Contents:

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1.

Introduction
Bio Foods and Beverages
Biopharmaceutical
Bio-Pesticides
Bio fertilizers
Bio-Detergents
References

Introduction:
Biological Products (Biogenic Compounds) are Substances Produced by a Living
Organism e.g. by Human/Animal Tissue or from Microbes. Examples: Blood, Toxins or
Anti-toxin, Vaccine.

Types: Four Main Types of Biological Molecules Are: a) Carbohydrates b) Proteins c) Lipids
d) Nuclei Acids
1. Carbohydrates The most abundant biological molecules Carbon compounds containing
large quantities of hydroxyl groups Energy rich compounds Have a variety of important
functions (structural, nutritional , informational) in living systems.
2. Lipids Carbon containing, non -polar bio-molecules, the most energy rich bio-molecules.
Functionally much important as insulators, structural components, energy storage, etc.
3. Proteins Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur Almost half of a cell
consists of proteins Serve as structural components, control molecules (enzymes),
transport and messenger molecules in animals.
4. Nucleic Acids Large biological molecules, essential for all known forms of life Store
information for cellular growth and reproduction. They are not energy source like
carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. These are of two types: a) deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) b) ribonucleic acid (RNA).

2. Bio Foods and Beverages

In Bio foods enzymes are used for an increasing range of applications: bakery, cheese making,
starch processing and production of fruit juices and other drinks. Here, they can improve texture,
appearance and nutritional value, and may generate desirable flavors and aromas in food
production, enzymes have a number of advantages.
Major kinds of Bio food and beverages are:
Foods; Cheese, Bread, Yogurts (different flavors), corn etc.
Beverages; Beer, Wine, Spirit, Coffee, coconut milk, Lassi

3. Biopharmaceutical:

Biopharmaceuticals are the drugs which are urbanized. There are no chemicals concerned in the
combination of these drugs, but microorganisms have completed it likely to expand them.
Some kinds of biopharmaceuticals include:

Interferons (Interferons-, -, -)

Interleukin-based products (Interleukin-2)

Vaccines (Hepatitis B surface antigen)

Monoclonal antibodies (Various)

Blood factors (Factor VIII and Factor IX)

Thrombolytic agents (tissue plasminogen activator)

Hormones (insulin, glucagon, growth hormone, gonadotrophins)

Haematopoietic growth factors (Erythropoietin, colony stimulating factors)

Additional products (tumour necrosis factor, therapeutic enzymes)

4. Bio-Pesticides
Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest.[2] They are
a class of biocide. The most common use of pesticides is as plant protection products (also
known as crop protection products), which in general protect plants from damaging influences
such as weeds, fungi, or insects. Major kinds of bio-pesticides in Pakistan include:
Azodrein , Sudan, Boss super, Ripcod etc.
5. Bio fertilizers
'Biofertilizer' is a substance which contains living microorganism which, when applied to seed,
plant surfaces, or soil, colonizes the rhizosphere or the interior of the plant and promotes growth

by increasing the supply or availability of primary nutrients to the host plant. Biofertilizers are
not fertilizers.
Fertilizers directly increase soil fertility by adding nutrients. Biofertilizers add nutrients through
the natural processes of fixing atmospheric nitrogen [3], solubilizing Phosphorus, and
stimulating plant growth through the synthesis of growth promoting substances [4].
Biofertilizers can be grouped in different ways based on their nature and function [5].
1. Nitrogen (N2) fixing Biofertilizers
Urea [CO(NH2)2], Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3), Ammonium sulfate [(NH4)2SO4]
2. P Solubilizing Biofertilizers
Diammonium phosphate [(NH4)2HPO4], Monoammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4)
3. P Mobilizing Biofertilizers
Potassium sulfate (K2SO4), Potassium chloride (KCl)
4. Biofertilizers for Micro nutrients
5. Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
6. Bio-Detergents
Laundry detergent, or washing powder, is a type of detergent (cleaning agent) that is added for
cleaning laundry, commonly mixtures of chemical compounds including alkylbenzenesulfonates,
which are similar to soap but are less affected by hard water. While detergent is still sold in
powdered form, liquid detergents have been taking major market shares in many countries since
their introduction in the 1960s.[1]
Here are some detergents available in Pakistan;
Express power, Surf Excel, Sunlight, Ariel, Tide, OMO, Fairy

References:
1. https://www.smithersapex.com/liquid-vs-powder-detergents.aspx
2. US Environmental (July 24, 2007), What is a pesticide? epa.gov. Retrieved on September
15, 2007
3. Bilal, R., 1998. Associative biological nitrogen fixation in plants growing in saline soils.
Ph.D. Thesis. Department of Botany, University of the Punjab, Lahore
4. Afzal, A. and A. Bano, 2008. Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria improve the
yield and phosphorus uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Int. J. Agric. Biol., 10: 8588
5. Naveed, M., I. Mehboob, M.A. Shaker, M.B. Hussain and M. Farooq, 2015. Biofertilizers

in Pakistan: initiatives and limitations. Int. J. Agric. Biol., 17: 411420