Worksheet 4

CARBOHYDRATES
Syllabus reference 9.9.2
1 Complete the following to check your understanding using a word or phrase.
a Carbohydrates are also called ________________________. They have the general
formula ____________________ and are often found in nature as simple molecules.
b The simplest carbohydrates are ________________________, e.g. fructose and
galactose which are all isomers of _________________. The structural formula of
these three monosaccharides is a _________________ (ring) structure. The positioning
of groups above or _________________ the plane of the ring determines which
compound the structure represents.
c When two __________________________ join together they form a disaccharide.
Long chains of monosaccharide molecules joined together form a
______________________. The process is _______________________
polymerisation and molecules of water are also formed. Examples of long chain
carbohydrates are ___________________ and cellulose.
d In solution monosaccharide ring structures are able to open out to form an
________________ structure. These two structures exist in equilibrium, with the
___________________ structure the most common form.
e Carbohydrates can exist as ___________________ and non-reducing sugars. Most
monosaccharides are ___________________ sugars while sucrose is a
_________________ sugar.
f

To determine whether a sugar is reducing or non-reducing you can use Tollens

reagent,
_____________________ solution or Fehlings solution. The presence of starch can be
identified with _____________________, which forms a deep blue complex.

2 a What three elements are found in carbohydrates? _____________

b If a carbohydrate molecule has 21 oxygen atoms, how many hydrogen atoms does it
have?
_____________________________________________________________________

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CONQUERINGCHEMISTRY HSC Option 3 WS 4

c Would you expect a compound with the general formula C18H32O16 to be a

carbohydrate? Why/why not?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

3 Draw the cyclic and open-chain structure of glucose.

4 How many molecules of water are needed to allow a trisaccharide to form glucose
molecules?
_____________________________________________________________________

5 When sucrose is digested it yields the two monosaccharides:

A glucose and lactose
B glucose and maltose
C glucose and glucose
D glucose and fructose

Copyright 2007 McGraw-Hill Australia

CONQUERINGCHEMISTRY HSC Option 3 WS 4

6 Describe the chemical difference between a reducing and a non-reducing sugar.

________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

7 Complete the following table:

COMPOUND

TEST

POSITIVE RESULT

Deep blue complex

b Reducing sugar

Metallic silver

Benedicts solution

Fehlings solution

e Non-reducing sugar

A group of students had five aqueous solutions, V, W, X, Y and Z. They were told the
solutions were sucrose, starch, fructose, water and sodium chloride. They conducted some
tests and found the following results:
SAMPLE

REACTION WITH IODINE

SOLUTION

REACTION WITH TOLLENS

REAGENT

No reaction

No reaction

Blue colour

No reaction

No reaction

White precipitate

No reaction

No reaction

No reaction

Silvery deposit

Copyright 2007 McGraw-Hill Australia

CONQUERINGCHEMISTRY HSC Option 3 WS 4

a Where possible use the test results to identify each of the samples.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

b Suggest a further test which could be used to identify samples where a definite result
could not be established.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

Copyright 2007 McGraw-Hill Australia

CONQUERINGCHEMISTRY HSC Option 3 WS 4