28/10/2015

PreparationofpHbuffersolutions

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PreparationofpHbuffersolutions
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PhosphateandAcetatebuffers
Thedifferentnamesforphosphatesalts.StandardizationbufferspH4andpH7.Phrangeofsome
buffersystems.Makingupbuffersolutionsbyaddinganadjustersolution(acidorbase)toaknown
volumeandconcentrationofaprimarysaltsolution.Potassiumhydrogenphosphate,potassium
dihydrogenphosphate,disodiumhydrogenphosphate,potassiumhydrogenphthalate,sodium
acetate,sodiumtetraborate,trisaminomethane.

Relatedlink:
AnalysisBuffers

ForEDTAtitrations
ForFluoride(TISAB)
ForDeterminationofFe.
Onthispage:Clickthelinksbelowtojumptotherelevantinfo:
ThepreparationofpHbuffersolutions
acetatebuffers
phosphatebuffers
solidmixturebuffers

Phosphates
Phosphatesaltsareknownbyseveralnamesandthecorrectphosphatemustbeusedtopreparebuffer
solutions.
Onephosphatecannotbesubstitutedforanotherphosphate.Checkformulaofsalttobecertain.
Formula

Nameofsalt

Othernames

potassiumdihydrogenorthophosphate
monobasicpotassiumphosphate
KH2 PO4 potassiumdihydrogen monopotassiumphosphate
phosphate
acidpotassiumphosphate
potassiumbiphosphate
K2 HPO4

dipotassiumhydrogenorthophosphate
potassiumhydrogen dipotassiumhydrogenphosphate
phosphate
dibasicpotassiumphosphate
dipotassiumphosphate

K3 PO4

potassiumphosphate

tribasicpotassiumphosphate
tripotassiumphosphate

Standardizationbuffers
ForpH=7.00:
Add29.1mlof0.1molarNaOHto50ml0.1molarpotassiumdihydrogenphosphate.
Alternatively:
Dissolve1.20gofsodiumdihydrogenphosphateand0.885gofdisidiumhydrogenphosphatein1litervolume
distilledwater.
ForpH=4.00:
Add0.1mlof0.1molarNaOHto50mlof0.1molarpotassiumhydrogenphthalate.
Alternatively:
Dissolve8.954gofdisodiumhydrogenphosphste.12H2 Oand3.4023gofpotassiumdihydrogenphosphatein1
litervolumedistilledwater.

Rangeofcommonbuffersystems

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UsefulbufferingpHrange@
25C

Bufferingsystem

Hydrochloricacid/Potassiumchloride

1.02.2

Glycine/Hydrochloricacid

2.23.6

Potassiumhydrogenphthalate/Hydrochloricacid

2.24.0

Citricacid/Sodiumcitrate

3.06.2

Sodiumacetate/Aceticacid

3.75.6

Potassiumhydrogenphtaalate/Sodiumhydroxide

4.15.9

Disodiumhydrogenphthalate/Sodiumdihydrogenorthophospate

5.88.0

Dipotassiumhydrogenphthalate/Potassiumdihydrogen
orthophospate

5.88.0

Potassiumdihydrogenorthophosphate/sodiumhydroxide

5.88.00

Barbitonesodium/Hydrochloricacid

6.89.6

Tris(hydroxylmethyl)aminomethane/Hydrochloricacid

7.09.00

Sodiumtetraborate/Hydrochloricacid

8.19.2

Glycine/Sodiumhydroxide

8.610.6

Sodiumcarbonate/Sodiumhydrogencarbonate

9.210.8

Sodiumtetraborate/Sodiumhydroxide

9.310.7

Sodiumbicarbonate/Sodiumhydroxide

9.6011.0

Sodiumhydrogenorthophosphate/Sodiumhydroxide

11.011.9

Potassiumchloride/Sodiumhydroxide

12.013.0

PreparingaBufferSolution
Thispagegivestabulatedinfoonthepreparationofbuffersbymixingadjusters
withaknownvolumeoftheprimarysaltsolution,andmadeupto200mlwithdistilledwater.
BUFFERS1.009.00
BufferA:
pH1.02.2

BufferB:
pH2.24.00

BufferC:
pH4.105.90

BufferD:
pH5.88.00

BufferE:
pH7.09.00

50ml0.2M
KCl+mlsof
0.2MHCl

100ml0.1M
potassiumhydrogen
phthalate+mlsof0.1
MHCl.

100ml0.1M
potassiumhydrogen
phthalate+mlsof0.1
MNaOH

.100ml0.1M
KH2PO4+mls
of0.1MNaOH.

100ml0.1Mtris
(hydroxymethyl)
aminomethane+mls
of0.1MHCl.

pH

pH

pH

pH

pH

mlsof
0.2M
HCl
added

mlsof0.1MHCl
added

mlsof0.1M
NaOHadded

mlsof
0.1M
NaOH
added

mlsof0.1M
HCladded

1.00 134.0

2.20 99.0

4.10 2.6

5.80 7.2

7.00 93.2

1.10 105.6

2.30 91.6

4.20 6.0

5.90 9.2

7.10 91.4

1.20 85.0

2.40 84.4

4.30 9.4

6.00 11.2

7.20 89.4

1.30 67.2

2.50 77.6

4.40 13.2

6.10 13.6

7.30 86.8

1.40 53.2

2.60 70.8

4.50 17.4

6.20 16.2

7.40 84.0

1.50 41.4

2.70 64.2

4.60 22.2

6.30 19.4

7.50 80.6

1.60 32.4

2.80 57.8

4.70 27.2

6.40 23.2

7.60 77.0

1.70 26.0

2.90 51.4

4.80 33.0

6.50 27.8

7.70 73.2

1.80 20.4

3.00 44.6

4.90 38.8

6.60 32.8

7.80 69.0

1.90 16.2

3.10 37.6

5.00 45.2

6.70 38.6

7.90 64.0

2.00 13.0

3.20 31.4

5.10 51.0

6.80 44.8

8.00 58.4

2.10 10.2

3.30 25.8

5.20 57.6

6.90 51.8

8.l0 52.4

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2.20 7.8

3.40 20.8

5.30 63.2

7.00 58.2

8.20 45.8

3.50 16.4

5.40 68.2

7.10 64.2

8.30 39.8

3.60 12.6

5.50 73.2

7.20 69.4

8.40 34.4

3.70 9.0

5.60 77.6

7.30 74.0

8.50 29.4

3.80 5.8

5.70 81.2

7.40 78.2

8.60 24.4

3.90 2.8

5.80 84.6

7.50 82.2

8.70 20.6

4.00 0.2

5.90 87.4

7.60 85.6

8.80 17.0

7.70 88.4

8.90 14.0

7.80 90.6

9.00 11.4

7.90 92.2
8.00 93.4

BUFFERS0813
BufferF:pH8.09.10 BufferG:
pH9.210.80

BufferH:
pH9.6011.00

100mL0.025M
Na2B4O7.10H2O
(borax)+mlsof0.1M
HCl.

100mL0.025M
Na2B4O7.10H2O
(borax)+mlsof0.1M
NaOH.

100mL0.05M
100mL0.05M
50mL0.2M
NaHCO3+mlsof Na2HPO4+mls KCl+volume
0.1MNaOH.
of0.1MNaOH. indicated(in
mL)0.2M
NaOH.

pH

pH

mlsof0.1M
NaOHadded

pH

mlsof0.1M pH
NaOH
added

8.00 41.0

9.20

1.8

9.60

10.0

10.90 6.6

12.00 12.0

8.10 39.4

9.30

7.2

9.70

12.4

11.00 8.2

12.10 16.0

8.20 37.6

9.40

12.4

9.80

15.2

11.10 10.2

12.20 20.4

8.30 35.4

9.50

17.6

9.90

18.2

11.20 12.6

12.30 25.6

8.40 33.2

9.60

22.2

10.00 21.4

11.30 15.2

12.40 32.4

8.50 30.4

9.70

26.2

10.10 24.4

11.40 18.2

12.50 40.8

8.60 27.0

9.80

30.0

10.20 27.6

11.50 22.2

12.60 51.2

8.70 23.2

9.90

33.4

10.30 30.4

11.60 27.0

12.70 64.4

8.80 19.2

10.00 36.6

10.40 33.0

11.70 32.4

12.80 82.4

8.90 14.2

10.10 39.0

10.50 35.6

11.80 38.8

12.90 106.0

9.00 9.2

10.20 41.0

10.60 38.2

11.90 46.0

13.00 132.0

9.10 4.0

10.30 42.6

10.70 40.4

12.00 53.8

10.40 44.2

10.80 42.4

10.50 45.4

10.90 44.0

10.60 46.6

11.00 45.4

mlsof0.1MHCl
added

BufferI:
BufferJ:
pH10.9012.00 pH12.00
13.00

mlsof
0.1M
NaOH
added

pH

mlsof
0.2M
NaOH
added

10.70 47.6
10.80 48.5

AcetatebuffersolutionspH36
Makeupthefollowingsolutions
(1)0.1Maceticacid
(2)0.1Msodiumacetate(trihydrate)(13.6g/l)
Mixinthefollowingproportionstogettherequiredph

ph

vol.of0.1M
aceticacid

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vol.of0.1M
sodiumacetate
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982.3mls

17.7mls

847.0mls

153.0mls

357.0mls

643.0mls

52.2mls

947.8mls

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PreparationofpHbuffersolutions

Phosphatebuffersolutionsph711
Makeupthefollowingsolutions
(1)0.1Mdisodiumhydrogenphosphate(14.2g/l)
(2)0.1MHCl
(3)0.1MNaOH
Mixinthefollowingproportionstogettherequiredph
ph vol.ofphosphate

vol.of0.1MHCl

vol.of0.1MNaOH

756.0mls

244mls

955.1mls

44.9mls

955.0mls

45.0mls

10

966.4mls

11

965.3mls

AdditionofacidorbasetoasaltpH311
Here,theprimarysaltisasolidandisweighedoutingrams.Ameasuredamountof0.1MHClorNaOHis
added,
thenmadeupto1litertogivetherelevantbuffersolution4.
pH

Saltmixture
Diluteeachmixtureto1litersolutionwithdistilledwater

10.21gpotassiumhydrogenphthalateand223mlof0.10MHCl

10.21gpotassiumhydrogenphthalateand1mlof0.10MHCl

10.21gpotassiumhydrogenphthalateand226mlof0.10MNaOH

6.81gpotassiumdihydrogenphOsphateand56mlof0.10MNaOH

6.81gpotassiumdihydrogenphosphateand291mlof0.10MNaOH

6.81gpotassiumdihydrogenphosphateand467mlof0.10MNaOH

4.77gsodiumtetraborateand46mlof0.10MHCl

10 4.77gsodiumtetraborateand183mlof0.10MNaOH
11 2.10gsodiumbicarbonateand227mlof0.10MNaOH

1.ThePhysicalandTheoreticalLaboratory,OxfordUniversity.
2."Electrolytesolutions"Robinson,R.A.,andStokes,R.H.,2nded.,rev.London,Butterworths,1968.
3."Practicalchemistry"J.LambertandT.A.Muir,3rd.Ed.Heineman,London.
4.pdffile,www.bc.ca/bcsc/resources/(CanadianTeachersFederation).

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Backtotop
Signature:DhanlalDeLloyd,Chem.Dept,TheUniversityofTheWestIndies,St.Augustinecampus
TheRepublicofTrinidadandTobago.
Copyright:delloyd2000Allrightsreserved.

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