Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
User manual
MN.00273.E - 001
Volume 1/1
ALFOPlus
Section 1.
USER GUIDE
2.2
2.3
CORRECT DISPOSAL OF THIS PRODUCT (Waste electrical & electronic equipment) ..... 9
3.2
3.3
Section 2.
DESCRIPTIONS AND
SPECIFICATION
13
GENERAL.........................................................................................................15
APPLICATIONS .................................................................................................15
5.2.1 Functionality ..........................................................................................16
5.3
PROGRAMMABILITY ..........................................................................................16
5.4
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS...................................................................................17
5.5
GENERAL.........................................................................................................26
6.2
DESCRIPTION ..................................................................................................26
LOOPS ............................................................................................................32
6.4
6.5
CHARACTERISTICS ...........................................................................................34
6.5.1 Electrical characteristics...........................................................................34
6.5.2 Line Interface Characteristics....................................................................41
6.5.3 Power supply and cable ...........................................................................51
6.5.4 Size ......................................................................................................51
6.5.5 Weights .................................................................................................51
6.5.6 Environmental conditions .........................................................................51
Section 3.
INSTALLATION
55
7.2
7.3
7.4
INSTALLATION ONTO THE POLE OF THE ODU WITH INTEGRATED ANTENNA .............57
7.4.1 ODU (Standard Lock) ..............................................................................57
7.5
7.4.1.1
7.4.1.2
7.5.1.2
7.5.1.3
7.6
GROUNDING ....................................................................................................61
7.7
USER CONNECTORS..........................................................................................67
Section 4.
LINE-UP
7.5.1.1
71
GENERAL.........................................................................................................71
8.2
SWITCH ON .....................................................................................................71
8.3
8.4
CONNECTION PROCEDURE.................................................................................72
8.5
FIRST CONFIGURATION.....................................................................................73
8.6
8.7
8.8
FIRMWARE ......................................................................................................78
8.9
ADAPTIVE MODULATION....................................................................................79
Section 5.
MAINTENANCE
83
GENERAL.........................................................................................................83
ALARMS ..........................................................................................................83
9.2.1 Alarm indications ....................................................................................83
9.2.2 SCT/WebLCT displayed alarms..................................................................84
GENERAL.........................................................................................................87
10.2
MAINTENANCE .................................................................................................87
10.2.1 Periodical checks ....................................................................................87
10.2.2 Corrective maintenance (troubleshooting) ..................................................88
10.3
TROUBLESHOOTING .........................................................................................88
10.3.1 Faulty condition detection ........................................................................88
10.3.2 Troubleshooting of a faulty unit ................................................................89
Section 6.
PROGRAMMING AND
SUPERVISION
91
GENERAL.........................................................................................................91
SUPERVISION THROUGH ETHERNET....................................................................91
11.2.1 General .................................................................................................92
11.2.2 Configurations ........................................................................................92
11.2.3 "Transparent in-band" management ..........................................................93
11.2.4 "VLAN based in-band" management ..........................................................94
11.2.5 "VLAN based In-band" drop node ..............................................................94
11.2.6 "Out-of-band" management .....................................................................95
11.2.7 Configurability ........................................................................................95
11.2.8 Address .................................................................................................95
11.2.9 Restore supervisioning access mode ..........................................................95
Section 7.
COMPOSITION
97
12 COMPOSITION .........................................................................................................97
12.1
GENERALS .......................................................................................................97
12.2
12.3
12.4
Section 8.
LISTS AND SERVICES
101
Section 1.
USER GUIDE
DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY
SIAE MICROELETTRONICA
Via Buonarroti, 21 - Cologno (MI) - Italy
DECLARES
THAT THE PRODUCTS
2.1
Do not touch the bare hands until the circuit has been opened. pen the circuit by switching off the line
switches. If that is not possible protect yourself with dry material and free the patient from the conductor.
2.1.1
Artificial respiration
It is important to start mouth resuscitation at once and to call a doctor immediately. suggested procedure
for mouth to mouth resuscitation method is described in the Tab.1.
2.1.2
Treatment of burns
This treatment should be used after the patient has regained consciousness. It can also be employed while
artificial respiration is being applied (in this case there should be at least two persons present).
Warning
Description
Lay the patient on his back with his arms parallel to the body.
If the patient is laying on an inclined plane, make sure that his
stomach is slightly lower than his chest. Open the patients
mouth and check that there is no foreign matter in mouth (dentures, chewing gum, etc.).
Figure
Kneel beside the patient level with his head. Put an hand under
the patients head and one under his neck.
2
Shift the hand from the patients neck to his chin and his
mouth, the index along his jawbone, and keep the other fingers
closed together.
3
While performing these operations take a good supply of oxygen by taking deep breaths with your mouth open
With your thumb between the patients chin and mouth keep
his lips together and blow into his nasal cavities
2.2
SAFETY RULES
When the equipment units are provided with the plate, shown in Fig.1, it means that they contain components electrostatic charge sensitive.
In order to prevent the units from being damaged while handling, it is advisable to wear an elasticized band
(Fig.2) around the wrist ground connected through coiled cord (Fig.3).
The units showing the label, shown in Fig.4, include laser diodes and the emitted power can be dangerous
for eyes; avoid exposure in the direction of optical signal emission.
2.3
(Applicable in the European Union and other European countries with separate collection systems). This
marking of Fig.5 shown on the product or its literature, indicates that it should not be disposed with other
household wastes at the end of its working life. To prevent possible harm to the environment or human
health from uncontrolled waste disposal, please separate this from other types of wastes and recycle it
responsibly to promote the sustainable reuse of material resources. Household users should contact either
the retailer where they purchased this product, or their local government office, for details of where and
how they can take this item for environmentally safe recycling. Business users should contact their supplier
and check the terms and conditions of the purchase contract. This product should not be mixed with other
commercial wastes for disposal.
3.1
The purpose of this manual consists in providing for the user information which permit to operate and
maintain the ALFOPlus radio equipment.
Warning: This manual does not include information relevant to the SCT/WebLCT management program
windows and relevant application. They will provided by the program itself as helpon line.
3.2
The following knowledge and skills are required to operate the equipment:
3.3
The manual is subdivided into sections each of them developing a specific topic entitling the section.
Each section consists of a set of chapters, enlarging the main subject master.
Section 3 Installation
The mechanical installation procedures are herein set down as well as the user electrical connections.
The content of the tool kit (if supplied) is also listed.
10
Section 4 LineUp
Lineup procedures are described as well as checks to be carried out for the equipment correct operation.
The list of the instruments to be used and their characteristics are also set down.
Section 5 Maintenance
The routine maintenance actions are described as well as fault location procedures in order to identify the
faulty unit and to reestablish the operation after its replacement with a spare one.
Section 7 Composition
Position, part numbers of the components the equipment consist of, are shown in this section.
11
12
Section 2.
DESCRIPTIONS AND
SPECIFICATION
LIST OF ACRONYMS
4.1
LIST OF ACRONYMS
ACM
AGC
ATPC
BBP
BER
CBS
CF
Coupling Flag
CIR
CoS
Class of Service
CVID
DSCP
EBS
EIR
ELP
EVC
FPGA
IP ToS
Type of Service IP
LACP
13
14
LAN
LLF
LNA
MAC
MDI
MDX
MEF
NE
Network Element
OAM
ODU
Outdoor Unit
PLL
POE
PToS
QAM
RED
RF
Radio Frequency
RSSI
RX
SCT
SNMP
SVID
TX
UNI
VCO
VID
VLAN
Virtual LAN
WEBLCT
WRR
5.1
GENERAL
ALFOPlus is a full-outdoor and full IP digital radio system for point-to-point applications, used for high capacity Ethernet transport (1 Gbps). The frequency range is from 6 GHz up to 42 GHz with hitless adaptive
code modulation (from 4QAM up to 1024QAM).
There are two available versions for ALFOPlus: Gigabit Electrical (GE) and Gigabit Optical (GO). This document provides a general overview of ALFOPlus (Access Link Full Outdoor) radio equipment.
5.2
APPLICATIONS
ALFOPlus is the ideal solution in urban environments foe all carrier-class applications in which the typical
requirements are Ethernet connections:
ALFOPlus doesnt need any indoor unit; power supply can be directly by POE+ through the data cable or
through a dedicated auxiliary port. Its available 1+0 or 1+1 radio system configurable via software following two versions of ALFOPlus:
1x10/100/1000BaseT traffic port (in-band management is also available) with clock and synchronism recovery
1x100/1000BaseX traffic port (In-Band management is also available) with clock and synchronism recovery
15
5.2.1
Functionality
SIAE ALFOPlus radio system presents the same functionalities of a switch (Layer 2).
ALFOPlus radio system is able to forward Virtual LAN in transparent way or to manage incoming traffic filtering it or tagging it or dividing it in different VLAN. Traffic Flow control and Traffic priority capabilities can
be enabled or disabled via LAN software.
ALFOPlus Ethernet switch functionality:
Flexible QoS based on VLAN (IEEE 802.1p), MPLS Exp BIT, ToS/DSCP (IPV4 or IPV6) per Port,
802.1p rewrite with MPLS
Queue Packet with Drop Policy: Tail Drop, Queue Drop, Red, Wred/Strict, WFQ, Mixed
IEEE 802.3ad LACP - Link Aggregation Control Protocol or Trunking Line or Link Aggregation
5.3
PROGRAMMABILITY
ALFOPlus radio system is managed by a microprocessor that makes it totally programmable via software
to perform the following functions:
16
Link ID
main management
-
routing table
S/N measure
back-up/restore configuration
software update
SNTP alignment
Tx transmitter OFF
radio loop
synchronisation
5.4
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
see Tab.2
Tolerance
2dB
Tab.2 - Tx power
ALFOPlus series
4SQAM
4QAM
27
27
25
25
23
23
23
23
23
22
27
27
25
25
23
23
23
23
23
22
11
26
26
24
24
22
22
22
22
22
21
13
26
26
24
24
22
22
22
22
22
21
15
26
26
24
24
22
22
22
22
22
21
18
21
21
19
19
17
17
17
17
17
16
23
21
21
19
19
17
17
17
17
17
16
26
20
20
18
18
16
16
16
16
16
15
28
19
19
17
17
15
15
15
15
15
14
32
18
18
16
16
14
14
14
14
14
13
38
17
17
15
15
13
13
13
13
13
12
42
15
15
13
13
11
11
11
11
11
10
17
RF output attenuation
ATPC range
BER=10-6
see Tab.3
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-95.5
-93.0
-89.5
-86.0
-84.5
-82.0
-78.5
-76.0
-73.0
-69.5
14 MHz
-94.5
-91.0
-88.0
-84.5
-82.5
-80.0
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
-66.5
28 MHz
-91.5
-88.0
-84.5
-81.5
-80.0
-77.0
-74.0
-70.5
-68.0
-64.0
56 MHz
-88.5
-85.0
-81.5
-78.5
-76.5
-74.0
-71.0
-67.5
-65.0
-60.5
6 GHz
@BER10
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
-6
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-93.5
-91.0
-87.5
-84.5
-82.5
-80.0
-76.5
-74.0
-71.0
-67.5
14 MHz
-92.5
-89.0
-86.0
-82.5
-80.5
-78.0
-74.5
-71.5
-68.5
-64.5
28 MHz
-89.5
-86.0
-82.5
-79.5
-78.0
-75.0
-72.0
-68.5
-66.0
-62.0
56 MHz
-86.5
-83.0
-79.5
-76.5
-74.5
-72.0
-69.0
-65.5
-63.0
-58.5
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-95.5
-93.0
-89.5
-86.5
-84.5
-82.0
-78.5
-76.0
-73.0
-69.5
14 MHz
-94.5
-91.0
-88.0
-84.5
-82.5
-80.0
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
-66.5
28 MHz
-91.5
-88.0
-84.5
-81.5
-80.0
-77.0
-74.0
-70.5
-68.0
-64.0
56 MHz
-88.5
-85.0
-81.5
-78.5
-76.5
-74.0
-71.0
-67.5
-65.0
-60.5
7 GHz
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-93.5
-91.0
-87.5
-84.5
-82.5
-80.0
-76.5
-74.0
-71.0
-67.5
14 MHz
-92.5
-89.0
-86.0
-82.5
-80.5
-78.0
-74.5
-71.5
-68.5
-64.5
28 MHz
-89.5
-86.0
-82.5
-79.5
-78.0
-75.0
-72.0
-68.5
-66.0
-62.0
56 MHz
-86.5
-83.0
-79.5
-76.5
-74.5
-72.0
-69.0
-65.5
-63.0
-58.5
18
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
11 GHz
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-95.0
-92.5
-89.0
-86.0
-84.0
-81.5
-78.0
-75.5
-72.5
-69.0
14 MHz
-94.0
-90.5
-87.5
-84.0
-82.0
-79.5
-76.0
-73.0
-70.0
-66.0
28 MHz
-91.0
-87.5
-84.0
-81.0
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.0
-67.5
-63.5
56 MHz
-88.0
-84.5
-81.0
-78.0
-76.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.0
-64.5
-60.0
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-93.0
-90.5
-87.0
-84.0
-82.0
-79.5
-76.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.0
14 MHz
-92.0
-88.5
-85.5
-82.0
-80.0
-77.5
-74.0
-71.0
-68.0
-64.0
28 MHz
-89.0
-85.5
-82.0
-79.0
-77.5
-74.5
-71.5
-68.0
-65.5
-61.5
56 MHz
-86.0
-82.5
-79.0
-76.0
-74.0
-71.5
-68.5
-65.0
-62.5
-58.0
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
13 GHz
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-95.0
-92.5
-89.0
-86.0
-84.0
-81.5
-78.0
-75.5
-72.5
-69.0
14 MHz
-94.0
-90.5
-87.5
-84.0
-82.0
-79.5
-76.0
-73.0
-70.0
-66.0
28 MHz
-91.0
-87.5
-84.0
-81.0
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.0
-67.5
-63.5
56 MHz
-88.0
-84.5
-81.0
-78.0
-76.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.0
-64.5
-60.0
@BER10
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-93.0
-90.5
-87.0
-84.0
-82.0
-79.5
-76.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.0
14 MHz
-92.0
-88.5
-85.5
-82.0
-80.0
-77.5
-74.0
-71.0
-68.0
-64.0
28 MHz
-89.0
-85.5
-82.0
-79.0
-77.5
-74.5
-71.5
-68.0
-65.5
-61.5
56 MHz
-86.0
-82.5
-79.0
-76.0
-74.0
-71.5
-68.5
-65.0
-62.5
-58.0
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
15 GHz
-6
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-95.0
-92.5
-89.0
-86.0
-84.0
-81.5
-78.0
-75.5
-72.5
-69.0
14 MHz
-94.0
-90.5
-87.5
-84.0
-82.0
-79.5
-76.0
-73.0
-70.0
-66.0
28 MHz
-91.0
-87.5
-84.0
-81.0
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.0
-67.5
-63.5
56 MHz
-88.0
-84.5
-81.0
-78.0
-76.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.0
-64.5
-60.0
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-93.0
-90.5
-87.0
-84.0
-82.0
-79.5
-76.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.0
14 MHz
-92.0
-88.5
-85.5
-82.0
-80.0
-77.5
-74.0
-71.0
-68.0
-64.0
28 MHz
-89.0
-85.5
-82.0
-79.0
-77.5
-74.5
-71.5
-68.0
-65.5
-61.5
56 MHz
-86.0
-82.5
-79.0
-76.0
-74.0
-71.5
-68.5
-65.0
-62.5
-58.0
19
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-94.5
-92.0
-88.5
-85.5
-83.5
-81.0
-77.5
-75.0
-72.0
-68.5
14 MHz
-93.5
-90.0
-87.0
-83.5
-81.5
-79.0
-75.5
-72.5
-69.5
-65.5
28 MHz
-90.5
-87.0
-83.5
-80.5
-79.0
-76.0
-73.0
-69.5
-67.5
-63.0
56 MHz
-87.5
-84.0
-80.5
-77.5
-75.5
-73.0
-70.0
-66.5
-64.0
-59.5
18 GHz
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-92.5
-90.0
-86.5
-83.5
-81.5
-79.0
-75.5
-73.0
-70.0
-66.5
14 MHz
-91.5
-88.0
-85.0
-81.5
-79.5
-77.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
-63.5
28 MHz
-88.5
-85.0
-81.5
-78.5
-77.0
-74.0
-71.0
-67.5
-65.0
-61.0
56 MHz
-85.5
-82.0
-78.5
-75.5
-73.5
-71.0
-68.0
-64.5
-62.0
-57.5
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-94.5
-92.0
-88.5
-85.5
-83.5
-81.0
-77.5
-75.0
-72.0
-68.5
14 MHz
-93.5
-90.0
-87.0
-83.5
-81.5
-79.0
-75.5
-72.5
-69.5
-65.5
28 MHz
-90.5
-87.0
-83.5
-80.5
-79.0
-76.0
-73.0
-69.5
-67.5
-63.0
56 MHz
-87.5
-84.0
-80.5
-77.5
-75.5
-73.0
-70.0
-66.5
-64.0
-59.5
23 GHz
@BER10
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
-6
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-92.5
-90.0
-86.5
-83.5
-81.5
-79.0
-75.5
-73.0
-70.0
-66.5
14 MHz
-91.5
-88.0
-85.0
-81.5
-79.5
-77.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
-63.5
28 MHz
-88.5
-85.0
-81.5
-78.5
-77.0
-74.0
-71.0
-67.5
-65.0
-61.0
56 MHz
-85.5
-82.0
-78.5
-75.5
-73.5
-71.0
-68.0
-64.5
-62.0
-57.5
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-94.0
-91.5
-88.0
-85.0
-83.0
-80.5
-77.0
-74.5
-71.5
-68.0
14 MHz
-93.0
-89.5
-86.5
-83.0
-81.0
-78.5
-75.0
-72.0
-69.0
-65.0
28 MHz
-90.0
-86.5
-83.0
-80.0
-78.5
-75.5
-72.5
-69.0
-66.5
-62.5
56 MHz
-87.0
-83.5
-80.0
-77.0
-75.0
-72.5
-69.5
-66.0
-63.5
-59.0
26 GHz
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-92.0
-89.5
-86.0
-83.0
-81.0
-78.5
-75.0
-72.5
-69.5
-66.0
14 MHz
-91.0
-87.5
-84.5
-81.0
-79.0
-76.0
-73.0
-70.0
-67.0
-63.0
28 MHz
-88.0
-84.5
-81.0
-78.0
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
-67.0
-64.5
-60.5
56 MHz
-85.0
-81.5
-78.0
-75.0
-73.0
-70.5
-67.5
-64.0
-61.5
-57.0
20
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
28 GHz
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-93.5
-91.0
-87.5
-84.5
-82.5
-80.5
-76.5
-74.0
-71.0
-67.5
14 MHz
-92.5
-89.0
-86.0
-82.5
-80.5
-78.0
-74.5
-71.5
-68.5
-64.5
28 MHz
-89.5
-86.0
-82.5
-79.5
-78.0
-75.0
-72.0
-68.5
-66.0
-62.0
56 MHz
-86.5
-83.0
-79.5
-76.5
-74.5
-72.0
-69.0
-65.5
-63.0
-58.5
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-91.5
-89.0
-85.5
-82.5
-80.5
-78.0
-74.5
-72.0
-69.0
-65.5
14 MHz
-90.5
-87.0
-84.0
-80.5
-78.5
-76.0
-72.5
-69.5
-66.5
-62.5
28 MHz
-87.5
-84.0
-80.5
-77.5
-76.0
-73.0
-70.0
-66.5
-64.0
-60.0
56 MHz
-84.5
-81.0
-77.5
-74.5
-72.5
-70.0
-67.0
-63.5
-61.0
-56.5
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
32 GHz
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-92.0
-89.5
-86.0
-83.0
-81.0
-78.5
-75.0
-72.5
-69.5
-66.0
14 MHz
-91.0
-87.5
-84.5
-81.0
-79.0
-76.5
-73.0
-70.0
-67.0
-63.0
28 MHz
-88.0
-84.5
-81.0
-78.0
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
-67.0
-64.5
-60.5
56 MHz
-85.0
-81.5
-78.0
-75.0
-73.0
-70.5
-67.5
-64.0
-61.5
-57.0
@BER10
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-90.0
-87.5
-84.0
-81.0
-79.0
-76.5
-73.0
-70.5
-67.5
-64.0
14 MHz
-89.0
-85.5
-82.5
-79.0
-77.0
-74.5
-71.0
-68.0
-65.0
-61.0
28 MHz
-86.0
-82.0
-79.0
-76.0
-74.5
-71.5
-68.5
-65.0
-62.5
-58.5
56 MHz
-83.0
-79.5
-76.0
-73.0
-71.0
-68.5
-65.5
-62.0
-59.5
-55.0
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
38 GHz
-6
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-92.5
-90.0
-86.4
-83.5
-81.5
-79.0
-75.5
-73.0
-70.0
-66.5
14 MHz
-91.5
-88.0
-85.0
-81.5
-79.5
-77.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
-63.5
28 MHz
-88.5
-85.0
-81.5
-78.5
-77.0
-74.0
-71.0
-67.5
-65.0
-61.0
56 MHz
-85.5
-82.0
-78.5
-75.5
-73.5
-71.0
-68.0
-64.5
-62.0
-57.5
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-90.5
-88.0
-84.5
-81.5
-79.5
-77.0
-73.5
-71.0
-68.0
-64.5
14 MHz
-89.5
-86.0
-83.0
-79.5
-77.5
-75.0
-71.5
-68.5
-65.5
-61.5
28 MHz
-86.5
-83.0
-79.5
-76.5
-75.0
-72.0
-69.0
-65.5
-63.0
-59.0
56 MHz
-83.5
-80.0
-76.5
-73.5
-71.5
-69.0
-66.0
-62.5
-60.0
-55.5
21
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-91.5
-89.0
-85.5
-82.5
-80.5
-78.0
-74.5
-72.0
-69.0
-65.5
14 MHz
-90.5
-87.0
-84.0
-80.5
-78.5
-76.0
-72.5
-69.5
-66.5
-62.5
28 MHz
-87.5
-84.0
-80.5
-77.5
-76.0
-73.0
-70.0
-66.5
-64.0
-60.0
56 MHz
-84.5
-81.0
-77.5
-74.5
-72.5
-70.0
-67.0
-63.5
-61.0
-56.5
42 GHz
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-89.5
-87.0
-83.5
-80.5
-78.5
-76.0
-72.5
-70.0
-67.0
-63.5
14 MHz
-88.5
-85.0
-82.0
-78.5
-76.5
-74.0
-70.5
-67.5
-64.5
-60.5
28 MHz
-85.5
-82.0
-78.5
-75.5
-74.0
-71.0
-68.0
-64.5
-62.0
-58.0
56 MHz
-82.5
-79.0
-75.5
-72.5
-70.5
-68.0
-65.0
-61.5
-59.0
-54.5
Modulation
4QAM, up to 1024QAM
Bandwidth
4SQAM
4QAM
16SQAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
512QAM
1KQAM
7 MHz
9.295
10.872
16.225
21.080
24.483
30.293
36.102
41.912
47.763
53.572
14 MHz
16.393
22.025
32.870
42.705
49.599
61.368
71.137
84.906
96.759
108.529
28 MHz
32.956
44.279
66.081
85.854
99.713
123.373
147.034
170.694
194.524
218.185
56 MHz
65.912
88.558
132.161
171.708
199.425
246.746
294.068
341.389
389.048
436.369
see Tab.5
250 kHz
Loop facility
5.5
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
EMC
EN 301 489-4
RF channel arrangement
see Tab.5
22
Duplex Spacing
Channel number
Subbands
6L
3CH @ 29.65MHz
6U
3CH @ 40MHz
7.1 - 7.4
3CH @ 28MHz
7.1 - 7.4
2CH @ 28MHz
7.1 - 7.4
2CH @ 28MHz
7.1 - 7.4
168 MHz
2CH @ 28MHz
7.4 - 7.7
2CH @ 28MHz
7.4 - 7.7
2CH @ 28MHz
7.4 - 7.7
2CH @ 28MHz
7.4 - 7.9
2CH @ 28MHz
7.7 - 8.2
4CH @ 29.65MHz
7.9 - 8.5
3CH @ 28MHz
8.2 - 8.5
2CH @ 28MHz
7.9 - 8.4
3CH @ 28MHz
11
4CH @ 40MHz
13
3CH @ 28MHz
15
4CH @ 28MHz
15
4CH @ 28MHz
15
4CH @ 28MHz
15
4CH @ 28MHz
15
3CH @ 28MHz
15
3CH @ 28MHz
18
12CH @ 27.5MHz
18
15CH @ 27.5MHz
23
11CH @ 28MHz
23
11CH @ 28MHz
23
11CH @ 28MHz
26
16CH @ 28MHz
32
10CH @ 28MHz
38
20CH @ 28MHz
42
EN 301 128
Climatic characteristics
Safety
EN60950
23
157 mm
254 mm
254 mm
Fig.6 - ALFOPlus front/side view
24
25
ALFO
Plus
payload (VLANx) +
manag. (VLANy)
ALFO
Plus
manag. 2
ALFO
Plus
payload 1
payload +
manag.
ALFO
Plus
ALFO
Plus
ALFO
Plus
ALFO
Plus
ALFO
Plus
ALFO
Plus
ALFO
Plus
ALFO
Plus
ALFO
Plus
6.1
GENERAL
SIAE ALFOPlus is a radio system for digital link in full outdoor mechanics.
ALFOPlus (Access Link Full Outdoor) microwave radio system is available in various frequency ranges from
6 to 42 GHz.
The Outdoor Unit can be easily installed and configured owing to its:
reduced size
low consumption.
The first description given in the following first concerns the circuitry common to all the versions, then that
of the line interfaces will follow.
6.2
DESCRIPTION
The ALFOPlus consists of two PCB housed in a small size aluminium cabinet:
or
The description that follows (see Fig.16 and Fig.17) details the block diagrams of electrical and optical version.
26
6.2.1
Baseband processor
The baseband Processor unit (BBP) carries out the following operations:
I, Q demodulator
Rx baseband filtering
FPGA
Controller
6.2.2
Tx baseband filtering
I, Q modulator
frequency synthesizer
IF devices on Rx side
6.2.3
Firmware
Equipment software permits to control and manage all the equipment functionality and it is distributed on
two hardware levels: main controller and ODU peripheral controllers.
Firmware can be updated through the Web Lct and it is stored in two different memory benches: one containing the running firmware and the other the stand-by firmware. This permits to download a new
firmware release to the stand by bench without cutting the traffic
Use Bench Switch to activate the bench in stand-by (SW restart will be performed).
6.2.4
Web Lct
The Web Lct is a web interface software already present in the ALFO Plus, which requires Adobe Flash Player and allows the configuration and the management of the local radio, using LAN Port Management. When
the remote one is configured properly, the whole link can be managed (left side=local radio and right
side=remote radio). WEB Lct runs on any browser (Internet Explorer, Firefox etc....).
Web Lct console is a free software downlodable from the site www.siaemic.com after registration.
27
6.2.5
Inside ALFOPlus is present an Ethernet switch with 2 external ports line side (electrical 10/100/1000BaseT
or optical 100/1000BaseFX), one internal radio port and one port towards controller (see Fig.8).
Internal port is represented by the local radio stream where through native Ethernet transport is connected
with the remote equipment.
Microcontroller
Ethernet
packet switch
LAN1
LAN2
10/100BaseT
Port A
1000BaseT
Radio
1+0
10/100/1000BaseT
Switch function
ALFOPlus can operate like a switch between two or more separated LANs with the following advantages:
to keep separated the traffic into two LANs towards MAC filtering to get a total traffic greater than
the traffic in a single LAN.
By default the routing works on basis Mac Address (Layer 2), but it can be enabled on basis VLAN ID, in
Web Lct - Ethernet switch (Enh) - Common Parameters.
The operation is the following: when a LAN port receives a MAC frame, on the basis of destination address,
it decides which LAN to send it:
if destination address is a known address (towards address learning procedure) and is present into
local address table, the frame is sent only on destination LAN (MAC switching)
otherwise the frame is sent to all ports with the same VLAN ID (flooding).
28
MDI/MDIX cross-over
For each LAN interface, cross-over cable can be set in Web Lct - Baseband - Lan - Cable Crossover as:
Automatic - Lan recognizes automatically the connected cable type (Straight cable or Crossover cable)
With crossover cable it is necessary to use the same wiring format (MDI/MDI or MDI-x/MDI-x) on both
ends. In case of straight cable is the opposite.
VLAN functionality
ALFOPlus works with IEEE 802.1q and 802.1p tag. Tag is made up with:
1 fixed bit
Switch cross-connections are based on Vlan Configuration Table where input and output ports or only output ports should be defined for any used VID. Vlan ID (VID) has a range from 1 to 4095.
6.2.6
Synchronisation
Into ALFOPlus a synchronisation circuit, called SincE and defined by the standard G.8264, gets the synchronisation signal from the following different sources:
LAN1
LAN2
radio
Internal source
As shown in Fig.9 the clocks extracted from the sources are sent to a selection circuit that chooses one of
the signals depending on the control sent by a selection logic.
This latter acts on the base of alarm roots (Synch Loss, Synch Drift, Holdover Freerunning), on the base
of assigned priority, manual forcing and preferential switch.
The selected clock drives an oscillator through a PLL circuit. The oscillator will generate the required synchronisation for the frame generation. If no input signals are available the internal oscillator source is used
for the local restart.
29
Synchronisation
Source
Clock Selector
TE LAN-1
Alarms
Sync Loss
Sync Drift
Status
TE LAN-2
T0 Reference
Clk
T2 Radio
Selection Logical
Internal Clock
PLL
Circuit
Force Switch
Priority Control
Preferential Switch
6.2.7
ACM profiles
In ALFOPlus radio family uses Adaptive Code and Modulation (ACM) in order to employ the correct modulation profile depending on the Rx signal quality.
Available ACM profiles are the following:
4QAM strong
4QAM
16QAM strong
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
512QAM
1024QAM (optional).
30
7 MHz
14 MHz
28 MHz
56 MHz
ACM switching
The usage of the previous modulation profiles in a fixed channel bandwidth results in a variable capacity.
The criteria defining the necessity of an ACM switching, upshift or downshift, is the Rx S/N ratio.
Upshift - When there is an increase of received S/N, within the same Channel Spacing, the modulation complexity is increased in the direction from 4QAM strong to 1024QAM increasing the spectral
efficiency
Downshift - When there is a decrease of received S/N, within the same Channel Spacing, the modulation is reduced in the direction from 1024QAM to 4QAM strong reducing the spectral efficiency,
In order to configure properly the radio link using ACM facility, an optimization must be found between
max traffic during good propagation conditions and max availability during bad propagation conditions. To
obtain this purpose the ACM in ALFOPlus family can be configured via software setting the following parameters: ACM setting and Tx Power mode.
ACM setting
The ACM can vary modulation profiles between two extremes defined by the operator through software
configuration: Upper Modulation and Lower Modulation.
Upper modulation - When propagation into the given radio channel is in the better condition (high
Rx S/N), the radio link is working at the maximum throughput defined at Upper Modulation: the
highest modulation profile that ACM can employ
Lower modulation - When propagation into the given radio channel is in the worst condition (low
Rx S/N), the radio link is working at the minimum throughput, defined at Lower Modulation: the
lowest modulation profile that ACM can employ
Tx Power Ramp
Tx Power Ramp function permits to set Tx power according to the available modulation profiles.
The Tx Power Ramp is set depending on the modulation license of the user and depending on the Lower
Modulation that has been set.
6.2.8
The Automatic Transmission Power Control (ATPC) regulates the RF output power of the local transmitter
depending on the value of the RF level at the remote terminal. This value has to be preset from the local
terminal as threshold high and low. The difference between the two thresholds must be equal or higher
than 3 dB.
As soon as the received level crosses the preset threshold level low due to the increase of the hop attenuation, a microprocessor (P), embedded in the ALFOplus, at the receiver side of the remote terminal
sends back to the local terminal a control to increase the transmitted power.
A good set of the thresholds is to put the ATPC Low Level threshold higher (or even slightly higher) than
the threshold of the highest modulation scheme of the ACM; this way, the ATPC start to work before than
the received signal is reduced and by consequence will force the system to downgrade the modulation. The
behaviour of the system is to always try to increase the PTX and so the System Gain, before than being
forced to reduce capacity a modulation.
31
Resuming, the correct setting of the thresholds is when the two windows, the ATPC one and the ACM one,
are not overlapped, as per Fig.10.
Local
Remote PRx
dBm
Remote
Rx
Tx
PRx recording
level
PTx actuation
P
P
PTx control
Thresh High
Transmission
Rx
Tx
of PTx control
Thresh Low
Threshold
highest ACM
profile
ACM
range
Hop attenuation (dB)
Local PTx
dBm
PTx max.
ATPC range
PTx min.
6.3
LOOPS
To control the equipment correct operation a set of local and remote loops are made available. The commands are forwarded by the WEBLCT program. The available loop facilities are:
Baseband loop
ALFO Plus
BBP-GE
RADIO
BASE
BAND
LOOP
RF Loop
32
6.4
ALARM SYSTEM
through LEDs
through SCT/WebLCT
Alarm associated to ALFOPlus can be classified in different groups. Names and composition of these groups
as well as association between alarm classes and relay contact can be defined by the customer.
Alarms are divided into 4 severity levels according to the effects that an alarm might cause to the regular
operation of the unit detecting it. Levels are prioritised as follows:
minor (failure neither urgent nor remote, high residual functionality), not urgent alarm
warning (failure neither urgent nor remote, high indication or wrong configuration), not urgent
alarm
Critical and Major alarms indicate impossibility of executing a service, hence the faulty units needs to be
serviced. Minor level represents the not urgent alarms which do not prejudice service continuity. Warning
level indicates malfunctions that might be locally removed without having to replace the unit.
Alarm classification can be modified via SCT/WebLCT operator. A short description is given for each alarm
in Alarms section with relevant class.
The visual indication is given by a LED, which can be green or red. The information provided are:
Red light:
-
Green light:
-
33
6.5
CHARACTERISTICS
6.5.1
Electrical characteristics
Tab.6 - Tx power
ALFOPlus series
4SQAM
4QAM
27
27
25
25
23
23
23
23
23
22
27
27
25
25
23
23
23
23
23
22
11
26
26
24
24
22
22
22
22
22
21
13
26
26
24
24
22
22
22
22
22
21
15
26
26
24
24
22
22
22
22
22
21
18
21
21
19
19
17
17
17
17
17
16
23
21
21
19
19
17
17
17
17
17
16
26
20
20
18
18
16
16
16
16
16
15
28
19
19
17
17
15
15
15
15
15
14
32
18
18
16
16
14
14
14
14
14
13
38
17
17
15
15
13
13
13
13
13
12
42
15
15
13
13
11
11
11
11
11
10
34
RF output attenuation
ATPC range
20 dB
20 dBm
see Tab.7
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
6 GHz
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-95.5
-93.0
-89.5
-86.0
-84.5
-82.0
-78.5
-76.0
-73.0
-69.5
14 MHz
-94.5
-91.0
-88.0
-84.5
-82.5
-80.0
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
-66.5
28 MHz
-91.5
-88.0
-84.5
-81.5
-80.0
-77.0
-74.0
-70.5
-68.0
-64.0
56 MHz
-88.5
-85.0
-81.5
-78.5
-76.5
-74.0
-71.0
-67.5
-65.0
-60.5
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-93.5
-91.0
-87.5
-84.5
-82.5
-80.0
-76.5
-74.0
-71.0
-67.5
14 MHz
-92.5
-89.0
-86.0
-82.5
-80.5
-78.0
-74.5
-71.5
-68.5
-64.5
28 MHz
-89.5
-86.0
-82.5
-79.5
-78.0
-75.0
-72.0
-68.5
-66.0
-62.0
56 MHz
-86.5
-83.0
-79.5
-76.5
-74.5
-72.0
-69.0
-65.5
-63.0
-58.5
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
7 GHz
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-95.5
-93.0
-89.5
-86.5
-84.5
-82.0
-78.5
-76.0
-73.0
-69.5
14 MHz
-94.5
-91.0
-88.0
-84.5
-82.5
-80.0
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
-66.5
28 MHz
-91.5
-88.0
-84.5
-81.5
-80.0
-77.0
-74.0
-70.5
-68.0
-64.0
56 MHz
-88.5
-85.0
-81.5
-78.5
-76.5
-74.0
-71.0
-67.5
-65.0
-60.5
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-93.5
-91.0
-87.5
-84.5
-82.5
-80.0
-76.5
-74.0
-71.0
-67.5
14 MHz
-92.5
-89.0
-86.0
-82.5
-80.5
-78.0
-74.5
-71.5
-68.5
-64.5
28 MHz
-89.5
-86.0
-82.5
-79.5
-78.0
-75.0
-72.0
-68.5
-66.0
-62.0
56 MHz
-86.5
-83.0
-79.5
-76.5
-74.5
-72.0
-69.0
-65.5
-63.0
-58.5
35
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-95.0
-92.5
-89.0
-86.0
-84.0
-81.5
-78.0
-75.5
-72.5
-69.0
14 MHz
-94.0
-90.5
-87.5
-84.0
-82.0
-79.5
-76.0
-73.0
-70.0
-66.0
28 MHz
-91.0
-87.5
-84.0
-81.0
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.0
-67.5
-63.5
56 MHz
-88.0
-84.5
-81.0
-78.0
-76.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.0
-64.5
-60.0
11 GHz
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-93.0
-90.5
-87.0
-84.0
-82.0
-79.5
-76.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.0
14 MHz
-92.0
-88.5
-85.5
-82.0
-80.0
-77.5
-74.0
-71.0
-68.0
-64.0
28 MHz
-89.0
-85.5
-82.0
-79.0
-77.5
-74.5
-71.5
-68.0
-65.5
-61.5
56 MHz
-86.0
-82.5
-79.0
-76.0
-74.0
-71.5
-68.5
-65.0
-62.5
-58.0
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-95.0
-92.5
-89.0
-86.0
-84.0
-81.5
-78.0
-75.5
-72.5
-69.0
14 MHz
-94.0
-90.5
-87.5
-84.0
-82.0
-79.5
-76.0
-73.0
-70.0
-66.0
28 MHz
-91.0
-87.5
-84.0
-81.0
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.0
-67.5
-63.5
56 MHz
-88.0
-84.5
-81.0
-78.0
-76.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.0
-64.5
-60.0
13 GHz
@BER10
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
-6
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-93.0
-90.5
-87.0
-84.0
-82.0
-79.5
-76.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.0
14 MHz
-92.0
-88.5
-85.5
-82.0
-80.0
-77.5
-74.0
-71.0
-68.0
-64.0
28 MHz
-89.0
-85.5
-82.0
-79.0
-77.5
-74.5
-71.5
-68.0
-65.5
-61.5
56 MHz
-86.0
-82.5
-79.0
-76.0
-74.0
-71.5
-68.5
-65.0
-62.5
-58.0
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-95.0
-92.5
-89.0
-86.0
-84.0
-81.5
-78.0
-75.5
-72.5
-69.0
14 MHz
-94.0
-90.5
-87.5
-84.0
-82.0
-79.5
-76.0
-73.0
-70.0
-66.0
28 MHz
-91.0
-87.5
-84.0
-81.0
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.0
-67.5
-63.5
56 MHz
-88.0
-84.5
-81.0
-78.0
-76.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.0
-64.5
-60.0
15 GHz
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-93.0
-90.5
-87.0
-84.0
-82.0
-79.5
-76.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.0
14 MHz
-92.0
-88.5
-85.5
-82.0
-80.0
-77.5
-74.0
-71.0
-68.0
-64.0
28 MHz
-89.0
-85.5
-82.0
-79.0
-77.5
-74.5
-71.5
-68.0
-65.5
-61.5
56 MHz
-86.0
-82.5
-79.0
-76.0
-74.0
-71.5
-68.5
-65.0
-62.5
-58.0
36
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
18 GHz
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-94.5
-92.0
-88.5
-85.5
-83.5
-81.0
-77.5
-75.0
-72.0
-68.5
14 MHz
-93.5
-90.0
-87.0
-83.5
-81.5
-79.0
-75.5
-72.5
-69.5
-65.5
28 MHz
-90.5
-87.0
-83.5
-80.5
-79.0
-76.0
-73.0
-69.5
-67.5
-63.0
56 MHz
-87.5
-84.0
-80.5
-77.5
-75.5
-73.0
-70.0
-66.5
-64.0
-59.5
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-92.5
-90.0
-86.5
-83.5
-81.5
-79.0
-75.5
-73.0
-70.0
-66.5
14 MHz
-91.5
-88.0
-85.0
-81.5
-79.5
-77.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
-63.5
28 MHz
-88.5
-85.0
-81.5
-78.5
-77.0
-74.0
-71.0
-67.5
-65.0
-61.0
56 MHz
-85.5
-82.0
-78.5
-75.5
-73.5
-71.0
-68.0
-64.5
-62.0
-57.5
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
23 GHz
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-94.5
-92.0
-88.5
-85.5
-83.5
-81.0
-77.5
-75.0
-72.0
-68.5
14 MHz
-93.5
-90.0
-87.0
-83.5
-81.5
-79.0
-75.5
-72.5
-69.5
-65.5
28 MHz
-90.5
-87.0
-83.5
-80.5
-79.0
-76.0
-73.0
-69.5
-67.5
-63.0
56 MHz
-87.5
-84.0
-80.5
-77.5
-75.5
-73.0
-70.0
-66.5
-64.0
-59.5
@BER10
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-92.5
-90.0
-86.5
-83.5
-81.5
-79.0
-75.5
-73.0
-70.0
-66.5
14 MHz
-91.5
-88.0
-85.0
-81.5
-79.5
-77.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
-63.5
28 MHz
-88.5
-85.0
-81.5
-78.5
-77.0
-74.0
-71.0
-67.5
-65.0
-61.0
56 MHz
-85.5
-82.0
-78.5
-75.5
-73.5
-71.0
-68.0
-64.5
-62.0
-57.5
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
26 GHz
-6
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-94.0
-91.5
-88.0
-85.0
-83.0
-80.5
-77.0
-74.5
-71.5
-68.0
14 MHz
-93.0
-89.5
-86.5
-83.0
-81.0
-78.5
-75.0
-72.0
-69.0
-65.0
28 MHz
-90.0
-86.5
-83.0
-80.0
-78.5
-75.5
-72.5
-69.0
-66.5
-62.5
56 MHz
-87.0
-83.5
-80.0
-77.0
-75.0
-72.5
-69.5
-66.0
-63.5
-59.0
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-92.0
-89.5
-86.0
-83.0
-81.0
-78.5
-75.0
-72.5
-69.5
-66.0
14 MHz
-91.0
-87.5
-84.5
-81.0
-79.0
-76.0
-73.0
-70.0
-67.0
-63.0
28 MHz
-88.0
-84.5
-81.0
-78.0
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
-67.0
-64.5
-60.5
56 MHz
-85.0
-81.5
-78.0
-75.0
-73.0
-70.5
-67.5
-64.0
-61.5
-57.0
37
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-93.5
-91.0
-87.5
-84.5
-82.5
-80.5
-76.5
-74.0
-71.0
-67.5
14 MHz
-92.5
-89.0
-86.0
-82.5
-80.5
-78.0
-74.5
-71.5
-68.5
-64.5
28 MHz
-89.5
-86.0
-82.5
-79.5
-78.0
-75.0
-72.0
-68.5
-66.0
-62.0
56 MHz
-86.5
-83.0
-79.5
-76.5
-74.5
-72.0
-69.0
-65.5
-63.0
-58.5
28 GHz
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-91.5
-89.0
-85.5
-82.5
-80.5
-78.0
-74.5
-72.0
-69.0
-65.5
14 MHz
-90.5
-87.0
-84.0
-80.5
-78.5
-76.0
-72.5
-69.5
-66.5
-62.5
28 MHz
-87.5
-84.0
-80.5
-77.5
-76.0
-73.0
-70.0
-66.5
-64.0
-60.0
56 MHz
-84.5
-81.0
-77.5
-74.5
-72.5
-70.0
-67.0
-63.5
-61.0
-56.5
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-92.0
-89.5
-86.0
-83.0
-81.0
-78.5
-75.0
-72.5
-69.5
-66.0
14 MHz
-91.0
-87.5
-84.5
-81.0
-79.0
-76.5
-73.0
-70.0
-67.0
-63.0
28 MHz
-88.0
-84.5
-81.0
-78.0
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
-67.0
-64.5
-60.5
56 MHz
-85.0
-81.5
-78.0
-75.0
-73.0
-70.5
-67.5
-64.0
-61.5
-57.0
32 GHz
@BER10
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
-6
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-90.0
-87.5
-84.0
-81.0
-79.0
-76.5
-73.0
-70.5
-67.5
-64.0
14 MHz
-89.0
-85.5
-82.5
-79.0
-77.0
-74.5
-71.0
-68.0
-65.0
-61.0
28 MHz
-86.0
-82.0
-79.0
-76.0
-74.5
-71.5
-68.5
-65.0
-62.5
-58.5
56 MHz
-83.0
-79.5
-76.0
-73.0
-71.0
-68.5
-65.5
-62.0
-59.5
-55.0
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-92.5
-90.0
-86.4
-83.5
-81.5
-79.0
-75.5
-73.0
-70.0
-66.5
14 MHz
-91.5
-88.0
-85.0
-81.5
-79.5
-77.0
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
-63.5
28 MHz
-88.5
-85.0
-81.5
-78.5
-77.0
-74.0
-71.0
-67.5
-65.0
-61.0
56 MHz
-85.5
-82.0
-78.5
-75.5
-73.5
-71.0
-68.0
-64.5
-62.0
-57.5
38 GHz
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-90.5
-88.0
-84.5
-81.5
-79.5
-77.0
-73.5
-71.0
-68.0
-64.5
14 MHz
-89.5
-86.0
-83.0
-79.5
-77.5
-75.0
-71.5
-68.5
-65.5
-61.5
28 MHz
-86.5
-83.0
-79.5
-76.5
-75.0
-72.0
-69.0
-65.5
-63.0
-59.0
56 MHz
-83.5
-80.0
-76.5
-73.5
-71.5
-69.0
-66.0
-62.5
-60.0
-55.5
38
@BER10-6
Radio Normal
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-91.5
-89.0
-85.5
-82.5
-80.5
-78.0
-74.5
-72.0
-69.0
-65.5
14 MHz
-90.5
-87.0
-84.0
-80.5
-78.5
-76.0
-72.5
-69.5
-66.5
-62.5
28 MHz
-87.5
-84.0
-80.5
-77.5
-76.0
-73.0
-70.0
-66.5
-64.0
-60.0
56 MHz
-84.5
-81.0
-77.5
-74.5
-72.5
-70.0
-67.0
-63.5
-61.0
-56.5
42 GHz
@BER10-6
Radio Guaranteed
RSL threshold (dBm)
Physical Mode
Channel spacing
4SQAM
4QAM
7 MHz
-89.5
-87.0
-83.5
-80.5
-78.5
-76.0
-72.5
-70.0
-67.0
-63.5
14 MHz
-88.5
-85.0
-82.0
-78.5
-76.5
-74.0
-70.5
-67.5
-64.5
-60.5
28 MHz
-85.5
-82.0
-78.5
-75.5
-74.0
-71.0
-68.0
-64.5
-62.0
-58.0
56 MHz
-82.5
-79.0
-75.5
-72.5
-70.5
-68.0
-65.0
-61.5
-59.0
-54.5
Modulation
4QAM up to 1024QAM
250 kHz
see Tab.5
see Tab.8
Ethernet latency
see Tab.9
Tab.8 - ALFOPlus net bit rate
Bandwidth
4SQAM
4QAM
16SQAM
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
512QAM
1KQAM
7 MHz
9.295
10.872
16.225
21.080
24.483
30.293
36.102
41.912
47.763
53.572
14 MHz
16.393
22.025
32.870
42.705
49.599
61.368
71.137
84.906
96.759
108.529
28 MHz
32.956
44.279
66.081
85.854
99.713
123.373
147.034
170.694
194.524
218.185
56 MHz
65.912
88.558
132.161
171.708
199.425
246.746
294.068
341.389
389.048
436.369
Link ID
Loop facility
Spurious emissions/rejection
according to ETSI
39
4QAM
1.100
1.083
1.069
1.064
1.060
1.056
1.054
1.052
1.051
1.049
14
0.649
0.641
0.634
0.632
0.629
0.627
0.626
0.626
0.625
0.624
28
0.329
0.325
0.321
0.320
0.319
0.318
0.318
0.317
0.317
0.316
56
0.170
0.168
0.166
0.166
0.165
0.164
0.164
0.164
0.164
0.163
4QAM
1.148
1.120
1.095
1.088
1.078
1.071
1.068
1.065
1.063
1.060
14
0.674
0.660
0.648
0.644
0.639
0.636
0.634
0.633
0.632
0.630
28
0.342
0.335
0.329
0.327
0.324
0.323
0.322
0.322
0.321
0.321
56
0.177
0.174
0.171
0.169
0.169
0.168
0.167
0.167
0.167
0.167
4QAM
1.247
1.194
1.146
1.132
1.114
1.101
1.095
1.089
1.087
1.081
14
0.723
0.697
0.674
0.666
0.658
0.652
0.649
0.646
0.645
0.641
28
0.367
0.354
0.342
0.339
0.335
0.332
0.331
0.330
0.329
0.327
56
0.191
0.185
0.179
0.177
0.175
0.173
0.172
0.172
0.172
0.171
4QAM
1.438
1.338
1.247
1.218
1.185
1.163
1.151
1.139
1.133
1.124
14
0.820
0.770
0.725
0.712
0.695
0.684
0.678
0.672
0.669
0.664
28
0.418
0.393
0.371
0.364
0.356
0.350
0.347
0.345
0.343
0.341
56
0.218
0.206
0.195
0.191
0.187
0.185
0.183
0.181
0.181
0.179
4QAM
1.824
1.628
1.450
1.395
1.329
1.284
1.261
1.238
1.228
1.208
14
1.014
0.917
0.830
0.803
0.770
0.748
0.737
0.725
0.721
0.711
28
0.519
0.470
0.426
0.414
0.397
0.386
0.380
0.375
0.372
0.368
56
0.272
0.248
0.227
0.220
0.212
0.206
0.203
0.200
0.200
0.197
40
Channel size
(MHz)
4SQAM
4QAM
2.193
1.905
1.644
1.562
1.466
1.400
1.367
1.333
0.001
1.289
14
1.200
1.058
0.929
0.890
0.842
0.809
0.792
0.776
0.768
0.754
28
0.615
0.544
0.480
0.460
0.436
0.420
0.412
0.404
0.399
0.393
56
0.324
0.289
0.257
0.247
0.235
0.227
0.223
0.219
0.219
0.214
Channel size
(MHz)
4SQAM
4QAM
8.570
6.698
5.001
4.471
3.844
3.417
3.196
2.975
2.874
2.692
14
4.418
3.493
2.655
2.394
2.048
1.873
1.764
1.655
1.606
1.516
28
2.284
1.824
1.407
1.277
1.123
1.018
0.964
0.910
0.885
0.840
56
1.227
0.997
0.789
0.724
0.646
0.594
0.567
0.540
0.528
0.505
6.5.2
Ethernet interface
-
Ethernet connectors
Ethernet latency
Packet Compression
SNMP V3
41
LAN port (Bandwidth profile per UNI): a different profile is defined for each LAN port (VLAN ID and
priority are not considered in this case by the rate limiting algorithm)
VLAN (Bandwidth Profile per EVC): a different profile is defined for different VLANs (priority is not
considered in this case by the rate limiting algorithm). Up to 64 VLAN can be managed with different
profiles
VLAN+priority (Bandwidth Profile per CoS): a different profile is defined for different couples
VLAN+priorities (up to 64 different cases can be managed). In this case the packet priority is always
considered by the rate limiting algorithm. More than one priority can be included in the same bandwidth profile.
In general different criteria can be defined for each port/VLAN/priority. Up to 64 Ingress Filtering Policy
resources can be defined and each bandwidth profile defined on the basis either of LAN port, VLAN or
VLAN+priority consumes 1 of such resources.
In order to define the bandwidth profile, the following parameters must be configured:
CIR (Committed Information Rate:) it is admitted ingress rate (green coloured), with values between 0kbit/s and 1 Gbit/s
CBS (Committed Burst Rate): it is the maximum size of the token bucket of the green packets, with
values between 0 byte and 256 kbyte.
EIR (Excess Information Rate): it is maximum ingress rate eventually admitted (yellow coloured),
with values between 0 kbit/s and 1 Gbit/s
EBS (Excess Burst Rate): it is maximum size of the token bucket of the yellow packets, with values
between 0 byte and 256 kbytes
CF (Coupling Flag): if enabled, the excess token eventually charged into the green bucket are
moved into the yellow packet bucket.
Red packets, i.e. the ones exceeding the CIR+EIR rate, are automatically discarded.
The combination of CIR and EIR rates is typically referred to as PIR, or Peak Information Rate, which
represents the total burstable bandwidth sold to the customer.
According to MEF 10.2 (Metro Ethernet Forum) specifications, the bandwidth profile service attribute (Input Filter Policing), which includes some or all of the above categories, can be defined per UNI, per EVC or
per CoS identifier (CoS ID; EVC.CoS). For any given frame, however, only one such model can apply. The
service provider meets the bandwidth guarantees by reserving appropriate network resources and employing a two-rate/three-colour (trTCM) rate-limitation methodology as part of its traffic engineering policy to
ensure compliance by user traffic.
Green = Trasmitted:
Red = Dropped:
CIR (green)
CBS (green)
EIR (yellow)
EBS (yellow)
dropped (red)
dropped (red)
For any port it is possible to add a Input Filter Policy table with this selections:
42
Disable
Disable: you can select only Uni Port Based with CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok.
Fallback: two selections 1) EVC C_Vid Based: applied to a CVLAN C_Vid with CIR, EIR, CBS and
EBS; Cf disable is ok. 2) COS C_Vid + Priority Based: applied to a CVLAN C_Vid with priority range,
CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok.
Secure: two selections 1) EVC S_Vid/C_Vid Based: applied to a SVLAN S_Vid and a CVLAN C_Vid
with CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok. 2) COS S_Vid/C_Vid + Priority Based: applied to a
SVLAN S_Vid and CVLAN C_Vid with priority range, CIR, EIR, CBS and EBS; Cf disable is ok.
Into ALFOPlus there is a total of 64 instances of Input Filter Policing for all the four ports into any radio port.
Any CVID can be used into only one port.
Into same port same CVID can be reused but with different priority.
Ethernet: the priority is set based on the PCP (Priority Code Point) field of the VLAN tag
(IEEE802.1p) (Native 802.1p C_Vid)
MPLS: the priority is set based on the EXP (Experimental Bit) field of the PLS tag (Native MPLS)
IP: the priority is set based on the DSCP field of the either IPv4 or IPv6 (Native ToS/DSCP)
Default: the priority is set in a static mode and its value is configurable based on the VLAN ID. The
Default mode is also used when all the other criteria are not applicable (Port Default).
It is in addition possible to map the EXP quality of the MPLS label into the PCP field of the outer VLAN tag
(802.1p Rewrite with MPLS). Once the priority is assigned, the packet is sent to one of the 8 output queues.
The size of each one of the 8 queues is configurable with one value between the following four options:
128kbit, 256kbit, 512kbit and 1024kbit.
On the basis of the filling status of the queue, different drop-policy can be applied. In ALFOPlus there are
four available policies:
Tail drop: if the packet is arriving into a full queue, it will be discarded
Queue drop: if a new packet is arriving into a full queue, the whole queue is emptied (with the exception of the head packet)
RED: when a new packet is arriving into the queue it has a discarding-probability that is function of
the filling status of the queue. the relation between the probability and the queue status is defined
by means of a SW configurable curve. If the queue is full, the new packet is discarded with probability 1 (like in the Tail drop case).
WRED: it is similar to RED, with the difference that for each queue two drops curves are defined.
the packet in ingress is coloured according to MEF 10.2, i.e.e according to the CIR and EIR ingress
filtering policy defined. As a consequence, WRED can be chosen only if CIR/EIR Ingress filtering policy is enabled for the ingress port. Once coloured, red packets are always discarded, while green
and Yellow packets are managed according to different curves.
the traffic in the queues is then emptied by means of either Strict priority or Weighted Fair Queue algorithm. With the Strict Priority the highest priority takes always precedence. With WFQ the available bandwidth is shared between the different priorities with configurable weights. It is in addition possible to
configure at the same time some queues as Strict Priority and the remaining as WFQ.
Random Early Drop function is shown in Fig.12.
43
RED (Random Early Drop): no packet are dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches
Smin(G, Green), packets are dropped randomly until a percentage of Pmax and an Occupation %
of Smax(G) limits are reached, all packets are dropped over an Occupation % higher than Smax(G);
RED Gentle (Enable): no packets are dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(G,
Green); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(G) and lower than Smax(G), packets
are dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(G)/0 and
Smax(G)/Pmax(G); with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smax(G) the percentage of randomly dropped packets is defined by the straight line between Smax(G)/Pmax(G) and Sgentle(G)/
100%;
WRED (Weighted Random Early Drop): Weighted RED is a two line RED; one line for Green packets,
one line for Yellow packets; Green and Yellow are defined by CIR and EIR into Input Filtering Policy
(Lan1,2,3,4);
no green packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(G, Green);
no yellow packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin (Y, Yellow);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(G) and lower than Smax(G) green packets are
dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(G)/0 and Smax(G)/
Pmax(G);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(Y) and lower than Smax(Y) yellow packets are
dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(Y)/0 and Smax(Y)/
Pmax(Y);
all green packets are dropped over an Occupation % higher than Smax(G);
all packets are dropped over an Occupation % higher than Smax(Y);
WRED Gentle (Enable): Weighted RED is a two line RED; one line for Green packets, one line for
Yellow packets; Green and Yellow are defined by CIR and EIR into Input Filtering Policy
(Lan1,2,3,4);
for Green packets no packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(G);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(G) and lower than Smax(G) green packets are
dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(G)/0 and Smax(G)/
Pmax(G);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smax(G), the percentage of dropped green packets
is defined by the straight line between Smax(G)/Pmax(G) and Sgentle(G)/100%;
for Yellow packets no packet is dropped until Average Queue Occupation % reaches Smin(Y);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smin(Y) and lower than Smax(Y) green packets are
dropped randomly with a percentage defined by the straight line between Smin(Y)/0 and Smax(Y)/
Pmax(Y);
with Average Queue Occupation % higher than Smax(Y), the percentage of dropped green packets
is defined by the straight line between Smax(Y)/Pmax(Y) and Sgentle(Y)/100%;
WRED and WRED Gentle are very efficient to get the most from the radio link available traffic avoiding the
stop and go behaviour (SAW trend) typical of congested TCP/IP traffic.
Warning: RED and WRED impact only TCP/IP traffic, not UDP traffic.
44
VLAN rewriting
VLAN rewriting
VLAN rewriting is a feature available on radio side that allows to rewrite the VID of C-TAG of the packet
received (uplink side) or sent (downlink side) by the switch.
On uplink side (packets received by the switch) the VID can be rewritten on the basis of the following criteria:
-
LAN port + C-VID: new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basis
of its original C-VID and the LAN port where it has been received.
LAN port + C-VID + priority: new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured
on the basis of its original C-VID + priority and the LAN port where it has been received.
On uplink side it is possible to configure for all the LAN ports up to 64 LAN port + C-VID or LAN port + CVID + priority criteria.
On downlink side (packets sent by the switch) the VID can be rewritten on the basis of the C-VID of the
received packet. I.e., new values of C-VID to be written into the packet can be configured on the basis of
its original C-VID. It is possible to configure up to 64 C-VID criteria in downlink, independently by the uplink
configuration.
C-VID and priority of the packet when received on the ingress port
The new TAG is added to the packet as a S-TAG. The Ethertype field of the TAG can be set either to standard values (0x88A8, 0x9100, 0x9200, 0x9300) or to any other custom values.
45
Packet Compression
ALFOPlus provides header packet compression. This feature allows to compress the packet header by
transmitting over the radio link proprietary labels in place of long and repetitive header field.
ALFOPlus Single layer Packet Compression supports the following protocols: Ethernet, MPLS, IPv4/IPv6,
UDP and RTP and LTE S1 interface tunnelling. This latter cover the case of LTE eNodeB backhauling on S1
interface, where the eUE traffic (either IPv4 or IPv6) is enveloped into a GTP-U tunnel. the Header compressed in this case includes (IPv4+UDP+GTP-U of the S1 interface)+(IPv4/IPv6+UDP+RTP of the eUE
traffic inserted into the tunnel).
When enabled, the user can select which header have to be compressed considering the following maximum limits:
the total header field size after internal coding cannot exceed 118 bytes. the internal coding is required by ALFOPlus in order to perform the compression task.
In Fig.13 are detailed the different header fields that can be selected with their weight in terms of header
field size and header field size after internal coding.
46
Header field
Header
size after
field size
internal coding
(Bytes)
(Bytes)
Ethernet
+14
+12.5
+4
+2
+(4*n)
+(2*n)
+22
+18
+(4*n)
+(4*n)
+4
+3.5
+20
+19.5
IPv4 or IPv6
+40
+39.5
+8
+8
+12
+12
+100
+99
C-TAG (802.1Q)
Q-in-Q (802.1ad)
(default=1)
MAC-in-MAC (802.1ah)
MPLS
Max number of MPLS labels (from 1 to 3), PW included
(default=1)
IP+
UDP
RTP
Failover detection when a link fails, allowing for a trunk reconfiguration in order to avoid systematic
packet loss (after the reconfiguration the packets will be lost only if the throughput exceed the trunk
capacity)
it introduces an agreement between the two LACP peers before the staring of data transmission over
the trunk. This prevent anomalous behaviour in case of cabling or configuration mistakes.
47
LACP works by sending frames (LACPDUs) over the links belonging to the trunk. Also the equipment deployed on the other end of the trunk will send LACP frames over the same links: this enables the two units
to establish the trunk. LACP can be configured two modes: active or passive. In active mode it will always
send frames along the configured links. However, in passive mode it acts as speak when spoken to and
therefore it can be used as a way of controlling accidental loops (as long as the other device is in active
mode). SIAE ALFOPlus implements an active LACP.
A Line Trunk can aggregate up to 2 LAN interfaces with the following restrictions:
all the LAN interfaces must be defined with the same speed (either 10, 100 or 1000 Mbit/s)
When a Trunk is defined on SIAE ALFOPlus, the end-to-end traffic is transmitted over all the aggregated
lines. As a result, the overall capacity of the trunk can be theoretically equal to the number of aggregated
lines multiplied by the capacity of a single line. In the example of Fig.14, two full duplex - 100Mbit/s connection are grouped into the same trunk, carrying all the capacity in transit from a radio link to another.
In this configuration, the theoretical maximum capacity that can transit on this trunk is 200 Mbit/s.
LAN1
100 Mbit/s
LAN1
ALFOPlus
ALFOPlus
LAN2
100 Mbit/s
LAN2
Line
trunking
48
The IEEE 802.1ag provides CFM (Connectivity Fault Management) useful for detecting, isolating and reporting connectivity faults. The ITU-T Y.1731 Standard comprehends the CFM plus some additional features, like RDI (Remote Defect Indicator) that allows to report back to the start of the chain the Alarm
message.
SIAE ALFOPlus supports CFM according to both standards ITU-T Y.1731 and 802.1ag.
The IEEE 802.1ag and the ITU-T Y.1731 are End-to-End service, i.e. provides the tools to monitor the Ethernet Service regardless of the layers, Network Path and operators. Since the spectrum of application can
include many applications a more hierarchical structure is needed.
The Standards define:
Maintenance Domains (MD): these specify the Domains of operators, users and service providers.
Levels from 0 to 7 are possible depending on the type of service to be monitored. Customer Domain
is the higher which includes both ends of the Ethernet service (from one End user to the other End
user), Standard Default values for Customer Domain are 7, 6 and 5. Service Provider Domains
should have a MD lower than the Customer Domain since include the whole network except the End
Users. Standard default values for Provider Domains are 3 and 4. Operator Domains are lower than
Service Provider Domains since just a part of the network is included. Standard Default values for
operator domains are 0, 1 and 2. Here follows a picture explaining the hierarchical structure of Maintenance Domains.
ALFOPlus: each interface can be configured as MEP, Port A interface (radio interface) included. Once
chosen the interface, depending on the network topology, the direction of the MEP has to be specified. Two Directions are possible, MEP and MEP . With MEP configured the OAM PDUs
are sent from the interface in the direction outside the equipment, i.e. the OAM PDUs are sent from
the interface on the cable toward next equipment. With MEP configured the OAM PDUs are sent
from the interface toward the inside of the equipment and will follow the VLAN table previously configured. MEPs are distinguished from each other through a MEP ID, therefore MEPs belonging to
same MA must have different MEP Ids.
In order to configure a MIP the MA has to be habilitated on the equipment. Up to 32 MIPs or MEPs
can be configured on each equipment.
The protocols belonging to the Connectivity Fault Management implemented in SIAE equipment are following listed:
Continuity Check Protocol: this protocol enables the sending of a periodic message (like a Heartbeat
message) which enables the other MEPs deployed in the network to distinguish the status of a virtual connection. This massage can only be originated by a MEP.
ALFOPlus: is adjustable with 1s, 10s, 1min, 10min. These messages do not trigger any automatic
reply from the destination entity.
LoopBack Protocol: it resembles an IP PING message; once this message is sent (e.g. MEP1 sends
a Loopback Message to MEP2). MEP2 replies to MEP1 confirming therefore the status of the connection. This is done to check the status of the connection between the MEP originating the message
and the MEP/MIP to which the message is addressed. This message can only be originated from one
MEP and can be addressed to both MEPs or MIPs.
ALFOPlus: the number of Loopback Messages in ALFOPlus equipment is adjustable from 1 to 5 consecutive Loopbacks. In each equipment, it is possible fro each MEP to check the presence of other
MEPs in the same MA. This is done through the Remote MEP application which allows this acknowledgement and distinguishes the other MEP through means of MEP IDs and MAC address.
Link Trace Protocol: this protocol sends a message similar to the LoopBack protocol. Every equipment that is reached by this message will answer to the sender providing its own MAC Address. In
this way the sender is able to understand of which equipment the MA is composed. E.g. a MEP sends
the Link Trace Message to another MEP belonging to the same maintenance association. The MIPs
that are eventually deployed in the middle of the path will forward this message and answer to the
initiating MEP with their own MAC Address. By doing so the initiating MEP knows the OAM-devices
deployed in the path and their order.
Remote Defect Indicator: this feature allows a MEP, in presence of a fault or a defect, to send a RDI
to inform the other MEPs, belonging to the same MA, of the presence of this Defect. The advantages
of this procedure are to avoid multiple Alarms created by the same cause and to be able to check
the status of other Remote MEPs. This RDI information is reported in the Continuity Check Message.
ALFOPlus: this feature is present in ALFOPlus equipment and the presence of this alarm can be
checked as well in the Remote MEPs screen on the equipment.
49
ALFOPlus: in SIAE ALFOPlus equipment one MaintenanceDomain can be specified. At each end of
the Maintenance Domain two MEPs (Maintenance End Point) will be specified. The MEPs are markers that defies the end of a domain and are in charge of originating OAM frames. In a domain also
MIPs (Maintenance Intermediate Points) can be specified. The MIPs are passive check-points. The
MEPs and MIPs configurations are discussed in details in the following points. The choice of the domain and the Domain Label (name) is left to the user. Particular attention must be paid to use the
same MD label in each equipment where the MD is specified, i.e. different equipment with same
value of MD domain but different MD labels belongs to different Domains.
CE
PE
PE
Access
Network
Operator 1
Core Network
CE
Access
Network
Operator 2
Core Network
High Level
Customer
Service
Provider
MEP
MEP
MEP
MEP
MEP
MIP
MIP
MEP
Operator 1
Low Level
MEP
MIP
MIP
MEP
Operator 2
50
A Maintenance Association (MA) is one association which correlates the VLAN to the MD in which
the MEPs and MIPs have to be defined.
ALFOPlus: when a specified traffic needs to be mentioned, then it is necessary to relay the VLAN to
a Domain and to the corresponding MEPs or MIPs through the MA. Before creating the Maintenance
Association, the VLAN, either S-VLAN or C-VLAN, has to be specified in the VLAN Table. In each
SIAE equipment it is possible to set up to 32 different MA. Particular attention must be paid to use
the same MA label in each equipment where the MA is specified, i.e. different MA labels on the same
VLAN correspond to different MA associations.
At the Edge of a MD there are MEPs (Maintenance End Points) and in the middle there could be MIPs
(Maintenance Intermediate Points). MEPs are the units in charge of managing the CFM to correctly
monitor the status of the Ethernet service provided. MIPs are passive check-points that answer to
pollings coming from MEPs. MEPs will forward OAM messages coming from higher domains and will
discard OAM messages generated from lower domains.
Two MEPs at the end of the chains and a variable number of MIPs in the middle has to be defined with
Continuity Check Message (CCM) enabled.
In case of defect or Ethernet problem, the Continuity Check Message will result in an Inactive status triggering one Alarm. By logging on one MEP it is sufficient to configure the Loopback message, and Link Trace
Message correctly detects the location of the Bottleneck or defect related to this traffic. If more than one
VLAN is present then more than one MAC has to be defined.
6.5.3
ALFOPlus unit is compatible with standard POE + IEEE 802.at (with exceeding maximum power). Power
supply can be provided at the main port (GE) or at an auxiliary separated connector.
Power supply must be at least 33V. As critical application example, 2 pairs of CAT-5e cable (AWG 24 - 8.4
Ohm) allow the power supply on a 100m length with at least 40.8V (48V - 15%) only if the consumption
is not higher than 33 W.
-
Operating voltage
48Vdc 15%
38 W
In any case, for other different needs, a dedicated auxiliary port (5 pin connector) provides power supply
48Volt (see Fig.24). For installation, please use rugged and waterproof cable.
6.5.4
-
ALFOPlus
6.5.5
-
Size
256 x 256 x 114 mm (wxhxd) (see Fig.6)
Weights
ALFOPlus
6.5.6
Environmental conditions
33 to +55 C
Weather-proof ODU
IP65
51
Fig.16 - ALFOPlus GE
52
MII
SWD
RAM
SSD
Microcontroller
Surge protection,
magnetics,
Poe splitter
Surge protection
& magnetics
Aux DC/DC
Main DC/DC,
Ge Main
Ge Aux port
GMII
GMII
ADC
ADC
2xSync
RAM
FPGA
Vga
Vga
PWM
ADC
QSPI
CONN
Filter
Filter
ADC
PW
DA
DA
DEM
LO
Filter
Filter
Down converter,
Agc
MOD
LO
Fig.17 - ALFOPlus GO
53
MII
PHY
GMII
GMII
RAM
SSD
Microcontroller
SWD
Main DC/DC,
Aux DC/DC
Pwr Supply
Ge Aux Port
GMII
ADC
ADC
FPGA
RAM
Vga
Vga
PWM
ADC
QSPI
Filter
Filter
ADC
PWM
DAC
DAC
CONN.
DEM
LO
Filter
Filter
Down converter,
Agc
MOD
LO
54
Section 3.
INSTALLATION
7.1
ALFOPlus equipment is a full-outdoor IP Ethernet radio link system operating in the frequency ranges 15,
18, 23 or 38 GHz, for transport capacity up to 500 Mbit/s, designed to establish LAN-LAN connections. For
the details related to the actual used frequency band refer to the label on the equipment.
The system is provided with an integral antenna; however, in case its antenna is not used, it should be
connected to an antenna conforming to the requirements of ETSI EN 302 217-4-2 for the relevant frequency band.
55
The ALFOPlus radio system is made up of an outdoor unit, protected by a metallic shield. The mechanical
structure complies with IEC48 and DIN41494 standards.
Compliance to electromagnetic compatibility is guaranteed through the following precautionary measures:
use of filters on the power supply input circuits against noise propagating on the power supply
wires
The installation phases of the whole system are described in the following paraghaphs.
7.2
7.3
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
ODU grounding.
7.3.1
56
7.4
7.4.1
M10 bolts
7.4.1.1
Install the antenna using the antenna installation guide (specific for each antenna) inside the antenna box
provided by antenna producer. Keep attention to the polarization of the antenna feeder depending on requested polarization.
After the antenna is installed onto the pole, the ODU must be installed, see Fig.19.
Position the three holes circular flange (1) on the antenna flange and align the three holes on the
circular flange with the three relevant holes on the antenna flange
Insert and tighten the three 3mm M4 Allen screws (2) using a 3mm Allen wrench (torque = 2 Nm)
Screw partially the four M10 bolts (3) on the antenna back plate: each bolt should be tightened to
have the square head out of the hole of about 13-14mm (the thickness of hook (4), use 15mm spanner)
Apply silicone grease (e.g. RHODOSIL PATE 4) to the O-ring, protecting fingers with gloves, and
insert in the proper track on the ODU flange
Position the ODU (5) vertically near the four bolts on the antenna flange and align the ODU to match
the polarization of the antenna feeder:
-
vertical polarization: the handle (6) of the ODU is at the bottom left corner
horizontal polarization: the handle (6) of the ODU is at the bottom right corner
After the right position has been found, rotate 30 counter clockwise the ODU and approach the
ODU to the antenna flange in order to have the four slots of the Standard Lock cross between the
four bolts
Rotate 30 clockwise the ODU to hook each slots on the relevant bolt
When each slot is firmly hooked on the relevant bolt, tighten each bolt (use 15mm spanner,
torque=46mm)
Optional: sun cover kit - Insert the sun cover and tie one of its bottom holes to the ODU handle by
means of the black plastic strip included in the sun cover kit
The ODU is ready to be connected to the IDU-ODU cable and to the grounding cable.
57
7.4.1.2
Install the antenna using the antenna installation guide (specific for each antenna) inside the antenna box
by antenna producer.
Keep attention to the polarization of the antenna feeder depending on requested polarization.
After the antenna is installed onto the pole, follow the procedure below, see Fig.20.
Mounting the hybrid (3) on the back of the antenna:
Position the three holes circular flange (1) on the antenna flange and align the holes on the circular
flange with the relevant holes on the antenna flange
Insert and tighten the three 3mm M4 Allen screws (2) using a 3mm Allen wrench (torque = 2mm)
Prepare the polarization disk (see Fig.21) with the two O-rings: silicone grease e.g RHODOSIL PATE
4 must be applied to the O-ring, protecting fingers with gloves; each O-ring must be inserted in
the proper track on each surface of the disk
Mount always (with vertical and with horizontal polarization) the polarization disk on the hybrid
flange (antenna side) as shown in Fig.21 and tighten the four screws (only three screws in 13 GHz
and 15 GHz hybrid). The polarization disk must br oriented depending on requested polarization by
antenna feeder (position V or H as shown in Fig.21. Torque values as in Tab.10.
7.5
7.5.1
60-114 mm
Supporting plate, fixing bracket with M10 130mm bolts (with washer, spring and nut)
58
Supporting plate, fixing bracket with M10 130mm bolts (with washer, spring and nut)
7.5.1.1
See Fig.22.
Position the supporting plate (1) on the pole and fix the rear bracket (2) to it by means of the four
130 mm M10 bolt (3) with relevant washers, springs and nuts (use 15mm spanner, torque =
46Nm).
Fix the antenna side flange (4) with the proper screws (in Fig.22 the antenna flange is shown in two
different positions depending on the polarization), the screw holes side is the side where the
waveguide must be installed.
On the supporting plate, on the opposite side respect to the antenna flange just mounted, insert in
holes (5) on the supporting plate the four 25mm M10 bolts (3): screw them partially, each bolt
should be tightened to have the square head out of the hole of about 13-14 mm (the thickness of
hook (4), use 15mm spanner).
Apply silicon grease (e.g. RHODOSIL PATE 4) to the O-ring, protecting fingers with gloves, and
insert it in the proper track on the ODU flange.
Position the ODU vertically near the four bolts on the supporting plate and align the ODU to match
the polarization of the antenna flange:
-
vertical polarization: the handle of the ODU is at the bottom left corner
horizontal polarization: the handle of the ODU is at the bottom right corner
After the right position has been found, rotate 30 counter clockwise the ODU and approach the
ODU to the supporting plate in order to have the four slots of the Standard Lock cross between the
four bolts
Rotate 30 clockwise the ODU to hook each slots on the relevant bolt
When each slot is firmly hooked on the relevant bolt, tighten each bolt (use 15 mm spanner, torque
=46 Nm).
Tab.10 - Torques for tightening screws
Frequencies
Screw
Tool
Torque
from 18 to 38 GHz
Allen screw M3
1 Nm
up to 15 GHz
Allen screw M4
Allen key 3 mm
1 Nm
Mount the hybrid on the back of the antenna by means of four M10 bolts (4) (torque = 46 Nm)
Screw partially four M10 bolts (4) on the hybrid flange (ODU side): each bolt should be tightened
to have the square head out of the hole of about 13-14 mm, use 15 mm spanner
Apply silicon grease (e.g. RHODOSIL PATE 4) to the O-ring, protecting fingers with gloves, and
insert in the proper track on the ODU flange
Position the ODU (5) vertically near the four bolts on the antenna flange and align the ODU to match
the polarization of the antenna feeder: horizontal polarization must be used, the handle (6) of the
ODU is at the bottom right corner
After the right position has been found, rotate 30 counter clockwise the ODU and approach the
ODU to the antenna flange in order to have the four slots (7) of the Standard Lock cross between
the four bolts on the hybrid
Rotate 30 clockwise the ODU to hook each slots on the relevant bolt
When each slot is firmly hooked on the relevant bolt, tighten each bolt (use 15 mm spanner, torque
= 46Nm)
Optional: sun cover kit - Insert the sun cover and tie one of its bottom holes to the ODU handle by
means of the black plastic strip included in the sun cover kit
Optional: sun cover kit. Insert the sun cover and tie one of its bottom holes to the ODU handle by
means of the black plastic strip included in the sun cover kit
Now the ODU is ready to be connected to the IDU-ODU cable and to the grounding cable.
59
7.5.1.2
See Fig.23.
Position the supporting plate (1) on the pole and fix the rear bracket (2) to it by means of the four
130 mm M10 bolt (3) with relevant washers, springs and nuts (use 15 mm spanner, torque = 46
Nm)
Mount the hybrid (4) on the back of the antenna by means of four 25 mm M10 bolts (5) (use 15
mm spanner with torque = 46 Nm) in the holes (6) (see Fig.19).
Screw partially four 25 mm M10 bolts positioning them in the holes (7) on the hybrid flange (ODU
side): each bolt should be tightened to have the square head out of the hole of about 13-14 mm,
use 15 mm spanner
Apply silicon grease e.g. RHODOSIL PATE 4 to the O-ring, protecting fingers with gloves, and insert
in the proper track on the ODU flange
Position the ODU vertically near the four bolts on the antenna flange and align the ODU to match
the polarization of the antenna feeder: horizontal polarization must be used, the handle of the ODU
is at the bottom right corner
After the right position has been found, rotate 30 counter clockwise the ODU and approach it to
the antenna flange in order to have the four slots of the Standard Lock cross between the four bolts
on the hybrid
Rotate 30 clockwise the ODU to hook each slots on the relevant bolt
When each slot is firmly hooked on the relevant bolt, tighten each bolt (use 15 mm spanner, torque
= 46 Nm)
Optional: sun cover kit - insert the sun cover and tie one of its bottom holes to the ODU handle by
means of the black plastic strip included in the sun cover kit
7.5.1.3
After having installed the ODU in 1+0 configuration or in 1+1 configuration, the waveguide towards the
antenna must be installed.
60
1+0: the waveguide must be fixed to the antenna flange on the supporting plate of the ODU. In
case of flexible waveguides, an excessive folding can damage the waveguide, see Tab.11 for details.
1+1: the waveguide must be fixed to the hybrid. In case of flexible waveguides, an excessive folding
can damage the waveguide, see Tab.11 for details.
7.6
GROUNDING
The ODU must be connected to ground with the available grounding bolt and eyelet terminal, making reference to details of Fig.18.
Tab.11 - Waveguide bending radius according to frequency
a.
Frequency
Bending radius
without rebending
mm (inch)
E-plane a
Bending radius
without rebending
mm (inch)
H-plane b
Bending radius
with rebending
mm (inch)
E-plane a.
Bending radius
with rebending
mm (inch)
H-plane b.
15 GHz
130 (5,1)
280 (11,0)
150 (5,9)
300 (11,9)
18 GHz
130 (5,1)
280 (11,0)
150 (5,9)
300 (11,9)
23 GHz
110 (4,3)
230 (9,1)
130 (5,1)
250 (9,9)
38 GHz
80 (3,1)
140 (5,5)
90 (3,6)
150 (5,9)
Bending E-plane
Rmin/E
Bending E-plane
(short side of the section)
b.
Bending H-plane
Rmin/H
Bending H-plane
(long side of the section)
61
62
63
64
114-60
3
1
4
5
4
Fig.22 - 1+0 antenna flange
65
7
4
3
66
7.7
USER CONNECTORS
ALFOPlus provides two Amphenol connectors which guarantee Ethernet port compatibility for both version:
Gigabit electrical and optical.
The section area of the cable must be > than 35 mm2.
Accessories available at the moment of printing:
The auxiliary 5 pin circular connector has various functions and it is used when:
the power over Ethernet injection through the data Lan cable is not available and it is necessary a
direct access to the radio
during the alignment of antenna (remember to enable Received Signal Strength Indicator in Equipment Menu - General Preset RSSI)
in case of emergency, if ALFOPlus IP address is unknown, connect it with Serial Console 1, as shown
in Fig.24, using hyperterminal 115200 8, N, 1 and press any button to access at the login.
67
68
2-3
2-2
2-1
2-4
2-5
FROM
COURSE
WHITE/BROWN
WHITE/GREEN
WHITE/BLUE
BLUE
ORANGE
WHITE/ORANGE
GREEN
BROWN
4 BLACK
3-A2
1-5
8 RED
1-2
1-3
3-A1
3-A3
COLOURS
TO
F03594
THERMOFIT
PIPE
THERMOFIT
PIPE
THERMOFIT
PIPE
THERMOFIT
PIPE
BLACK
RED
V+
V-
A1
A2
A3
69
70
Section 4.
LINE-UP
8.1
GENERAL
Operations involving the use of SCT/WebLCT are roughly described here. For further details please refer
to software manual.
8.2
SWITCH ON
antenna presence - check the connection between ODU output flange and antenna.
71
8.3
On the rear panel of ODU unit there is a transparent plastic window to see the status of an internal LED
dedicated to show unit alarms. Further information about ALFOPlus alarms can be found onto the chapter
ALFOPlus alarms and troubleshooting.
Colours status:
Red light
-
Green light
-
Flashing No radio connection with remote ODU. In this case, if remote equipment is on and
properly oriented, it is necessary to check frequency, attenuation and link identifier (see parag.
First configuration.....) and to evaluate the alarm list with SCT/WebLCT software
8.4
CONNECTION PROCEDURE
with SCT or browser (internet explorer) type IP address stored previously (Factory Default is
1.0.0.1)
-
User: system
Password: siaemicr
Assign a static IP address (any) to PC and in Local area connection properties enable the box
Show icon in notification area when connected (see Fig.27)
Start SCT, connect using Local Area Network, press connect button, insert 1.0.0.1 IP address, user:
System, Password: siaemicr, without pressing OK button.
Wait some sec until the LAN symbol shows LAN connected and press OK button in SCT
72
8.5
FIRST CONFIGURATION
To activate a radio link it is necessary to program the ODU in some basic items listed in the following:
Local Tx frequency
Remote Tx frequency
Local Tx power
Remote Tx power
Link identifier, Link Type (Modulation&Capacity): same parameters on local and on remote unit
Connect the PC to serial input of ALFOPlus (Service connector) and start the communication towards the
ODU microcontroller with SCT/WebLCT program.
Tx frequency setting
See Fig.28. Into SCT/WebLCT at position:
Equipment menu
Settings card: in this card you have to select Tx frequency; Rx frequency is shown and is set automatically.
Tx frequency to be set at remote radio is equal to local Rx frequency. Tx frequency can be set on single
unit or, if link is on service, on whole link. Please set the frequency according to your license.
Tx power setting
See Fig.28. Into SCT/WebLCT at position:
Equipment menu
Powers card: in this card you have to set Tx Level Max; in this card ATPC thresholds can be set:
Rx Level Min, Rx Level Max.
73
Equipment menu
In Mod. Cap/Link ID card, you can select Capacity and Modulation and set a Link Identifier.
74
8.6
When radio link is on, antenna alignment can be optimized. Antenna alignment optimization is performed
depending on the Rx signal power at local and remote equipment and evaluating both local and remote S/
N value maximizing them.
There are two possibilities to see the Rx signal power level:
In order to get the Rx signal power level by means of software, connect the PC to serial input of ALFOPlus
(Service connector) and start the communication towards the ODU microcontroller with SCT/WebLCT supervisory program.
Into SCT/WebLCT:
The card (or other cards of equipment menu), displays on right top the Rx signal power level see
Fig.30
75
If youre using a voltmeter the Rx signal power level is available on the Service connector of ODU, the
measurement can be performed with a proper cable.
Following this last procedure, the voltage youre reading with the voltmeter is proportional to Rx power
level, refer to Tab.12.
Tab.12 - Voltage measured in auxiliary port
Received Signal (dBm)
Error (dB)
-20
4.68
-30
3.51
-40
2.34
-50
1.17
-60
-70
-1.17
-80
-2.34
-90
-3.51
-100
-4.68
Formula
RSSI=Offset + (Signal/Output)/Slope
Slope (V/dB)
0.117
Offset (dBm)
-60
Rx signal power level is the most important item to optimize the antenna alignment, but in a situation of
interference Rx level can be good, BER acceptable but BER margin low. This means that when Rx fields will
decrease then BER will increase fast. The situation can be easily shown with SCT/WebLCT software looking
at Signal Quality level.
Into SCT/WebLCT Software select:
Equipment menu
76
Antenna aiming
Antenna aiming devices allow to perform the following adjustments with respect to the starting aiming position:
-
horizontal
15 operating on the nut (3) shown in Fig.33, only after having loosen
the nuts (7), (8), (9), (10) of Fig.34.
vertical
For vertical adjustment some markers, every 10, are available on support. The bigger marker gives 0
starting aiming position. Once the optimum aiming position is obtained, tighten firmly the four nuts (1),
(2), (11) of Fig.34 and (4) of Fig.33 for vertical adjustment and the four nuts (7), (8), (9), (10) of Fig.34
for horizontal adjustment. Tighten with 15 mm wrench and 32 Nm torque.
-
grounding
The grounding can be connected with the available bolt spring washer and
flat washers as shown.
77
8.7
Local ALFOPlus ODU and its remote ODU can be accessed at Service connector or LAN1 ports. Once the
radio link has been configured, connect to the local ODU and specify the network password too. SCT/WebLCT window shows also a field referred to the remote ODU:
double click on this field -> remote ODU is opened in monitor mode
if its necessary to act on remote ODU you have to login on remote ODU (IP address is known because you can read it from monitor windows).
8.8
FIRMWARE
The releases of ALFO firmware, downloadable by the operator, are listed in Fig.32.
Using SCT/WebLCT Software open Main menu, select Software info & Maintenance and in the window
shown in Fig.32 select Equipment Firmware and Download SW Setup.
Downloading time depends on connection used between PC and ALFOPlus.
Further informations can be found on software manual of ALFOPlus equipment.
78
8.9
ADAPTIVE MODULATION
ALFOPlus ODUs implement an error free adaptive modulation algorithm to improve the system gain when
the quality of the received signal become insufficient to guarantee an error free link.
The thresholds for ACM are shown in the Tab.13.
Tab.13 - ACM switching thresholds
7M Physical Mode
Power
(Estim.)
BER 10-6
(Estim.)
Up-shift a
(Estim.)
Margin
(Estim.)
Up-shiftb
(Estim.)
4SQAM
6.4
13.2
13.2
4QAM
8.2
17.7
20.2
5.0
16SQAM
-2.5
12.7
19.6
19.6
7.5
16QAM
-2.5
14.6
22.2
23.5
5.0
32QAM
-3.75
17.2
24.7
24.5
6.3
64QAM
-3.5
19.7
27.8
27.8
4.8
128QAM
-3.5
22.8
31
31.6
5.0
256QAM
-4.125
26
34.1
34.1
5.6
512QAM
-4.125
29.1
37.3
38.2
5.0
1KQAM
-5
32.3
10-6
5
a.
Power
(Estim.)
BER
(Estim.)
Up-shift
(Estim.)
4SQAM
5.64
13
4QAM
8.16
17.8
4.84
16SQAM
-2.5
12.7
19.8
5.1
16QAM
-2.5
14.65
22.3
5.15
32QAM
-3.75
16.8
24.9
5.5
64QAM
-3.5
19.44
28.2
5.46
128QAM
-3.5
22.64
31.1
5.56
256sQAM
-4.125
25.64
33.1
5.46
256QAM
-4.125
27.52
Power
(Estim.)
BER 10-6
(Estim.)
Up-shift a.
(Estim.)
4SQAM
5.62
13
4QAM
8.14
17.8
4.86
16SQAM
-2.5
12.7
19.8
5.1
16QAM
-2.5
14.85
22.1
4.95
32QAM
-3.75
16.82
24.7
5.28
64QAM
-3.5
19.52
28.2
5.18
128QAM
-3.5
22.7
30.9
5.5
256sQAM
-4.125
25.64
32.9
5.26
Margin
(Estim.)
Margin
(Estim.)
5.9
b.
Up-shift
(Estim.)
Margin
(Estim.)
Up-shiftb.
(Estim.)
Margin
(Estim.)
5.58
Margin
(Estim.)
79
256QAM
-4.125
27.29
5.61
Power
(Estim.)
BER 10-6
(Estim.)
Up-shift a.
(Estim.)
4SQAM
5.6
13
4QAM
8.1
17.8
4.9
16SQAM
-2.5
12.5
19.8
5.3
16QAM
-2.5
14.4
22
5.4
32QAM
-3.75
16.89
24.6
5.11
64QAM
-3.5
19.53
27.8
5.07
128QAM
-3.5
22.6
30.8
5.2
256sQAM
-4.125
25.65
32.8
5.15
256QAM
-4.125
27.38
Margin
(Estim.)
Up-shiftb.
(Estim.)
Margin
(Estim.)
5.42
a.
b.
Up-shift thresholds in case of output power depending on current physical mode - Reference mode 4QAM.
4
5
80
15 mm wrench
32 Nm torque
15 mm wrench
32 Nm torque
11
10
9
5
15 mm wrench
32 Nm torque
15 mm wrench
32 Nm torque
81
82
Section 5.
MAINTENANCE
9.1
GENERAL
9.2
ALARMS
Alarms can be pointed out through unit LEDs and/or through SCT/WebLCT software.
9.2.1
Alarm indications
On the back of the ALFOPlus a small plastic window shows the status of an internal LED.
The information provided is:
Red light
-
83
Green light
-
Flashing No radio connection with remote ODU. In this case, if remote equipment is on and
properly oriented, it is necessary to evaluate the Alarm list with SCT/WebLCT software.
9.2.2
ALFOPlus TRU is microprocessor controlled and all the alarms are displayed through SCT/WebLCT program
running on a PC. Alarms are divided in classes to refer to a particular functionality and are characterized
by programmable severity.
Alarms, with class and a short description, are listed into Tab.14.
In the following you can find a class list and the item they describe:
COMMON
ETH LAN
84
WebLCT name
Description
Autonegotiation failed
P.M. G.828
P.M. Rx Power
P.M. Tx Power
Radio Rt If Fail
T0 synch missing
SNTP
Unit
RADIO
SETS
85
a.
ALFO Plus
BBP-GE
RADIO
BASE
BAND
LOOP
RF Loop
86
10
10.1
GENERAL
In the following pages are listed all the procedures to follow for ALFOPlus maintenance.
When corrective maintenance is necessary, a troubleshooting procedure helps the operator to identify the
failure unit to replace it with a spare one.
10.2
MAINTENANCE
corrective maintenance.
Periodical checks serve to detect correct radio performance without the presence of any alarm condition.
Corrective maintenance takes place as soon as one or more alarm conditions are in existence. Operation
sequence to be carried out is shown in Troubleshooting paragraph.
10.2.1
Periodical checks
System routine maintenance consists in a series of routine checks aiming to verify correct operating mode
of an alarmfree system.
These checks are made through SCT/WebLCT program, installed on a PC.
The items to be checked are:
Rx field (value measured must comply with that resulting from hop calculation)
How these operations are carried out is specified in Lineup section or, more widely, in ALFOPlus software
manual.
87
10.2.2
Corrective maintenance starts as soon as one or more alarm indication become active.
Corrective maintenance purpose is to locate the faulty unit and replace it with spare after having verified
that the cause of faulty is not external to the equipment.
Corrective maintenance does not include malfunction due to a wrong or incomplete configuration of the
system or to failure due to alarm indication system itself or any other cause external to the system, i.e.:
cabling damage, main voltage loss, antenna misalignment and propagation problems.
See paragraph 10.3 TROUBLESHOOTING for details.
10.3
TROUBLESHOOTING
10.3.1
Alarms can be pointed out through unit LEDs and/or through SCT/WebLCT software:
Unit LEDs
Near the circular connector of the ODU its shown the status of a LED, which can be green or red. The information provided are:
Red light
-
Green light
-
Flashing No radio connection with remote ODU. In this case, if remote equipment is on and
properly oriented, it is necessary to evaluate the alarm list with SCT/WebLCT software.
SCT/WebLCT
Alarms are divided in classes to refer to a particular hardware or software functionality and are characterized by their programmable gravity.
A window with alarm classes list is available for local ODU (the unit PC is physically connected to) and for
remote ODU.
The presence of a current alarm is pointed out by SCT/WebLCT program, see software manual.
The presence of an historical alarm is pointed out in the event log window of SCT/WebLCT program (see
Fig.36 and Fig.37).
88
10.3.2
Into SCT/WebLCT software, in Equipment menu select View Current Alarm menu.
In this window they are displayed the current alarm and their severity. Depending on which alarm classes
are active, following situation can arise.
One or more alarms inside the ODU hardware class are active
89
90
Section 6.
PROGRAMMING AND
SUPERVISION
11
11.1
GENERAL
ALFOPlus is programmed and supervised using a software tool: SCT/WebLCT. This subject is fully described
in the separated software manual.
11.2
The provided structure for Ethernet traffic defines the management facilities of "ALFOplus" unit.
91
Internal port
Ge Main port
SWD
Switcing Device
Ge Aux port
Mgt
Mac
Microcontroller
Rate adapter
(fpga)
11.2.1
General
In general you suppose that the equipment performs the "host" functionality in an Ethernet network and
that supervisory network follows the traffic routing, eventually separated by "VLAN tag". The management
can be:
"In-band"
"Out-of-band"
The two modalities can be enabled at the same time, but the IP network address must be shared. If the
"In-band" management by "Ge main port" is provided with "VLAN tag", "Ge aux port" may extend the management network (without "VLAN tag") towards other units into the same site.
Supervisory network can be disable selectively line side and radio site.
Local access to the unit must be always guaranteed by "Ge aux port".
11.2.2
Configurations
The following supervision modalities, associated to the input ports, can be provided:
"In-band"
by traffic ports "Ge main port" and "Ge aux port" (with or without "VLAN tag")
"Out-of-band"
92
Tab.15
- Configurations
Function
"Disable
"In-band
Ge aux port" may access only to the local controller. Supervisory network is not connected to radio side
"In-band
"Out-of-band
Ge aux port" can access to local controller and supervisory network is connected to radio side using "VLAN
stacking" function to separate the traffic
"In-band-drop-node
"Ge aux port" can access to local controller and the port
is considered as a node into the supervisory network
"in-band" (with VLAN tag)
The two configurations can be enabled at the same time. The transparent connection between "Ge main
port" and "Ge aux port" at different speed could cause undesired congestion situations for the traffic towards the port with lower speed: this condition must be avoided by means of network dimensions.
The connection between the two ports line side is enabled only when the supervisory network "in-band"
uses a "VLAN tag" dedicated and therefore the traffic is assumed lower than the minimum band of the ports
line side.
Due to management and Ethernet maintenance (OAM), exigencies the controller must know the source
port of received frames and route properly the transmitted frames.
11.2.3
This modality allows the access to "ALFOplus" unit via "Ge main port" and "Ge aux port" in the easiest possible way, with frames without " VLAN tag" and therefore with IP domain shared. This modality can be used
if the user is IP addresses owner and so the equipment is inserted into a traffic network level 3 (IP routing).
For this reason, the Security management is defined by the operator using the function (Access Control
List).
Ge Main port
Ge Aux port
CPU
93
11.2.4
This procedure allow the access of "ALFOplus" unit by "Ge main port" more safely, because the IP domain
is independent of payload traffic through dedicated "VLAN tag" (configurable). This mode can be used when
the user is owner of "VLAN tag" and the equipment is interposed in a level 2 network traffic (switching).
In that case the management routing is obtain to filtering of "VLAN tag".
Ge Main port
Ge Aux port
CPU
11.2.5
This particular way allows to introduce the supervision traffic "VLAN based In-band" (mandatory with
"VLAN tag") using "Ge Aux port" obligatorily without "VLAN tag". The line ports are linked together using
the filtering "VLAN tag" (set as tagged the default port "Ge aux port").
Ge Main port
Ge Aux port
MGT
CPU
Vlan map filtering
94
11.2.6
"Out-of-band" management
This mode allows the access to the local "ALFOplus" unit of frame without "VLAN tag" and the extension of
the supervision network to the remote terminal. The priority of management traffic is obtained with "VLAN
tag".
In remote terminal the payload and management traffic are again divided. This involves increasing the
length of traffic frame of four bytes.
Fe Aux port
Fe Aux port
CPU
CPU
Vlan map filtering
11.2.7
Configurability
The management mode of equipment affects the Ethernet Channel and on the Switch configuration (RSTP,
OAM, ). Therefore it is important to decide the optimal configuration of traffic Ethernet and management,
to avoid blocking traffic conditions.
11.2.8
Address
The unit uses a single IP address associated at the management port of controller and a single "default
gateway". Depending on the configuration of these addresses are visible from supervision "in-band" and
"Out-of-band".
In special cases is necessary a local connection mode via "Ge aux port" that allows the connection or the
acquisition of the address unit (eg MAC address or set the IP address or DHCP client).
11.2.9
The RESTORE OF CPU ACCESS command is available through Console port (round type connector) via
Hyperterminal (115200bps,n,8,1):
Login
Type string:
lao
LAN1
disable
LAN2
95
96
Section 7.
COMPOSITION
12
COMPOSITION
12.1
GENERALS
This document shows ALFOPlus system available versions with the relevant main specifications and characteristics.
12.2
Different versions are identified by a label. This label contains the main characteristics of the equipment
(see Tab.16).
12.3
Code
ODU frequency
Go-return
RF Subband (L and H)
97
98
Code
Description
Go-return (MHz)
RF/Subband
GB 8700
ODU ALFOPlus 18
1010
18 GHz 1L
GB 8701
ODU ALFOPlus 18
1010
18 GHz 1H
GB 8702
ODU ALFOPlus 18
1010
18 GHz 2L
GB 8703
ODU ALFOPlus 18
1010
18 GHz 2H
GB 8704
ODU ALFOPlus 18
1010
18 GHz 3L
GB 8705
ODU ALFOPlus 18
1010
18 GHz 3H
GB 8716
ODU ALFOPlus 18
1560
18 GHz 1L
GB 8717
ODU ALFOPlus 18
1560
18 GHz 1H
GB 8718
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1008
23 GHz 1L
GB 8719
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1008
23 GHz 1H
GB 8720
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1008
23 GHz 2L
GB 8721
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1008
23 GHz 2H
GB 8726
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1200/1232
23 GHz 1L
GB 8727
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1200/1232
23 GHz 1H
GB 8728
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1200/1232
23 GHz 2L
GB 8729
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1200/1232
23 GHz 2H
GB 8730
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1200/1232
23 GHz 3L
GB 8731
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1200/1232
23 GHz 3H
GB 8782
ODU ALFOPlus 38
1260
38 GHz 1L
GB 8783
ODU ALFOPlus 38
1260
38 GHz 1H
GB 8784
ODU ALFOPlus 38
1260
38 GHz 2L
GB 8785
ODU ALFOPlus 38
1260
38 GHz 2H
GB 9646
ODU ALFOPlus 15
420
15 GHz 1L
GB 9647
ODU ALFOPlus 15
420
15 GHz 1H
GB 9700
ODU ALFOPlus 18
1010
18 GHz 1L
GB 9701
ODU ALFOPlus 18
1010
18 GHz 1H
GB 9702
ODU ALFOPlus 18
1010
18 GHz 2L
GB 9703
ODU ALFOPlus 18
1010
18 GHz 2H
GB 9704
ODU ALFOPlus 18
1010
18 GHz 3L
GB 9705
ODU ALFOPlus 18
1010
18 GHz 3H
GB 9716
ODU ALFOPlus 18
1560
18 GHz 1L
GB 9717
ODU ALFOPlus 18
1560
18 GHz 1H
GB 9718
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1008
23 GHz 1L
GB 9719
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1008
23 GHz 1H
GB 9720
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1008
23 GHz 2L
GB 9721
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1008
23 GHz 2H
GB 9726
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1200/1232
23 GHz 1L
GB 9727
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1200/1232
23 GHz 1H
GB 9728
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1200/1232
23 GHz 2L
GB 9729
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1200/1232
23 GHz 2H
GB 9730
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1200/1232
23 GHz 3L
GB 9731
ODU ALFOPlus 23
1200/1232
23 GHz 3H
GB 9782
ODU ALFOPlus 38
1260
38 GHz 1L
GB 9783
ODU ALFOPlus 38
1260
38 GHz 1H
GB 9784
ODU ALFOPlus 38
1260
38 GHz 2L
GB 9785
ODU ALFOPlus 38
1260
38 GHz 2H
12.4
The ALFOPlus system installation kit is concerning pole mounting of ODU according with the operating frequency, dimensions and presence of the centring ring.
-
V32308
1+0 version
60 to 129 mm pole mounting kit:
pole support system plus antenna (already assembled) and pole fixing brackets
N.1 13 mm spanner
N.2 17 mm spanner.
99
100
Section 8.
LISTS AND SERVICES
13
LIST OF FIGURES
101
102
103
104
14
LIST OF TABLES
105
106
15
ASSISTANCE SERVICE
For more information, refer to the section relevant to the technical support on the Internet site of the company manufacturing the product.
107
108