic drugs
in India and to other countries. The training is definitely going to play an imp
ortant role in developing an aptitude for handwork and self confidence for my su
ccessful future.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT
I am thankful to Mr. S.R.MEHTA who is chairman of the company for permitting me
to complete the project in such a reputed company in the market. I would like to
thank Mr. J.S. SAINI the project guide of industry who guide me how to work on
project report. Helped me to choose the project topic and provide information ti
me to time. I express an extreme sense of gratitude to Dr. JASDEEP DHAMI for the
ir suggestions to me when I am needed. I wish to thanks the entire staff & worke
rs of IndSwift. LTD for their suggestions, guidance & co-operation.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PROJECT TITLE: EVALUATION STUDY TO ASSESS THE USAGE OF ALLOPATHIC AND
AYURVEDIC PRODUCTS IN VEIWS OF DOCTORS.
My project is to assess the usage of allopathic and ayurvedic by the doctors. In
this survey I found very zigzag results. Every doctors have different type of w
ay to heal particulars . Some doctors used their basic practices and some with c
ombination therapy. This fact is totally depending on the regions. Interior area
gives you the results for combination therapy, where developed cities provides
the basic one . My project sampling was carried out in interior area of Hamirpur
(H.P). and Chandigarh . Sample size is 20 ayush doctors and 20 allopathic docto
rs. Health care in Hamirpur and Chandigarh is provided by allopathic and traditi
onal health care . These health care services are most effective if they are com
patible with the needs and aspiration of the people . Allopathic and ayurveda se
rvices in Hamirpur and Chandigarh provided by private, compounders and health ce
nters of govt. But the difference in Chandigarh and hamirpur is, in hamirpur due
to socio-cultural and economics reasons a modern health care systems not widely
prevalent. So they more depends on traditional systems of medicines. Even in de
veloped country or world the use of complementary and alternative medicines has
been steadily increasing in previous decades. The basic requirement for allopath
ic doctors is allopathy. But ayurveda doctors oftenly use the allopathic medicin
es on the customer preferences, first aid, in emergency. As large no: of acciden
t occurs in daily life so besides giving ayurvedic medicines to patient these ay
urveda doctors often have to take up the other modes of medication. Hence this p
oint accepts the allopathic treatment is life saving drug in emergency. But for
long term, safe, non toxic is herbal . This whole treatment is based on the dise
ases. When a patient is diagnosed with the medical problem, the allopathic docto
rs in audience with cunsultant of traditional therapy

decides on the treatment procedure. If the ailment is critical, the patient is s


ent to the allopathic doctors . For instance, if a person is suffering from asth
ma or bronchial pain or diabetes and is in early stages of diseases, allopathic
medicines along with ayurveda can be suggested. In the way, modern medicines wor
ks to reach the disease while traditional one cure and cleanse the body. To comp
arison both system is impossible. But market survey has still weightage of allop
athic. But ayurveda is on ignition stage.
OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
1> To assess the usage of allopathic or ayurveda system by the doctors. 2> To st
udy the preferences of the systems by the doctors taking the reasons as side eff
ects, time duration, safety. 3> To study the availability the medicines in clini
c or nearby retailers. 4> To know diversifying allopathic to ayurveda by industr
ies is right step or not. 5> To study the order of preferences by the doctors to
wards the different medical professionals.
SCOPE OF THE STUDY:
The scope of study means the subject matter to be researched in the study . It d
efines the overall rationale of the study by explaining the geographically area
of the study along with type of the data. In order to accomplish the objectives
of the project . Survey conducted in Himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh to fill the
questionnaire by the doctors which designed for the purpose of the survey . On
the basis of data collected I analysis the result of the project .
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In order to gets information by various reasons the research methodology is as f
ollows: DATA COLLECTION: Adequate and authentic data is the foundation stone for
an analysis. It is very necessary that the data should be adequate and relevant
so that the analysis which we derive from that data is exact. So data collectio
n requires due attention and care. In order to get the required basic informatio
n

about the usage of medical system by doctors and for what disease . I relied on
both primary data and secondary data.
PRIMARY DATA: Regular visit to the organization i.e.IndSwift Ltd. In Chandigarh
and after regular visit to market and meetings with doctors was made to obtain t
he required information and learn about the market and organisation how it works
. Interviews with the management officials and staff of the organization to get
latest information.
SECONDARY DATA: Books, Magazines, Articles from internet etc. constitute the sec
ondary sources of information for the project report.
SAMPLING PLAN: Universe : The population of study consists of hamirpur and chand
igarh. Sample Size : Sample Sizes 40 respondants. 20 doctors of ayurveda and 20
from allopathic . Sampling Technique : I have used technique of convenience samp
ling. Geographical scope: Hamirpur (h.p) and Chandigarh . . Tool for data analys
is : Percentage method for getting results. doctors and retailers (pharmacy shop
s) I
FINDINGS:
In my market survey I found weightage towards the allopathic products . 35% of a
llopathy doctors use ayurveda medicine in prescription but in case of ayurvedic
doctors 80% of them , they are using allopathic medicine in prescription. I also
find that the combination therapy made by doctors doing great job in healing th
e disease like coronary heart disease , cancer and many more chronicle diseases.
upcoming one. As allopathic is first preference by the doctors but ayurveda is

RECOMMENDATION:
According to findings that in current scenario doctors and patient move towards
the ayurveda but allopathic still rules. I would like to recommend IndSwift 1. D
octors have yet to find a solution for conditions like cancer pain and chronic p
ancreatitis in complementary therapies where modern interventional pain procedur
es are very effective. So herbal drugs use in cancer and heart disease is going
to be popular for the doctors. This finding helps IndSwift to capture market by
manufacturing of anti cancer herbal drug. 2. My findings helps IndSwift that it
should work on herbal medicines but along with allopathic. 3. In future company
get benefit if they prepare combination therapy medicines with no side effect an
d try to be 100% cure guarantee.

CHAPTER- 1 INTRODUCTION TO SUBJECT: AYURVEDA


Ayurveda (Devangar:
, the 'science of life') is a system of traditional medicine nati
to India, and practiced in other parts of the world as a form of alternative med
icine. In Sanskrit, the word Ayurveda comprises the words yus, meaning 'life' and
veda meaning knowledge . Evolving throughout its history, Ayurveda remains an i
nfluential system of medicine in South Asia. The earliest literature of Ayurveda
appeared during the Vedic period in India. The Sushruta Samhita and the Charaka
Samhita were influential works on traditional medicine during this era. Ayurved
ic practitioners also claim to have identified a number of medicinal preparation
s and surgical procedures for curing various ailments and diseases. As per India
n heritage and science "Ayurveda" is a Upa Veda or anexture of four main vedas(K
nowledge Systems). the famous treaties of Ayurveda, "Charaka Samhita" by sage "C
harakan", details the prevention and treatment of disease and "Sushruta Samhita"
of Sage "Sushruta" deals Ayurvedic Surgical procedures. In Ayurvedic system, Pr
evention of all types of

disease have prominent place than treatment, including restructuring of life sty
le to align with the course of nature and four seasons, which will guarantee com
plete wellness. Ayurveda is considered to be a form of complementary and alterna
tive medicine (CAM) within the western world, where several of its methodssuch as
herbs, massage, and Yoga as exercise or alternative medicineare applied on their
own as a form of CAM treatment. Ayurveda believes in five great Elements (Devang
ar:
; earth, water, fire, air and space)-to compose the Universe, including the human
dy.Chyle, blood, flesh, fat, bone, marrow, and semen are believed to be the seve
n primary constituent elements (Devangar:
) of the body.Ayurveda stresses a balance
ree substances: wind/spirit/air, phlegm, and bile, each representing divine forc
es. According to Ayurveda, these three regulatory principles--Doshas (Devangar:
)vat
nd/spirit/air), pitta (bile) and kapha (phlegm)are important. Traditional beliefs
hold that humans possess a unique constellation of Doshas. In Ayurveda, the hum
an body perceives attributes of experiences as 20 Guna (Devangar:
, meaning qualities
).Surgery and surgical instruments are employed. It is believed that building a
healthy metabolic system, attaining good digestion, and proper excretion leads t
o vitality. Ayurveda also focuses on exercise, yoga, meditation, and massage.Thu
s, body, mind, and spirit/consciousness need to be addressed both individually a
nd in unison for health to ensue. The concept of Panchakarma (Devangar:
) is believe
eliminate toxic elements from the body. Eight disciplines of Ayurveda treatment,
called Ashtanga (Devangar:
), are given below:
Surgery (Shalya-chikitsa). Trea
f diseases above the clavicle (Salakyam). Internal medicine (Kaaya-chikitsa). De
monic possession (Bhuta vidya): Ayurveda believes in demonic intervention andas a
form of traditional medicineidentifies a number of ways to counter the supposed e
ffect of these interferences.[13] Bhuta vidya has been called psychiatry.
Pediat
rics (Kaumarabhrtyam). Toxicology (Agadatantram). Prevention and building immuni
ty (rasayanam). Aphrodisiacs (Vajikaranam). Ayurveda gained recognition in the W
estern world as

medical scholars, notably , Frank John Ninivaggi MD of Yale University School of


Medicine, researched and outlined its various postulates in one major textbook
form suitable to Western academic science. In the United States of America, the
NIH NCCAM expends some of its $123 million budget on Ayurvedic medicine research
. In India the government became involved in traditional drug production when th
e Central Drug Research Institute patented two new drugs from ancient Ayurvedic
formulas. One, a mixture of black pepper, long pepper, and ginger, allows for th
e dosage of the antibiotic rifampicin to be halved in the treatment of tuberculo
sis and other mycobacterial infections. The other is a memory tonic produced fro
m the traditional plant called brahmi. Overseas patenting of turmeric and produc
ts of the neem tree caused controversy in India and other nations. In August the
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office canceled a U.S. patent on the wound-healing pr
operties of turmeric when the Indian government proved that records had existed
for this use for centuries.

ALLOPATHY
Allopathic medicine and allopathy (from Greek , s, ther, different + , ths,
are terms cined by Samue Hahnemann, the funder f hmeathy. It meant "the
r than the disease" and it was intended, amng ther things, t int ut hw tr
aditina dctrs used methds that had nthing t d with the symtms created
with the disease, which meant that these methds were harmfu t the atients. O
rigina y intended as a characterizatin f standard medicine in the ear y 19th
century, these terms were rejected by mainstream hysicians and quick y acquired
negative vertnes. During the 19th century it was used wide y amng irregu ar
dctrs as a ejrative term fr regu ar dctrs.In the United States the term "
a athic" has been used by ersns nt re ated t hmeathy, but it has never
been acceted by the medica estab ishment, and is nt a abe that such indivi
dua s a y t themse ves. In the United States, a athic medicine can smetim
es refer t the medica training that eads t the degree Dctr f Medicine rat
her than the degree Dctr f Osteathic Medicine, a thugh this is uncmmn. S
ee cmarisn f MD and DO in the United States. Genera y, a athic medicine
refers t "the brad categry f medica ractice that is smetimes ca ed Weste
rn medicine, bimedicine, scientific

medicine, r mdern medicine", with varying degrees f accetance by medica r


fessina s in different ca es. In articu ar, the terms a athic medicine an
d a athy may be used fr regu ar medicine in a cntext f traditina medicin
e such as Ayurveda as we as in a cntext f cm ementary and a ternative medi
cine such as hmeathy (see hmeathy and a athy). Hwever, many asects f
traditina medicine systems such as Ayurveda r Traditina Chinese medicine a
re themse ves a athic in that they act by sing the atient's symtms.
SUREY STUDY
A athy and ayurveda are as different as day and night, and hence the tw sets
f sing views. Hwever, if ne has t cmare ayurveda and a athy n ne
 atfrm, then such cmarisn might be a tad difficu t. "A athy treats indi
vidua s as an indeendent hysica entity ike a machine. It is further sub-divi
ded int varius rgans and systems ked after by different secia ties. Where
as, ayurveda treats the individua as a wh e, cnsidering him t be a art f t
he universa wh e . A sitive asect in the wh e ayurveda vs a athy issue,
is the fact that, e e are nw en t knw mre abut this ancient science.
A s whi e there might nt be rejudices r bias against the same, there are cer
tain miscncetins, which can n y be dise ed with knw edge and infrmatin
disseminatin. "There are n rejudices surrunding ayurveda. There may be misc
ncetins regarding its ractice. If anything, the interest in this system f me
dicine has been grwing raid y bth in the dmestic and internatina market, a
ttesting t its u arity and widesread accetance. My rject is t assess th
e usage f a athic and ayurvedic by the dctrs. In this survey I fund very
zigzag resu ts. Every dctr have different tye f way t hea articu ars. Sm
e dctrs used their basic ractices and sme with cmbinatin theray. This fac
t is tta y deending n the regins. Interir area gives yu the resu ts fr c
mbinatin theray, where deve ed cities rvides the basic ne. My rject sa
m ing was carried ut in interir area f Hamirur (h.). and Chandigarh . Sam
e size is 20 ayush dctrs and 20 a athic dctrs. Hea th care in hamirur a
nd Chandigarh is rvided by

a athic and traditina hea th care . These hea th care services are mst eff
ective if they are cmatib e with the needs and asiratin f the e e . A 
athic and ayurveda services in Hamirur and Chandigarh rvided by rivate , c
munders and hea th centers f gvt. But the difference in Chandigarh and hamir
ur is, in hamirur due t sci-cu tura and ecnmics reasns a mdern hea th
care systems nt wide y reve ant. S they mre deends n traditina systems 
f medicines . Even in deve ed cuntry r wr d the use f cm ementary and a
ternative medicines has been steadi y increasing in revius decades . The basic
requirement fr a athic dctrs is a athy. But ayus dctrs ften y use t
he a athic medicines n the custmer references, first aid, in emergency. As
arge n: f accident ccurs in dai y ife s besides giving ayurvedic medicine
s t atient these ayush dctrs ften have t take u the ther mdes f medica
tin. Hence this int accets the a athic treatment is ife saving drug in e
mergency. But fr ng term , safe , nn txic is herba . This wh e treatment
is based n the diseases . When a atient is diagnsed with the medica rb em,
the a athic dctrs in audience with cnsu tant f traditina theray decid
es n the treatment rcedure. If the ai ment is critica , the atient is sent t
 the a athic dctrs. Fr instance , if a ersn is suffering frm asthma r
brnchia ain r diabetes and is in ear y stages f diseases , a athic medi
cines a ng with ayurveda can be suggested . In the way, mdern medicines wrks
t reach the disease whi e traditina ne cure and c eanse the bdy. T cmari
sn bth system is imssib e. But market survey has sti weightage f a ath
ic. But ayurveda is n ignitin stage.
LITERATURE AND LITERATURE REIEW
SHANKAR.R.(2001):
A survey f drug use atterns in western Nea Shankar PR, Kumar P, Thedre AM,
Partha P, Sheny N.,Dr.P.Ravi Shankar MD Mr.A.M.Thedre MSc Deartment f Phar
mac gy Deartment f Cmmunity

MedicineMania C ege f Medica Sciences Mania C ege f Medica Sciences


Pkhara, Nea . Pkhara, Nea . Dr.Pawan Kumar MD Dr. Praveen Partha DNB Deartm
ent f Cmmunity Medicine Deartment f Medicine Mania C ege f Medica Scie
nces Mania Teaching Hsita Pkhara, Nea . Pkhara, Nea Mr. Nagesh Sheny
M.Pharm Deartment f Cmmunity Pharmacy Mania Teaching Hsita Pkhara, Nea
. Name f deartments t which the wrk shu d be attributed: Deartments f Ph
armac gy , Cmmunity medicine AND Interna medicine Mania C ege f Medica
Sciences Pkhara, Nea . Name and address f crresnding authr: Dr.P.Ravi Sh
ankar , Deartment f Pharmac gy , Mania C ege f Medica Sciences P.O.Bx
155 , Dee Heights Pkhara, Nea . E-mai : mcms@ms.cm.n athiyi ravi@rediff
mai .cm Abstract: Backgrund: In Nea , traditina hea th care rviders have
an imrtant r e t  ay in the rvisin f hea th services. Nn-dctr rescr
ibing f a athic medicines is cmmn y carried ut by cmunders, hea th ass
istants and ther ractitiners. Se f-treatment in which herba remedies  ay a
arge r e is a s cmmn. Mst f the revius studies have been carried ut in
the Kathmandu va ey. As studies in the Pkhara va ey are acking the resent
study was carried ut. Methds: The study was carried ut in Pkhara sub-metr
itan city and the surrunding vi ages in the mnth f Setember 2001 using a s
emi-structured questinnaire by the hea th wrkers f the cmmunity medicine de
artment. The attern f drug use in the receding 6 mnth erid was nted. Diff
erences in the rrtin f atients using se f-medicatin and

cm ementary medicines accrding t age,  ace f residence and sciecnmic s


tatus f fami y were ana ysed by the z test f rrtins (<0.05). Findings an
d cnc usins: 112 huseh ds were surveyed during the study erid. 120 individ
ua s frm these huseh ds had been rescribed medicatins during the study eri
d. There was a tta f 164 encunters with the hea th care system. Se f-medica
tin was racticed by 39 fami ies during the study erid. Hme remedies accunt
ed fr 18.9 % f the drugs used. 71.6 % f the resndents using rescribed medi
catins had used mdern medicines. Se f-medicatin was mre cmmn amng rura h
useh ds. Imrving accessibi ity t medicines, imrvement f the gvernment h
ea th care system and greater integratin f traditina and mdern hea th care
systems are recmmended. Keywrds: Drugs, medicatin-statistics. Intrductin: H
ea th care in Nea is rvided by bth a athic and traditina hea th care 
rviders. Hea th care services are mst effective if they are cmatib e with th
e needs and asiratins f the e e. A athic services in Nea can be rvi
ded by rivate ractitiners, cmunders and the gvernment hea th centres. Cm
unders are usua y ersns withut a frma medica educatin wh have been w
rking under a registered medica ractitiner he ing him reare medicines, dre
ssing the atients and ding ther jbs in the c inic. They usua y start their
wn c inics after gaining a few years exerience. Traditina hea th care rvid
ers are c assified as: a) Faith hea ers: 1) Dhami-Jhankri 2) Ojha 3) Pandit-Lama
-Gubhaju-Pujari and 4) Jytishi and b) Medica rviders: 1) Baidhya-Kabiraj 2)
Jadi-Buti wa a.1 Dhami-jhankris are faith hea ers wh by beating a drum and ritu
a istic chanting uts the atient int a trance. Pandit, Lama, gubhaju and ujar
is are the riests f the different ethnic and re igius grus f Nea . Baidhy
as and Kabiraj are ayurvedic ractitiners wh use herbs a ng with ther e ixir
s, meta rearatins etc. Jadibuti wa as are herba ists wh use n y herba re
aratins. In Nea due t histrica , sci-cu tura and ecnmic reasns a md
ern hea th care system is nt wide y reva ent. S there is an increased deende
nce n traditina systems f medicine. Even in the deve ed wr d the use f c
m ementary and a ternative medicines (CAM) has Drug-Mnitring-methds, Nn-r
escritin-theraeutic use, Se f-

been steadi y increasing in the revius decade.2,3 In the deve ed cuntries,
atients referring CAM are genera y fema e, f a high sci-ecnmic c ass and
with a mre h istic arach t ife.4,5 In Nea abut tw decades ag studie
e e turned t their Dhami-Jhankris fr much f thei
s has fund that the hi
r hea th care needs.6 Hwever, these studies were main y cncentrated arund the
Kathmandu va ey and majr  itica and sci-ecnmic changes have taken  ac
e in the ast tw decades. Many new medica c eges have cme u a ver Nea
and the number f trained dctrs has increased substantia y.7 Previus y it w
as fund that mst ca e e referred rivate disensaries wned by s-ca e
d cmunders t the free hea th services at the gvernment erated hea th cent
res.8 Unfami iarity with the medica ersnne and absence f medicines were the
reasns cited fr nt referring the hea th centre. In Kaski district and ther
se ected districts f Nea a cmmunity fund has been set u t ensure that the
hea th centres are we stcked with medicines. Se f-treatment f cmmn i nes
ses by ay e e is cmmn in ecnmica y derived cuntries.9,10 Cmmn reas
ns cited fr se f-medicatin are inaccessibi ity f hea th care faci ities, ecn
mic cnstraints and revius exerience f i ness. Since drug-use studies in t
he cmmunity and factrs inf uencing the drug use atterns are acking in Pkhar
a va ey the resent study was carried ut. Methds: The study was carried ut i
n Pkhara sub-metr itan city, western Nea and the surrunding vi ages duri
ng the mnth f Setember 2001. The resndents were interviewed by the hea th w
rkers f the deartment f cmmunity medicine wh were briefed befre hand. A s
emistructured questinnaire was used fr the interviews. The ethnic gru, ccu
atin, average mnth y fami y incme, the number f members in the fami y and th
e address f the resndents were nted. The attern f drug use in the fami ies
in the six mnth erid receding the date f data c ectin was nted. Detai
s abut the atient wh had used medicines in the revius six mnths, the syste
m f medicine referred, the ractitiner and the surce f medicine was a s c
ected. Detai s abut the medicines, the atient utcme and the arximate ex
enditure n the medicines were nted. If re evant the reasn fr referring cm
 ementary and a ternative medicines(CAM) were a s nted. Resndents were aske
d abut any se f-medicatin eisdes

in their fami y during the receding six mnths. The reasn fr nt cnsu ting a
dctr and detai s f the medicines used fr se f-medicatin was c ected. Dif
ferences in the rrtin f atients using se f-medicatin and cm ementary m
edicines accrding t age,  ace f residence and sci-ecnmic status f fami
y were ana ysed using the z test f rrtins. A  va ue < 0.05 was taken as s
tatistica y significant. Resu ts: One hundred and twe ve resndents were inter
viewed using the questinnaire during the study erid. Eighty seven f the 112
huseh ds surveyed (77.7 %) were ma e headed. The cmmnest ethnic gru encun
tered in the study was Brahmins 34(30.3 %). Other significant grus were Gurung
s 15 (13.4 %) and Chettris 13 (11.6%). Sixty ne f the tta f 112 huseh ds
were engaged in nn agricu tura ursuits. Fifty tw huseh ds were midd e c as
s by Nea ese standards with an average mnth y incme between 1000 and 3000 Ne
a ese ruees (13 and 40 US d ars). Twenty tw huseh ds were r with an ave
rage mnth y incme ess than 1000 ruees (13 US d ars). Majrity f the huse
h ds (66.9 %) had ess than 6 members. Eighty huseh ds were urban and the res
t were rura . Seventy fur huseh ds (66 %) had used rescribed medicatins dur
ing the study erid. One hundred and twenty individua s had been rescribed med
icines during the erid. Frty three f the tta f 120 individua s wh had us
ed medicines were aged between 20-30 years. The next cmmnest age gru was bet
ween the years 40-50. The 120 resndents had a tta f 164 encunters with the
hea th care system in the 6 mnth erid receding the study. Mdern a athic
medicines were rescribed in 118 encunters. The atients had visited mre than
ne ractitiner fr an eisde f i ness. The dctr and the hea th assistant
were the cmmn y visited ractitiners and accunted fr 28 % and 27.4 % f th
e tta visits. Twenty eight % f the visits were t a CAM ractitiner. The med
ica sh was the cmmnest surce f medicines fr the resndents f the study
. The medica shs s d drugs bth n rescritin and a s n demand frm the
resndents withut a rescritin. The medica shs genera y s d a athic
medicines a ng with a few CAM remedies. In the 164 encunters a tta f 217 dr
ugs were rescribed giving an average f 1.32 drugs er encunter.

Traditina medicines cnstituted 32.2 % f the tta drugs cnsumed. The cmmn
est a athic medicines cnsumed were antibitics and aracetam accunting f
r 24.3 % and 18 % f the tta drugs rescribed. The arximate fami y exendit
ure n medicatins during the receding six mnth erid was ess than 100 ruee
s (1.25 US d ars) in 32.9 % f the cases and mre than 250 ruees (4 US d ar
s) in 34 % f the cases. Se f-medicatin was racticed by 39 fami ies f the 112
surveyed in the study. The cmmnest drug was aracetam accunting fr 41.3 %
f the drugs used. Traditina hme remedies accunted fr 18.9 % f the drugs
used fr se f-medicatin. The cmmn surces f drugs used were the medica str
e and herbs and rts frm the surrunding frests and a s btained frm the c
urtyards f the huses. Amng the 39 fami ies wh had taken se f-medicatin and
hme remedies in the receding 6 mnth erid, 24 fami ies had sent ess than 7
5 Nea ese ruees (1 US d ar), 12 fami ies had sent between 75 and 225 Nea e
se ruees (1 and 3 US d ars) whi e 3 fami ies had sent ver 225 Nea ese rue
es (3 US d ars). A significant y greater rrtin f individua s abve the a
ge f 30 years had used cm ementary medicines cmared t thse ess than r e
qua t 30 years f age (z=2.46, <0.05). CAM usage was a s significant y highe
r amng fami ies with an average mnth y incme ess than 1000 ruees (13 US d
ars). The cmmnest reasns cited fr using CAM remedies were faith in the rac
titiner and ess side effects. The reasns cited fr the use f mdern a ath
ic medicines frm ractitiners ther than dctrs were nn-avai abi ity r decr
eased accessibi ity f dctrs r the dctr was exensive. The reasns given f
r se f-medicatin were sim e i ness, revius exerience f treating a simi ar
i ness and medicina herbs were easi y avai ab e in the curtyard f the huse
. Discussin: The cmmnest ethnic gru encuntered in the study were Brahmins
f wed by Gurungs and Chettris. This crresnds t the data in the District d
eve ment rfi e f Nea .Mst f the resndents in the study were engaged in
nn-agricu tura ccuatins and this cu d be because 80 % f the resndents
were residing in Pkhara city.

A tta f 217 drugs were rescribed during the 6 mnth erid which was studied
. This is difficu t t cmare with revius studies as the u atin and sci
ecnmic arameters are different. 71.6 % f the resndents using medicines had
used mdern medicines. In a revius study based n the meta-ana ysis f itera
ture mre than 50 % f e e in Nea had used CAM remedies. The higher use f
a athic medicines cu d be due t ur study u atin being mre urban and t
he ecnmic deve ment indices f Kaski district being higher than f mst the
r regins in Nea . The resndents had visited mre than ne ractitiner durin
g an eisde f i ness. Cmmn reasns cited were the i ness was nt cured, e
rsna attentin was nt given by the ractitiner and the atient did nt have
sufficient faith in the ractitiner. The resndents referred CAM remedies es
ecia y fr chrnic i nesses which is simi ar t the findings in revius studi
es.12,13 The dctr and the hea th assistant were the cmmn y visited ractiti
ners. Dctrs in rivate ractice accunted fr 60.2 % f the tta visits t d
ctrs. The uti isatin f gvernment hea th faci ities was wer than that rer
ted by revius studies in Ethiia and Thai and. In a revius study in Nea 
rivate ractitiners were fund t be mre u ar than the gvernment hea th e
rsnne The reasns cited fr the reference were the rivate ractitiners were
ca e e and were mre accessib e at any time f the day r night. A rr
tin f the resndents had visited gvernment dctrs as rivate atients when
they were ding rivate ractice in the evenings. CAM remedies cntinue t be 
u ar bth as hme remedies and n rescritin by a CAM ractitiner. Herba re
medies as shwn in a revius study are easi y avai ab e and in Nea knw edge
f herba remedies recedes that f western medicines. CAM ractitiners are usu
a y vi age e ders and ccuy a high  ace in the sciety. Their sitin can b
e used t increase the accetance f mdern medica ractices inc uding immunisa
tin amng the rura u atin. There shu d be greater integratin f mdern a
nd traditina medica systems which has been achieved t arge extent in the fa
r eastern Asian cuntries.17 The medica sh was the cmmnest surce f medici
nes. Medica shs are cmmn in bth the urban and rura areas f Nea and tra
ining f the drug retai ers has been tried as an arach t imrving the qua i
ty f medica care.18,19 The use f CAM remedies was significant y higher amng
ersns abve the

age f 30 years and amng fami ies f w sciecnmic status. The use was a s
significant y higher amng rura huseh ds. S ecnmic criteria, ack f acce
ssibi ity t mdern hea th care systems and easy avai abi ity f herba remedies
were the cmmn factrs redissing t the use f CAM remedies in Nea . Se ftreatment and hme remedies are a cmmn and ften necessary art f hea th care
. The reasns cmmn y cited fr se f-medicatin were easy avai abi ity f herbs
, revius exerience f treating a simi ar i ness and ecnmic cnstraints. Th
ese were simi ar t the reasns cited in revius studies.11,19 Thirty nine fami
ies surveyed had used se f-medicatin which is simi ar t rerts in the itera
ture.15,21 Ana gesics were the cmmnest drugs used fr se f-medicatin. Se fmed
icatin was mre cmmn amng rura huseh ds (z=3.2, <0.05) cmared t urban
nes. Drug harding has been rerted in the iterature 14 and distance is an i
mrtant factr inf uencing the uti isatin f hea th services.8 Because f the
difficu ty in reaching hea th care services and because the medica shs are wi
de y distributed in the vi ages the rura u atin may be mre rne fr se f
-medicatin ractices. Increased accessibi ity t medicines, imrvement f the
gvernment hea th care system and a greater integratin f traditina and mder
n hea th systems wi he  t imrve the hea th status f the u atin. Furth
er studies t assess drug use atterns and hea th care needs f the u atin a
re urgent y required. References: 1. Gartu a RP. A ternative medicatin racti
ces (dissertatin). Darjee ing( India). Centre fr Hima ayan Studies, Nrth Beng
a University, 1992. 2. Ni ssn M, Trehn G, As und K. Use f cm ementary and
a ternative medicine remedies in Sweden. A u atin-based ngitudina study w
ithin the nrthern Sweden MONICA rject. J Int Med 2001;250(3):225-33. 3. Kess
er RC, Davis RB, Fster DF, an Rmay MI, Wa ters EE, Wi key SA et a . Lng ter
m trends in the use f cm ementary and a ternative medica theraies in the Un
ited States. Ann Int Med 2001;250(3):262-8.

4. Mitzdrf U, Beck K, Hrtn-Hausknecht J, Weidenhammer W, Kindermann A, Takaes


M et a . Why d atients seek treatment in hsita s f cm ementary medicine.
J A tern Cm ement Med 1999;5(5):463-73. 5. Furnham A, Kirkca dy B. The hea th
be iefs and behaviurs f rthdx and cm ementary medicine c ients. Br J C i
n Psych 1996;35:49-61. 6. Shrestha R, Lediard M. Faith-hea ers: A frce fr ch
ange. UNICEF, Kathmandu, 1980. 7. Sharma HB, Gautam RP, aidya S. (Eds.) Distric
t deve ment rfi e f Nea . Infrma sectr research and study center, Kathm
andu, 2001. 8. Dhunge B. Accessibi ity t scia services in rura Nea : a cas
e study in Kavre district (dissertatin). Bangkk. Asian institute f techn gy
, 1983. 9. Chau agai CN. Cmmunity financing fr essentia drugs in Nea . Wr d
Hea th Frum 1995;16(1):92-4. Tab e 1: Surces f medicine sught by the resn
dents during hea th encunters N. f encunters Surce Medica sh Hea th st
Traditina ractitiners Hme remedies Hsita Tta 61 41 32 24 6 164
Tab e 2: Number f visits t a cm ementary medicine ractitiner accrding t
the age f the atients
Age f atient

30 years System f medicine Mdern Cm ementary Tta 66 16 82


>30 years Tta
52 30 82
118 46 164+
z va ue = 2.46, <0.05 + The 120 ersns wh had been rescribed medicines in th
e 6 mnth erid under eva uatin had made mu ti e visits t the ractitiners
Tab e 3: Cm ementary medicine use accrding t the sciecnmic status f the
fami y System f medicine Average mnth y incme (Rs.) <1000 1000-3000 >3000 T
ta Mdern 17 58 43 118 Cm ementary 19 , 12 15 46
Tta
36 70 58 164+
z = 2.7, <0.05 cmared t the gru with average mnth y incme greater than 3
000
z =4, <0.05 cmared t the gru with average mnth y incme between 1000
and 3000 + The 120 ersns wh had been rescribed medicines in the 6 mnth eri
d under eva uatin had made mu ti e visits t the ractitiners . Tab e 4: Rur
a -urban differences in the frequency f se f-medicatin

Se f-medicatin P ace f residence Urban Rura Tta


15 24 39 Nt used 58 15 76

z va ue =4.55, <0.05 Used

Tta
73 39 112
REIEW
In Nea , traditina hea th care rviders have an imrtant r e t  ay in th
e rvisin f hea th services. Nn-dctr rescribing f a athic medicines i
s cmmn y carried ut by cmunders, hea th assistants and ther ractitiners
. Se f-treatment in which herba remedies  ay a arge r e is a s cmmn. Mst
f the revius studies have been carried ut in the Kathmandu va ey. As studi
es in the Pkhara va ey are acking the resent study was carried ut. Methds:
The study was carried ut in Pkhara sub-metr itan city and the surrunding
vi ages in the mnth f Setember 2001 using a semi-structured questinnaire by
the hea th wrkers f the cmmunity medicine deartment. The attern f drug us
e in the receding 6 mnth erid was nted. The dctr and the hea th assistant
were the cmmn y visited ractitiners. Dctrs in rivate ractice accunted
fr 60.2 % f the tta visits t dctrs. The uti isatin f gvernment hea th
faci ities was wer than that rerted by revius studies in Ethiia and Thai
and. In a revius study in Nea rivate ractitiners were fund t be mre 
u ar than the gvernment hea th ersnne The reasns cited fr the reference
were the rivate ractitiners were ca e e and were mre accessib e at an
y time f the day r night. A rrtin f the resndents had visited gvernme
nt dctrs as rivate atients when they were ding rivate ractice in the even
ings. CAM remedies cntinue t be u ar bth as hme remedies and n rescrit
in by a CAM ractitiner. Herba remedies as shwn in a revius study are easi
y avai ab e and in Nea knw edge f herba remedies recedes that f western
medicines. CAM ractitiners are usua y vi age e ders and ccuy a high  ace
in the sciety. Their sitin can be used t increase the

accetance f mdern medica ractices inc uding immunisatin amng the rura 
u atin. There shu d be greater integratin f mdern and traditina medica
systems which has been achieved t arge extent in the far eastern Asian cuntri
es. The medica sh was the cmmnest surce f medicines. Medica shs are c
mmn in bth the urban and rura areas f Nea and training f the drug retai e
rs has been tried as an arach t medica care. 2.REIEW OF LITERATURE: ALLOPA
THIC /S AYUREDA PRACTISES IN
TERTIARY CARE INSTITUTE URBAN NORTH INDIA. (THIS RESEARCH PAPER IS ATTACHED ALON
G WITH THIS FILE PLEASE SEE ADOBE READER FILE )
REIEW
This study c ear y indicated the u arity f crss-athy ractises amng bth
qua ified a athic and ayurvedic ractitiners. Hwever, c ause 1.13 f medica
cunci f India rhibits the a athic ractitiners frm a athic system
f medicine. Hence, there is urgent need t undertake educatina and rerienta
tin rgrammes f registered medica ractitiner regarding varius MCI ru es a
nd regu atins. Even the ayurvedic ractitiners need t be adequate y trained t
 recgnize cnditins that require referra s t a athic ractitiner. Mrev
er arge sca e eidemi gy studies shu d be cnducted bth in the urban and ru
ra art f the cuntry, cmaring the trend f crss-athy ractises amng qua
ified ractitiner f the bth system f medicines as we as cmaring the tren
d f CAM and a athic drugs use as se f medicatin between different sectins
f the sciety . Nnethe ess, high qua ity, c inica trai s are required t esta
b ish the safety and efficacy f ayurvedic drugs . The benefit f the atient i
es in the tima ba ance and evidence based use f the tw systems and this nee
ds t be encuraged esecia y in deve ing cuntries ike INDIA with inadequat
e dctr atient rati.
CHAPTER-2
INTRODUCTION OF COMPANY

BRIEF PROFILE OF IND SWIFT GROUP Ind Swift Gru, a egendary frename in the w
r d C ass Pharmaceutica Industry wh has braden its hrizns by  ucking rf
und & sark ing ftrints n mu tifarius diversified frnts, whi st ging stea
di y and sure y, scriting a success stry fi ed with enviab e mi estnes and 
ineering breakthrughs and has subsequent y emergent as a gru with an annua
turn ver f 1600 Crre. ORGANISATIONAL STRUCTURE-IND SWIFT GROUP Ind Swift gru
, as harmaceutica business mde is ne f India's argest manufacturer f hi
gh grwth mu ti segment harmaceutica finished dsage frms and API's (Active P
harmaceutica Ingredients). Manufacturing f Pharmaceutica finished dsage are
carried ut at 7 state-f-the art manufacturing faci ities which are secnd t t
he nne are du y certified and arved by WHO GMP, sread ver an area f 12, 0
0, 000 sq. ft. with manufacturing caacities cnfirming t stringent TGA/MHRA a
rva s; ssessing an insta ed caacities f 3 bi in units cmrising tab et
s, casu es, Ointments, Injectab e, Liquids & Dry Syru (a
atest frmu atins
with a marketing netwrk. API sectin has sread ver an area f 7 Lac sq. ft,
carried ut at 3 different state-f-the-art units arved by USFDA and E.U regu
atry authrities with a marketing netwrk sread ver in 40 cuntries viz. Eur
e/USA/Midd e East ssessing 2 atented m ecu es with 11 m ecu es in ffing
It ssesses 50% exrts ercentage. Ind Swift entered int bu k drugs with its
wn Research and Deve ment faci ity and abratries at Derabassi. Later n, t
hse units gt USFDA arva and gt the rcess atents fr C arithrmycin fr
US and a ied markets and further five mre atent drugs await c earance fr th
e mment. A jint venture with Iran has a s been signed fr the manufacturing 
f C arithrmycin with cnstructin underway and wi start eratins by the end
2008. The cmany has ffices and su ies harma drugs nt n y in India but 
verseas as we .
R & D (Research & Deve ment)

Ind Swift is knwn fr it's reverse engineering abi ity with high y fcused R &
D caabi ities (du y arved by Deartment f Science & Techn gy, Gvt. f In
dia) and is equied with state-f-the-art equiment, faci ities and ta ented 
 f scientists and Researchers. A we acceted exertise in NDDS, in India an
d the wr d ver. A US atent fr C arie OD, with a market size f US$ 300 mi i
n. Anther atent fr Fexfenadine ODT with a market size f US$ 2.5 bi in. D
eve ment f 10 new m ecu es with a market size f US$ 6 bi in. Ind Swift's
effrts and achievements in taste masking f macr ides was India's first.......
.. and remains the n y feat f its kind in the cuntry. The R &D deartment is
a s inv ved in creating internatina rtunities and a iances fr CRAMS bu
siness, cntributing significant y t the Cmany's rfitabi ity. It a s ffer
s cm ete surt t internatina artners fr rearing and fi ing dssiers f
r finished dsages. By taking giant strides n rads ess trave ed, Ind-Swift h
as becme ne f India's fastest grwing harmaceutica cmanies.
R & D's Achievement
Its ineering R & D effrts have ed t the creatin and intrductin f b ckb
wering dr
uster drugs ike: Atrvastatin One f the mst effective ch ester
ugs with an estimated market size f US$ 12 bi in. Nitazxanide a wnder, ne
f its kind anti-diarrhea with a market f US$ 6 bi in. Pig itazne an antidiabetic drug ranked amng the first five in its Theraeutic segment. Arthri a
n herba wnder fr the treatment f Arthritis. Anarct an ayurvedic rduct r
viding re ief frm i es within 24 hurs with n a athic cmetitr. Ind-Swif
t has strategic R&D and manufacturing a iances with cmanies in the United Kin
gdm, Turkey and Iran. In frmu atins frnt, Ind Swift rud f its mu tifariu
s achievements viz. Neurhen frte, a cmsitin f Iburfen & Acetamenfen.
Ind Swift is the cmany t give this cmsitin t the cuntry fr the first t
ime. Anther frmu atin i.e. Surx SR, a cmsitin f Isxrine

He , sustained re ease tab ets was first time aunched in India in tab et frm.
Muth diss ving tab ets techn gy was intrduced fr the first time in India b
y Ind Swift. The cmany tday stands secnd in the nrth in harmaceutica sect
r. It is an hnur t add here that we are amng the t 500 frtune cmanies
f India and have been ranked at N. 35 by IMS/ORG in Pharmaceutica industry &
ssess a rtf i f 650 rducts with resence in high grwth theraeutic seg
ments f Cardi gy, Diabet gy, Anti deressant, anti-a ergic, Anti- infectiv
e, Neur gy & Onc gy with a natin wide distributin netwrk cmrising 1200
marketing rfessina wrking with 12 marketing divisins, 50 ffices in India,
3000 suer stckists and stckists.
Sark ing ftstes n diversificatin frnt are as under mentined:Infrastructu
res: Ind Swift has radianced u in infrastructures business in the name and sty
e f Ind Swift Infrastructures and deve ers Ltd, and has cme u with a mu ti c
rre rject named Rega ia Twers, f curse a sciety with 2 bedrm /3 bedrm f
ats and enthuses wing a mystique which is exem ary in itse f which nt n y
ref ects a diversified transfrmative se t infrastructures frnt but a uniq
ue state f art with the best f secificatins a s. In infrastructures, Ind Sw
ift  ans t be emergent with mte s & Resrts rject in the ucming hases.
Pub ishing & Packagings:
Ind Swift by virtue f its strng business acumen has a s ut a ste in the fie
d f ub icatins a s in the name and sty e f Mansa Print & Pub ishers Ltd's
which has hvered ver the industry within a very shrt san by cming u with A
uminum Divisin in 2007 wherein the manufacturing & rinting f varius tye f
ackaging materia viz. A uminium c asib e tubes, mn cartns etc is undert
aken and nw wi add a new feather in ISL's ca by aunching a searate unit f
r PE, Lami tubes and PET btt es. Nt n y this it further rses t cme u w
ith a statinary unit fr which the bui ding has a ready been cnstructed. The t
ta  an wi increase Mansa's sa e by 200%. Anther rject fr Injunctin mu
ding has a s been rsed. Bth these  ants have a tta ayut  an ut f
Rs. 40 crre.
Media & Pub icatin:

Ind Swift has fcused u in media & ub icatin sectr under the name Ind Swift C
mmunicatins Pvt. Ltd with its i ustrius and infmercia jurna s as Pharmabuzz,
Trendz, ADI (Drug Index), Agrvet and further rses t cme u with Genera ma
gazines
and tab ids.
Sftware Deve ment:
Ind Swift has a s entered int IT & sftware with their initia rjects f dev
e ing web rta s, search engines timizatins, website deve ment, sftware
& ERP systems deve ment. Its initia rta s which are a ready n air are OTC
mart.cm, buysweethme.cm, ainting &htgrahs.cm, dctrsn ine.cm & ayur
vedaherbs.cm.
Sark ing ftstes n diversificatin in Educatin frnt are undermentined:Swi
ft Institute:Our Swift Institute is exc usive y diverse frm the  enteus riva
te educatina institutins cring u in Nrth India, having wr d c ass infra
structure, facu ty, abratries and ther faci ities. T initiate with, we have
instituted six mnths Industria Training Curses in Pharmaceutica Sciences, f
r Oeratr Leve Training which has enab ed the 10th r 10+2 students t start
a career in the bming Pharma industry & unti nw we have a ready trained and
 aced mre than 400 students at Ind Swift which we fee cntributes a t t th
e ski ed manwer starving industry. Swift Fundamenta Research Educatin : SFR
E (Swift Fundamenta Research Educatin ) is a sciety made under the banner f
Ind Swift which has recent y aid an anther ste n the diversificatin sree a
nd has frayed u with a Pharmacy c ege at Rajura with the name & sty e f Swi
ft Sch f Pharmacy, and is a unique state f art with the best f secificati
ns a s. With this new venture f IND SWIFT, we have been ranked as the ineers
in this art f the cuntry having a s id harmaceutica industria backgrund
t cme u with ur wn

Pharmacy & Nursing institute. The institute wi be eratina frm current ses
sin year 20082009 with an intake f 60 students in the fie d f Pharmacy and Nu
rsing each, in the first year by virtue f its high resurcefu ness and knw-hw
rvide qua ity educatin t ne and a , asiring careers in the fie
and wi
d f Pharmacy. We manifest t be imminent with Engineering, Architecture, Manage
ment, Hte Management, Genera Management, Sch s f Dentistry, Ayurveda Physi
theray and Medica Techn gy and fina y a Medica C ege with its functini
ng eratina by 2010-11 under the budget f Rs. 250 Crre with a secific targ
et n Medica Turism. Dmestic Marketing: The cmany's new divisin diagnsis de
a ing in medica equiments & devices thereby fcusing ersna hea th care was
aunched in December 2007 and has ref ected rmising erfrmance & is grwing
eas and bunds frm the first mnth f its aunch which has given utmst cnfid
ence t the cmany t get the aggrandized sa es and cntributin nt in the cur
rent year but in the frthcming years as we . Nt n y this, the divisin rj
ects t achieve a business bjective f 10 crres with imressive cntributin t
 ISL and ssesses a strategy f adding u few ther secia ty rducts in the
existing range f ersna hea th care & Academic Bdy mde series. Anther div
isin aunched by yur cmany is Anima Hea th Care which is an abs ute y new c
ncet with utsurced marketing and has rved ut t be an individua rfit ce
nter. Aart frm strugg ing uhi
fr the current range f rducts ur Ethica
marketing have intrduced thse rducts during the year which are mn istic
in nature viz. Cirrh iv which has rved ut t be a remedy in Heatitis and 
ther iver disrders. Other brands intrduced by yur cmany during the year ar
e Tc av 625, Emtee 25 and Timc Eye Drs. In Generics, yur cmany emerged
as the 2nd rank Pharma Generic cmany and has attained the fame f featuring it
s few brands (Amyc x, Swimx, Ox, Swif x and Cafzne (a ready achieving the s
a es grwth ver 25 crre) as the t brands in Generics. Cmany's brand Swimx
has been en isted amng eading brands in ORG IMS and Amyc x eads the que am
ng t 300 brands f the industry. Annua grwth fr the cmany during the year
is 36.73%.
RESEARCH & DEELOPMENT

Lking at the current scenari where the harmaceutica majrs are engaged in t
he advancement f R & D, we have been cmetent enugh t wrk ut n nn infrin
ging rcesses, Nve Drug De ivery Systems, dssiers, stabi ity data rfi ing,
cncetua izatin f new m ecu es (and therefre a nmber f rduct cmbinati
n have been deve ed and are ready t be aunched by ur marketing divisins).
Yur cmany's R&D is inv ved in creating internatina rtunities and a ia
nces fr CRAMS (secia y cntract Research) t make it cntribute 30% f rfit
s. Ti date tw majr cntracts were signed an have been de ivered. We are he
fu t attain mre cntracts n rduct deve ment and stabi ity data rfi ing
. Aart frm this, we are a ying invincib e effrts t get arva s fr a Bi
-equiva ence centre which wi further strengthen the basket f R&D. T strength
en the CRAMS business t the exquisite eve , yur cmany is tying u with vari
us academic institutes. By virtue f the hard endeavrs f R&D a thrugh the
year, unique cmbinatins/NDDS f sing e m ecu e are arund the crner and awai
ting aunch by this year. Aart frm this, R&D is emhasizing n a majr area wh
ich is cst Reductin. Mre than 5% f tta revenues have been  anned t send
n the cmany's R&D and the same wi be cntinued in the frthcming years as
we . Units f IndSwift: IndSwift has tw units in PARWANOO and tw in BADDI.
Missin:

isin:

Ind Swift Ltd. Mving twards INR - 1000Cr. by 2010

a ues
1.Cnsistent Prfitab e Perfrmance 2. Cmmitment t maximize the wea th f ur
shareh ders and catering t the interests f ur custmers and em yees. 3. In
nvatin t Nurture Gd Partnershis with Custmers 4. Deve  theraies and r
cesses and rvide services f the highest va ue t nurture gd artnershis w
ith custmers 5. Resnsibi ity twards Envirnment, Safety and Hea th 6.Nurturi
ng the undying sirit fr researching active substances t cmbat disease, rte
ct the envirnments we inhabit, and the Sciety we serve. 7.Cmmitment t the Hi
ghest Standards f Ethics & Integrity 8.Actins in accrdance with wrds and va
ues. Resecting the aws in business ethics f the cuntries in which we erate
. 9.a uing the Abi ity t Exce , Integrity, Knw edge, Ski , Diversity and Tea
m wrk f Em yees 10.Treat everyne fair y and with resect t create an envir
nment f Mutua resect, encuragement and teamwrk.
Future and histry:
In tdays world of rapid change, future shock is no longer shocking. To those who
do not plan for future, future may come too soon. But to those with careful pre
paration and accurate anticipation, to those with vision, future is where we are
going to prosper. Towards which desirable end, we endeavour today. With promisi
ng molecules in our manufacturing pipeline, we are going to meet our future with
great preparation and nonchalance.

For details visit our group companys website Indswift Labs Limited. To develop va
rious types of NDDS for selected therapeutic segments. 12 new drug / combination
being developed under NDDS to be introduced first time in India. Contract resea
rch Contract manufacturing Joint ventures in marketing finished dosage forms in
India, SAARC and South East Asian countries. - Dedicated to be an integrated hea
lthcare company: - Chain of Multi -specialty hospitals - Pharmacy chain - Chain
of diagnostic laboratories CHRONICLE: 2007-2008 Company has achieved the 35th ra
nk among top 300 pharma industries in 2007-08 Company has got international appr
ovals viz. MHRA(UK),TGA(Australia),WHO(Geneva) and other such regularly bodies.
We achieved MoH(UAE),TFDA(Tanzania),NDA(Uganda) and DACA(Ethiopia). The company
s new division Diagnozis dealing in medical equipments and devices was launched
in December 2007. Animal Health Care is another division launched by our company
which is absolutely new concept with outsourced marketing. Ethical marketing Di
vision of the company introduced products during the year viz. Cirrholiv useful
in curing Hepatities and other liver disorders. In Generics,company merged as th
e 2nd rank Pharma Generic Company New brands in Generic are Amyclox,Swimox,Oxo,S
wiflox and Cafzone achieving the sales growth over 25 crore. Companys manufactu
ring unit at Parwanoo has also been upgraded as per WHO standards. Companys Glo
bal Business unit (GBU) at Derabassi has got MHRA & TGA approval. Manufacturing
unit at Baddi(H.P.) received WHO GMP certification for tablet/SVP/Liquid manufac
turing. 2006-2007

Company has entered in an advanced stage of Launching its products in the Intern
ational Markets. The Companys 100% Export Oriented Global Business Unit,(GBU) i
s complaint to the GMP specifications of MHRA(UK),TGA(Australia) and other regul
atory bodies. Company also launched its product in Kenya and Senegal. The Compan
y has filled more than 100 dossiers for registration in about 20 countries aroun
d the world stretching from South America to Philippines. The third new division
is Agile which has been launched in joint venture with a Dubai based Pharma com
pany focusing on Pain Management & Anti-infectives. The Company introduced vario
us new product ranges in the domestic markets through its 12 marketing divisions
,a total of 40 offices in India,3000 stockists & superstockists across the count
ry with an enhanced field force of 1400 marketing professionals endeavoring hard
in broaden therapeutic segments of Cardiology,Diabetology,Neurology and Oncolog
y. Company has been ranked 41st among top 50 leading pharmaceutical giants. Comp
any R&D with available scientific pool of 100 scientists working on different pr
ojects on dossiers,DMFS in CTD formats,stability data profile,conceptualization
of new molecules,planning for bioequivalence and clinicals. More than 5% of tota
l revenues have been planned to spend on the companys R&D . Companys another f
eather in its cap is its new manufacturing facility for soft gelatin encapsulati
on with an annual capacity of 35 Crore Soft gelatin Capsules, which will be put
into operation during current financial year. 2004-2005 Launched combination of
Nitazoxanide and Ofloxacin, with the brand name Netazox-OF, first time in Asia.
Ind Swift Group achieved a turnover of 480 crores. 2004 Launched Mukur Division
with focus on ophthalmology, neuropsychiatry and ENT. Another division launched
by the name Resurgence catering to the Anesthesiology and Oncology segments. Ind
-Swift group achieved a turnover of INR 375 Crores. Launched Nitazoxanide, an an
tidiarrhoeal drug, first time in India after successful clinical trials.

Got DGQA registration Opened first overseas office in New Jersey, USA 2003 Ind-S
wift group achieved a turnover of INR 300 Crores Launched another division by th
e name Ind-Swift Biosciences. Ind-Swift enters into formulations export to 6 cou
ntries. Filed Patent in US for Clarithromycin 2002 Bagged ISO 9001-2000 Certific
ation. Attained leading position in the world in the products like Clarithromyci
n granules Exports to almost 40 countries in the world and set up eleven represe
ntative offices worldwide. 2001 Launch of Institution/Hospital Division. 2nd Com
pany to launch Pioglitazone and Candesartan in India 2000 Launched Super Special
ty Division (SSD) focusing on Cardiology and Diabetology segments. 1997 A 30 cro
re multipurpose plant commissioned with five independent blocks erected as per c
GMP and US FDA standards, designed by Quara, Switzerland. Another Marketing Divi
sion launched with the name Ind-Swift Health Care. 1996 Ind-Swift floated Ind-Sw
ift Laboratories Limited in 1995 to initiate a backward integration into the man
ufacturing of APIs and advanced intermediates. 1994 Ind-Swift went public with i
ssues oversubscribed 52 times 1991 Set up a manufacturing facility for injectabl
es and eye/ear drops. 1986 Birth of Ind-Swift limited. Introduced for the first
time in India sustained release tablet of Isoxsuprine HCL 1983

Year of Foundation
MARKETING:

1000 professionals in different divisions market finished dosage forms throughou
t the Over 40 offices in India Eleven representative Offices worldwide. Strong d
octors base of over 2.5 lakh doctors of various specialties. Strong retailer cov
erage base of over 3 lakh retailers. Stockists base of over 3000 all over India
country.
MANUFACTURING:

All the manufacturing units are designed to comply with current GMP norms as pro
posed
by stringest world regulatory bodies like USFDA, MHRA, EU, and WHO, and accredit
ations from ISO 14000 Ind-Swift is known as one of the biggest global bulk produ
cers of APIs like clarithromycin, fexofenadine, atorvastatin etc. (For details v
isit our group companys website Ind-Swift Labs Limited.) trials Launched combinat
ion of Nitazoxanide and Ofloxacin, with the brand name Netazox-OF, Launched Nita
zoxanide, an antidiarrhoeal drug, first time in India after successful clinical
first time in Asia

QUICK FINANCIAL SYNOPSIS:


BRIEF: For the fiscal year ended 31 March 2009, IND Swift Ltds revenues increas
ed 14% to RS5.92B. Net income increased 1% to RS314.5M. Revenues reflect an incr
ease in income from operations. Net income was partially offset by an increase i
n consumption of raw materials, higher purchase of traded goods, an increase in
employee cost, higher depreciation & amortisation expenses and lower other incom
e. Price Performance Period 4 Week 13 Week 26 Week 52 Week YTD Price History Per
iod 12 Month High 12 Month Low Current P/E
Balance sheet
Mar  08 Mar  07 Mar  06 Mar  05 Mar  04
Actual (%) 4.90 32.49 61.64 -13.77 53.93 Value 26.80 10.50 2.41
Sources of funds
Owners fund

Mar  08 Equity share capital Share application money Preference share capital R
eserves & surplus 7.44 0.16 170.62
Mar  07 7.44 0.16 141.17
Mar  06 7.44 2.95 119.34
Mar  05 7.28 3.10 102.52
Mar  04 4.63 6.04 65.74
Loan funds
Secured loans Unsecured loans Total 308.91 83.00 570.12 227.50 74.80 451.07 153.
09 40.58 323.39 90.36 27.08 230.33 49.63 18.02 144.06
Uses of funds
Fixed assets Gross block Less : revaluation reserve Less : accumulated depreciat
ion Net block Capital work-in-progress Investments 159.34 18.12 141.22 97.49 28.
30 96.99 12.07 84.92 98.75 18.76 50.80 8.28 42.52 88.85 15.39 32.23 6.20 26.03 2
2.88 18.67 23.90 4.88 19.02 4.70 14.75
Net current assets
Current assets, loans & advances Less : current liabilities & provisions Total n
et current assets Miscellaneous expenses not written Total 425.04 147.18 277.86
25.25 570.12 330.58 106.94 223.65 24.99 451.07 218.45 60.33 158.12 18.51 323.39
192.76 41.22 151.54 11.22 230.33 137.36 37.54 99.82 5.76 144.06
Notes:
Book value of unquoted investments Market value of quoted investments Contingent
liabilities Number of equity sharesoutstanding (Lacs) 5.39 19.38 371.78 371.78
5.27 52.54 43.87 371.78 4.61 87.90 54.50 72.76 2.08 83.42 46.25
Market Capitalisation Market Cap (Rs Millions) Shares Outstanding Float Per Shar
e Data (Rs INR) Earnings Sales 8.45 159.26 756.58 37.18 23.50

Book Value Cash Flow Cash Valuation Ratios Price/Earnings Price/Sales Price/Book
Price/Cash Flow Return on Equity Return on Assets Return on Investment
---2.41 0.13 -1.86 ---26.40 6.68 5.31 ------Management Effectiveness (%)
Profitability Ratios (%) Gross Margin Operating Margin Net Profit Margin Dividen
d Information Dividend Yield (%) Payout Ratio Financial Strength Quick Ratio Cur
rent Ratio LT Debt/Equity Total Debt/Equity Dividend Per Share (Rs INR) 0.0
Chart for indswift(stock exchange)

PRODUCT RANGE AND LAUNCH:


Product Netazox Clarie OD Glitter Candez Atstat UT Guard Fexidine Excef Clarie D
T Clarie Suprox SR Anin
Therapeutic Anti diarrhea Macrolide Anti diabetic
Position at the time of launch in India 1st 2nd 5th 2nd 4th 2nd 3rd 3rd 1st 2nd
2nd 2nd
Year ofLaunch 2004 2003 2001 2001 2000 2000 2000 1999 1999 1998 1987 1985
Cadiovascular Cardiovascular Vasodilator Anti histamine Antibiotic Macrolide Mac
rolide Vasodilator Allyoestrenol
Product Range of the Ethical Division of Ind - Swift INJ ANIN-250 INJ ANIN-500


INJ DECANEUROPHEN-25 INJ DECANEUROPHEN-50 INJ NEUROPHEN-25 INJ UTGARD(5 ML) INJ.
UTGARD (1 ML) INJ. VORANIN-100 INJ. VORANIN-200 INJ INORINE 2 ML TAB ANIN TAB C
LARIE - 250 TAB CLARIE - OD TAB CLARIE DT TAB COZY PLUS TAB ETOXIN - B TAB NEURO
SPAS CD TAB SUPROX TAB SUPROX SR TAB STEMIN TAB STEMIN FORTE TAB. INDAXIN -B6 TA
B. INDCEF-DT TAB. INDCEF-100 TAB. INDCEF-200 TAB. UTGARD TAB GLUFIT-15 TAB GLUFI
T-30 TAB.MENOGUARD TAB.NEUROSPAS-MF TAB TOPCLAV-625 TOPCLAV D/SYRUP TAB TOPCLAV375


TAB INORINE TAB INORINE-M TAB TERPREG 200 MG TAB EMTEE TAB ERGEST - LD TAB ERGES
T TAB FERTILIN-50 TAB MEDANIN-10 MG TAB CALSTAT TAB CALSTAT-DS TAB OFREE CAP NEU
ROPHEN FORTE CAP NEUROSPAS CAP DISTONE CAP BENPROST-8 CAP VORANIN-100 CAP. VORAN
IN-200 CAP MUBEXIN CAP. ANAPROCT CAP INDILAC CAP. CIRRHOLIV CAP CALSTAT-BD CAP P
M CARE COZY KID ETOXIN-B EXPECTORANT PHENA KID PHENA P OLIADE BATH OIL COZY COOL
DROPS NEUROSPAS-DROPS DISTONE SYRUP


CALSTAT-SUSP UTININ SYP STEMIN-GM STEMIN-MF ANAPROCT OINTMENT MUBEXIN ZINC DROPS
INDCEF-LB DRY SYRUP GDSAFE DRY SYRUP GDSAFE-DS DRY SYRUP SYP. AMBICET INDILAC S
ACHET
Ayurvedic products:


Proven Ayurvedic remedy for cardiovascular ailments Helps in maintaining optimal
blood pressure Lowers blood cholestrol Useful aid for liver ailments

Helps in controlling DIABETES Mellitus Helps maintaining appropriate Blood Sugar
Level Important in Comprehensive Diabetic Care

Works as Anti Stress (Adaptogen) Works as Anti Oxidant Restores and enhances Phy
sical & Mental Endurence Useful in Respiratory system ailments

Improves quality of semen Improves Sperm Count and motility. Effective in Impote
ncy Improves nourishment to body tissues Promotes urinary flow

Optimize Gastrointestinal Function Natural and gentle Laxative useful in constip
ation Effective in Heartburn and stomach upset Useful in Chronic Diarrhoea and P
iles Combines well with Amalakiy

As Lipid Regulator, Alters Lipid Metabolism Promotes good cholestrol Lowers bad
cholestrol Lowers triglyceride and Effective in maintaining healthy Cardiovascul
ar system.

Excellent Blood Purifying properties Natural aid for Skin diseases Bitter taste
helps in worm infestations and viral infection Effective in Diabetic care

Board and directors and staff:


Mr. S. R. Mehta Mr. N.R.Munjal Dr. G. Munjal Dr. V. R. Mehta Mr. Himanshu Jain M
r. V. K. Mehta Mrs. Nirmal Agarwal Mr. K.M.S.Nambiar Dr. N.D.Aggarwal Dr. R.S.Be
di Dr. H.P.S.Chawla Dr. S.K.Mathur Mr. N.K.Bansal Mr. Amit Tarafder Mr. R.K.Sood
Mr. O.P.Thapliyal Mr. Gaurav Aggarwal Mr.Anurag Kastwar Mr.J.S. Saini Chairman
Vice Chairman Managing Director & CEO Jt.Managing Director Executive Director Di
rector Director Director Director Director Director Director Group Head(Finance)
Vice President(Finance) Company Secretary vice president (HR) vice president (c
ommercial) vice president (marketing) senior manager( marketing)
CHAPTER- 3

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:


1> To assess the usage of allopathic or ayurveda system by the doctors. 2> To st
udy the preferences of the systems by the doctors taking the reasons as side eff
ects, time duration , safety. 3> To study the availability the medicines in clin
ic or nearby retailers . 4> To know diversifying allopathic to ayurveda by indus
tries is right step or not. 5> To study the order of preferences by the doctors
towards the different medical professionals. SCOPE OF THE STUDY: The scope of st
udy means the subject matter to be researched in the study . it defines the over
all rationale of the study by explaining the geographically area of the study al
ong with type of the data. In order to accomplish the objectives of the project
. survey conducted in himachal Pradesh and Chandigarh to fill the questionnaire
by the doctors which designed for the purpose of the survey . on the basis of da
ta collected I analysis the result of the project .
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
In order to gets information by various reasons the research methodology is as f
ollows: DATA COLLECTION: Adequate and authentic data is the foundation stone for
an analysis. It is very necessary that the data should be adequate and relevant
so that the analysis which we derive from that data is exact. So data collectio
n requires due attention and care. In order to get the required basic informatio
n about the usage of medical system by doctors and for what disease . I relied o
n both primary data and secondary data. PRIMARY DATA:

Regular visit to the organization i.e.IndSwift Ltd. In Chandigarh and after regu
lar visit to market and meetings with doctors was made to obtain the required in
formation and learn about the market and organisation how it works. Interviews w
ith the management officials and staff of the organization to get latest informat
ion. SECONDARY DATA: Books, Magazines, Articles from internet etc. constitute th
e secondary sources of information for the project report. SAMPLING PLAN: Univer
se : The population of study consists of hamirpur and chandigarh. Sample Size :
Sample Sizes 40 respondants. 20 doctors of ayurveda and 20 from allopathic . Sam
pling Technique : I have used technique of convenience sampling. Geographical sc
ope: hamirpur (h.p) and chandigarh . . Tool for data analysis : Percentage metho
d for getting results. doctors and retailers (pharmacy shops) I
AN OUTCOME OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Collection of Information from IndSwift.
Taking permission from guide.
Getting questionnaire filled from people

Analysis of information
Interpretation of data
Suggestion and Recommendations

CHAPTER-4
Evaluation study to assess the usage of Allopathic and ayurvedic system BY docto
rs (VIEWS OF AYURVEDA DOCTORS) NAME: QUALIFICATION DATE : .........
DO YOU USE ALLOPATHIC PRODUCTS? a. YES b. C. NO AT TIMES

Q.NO:2: NAME OF THE DISEASE FOR WHICH YOU PREFER ALLOPATHIC TREATMENT a. GIT b.
LIVER DISORDER c. HEART DISEASE d. CANCER e. ANY OTHER (PLEASE SPECIFY). .
NO RESULT % 20 Q.NO:3: (A) DOES PATIENT OVERALL SATISFIED WITH ALLOPATHIC PRESCR
IPTION AND MEDICINE GIVEN BY YOU? a. YES b. NO

(B) IF NO, WHAT IS THE COMPLIANCE OF PATIENT FOR ACCEPTANCE OF ALLOPATHIC TREATM
ENT .. .
NO RESULT % 20 Q.NO:4: YOUR PREFRENCE TO ALLOPATHY IS THEIR SHORT DURATION OF TR
EATMENT AS COMPARE TO AYURVEDIC a. STRONGLY AGREE b. AGREE c. NEUTRAL d. DISAGRE
E e. STRONGLY DISAGREE
NO RESULT % 20 Q.NO:5: (A) WHETHER MEDICINES ARE GENERALLY AVAILABLE WITH NEAR B
Y RETAILERS a. YES b. NO

(B) IF NO, WHAT IS REASONS FOR NON PROVIDING MEDICINES TO PATIENTS .............
................................................................................
...........................................
. NO RESULT % 20 Q.NO:6: DO YOU BELIEVE IN COMBINATION THERAPY (ALLOPATHY WITH A
YURVEDA) ? a. YES b.NO c. AT TIMES
NO RESULT % 5 Q.NO:7: WHAT IS THE TIME DURATION YOU PREFER FOR ALLOPATHIC TREATM
ENT? a. 3 DAYS b.3-5 DAYS c. A WEEK d.MORE THAN A WEEK

Q.NO:8: IN NEW ERA OF MEDICINE, COMPANIES ARE DIVERSIFYING FROM ALLOPATHIC PRODU
CTS TO AYURVEDA. DO YOU THINK THIS IS THE RIGHT STEP? a. YES b. NO PLEASE COMMEN
T ON YOUR ANSWER .
Q.NO:9: DO THE PATIENT SHOWS THEIR PREFERENCE TO ALLOPATHIC SYSTEM a. YES b. NO

Q.NO: 10: WHAT IS YOUR ORDER OF PREFERENCES IN RESPECT OF VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF MED
ICINES LIKE HOMEOPATHIC , ALLOPATHIC , AYURVEDA , UNANI. a. 1ST b. 2ND
K TO ALLOPATHIC

Evaluation study to assess the usage of Allopathic and ayurvedic system BY docto
rs (VIEWS OF ALLOPATHY DOCTORS) NAME: DATE :...................................
N:
Q.NO: 1: DO YOU USE AYURVEDIC PRODUCTS? a.YES b.NO c.AT TIMES
Q.NO:2: NAME OF THE DISEASE FOR WHICH YOU PREFER AYURVEDIC TREATMENT a. GIT

b.LIVER DISORDER c.HEART DISEASE d.CANCER

e.ANY OTHER (PLEASE SPECIFY). .


Q.NO:3: (A) DOES PATIENT OVERALL SATISFIED WITH AYURVEDIC PRESCRIPTION AND MEDIC
INE GIVEN BY YOU? a. YES b. NO (B) IF NO, WHAT IS THE COMPLIANCE OF PATIENT FOR
ACCEPTANCE OF AYURVEDIC .. .
Q.NO:4: THE REASONS FOR PREFERENCE OF AYURVEDIC MEDICINE, IS THEIR SAFETY AND NO
SIDE EFFECTS . a. STRONGLY AGREEE b.AGREE c.NEUTRAL

d.DISAGREE e. STRONGLY DISAGREE

Q.NO:5: (A) WHETHER MEDICINES ARE GENERALLY AVAILABLE WITH NEAR BY RETAILERS a.
YES b. NO (B) IF NO, WHAT IS REASONS FOR NON PROVIDING MEDICINES TO PATIENTS
. Q.NO:6: DO YOU BELIEVE IN COMBINATION THERAPY (ALLOPATHY WITH AYURVEDA) ? a. Y
ES b.NO c.AT TIMES

Q.NO:7: WHAT IS THE TIME DURATION YOU PREFER FOR AYURVEDIC TREATMENT? a. A WEEK
b.A MONTH c.SIX MONTHS d. MORE THAN SIX MONTHS
Q.NO:8: IN NEW ERA OF MEDICINE, COMPANIES ARE DIVERSIFYING FROM ALLOPATHIC PRODU
CTS TO AYURVEDA. DO YOU THINK THIS IS THE RIGHT STEP? a. YES b. NO PLEASE COMMEN
T ON YOUR ANSWER

Q.NO:9: DO THE PATIENT SHOWS THEIR PREFERENCE TO AYURVEDIC SYSTEM? a. YES b. NO

Q.NO: 10: WHT IS YOUR ORDER OF PREFERENCES IN RESPECT OF VARIOUS SYSTEMS OF MEDI
CINES LIKE HOMEOPATHIC , ALLOPATHIC , AYURVEDA , UNANI. a. 1ST b.2ND
CHAPTER-5 SUMMARY
This study is based on the usage of two medical system by the different doctors
. in this whole project the result was carried out by fillong the questionnaire
from the doctors of allopathic and

ayurvedic system. This study helps in to find out that which system is still sui
table for the chronic disease. Through this customer preference toward which sys
tem has been studied. This study also shows the doctors preferences towards the
combination therapy and market research from which , get the views of doctors on
the diversifying system from allopathic to ayurveda. Questionnaire is totally b
ased on straight answer from which we get the result fast and it become easy to
find the appropriate views of doctors on the subject of study. The analysis lead
s to conclusion.
CONCLUSION
In my market survey I found weightage towards the allopathic products . 35% of a
llopathy doctors use ayurveda medicine in prescription but in case of ayurvedic
doctors 80% of them , they are using allopathic medicine in prescription. I also
find that the combination therapy made by doctors doing great job in healing th
e disease like coronary heart disease , cancer and many more chronicle diseases.
As allopathic is first preference by the doctors but ayurveda is upcoming one.
Allopathy and ayurveda are as different as day and night, and hence the two sets
of opposing views. However, if one has to compare ayurveda and allopathy on one
platform, then such comparison might be a tad difficult. "Allopathy treats indi
viduals as an independent physical entity like a machine. It is further sub-divi
ded into various organs and systems looked after by different specialties. Where
as, ayurveda treats the individual as a whole, considering him to be a part of t
he universal whole. A positive aspect in the whole ayurveda vs allopathy issue,
is the fact that, people are now open to know more about this ancient science. A
lso while there might not be prejudices or bias against the same, there are cert
ain misconceptions, which can only be dispelled with knowledge and information d
issemination. "There are no prejudices surrounding ayurveda. There may be miscon
ceptions regarding its practice. If anything, the interest in this system of med
icine has been growing rapidly both in the domestic and international market, at
testing to its popularity and widespread acceptance . RECOMMENDATION:

According to findings that in current scenario doctors and patient move towards
the ayurveda but allopathic still rules. I would like to recommend IndSwift 1. D
octors have yet to find a solution for conditions like cancer pain and chronic p
ancreatitis in complementary therapies where modern interventional pain procedur
es are very effective. So herbal drugs use in cancer and heart disease is going
to be popular for the doctors. This finding helps IndSwift to capture market by
manufacturing of anti cancer herbal drug. 2. My findings helps IndSwift that it
should work on herbal medicines but along with allopathic. 3. In future company
get benefit if they prepare combination therapy medicines with no side effect an
d try to be 100% cure guarantee.
QUESTIONNAIRE: QUESTIONNAIRES ARE ATTACHED WITH THIS FILE NAMED AS QUESTIONNAIRE
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Research Methods 9, (2006), pp. 505 Kessler RC, Davis RB, Foster DF, Van Rompay
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tice differs? Soc Sci Med 1988;27:531-44 WEBSITES: http://www.extensor.co.uk/art
icles/medicalsystem.html http://www.allbusiness.com http://www.extensor.co.uk/ar
ticle_archive.php http://www.managementparadise.com http://www.google.co.in http
://www.indswift.com http://www.researharticles.com/articlesmedicalveiws.html

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