Cantilever Retaining Wall

EuroNorm EN-7, Design Approach 1

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01/09/2017

Cantilever Retaining Wall

EuroNorm EN-7, Design Approach 1

Page 2 of 7

MATERIAL PROPERTIES
Soil friction,
Soil cohesion, c
Unit weight of soil, b
Unit weight of reinforced concrete, c

=
30 degrees
= zero
=
18 kN/m
=
25 kN/m

DIMENSIONS OF RETAINING STRUCTURE

Wall :Height, H =
Thickness, w =
Height of bearing, Z =
Footing :Width, B =
Length, L =
Thickness, v =
Toe width, t =
Heel width, h =
Are Rankine criteria satisfied on virtual back? Is h

file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/342093523.xls

6
1
5
7
100
1
2
4
3.464

m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m?

go back to check

Yes

01/09/2017

Cantilever Retaining Wall

EuroNorm EN-7, Design Approach 1

CHARACTERISTIC DESIGN ACTIONS

Variable Loads :-

Surcharge :-

Bridge Bearing :-

(not factored)

over heel, qQstb,k =

beyond heel, qQdst,k =
QQstb,k = qQstb,k (B-t) =
Horizontal, HQb,k =
Vertical, VQb,k =

Vertical, VGb,k =
Permanent Loads :- Bridge Bearing :Self Weight of :- Stem, S = WGs,k =
Footing, F = WGf,k =
Fill over heel, WGh,k =
Action Effects :Active Earth Pressure Coefficient,
Lateral force from: surcharge, QQdst,k = KaqQdst,k(H+v) =
soil weight, PG,k = Kab(H+v)/2 =
(on virtual back)
Action Effects :Total Permanent Vertical Load, VG,k=WG,k+VGb,k=
Eccentricity from centre of footing of VG,k ;
Sum of all Vertical Loads, VG,k+VQb,k+QQstb,k =
Sum of all Horizontal Forces, PG,k+QQdst,k+HQb,k =
Eccentricity (all Action Effects) from centre of footing;

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10 kPa
10 kPa
Forces
50 kN/m
0 kN/m
0 kN/m
0
150.0
175.0
432.0
Ka =
23.3
147.0

Moments
about Fulcrum
Clockwise +ve
225 kN-m/m
0 kN-m/m
0 kN-m/m

kN/m
0 kN-m/m
kN/m
375.0 kN-m/m
kN/m
612.5 kN-m/m
kN/m 2160.0 kN-m/m
0.333
kN/m
-81.7 kN-m/m
kN/m
-343.0 kN-m/m

757.0 kN/m 3147.5 kN-m/m

emin = -0.205 m
807.0 kN/m 3372.5 kN-m/m
170.3 kN/m
-424.7 kN-m/m
emax = -0.153 m

01/09/2017

Cantilever Retaining Wall

EuroNorm EN-7, Design Approach 1

PARTIAL FACTORS
Materials M1
M2
On Tan ,
=
1
1.25

Actions
Permanent, G =
G,fav =
Variable, Q =

A1
1.35
1
1.5

A2
1
1
1.3

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DESIGN VALUES
M1
M2
d =
30
24.8 degrees
Ka = 0.333 0.409 ratio

Vd=GVG,k+Q(QQstb,k+VQb,k)=
Vd,fav = G,favWGk =
Pd = GPG,k =
Qd = QKaqdst,k(H+v) =

A1
1097.0
757.0
198.5
35.0

A2
822.0
757.0
180.4
37.2

kN/m
kN/m
kN/m
kN/m

Moment of P = P (H+v)/3 = -463.1 -421.0 kN-m/m

Moment of Qd = Qd(H+v)/2 = -122.5 -130.3 kN-m/m

d negative.
N.B. these moments are anti-clockwise about fulcrum anddtherefore

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01/09/2017

Cantilever Retaining Wall

EuroNorm EN-7, Design Approach 1

CHECK STABILITY WITH MINIMUM LOAD OVER FOOTING :

Coefficient of friction (concrete on soil), =Tan
Assume d = d for cast insitu footing (no plastic sheet)
Horizontal action effect, Pd+Qd = HEd,dst =
Frictional resistance against sliding, HRd = Vd,fav * Tan d =
For sliding:Degree of utilisation GEO,1 = H Ed,dst/HRd =

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Vb = Hb = qstb = zero
A1
A2
233.5
437.1
53%

217.7 kN/m
349.6 kN/m
62%

Overturning action effect, MPd + MQd = MEd,dst = -585.6 -551.3 kN-m/m

Restoring action effect, MRd,fav = G,fav(Moments of WG,k) = 3147.5 3147.5 kN-m/m
For overturning:- Degree of utilisation GEO,1 = MEd,dst/MRd,fav =
19%
18%
Eccentricity from centre of footing:B 2 (MRd

e = B/2 M/V
+ MEd,dst) V
d,fav = 0.116 0.070 m

Equivalent footing width, Ref. Meyerhof G (1963), B' = B-2e =

Equivalent bearing pressure = Vd,fav/B' =

file:///var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_3/342093523.xls

6.769
111.8

6.859 m
110.4 kPa

01/09/2017

Cantilever Retaining Wall

EuroNorm EN-7, Design Approach 1

CHECK STABILITY WITH MAXIMUM LOAD OVER FOOTING

Total horizontal action effect, Pd+Qd+QHQb,k = HEd,dst =
Frictional resistance against sliding, HRd = Vd * Tan =
For sliding:Degree of utilisation GEO,1 = H Ed,dst/HRd =

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A1
233.5
633.3
37%

A2
217.7 kN/m
379.7 kN/m
57%

Overturning action effect, MPd + MQd + QHQb,k(Z+v) = MEd,dst = -585.6 -551.3

Restoring action effect, MRd = 4586.6 3440.0 kN-m/m
Degree of utilization GEO,1 = MEd,dst / MEd,stb =
13%
16%
Eccentricity from centre of footing, e= B/2 (MRd + MEd,dst) Vd = -0.147 -0.014 m
B' = B-2e = 7.295 7.028 m
Equivalent bearing pressure = Vd,fav/B' = 150.4 117.0 kPa
CHECK BEARING CAPACITY
Bowles (1997) Tables 4-1 & 4-3 after Meyerhof (1963)
qult = cNcscdcic+qq Nqsqdqiq+ 0.5bB'Nsdi
where c=0 & qq =
18
kPa
A1
A2
Nq=e(Tand)Tan(45+d/2) = 18.401 10.431
N=2(Nq -1)Tan(d) = 20.093 8.7118
Shape Factors:A1
A2
sq=1+(B'/L) Sin(d) 1.0338 1.0288
= Tan-1(HEd,dst Vd,fav) = 12.014 14.831 degrees
sc=(sq*Nq-1)/(Nq-1) 1.0358 1.0318
Kp =
3 2.4442
s=10.3*B/L
dq = d = 1+0.1Kp(D/B) = 1.0247 1.0223
0.979 0.979
iq = (1-/90) = 0.7508 0.6976
i = (1-/) = 0.3594 0.1614
qult = 740.73 224.84 kPa
Degree of utilization GEO,1 = q'/qult =
20%
52%
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01/09/2017

Piles
All piles are
axially reinforced with
Edge clearance =
Lever arm, La
Vertical Load, VEd =
Horizontal Load, HEd =
Moment, MEd =
Vd,Toe =
Vd,Heel =

0.3 m diameter
6 No. Y 12
bars
Asc/Ac = 0.96%
0.1 m
3.25 m
1.5 diam.?
A1
A2
1097.0 822.0 kN/m
233.5 217.7 kN/m
-161.8 -11.7 kN-m/m
523.6 409.2 kN/m
573.4 412.8 kN/m

Pile spacing along toe, f =

Pile spacing along heel, r =

1.2 m
1.45 m

A1
A2
Vertical Load per pile:
Front Pile (toe) = Vd,T 628.3 491.0 kN/pile
Rear Pile (heel) = Vd,H 831.4 598.6 kN/pile
Ult. BM res. of pile: (from design interaction charts)
Front Pile (toe)
In CP110 terms, N/h =
6.98
5.46
41
38 kN-m/pile
From CP110 Chart Mr,T =
4
Mr,T/(Diam Kp) =
93
106 Estimate from Charts
3
Broms: Hr,T/(Diam Kp) =
40
45
Hr,T =
58
53 kN/pile
Rear Pile (heel)
In CP110 terms, N/h =
9.24
6.65
41
36 kN-m/pile
From CP110 Chart Mr,H =
Mr,H/(Diam4Kp) =
93
102 Estimate from Charts
3
Broms: Hr,H/(Diam Kp) =
40
44
Hr,H =
58
52 kN/pile

SECTION X-X

Unit Horiz.Res., HRd =

89
81 kN/m
STR,1 = HEd/HRd = 263% 270%
Sand density =
cohesion, c =
friction, =
Passive coefft. Kp =

18 kN/m
zero kN/m
A1
A2
30
24.8 degrees
3.00
2.44

Page 7

PLAN