Camille Xiang and Kelvin Zhang

11/22/2016
C Block
Honors World History II
Annotated Bibliography
Primary Sources:
At the Headquarters of the Nanking Safety Zone Committee. 1937. RG 8: Box 265 Folder 2:
Forster, Ernest & Clarissa, Nanking. The Yale Divinity School Library. By The Yale
Divinity School. Web. 6 Jan. 2017.
<http://divinity-adhoc.library.yale.edu/Nanking/Images/YDS-RG008-265-0002-0009.jpg
>. This image gives readers a sense of how dedicated that Rabe was to the Chinese people
by showing them him meeting with other people at the headquarters of the Nanking
Safety Zone.
Biography.com Editors. Matthew Perry. Digital image. The Biography.com Website. A&E
Television Networks, 2 Apr. 2014. Web. 8 Jan. 2017.
<http://www.biography.com/people/matthew-c-perry-40184>. This picture of Matthew
Perry provides readers with insight on how the person who drastically changed the
history of Japan.
Carries His Dying Son Wounded in a Japanese Air Raid on Nanking. N.d.Wikipedia. Web.
<https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Nanking#/media/File:Nankinginfant2.jpg>.
Shows a Chinese civilian carrying his son who was dying from the Japanese air raid and
gives the reader a sense of the struggle that the civilians had.
Chairman, Emergency Committee, University of Nanking. "Gentlemen." Letter to Japanese
Embassy. 17 Dec. 1937. Yale University Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2016.
<http://divinity-adhoc.library.yale.edu/Nanking/Images/NMP0064.pdf>. The Safety
Committee's letter provides a sense of the terrible state of the camps at the time, how the
Japanese Embassy disregarded it, and the type of harassment that the Chinese citizens
were subjected to by the Japanese. The letter also shows how the Nanking Safety
Committee stood up against the Japanese Embassy in order to protect Chinese citizens.
Committee Which Organized the First Religious Work. N.d. Yale Divinity Library. Web.
<http://divinity-adhoc.library.yale.edu/Nanking/Images/YDS-RG008-265-0002-0027.jpg
>. Group of Nanking Safety Zone staff members who made the first religious work group
to try and make the victims of the incident more comfortable while they are there.

Gamble, Sidney D. Ginling College Dormitory. 1924-1927. Sidney D. Gamble Photographs,

Nanking. Duke University Library. By Duke University Library. Web. 3 Jan. 2017.
<http://library.duke.edu/digitalcollections/gamble_363-2074/#info>. This image of the
Ginling College dormitories shows readers the reason why Vautrin was in Nanking, and
what would become part of a refugee camp during the Rape of Nanking.
Ginling College. N.d. Nanking. American Goddess at the Rape of Nanking: The Courage of
Minnie Vautrin. By Hua-ling Hu. Carbondale and Edwardsville: Southern Illinois U,
2000. N. pag. Print. This image provides readers with a visual of Ginling College, which
gives readers a perspective on how much Minnie Vautrin had to administrate.
Group of People Who Were Saved. N.d. Yale Divinity Library. Web.
<http://web.library.yale.edu/divinity/nanking/photographs>. Shows a photograph of a
group of people who were all saved by the members of the Nanking Safety Zone
History.com Staff. The Meiji Restoration. Digital image. History.com. A+E Networks, 2009.
Web. 2 Jan. 2017. <http://www.history.com/topics/meiji-restoration>. This illustration
from the time of the Meiji Restoration shows what Japan was like when the emperor
brought them the modernization of the western nations.
Hu, Hualing. American Goddess at the Rape of Nanking: The Courage of Minnie Vautrin.
Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 2000. Print. These diaries provide readers with an
inside look on the different atrocities faced by Chinese citizens at the time and the
challenges that members of the Safety Committee had to go through in order to help save
people. The book also provides helpful notes and context in order to help readers better
comprehend the text.
International Safety Zone Members. N.d. Nanking. The Rape of Nanking. By Iris Chang. New
York: Basic, 1997. N. pag. Print. This image provides readers with faces to the stories
that they have heard about John Rabe, and allows the readers to acknowledge different
members of the committee.
Japanese Crimes. N.d. The Fall Of Shanghai: Prelude To The Rape Of Nanking & WWII. Web.
<http://warfarehistorynetwork.com/daily/wwii/the-fall-of-shanghai-prelude-to-the-rape-of
-nanking-wwii/>. This shows many Chinese civilians hiding as the Japanese soldiers
marched through Nanking and destroyed everything.
Japanese Soldier Stabbing a Victim. N.d. Nanking. The Rape of Nanking. By Iris Chang. New
York: Basic, 1998. N. pag. Print. This image shows readers the true horrors of what the

foreigners in Nanking witnessed throughout the Rape of Nanking.

Japanese Soldiers. N.d. Web.
<https://thenankingmassacre.org/2015/07/05/the-controversies-in-japan/>. Photographs
of a few Japanese soldiers celebrating after the Battle of Nanking
Japanese Troops Burns Dead Bodies. N.d. NANJING MASSACRE. Web.
<http://www.history.com/topics/nanjing-massacre>. Photograph of Japanese Troops
throwing dead bodies into a pit and lighting them all on fire in order to get rid of evidence
showing their committed war crimes.
Japanese War Crimes. N.d. The Fall Of Shanghai: Prelude To The Rape Of Nanking & WWII.
Web.
<http://warfarehistorynetwork.com/daily/wwii/the-fall-of-shanghai-prelude-to-the-rape-of
-nanking-wwii/>. This image shows the Japanese soldiers celebrating after they burned
down a building and stole everything of value.
John Rabe at a Nazi Party Event. N.d. Nanking. The Good Man of Nanking: The Diaries of John
Rabe. By John Rabe. Trans. John E. Woods. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1998. N. pag.
Print. This image shows readers how John Rabe's position in the Nazi Party was a
significant part of his life, and how it brought him to Nanking, where he would eventually
save thousands of lives.
Lyon, Emma. Minnie Vautrin. N.d. The Rape of Nanking. New York: Basic, 1997. 162. Print.
This picture of Minnie Vautrin, the "Living Goddess of Nanking", provides readers with
a sense of her appearance as a young woman, and shows readers how a normal woman at
the time, such as Minnie, was able to save so many lives.
Mills, W. Plumer. "Gentlemen." Letter to Japanese Embassy. 17 Dec. 1937. Yale University
Library. N.p., n.d. Web. 1 Nov. 2016.
<http://divinity-adhoc.library.yale.edu/Nanking/Images/NMP0063.pdf>. Plumer's letter
provides a first hand account of the numerous atrocities that happened daily in the camp,
and the different types of things that the Japanese would do. It also gives a sense of the
different things that the Committee tried to do to take a stand against the Japanese and
protect Chinese citizens.
N.d. American Goddess at the Rape of Nanking: The Courage of Minnie Vautrin. Carbondale:
Southern Illinois U, 2000. N. pag. Print. Photograph of Minnie Vautrin&rsquo;s grave
after she committed suicide. Shows the reader the thankfulness the Chinese had for her

with the decorations and flowers around her grave.

N.d. The Rape of Nanking. New York: Basic, 1997. N. pag. Print. This photograph shows the
horrible things that the Japanese soldiers did to the civilians.
Nanking Massacre Children. N.d. 1937: The Rape of Nanking (Nanjing). Web.
<http://ahrp.org/1937-the-rape-of-nanking-nanjing/>. Photograph of many children being
thrown into a pit by the Japanese soldiers to be buried after raping them and killing them.
Patient with Purpose. N.d. Rafu Shimpo. Web.
<http://www.rafu.com/2009/09/patient-with-purpose/>. Photograph of a civilian rescuing
a child and shows the horror that war causes to the innocents.
Patients in the Refugee Hospital Attending a Religious Service. N.d. Yale Divinity Library. Web.
<http://divinity-adhoc.library.yale.edu/Nanking/Images/YDS-RG008-265-0002-0079.jpg
>. Photograph of a few patients in the hospital attending a religious service within the
Nanking Safety Zone.
Persons Executed by the Japanese Soldiers in Various Parts of the Grounds of Ku Ling Temple.
N.d. Yale Divinity Library. Web.
<http://divinity-adhoc.library.yale.edu/Nanking/Images/YDS-RG008-265-0002-0001.jpg
>. Shows a group of dead bodies, who were shot for no reason while traveling back to the
refugee camp and showing readers the horrible actions that the Japanese did.
Rabe, John, and Erwin Wickert. The Good Man of Nanking: The Diaries of John Rabe. New
York: A.A. Knopf, 1998. Print. This source is the diary of John Rabe, a Nazi who
founded the International Safety Committee of Nanking and was a key person in the
retrieval of many victims. John Rabe provided many accounts of the daily atrocities that
happened in Nanking and how the International Safety Zone took a stand against the
Japanese troops during the Rape of Nanking.
Rabe, John. A Nazi Flag Being Used as the Roof of a Shelter. N.d. The Diaries of John Rabe,
Nanking. The Good Man of Nanking: The Diaries of John Rabe. By John Rabe. Trans.
John E. Woods. New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1998. N. pag. Print. This picture illustrates
Rabe's position in the Nazi party because it shows that he was able to use a flag of the
party as the roof of a shelter.
Refugees Gathered at the Headquarters of the Nanking Safety Zone Committee. 1937. RG 8:
Box 265 Folder 2: Forster, Ernest & Clarissa, Nanking. Yale Divinity School Library. By

Yale Divinity School Library. Web. 7 Jan. 2017.

<http://divinity-adhoc.library.yale.edu/Nanking/Images/YDS-RG008-265-0002-0020.jpg
>. This image provides readers with proof of how desperate the refugees were at the Rape
of Nanking, and shows readers why the foreigners in Nanking helped.
Reinhardt, Ursula. John Rabe. N.d. The Rape of Nanking. New York: Basic, 1997. 167. Print.
This photograph of John Rabe, one of the founders of the Safety Zone, provides readers
with insight on the appearance of John Rabe. It also shows readers just how ordinary
Rabe looks contrary to his interesting narrative.
Small Group of the Staff and Patients of the Refugees Hospital in Nanking. N.d. Yale Divinity
Library. Web.
<http://divinity-adhoc.library.yale.edu/Nanking/Images/YDS-RG008-264-0001-0001.jpg
>. Photograph of a few staff members and patients at the Ginling hospital in Nanking and
shows the reader the amount of people risking their lives to stop the Japanese.
Soldiers Posing with Chinese Women. N.d. The Rape of Nanking. New York: Basic, 1997. N.
pag. Print. Image shows Japanese soldiers taking pictures with nude chinese women to
keep as souvenirs.
Sword Practice. N.d. They Were in Nanjing: The Nanjing Massacre Witnessed by American and
British Nationals. Hong Kong: Hong Kong UP, 2004. N. pag. Print. Shows the horrible
image of a Japanese soldier using a dead Chinese victim&rsquo;s body as sword practice.
The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
Digital image. The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Jan.
2017. <illinois.edu>. This image of the college that Minnie Vautrin attended gives
readers a perspective of how intelligent of a woman that Vautrin was.
Treating a Wounded Victim. N.d. . Web.
<http://undertakerrach.gouketu.com/nanking.html>. Photograph of a group of men in the
Nanking Safety Zone treating a wounded victim. Shows the reader how much care the
people in the Safety Zone was giving to the Chinese during this time.
Vautrin, Minnie, Shui-fang Tsen, Hualing Hu, and Lian-hong Zhang. The Undaunted Women of
Nanking: The Wartime Diaries of Minnie Vautrin and Tsen Shui-fang. Carbondale:
Southern Illinois UP, 2010. Print. Minnie Vautrin's diary provides readers with an inside
look at the different difficulties that were faced by outside help, especially for women, in
Nanking at the time. The diary also gives readers perspective on the severity of the

human rights violations that occurred and the numerous ways that Minnie Vautrin saved
many lives.
Victim of Air Raids. N.d. Web.
<http://jaimedelacruzblog.blogspot.com/2016/05/china-fabrication-of-nanking-massacre.
html>. Shows a woman inside the hospital of the Safety Zone who would have been a
victim of the Japanese raping if the Nanking Safety Zone was not set up.
Wards at the University Hospital, Nanking. N.d. The Yale Divinity School Library, Nanking.The
Yale Divinity School Library. By The Yale Divinity School. Web. 4 Jan. 2017.
<http://divinity-adhoc.library.yale.edu/Nanking/Images/YDS-RG008-265-0002-0085.jpg
>. This picture shows readers the hospital wards in the Nanking University Hospital that
brought Robert Wilson to Nanking, provides readers with a sense of the organization
present before the Rape of Nanking.
Wilson, Robert O. "Dear Folks." Letter to B.A. Garside. 15 Aug. 1937. The Nanking Massacre
Project. Yale University Library, n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2016.
<http://divinity-adhoc.library.yale.edu/Nanking/Images/NMP0012.pdf>. These letters
provide present day people with a larger understanding of the difficulties that the
committee dealt with when trying to save many people. It detailed the rape, murder, and
torture that Chinese citizens at the time faced from the Japanese troops.
Women inside the Safety Zone. N.d. Web.
<http://www.alpha-canada.org/testimonies/testimonies-introduction>. Shows a group of
women inside the Safety Zone who were saved from the Japanese.
Yale Divinity School Library. Dr. Robert Wilson. Digital image. The Nanking Massacre
Archival Project. Yale University, 29 Jan. 2016. Web. 8 Jan. 2017.
<http://web.library.yale.edu/divinity/nanking/documents>. This picture of Robert Wilson
gives readers a sense of who Robert Wilson was by showing readers what he looked like.
Yin, James, Young Shi, and Ron Dorfman. The Rape of Nanking: An Undeniable History in
Photographs. Chicago, IL: Innovative Pub. Group, 1997. Print. This book of pictures
provides gruesome and chilling pictures detailing the horrors of the Nanking Massacre
and provide images as a way to document the human rights violations that happened.
Young Refugee at Ginling College. N.d. Yale Divinity Library. Web.
<http://divinity-adhoc.library.yale.edu/Nanking/Images/YDS-RG008-265-0002-0033.jpg

>. Picture of one of the refugees that Minnie Vautrin rescued. The refugee was brought to
the Safety Zone and shows the reader the diversity of victims during the Rape of Nanking
Secondary Sources
Barrett, David P. "They Were in Nanjing: The Nanjing Massacre Witnessed by American and
British Nationals." Canadian Journal of History 41.2 (2006): 426. Expanded Academic
ASAP. Web. 1 Nov. 2016.
<http://libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=EAIM&sw=
w&u=mlin_m_winhigh&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE|A155824482&asid=c801059977d0dd6e
d026e98e76e1abf2>. This journal article provides an intricate reflection on how British
and American nationals were reacting to the Nanking Massacre, including Americans and
English people in Nanking at the time. It gave an interesting perspective and gave
examples regarding how they would stand up to Japanese troops in Nanking.
Carroll, Andrew. "An American Missionary Describes 'beastly' Atrocities in Nanking." World
War II 2012: 25. World History Collection. Web. 19 Oct. 2016.
<http://libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=PPWH&sw=
w&u=mlin_m_winhigh&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE|A291352827&asid=14c316a30e75b644
06939658b016174f>. This magazine article provides multiple examples of the human
rights violations that occurred during the Nanking Massacre and accounts for the
multitudes of lives lost throughout the event. This source also provides more perspective
about the horrors happening at the time and how it affected the mentality of the Chinese
people later on in history.
Central Intelligence Agency (US). Chinese Flag. Digital image. Central Intelligence Agency.
United States Government, n.d. Web. 24 Dec. 2016.
<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ch.html>. This flag
symbolizes China and shows readers what Chinese citizens at the time felt loyal to and
what soldiers died for.
Central Intelligence Agency (US). Japanese Flag. Digital image. Central Intelligence Agency.
United States Government, n.d. Web. 20 Dec. 2016.
<https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ja.html>. This flag
symbolizes the country of Japan and provides readers with a symbol for the Japanese
troops during the Rape of Nanking.
Chang, Iris. The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust of World War II. New York, NY:
Basic, 1997. Print. This secondary source book gave in depth information on the
atrocities of the Nanking Massacre, how the international community responded, and how

the foreigners in Nanking at the time established the International Safety Zone, and how
they took a stand against violent Japanese troops in order to protect citizens of Nanking.
Fogel, Joshua A. The Nanjing Massacre in History and Historiography. Berkeley: U of
California, 2000. Print. Fogel gives readers a deep and in depth discussion and argument
regarding the numerous human rights violations that occurred in Nanking, how it affected
the mentality of Chinese citizens, and how it created a need for modernization in China.
Fuji Art Museum. First Sino-Japanese War Battle. Digital image. Fuji Art Museum. N.p., n.d.
Web. 3 Jan. 2017.
<http://www.fujibi.or.jp/en/our-collection/tour-of-our-collection/ukiyo-e-collection/comp
lete-list-of-works.html?collection_id=8000>. This depiction of a battle during the First
Sino-Japanese War provides readers with a visual of what the battles may have looked
like, and how the Japanese perceived the rising tensions.
History.com Staff. "Nanjing Massacre." History.com. A&E Television Networks, 2009. Web. 22
Oct. 2016. <http://www.history.com/topics/nanjing-massacre>. This article provides the
reader with historical context and an overview on the important events that occurred
throughout the Nanking Massacre. This article also summarizes the founding of the
International Safety Committee of Nanking, and gives a general consensus on the
numerous ways they took a stand against the Japanese troops by protecting Chinese
citizens.
Lianhong, Zhang. "THE NANJING MASSACRE: THE SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL
EFFECTS." East Asia: An International Quarterly 18.3 (2000): 36. Expanded Academic
ASAP. Web. 1 Nov. 2016.
<http://libraries.state.ma.us/login?gwurl=http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=EAIM&sw=
w&u=mlin_m_winhigh&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE|A75277603&asid=4c315018f4ca64b5d
4e1d6b24db71165>. This journal article on the effects of the Nanking Massacre provided
readers with a deeper understanding of the significant toll that the massacre had on the
mentality and beliefs of the Chinese people. The source shows the extreme effect that the
Nanking Massacre had on Chinese beliefs, such as the obsession that the Chinese
government acquired to improve and modernize itself.
Lu, Suping. They Were in Nanjing: The Nanjing Massacre Witnessed by American and British
Nationals. Hong Kong: Hong Kong UP, 2004. Print. This book provides readers with a
very in depth and new approach to the mentality of foreigners in Nanking at the time. It
shows the different facets of each person in the committee and how each of them stood
up against the Japanese troops.

"Nanjing Massacre." Britannica School. Encyclopedia Brittanica, 20 Mar. 2015. Web. 19 Oct.
2016. <http://school.eb.com/levels/high/article/54784>. This encyclopedia article gives
readers a fundamental understanding of the causes, effects, and main events that occured
during the Nanking Massacre. It also provides readers with essential historical
background and context, important people, and the Nanking Safety Committee.
TIME Magazine. "The Nanjing Massacre: Scenes from a Hideous Slaughter 75 Years Ago |
TIME.com." Time. Time, 13 Dec. 2012. Web. 1 Nov. 2016.
<http://world.time.com/2012/12/13/the-nanjing-massacre-scenes-from-a-hideous-slaught
er-75-years-ago/>. This magazine article provides multiple pictures that personify and
show the true horrors of the Nanking Massacre. The pictures show multiple human rights
violations such as murder, rape, and mutilation.
Wikipedia. Map of the First Sino-Japanese War. Digital image. Wikipedia. N.p., 7 Dec. 2016.
Web. 20 Dec. 2016. <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War>. This
provides readers with context regarding the locations that various battles were fought
during the First Sino-Japanese War and shows just how many countries that were caught
in the middle of this battle.