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Sewage Treatment Plant Process STP

Posted on by Antara Chakrabarti
19 March,2016

Sewage treatment plant process includes sewage treatment on primary, Secondary or biological
and tertiary treatment process to improve quality of wastewater for recycle.
With increasing infrastructural development and water usage for various purposes such as domestic
and commercial, there is generation of waste water.

What is sewage?
Sewage comprises waste water generated from households, hotels and may include industrial
waste water.

Sewer
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What type of waste does sewage contain?

Sewage usually contains a high quantity of organic wastes and may also consist of inorganic
wastes. It is essential to treat sewage before its entry into any water body. Why so? Sewage, if
allowed to enter water sources without treatment, it will contaminate them; which is why it is
essential to treat sewage properly before letting it into rivers or streams for example.

Types of Sewage treatment plant

There are sevaral types of sewage treatment plants are available based on their wastewater
treatment method. below mentioned types of sewage treatment plant are very common.
Activated sludge plant (ASP)
Rotating disc system (RDS)
Submerged aerated lter (SAF)
Suspended Media Filters (SMF)
Sequencing batch reactor (SBR)
Non-electric lter
Trickling lter
Lets see what are the basic steps involved in treatment of sewage water.

Sewage Treatment Plant process

Sewage can be treated by designing a sewage treatment plant (STP) which involves three stages:
primary/preliminary, secondary and tertiary.

Primary treatment
Please refer to below Sewage treatment plant ow chart:

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Sewage treatment plant process

In a sewage treatment plant, sewage water is rst allowed to pass through screens or grit chamber
where large solids are removed. This step is followed by aeration/mixing in a tank and then primary
sedimentation where suspended solids settle down. Primary treatment involves addition of a
coagulant and aims at removing grits, coarse solids, oil and grease if any present. Preliminary
treatment results in sedimentation of solids (sludge) and formation of an e luent that oats above
sludge. E luent from primary treatment consists of 45-50 % unstable organic matter. The e luent
then undergoes secondary treatment where ne solids settle out by means of bacterial activities.

Secondary or biological treatment

This stage converts organic matter in sewage into stable forms through biological activities,
resulting in secondary sedimentation. Common approaches are trickling lters and activated sludge
method.
Trickling lters comprise an enclosed tank with a bed of bricks and a layer of microorganisms. The
e luent enters the tank through an inlet and trickles over the bed layer by sprinklers. Microbial
activities oxidize the organic matter in the e luent, resulting in the removal of ne solids, formation
of sludge and an e luent with less organic solids.
Activated sludge method involves the addition of a mixture of active microorganisms to sewage,
followed by aeration and agitation. The aerobic conditions and microbial actions oxidize the organic
solids resulting in coagulation, occulation and settling of solids. Activated sludge produces a clear
liquid without foul odor.
Reference for this topic.
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Tertiary treatment
The e luent then undergoes tertiary treatment/disinfection by incorporation of UV radiation or
chlorination. Other methods such as sand lters and reverse osmosis may also be used instead for
this stage of treatment, depending upon the nature of the sewage and the e luent from secondary
treatment.

Sewage Treatment Plant

What happens to the sludge produced from primary and secondary

sedimentation?
Sludge is digested in a tank which results in the release of combustible gases: methane (CH4) and
carbon dioxide (CO2); that can be used as fuel. The digested sludge can either be disposed by
incineration or used as a fertilizer.
Read more about E luent treatment plant process

Importance of Sewage treatment plant?

Though 70% of earth is surrounded by water only 2.5% of it is fresh water. Out of which 70% fresh
water is in frozen state on Antarctica and Greenland. Only nearly 1% of fresh water is accessible for

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usage. In day to day life we use water majorly for washing, bathing, toilet etc. if we can recycle
water for other than drinking purpose fresh water demand can be lowered.
Hence it is very important to treat sewage outlet of every building and reuse treated water for
washing, toilet and oor cleaning.
Learn what types of safety measures needs to take in operating and maintaining ETP.
Save water, Save Earth.

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This entry was posted in Blog, Environment, Water and tagged sewage treatment plant, sewage
treatment plant design, sewage treatment plant ow chart, types of sewage treatment plant, waste
water treatment. Bookmark the permalink.

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Antara Chakrabarti
Antara is a passionate Environmentalist and a Freelance writer, with two
Master's degree in Environmental Science discipline and a Bachelor's in
Microbiology.She had received training in Hydrological modeling and worked in
research groups in India, Germany and Republic of Ireland. A quick learner,
organised, with attention to minute details and a knack in communicating
scienti c and academic information through writing.

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