The Monuments

of Historic Cairo

American Research Center in Egypt

Conservation Series

The Monuments

of Historic Cairo

A MAP AND DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE

Nicholas Warner

An American Research Center in Egypt Edition

The American University in Cairo Press

Cairo

New York

Illustrationcredits:
Aga Khan Trust for Culture: fig. 37; Archivio di State di Torino: pl. 2; author's
drawing: figs. 1, 14, 15, 39, 40 (part), 41 (part), 42 (part), 43 (part), 44 (part), 45

(part), 46, 47 (part], 48; author's photo: fig. 38; author's collection: figs. 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 26, 30, pls. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, [all photos Boulos Isaac]; Bernard Quaritch
Ltd., London: fig. 17 [photo John Stone]; Bibliothique Nationale: pls. 1, 3; Comit6
and SCA archives: figs. 32, 33, 34 (part), 35, 41 (part), 42 (part), 43 (part), 44 (part),
45 (part), 47 (part); Deutsches Archiologisches Institut, Abteilung Kairo: fig. 24
[photo Abdel Nasser el-Tayyib/Peter Windzhus]; Folger Shakespeare Libraiy,
Washington D.C.: fig. 16; The Nour Foundation: pl. 4; private collection, France: 45
(part); private collection, Washington D.C.: fig. 25; Rare Books and Special
Collections Library, the American University in Cairo: figs. 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 18, 19, 20,
21, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29, 31, 34 (part), 42 (part), pls. 6, 13, 15, [photos Francis
Dzikowski], pl. 12 [photo Mustafa Abd al-Hamid], 43 (part), 44 (part), 45 (pard;
Sarah Searight: p1 . 14; Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Kupferstichkabinett: fig. 3
[photo Jbrg P. Anders]; Walters Art Museum, Baltimore: pl. 5

First published in 2005 by

The American University in Cairo Press
113 Sharia Kasr el Aini, Cairo Egypt
420 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10018
www.aucpres.com
Copyright a 2005 by American Research Center in Egypt, Inc.
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MailStop 1256/001/1AC
Emory University Briarcliff Campus, Atlanta, GA 30322
Introduction copyright

) 2005 by Nicholas Warner

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored In a retrieval system,
or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,
or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher,
This publication was made possible through support provided by the Office of Environment and
Infrastructure/Environment and Engineering (EIIEE), USAID/Egypt, United States Agency for
International Development, under the terms of Grant No. 263-G-00-93-00089-00 The opinions
expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the U.S.
Agency for International Development,
Dar cl Kutub No. 16152/03
ISBN 977 424 841 4
Designed by Andrea El-Akshar/AUC Press Design Center
Printed in Egypt

Contents

Foreword Jere L. Bacharach and Robert K. Vincent, Jr.

Acknowledgments
Preface

vii

ix

xii

Introduction:

Cartography, Architecture, and Urbanism

in Cairo, AD 1500-2000

Note on Sources, Cartography, and

Architectural Drawings
Descriptive Catalogue

82

.87

Glossary

192

Abbreviations

194

References

195

Index of Buildings by Number

202

Index of Buildings by Name

220

Index of Buildings by Date

243

Maps

251

Foreword

In

1996, in response to a call for a competition for sub-grants by the American

Research Center in Egypt, Nicholas Warner submitted a proposal to draw a

group of maps documenting Cairo's registered monuments within their urban
context. ARCE's Egyptian Antiquities Project, funded by the United States
Agency for International Development, was less than three years old at the time,
and the proposals thus far approved and underway had tended to concentrate on
'bricks-and-mortar' conservation.
The Cairo Mapping Project, as it was called, was different. The materials were
limited to pen and paper; the staff comprised a single talented cartographer-archi
tect working out of his home with field help from an assistant, and the inspectors
of the Supreme Council of Antiquities, who literally opened doors for him. This
project satisfied the broader mission of the Egyptian Antiquities Project grant: to
document Egypt's material culture in order to make its preservation possible.
Historic Cairo had not been comprehensively mapped since 1950, and the con
text of the more than four hundred registered monuments that lie within its area
had changed significantly over the course of nearly half a century. Intervening
events, moreover, lent a particular urgency to the project, including a 5.9-magni
tude earthquake in October 1992 that had damaged many of Cairo's monuments, a
significant rise in the level of atmospheric pollution, the elevation of the city's
groundwater levels, and the simple fact that history tends to be unobserved,
ignored, forgotten, and lost when it lies in the context of a living city. By docu
menting the architecture of Historic Cairo, the Cairo Mapping Project sought to pre
serve that history-in a manner different from the physical preservation undertak
en by other EAP projects, but no less valuable. How many of the buildings
described by medieval historians of the city such as Maqrizi are now dust while
their words live on?
The completed Monuments of Historic Cairo has proved more ambitious than
any of us, including its author, originally envisioned: its introduction traces the his

vii

tory of how Cairo has been imagined and represented over the course of five hun
dred years; the maps themselves document not only the registered monuments that
lie within the district as well as their context; they also show nearly 150 unrgis
tered, historically important buildings. The accompanying catalogue describes these
monuments and, for the first time, brings together more than a century of scholar
ly research into this architectural heritage; it traces the conservation of many of
these buildings by the Comite de Conservation des Monuments de tArt Arabe, as
well as by institutions that have sustained the Comite's mission of architectural
preservation.
The twentieth-century English poet W.H. Auden wrote that "poetry makes noth
ing happen: it survives in the valley of its saying." Like poetry, The Monuments of
Historic Cairo is in a sense nothing more than a record, documenting a moment of
a city. It is certain, moreover, that the passage of another fifty years will require
another map, another bibliography to trace the writings of a new generation of
architectural historians, another survey of the monuments that have fallen, been
rehabilitated, or simply survived. But for those who have studied the city, worked
here, passed through it, or simply imagined Cairo from afar, there is a subtle poet
ry inherent in these maps: the dashed and dotted lines that record monuments
which survive only as memories, the shaded polygons that frame inaccessible and
unknown interiors, the bracketed numbers that ominously signal a monument's
uncertain future or actual demise, the prefixes ("U" for "unregistered") that draw
attention to hitherto ignored or overlooked structures. Most evocative, perhaps
because of what they conceal, are the large swathes of hatching that describe a liv
ing city dating back more a thousand years, in which hundreds of thousands of
Cairenes, like millions before them, live and work, shop, pray, venerate their saints,
celebrate births and weddings, raise families, and mourn their dead.
We hope that the publication of The Monuments of Historic Cairo will encour
age others to study the city and to see value in preserving its heritage. The poetry
of these maps lies in making Cairo's memory survive, and it is their "saying" that
constitutes Nicholas Warner's achievement.
Jere L. Bacharach and Robert K. Vincent, .lr.
The American Research Center in Egypt, Cairo

viii

FOREWORfD

Acknowledgments

Asa

result of an iniitiative by the United States Congress, generous fund

ing for the preservation of Egypt's cultural heritage was made available
to the American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE) through the United
States Agency for International Development (USAID) in 1993. Under
this grant from USAID, a broad program of work was initiated encompassing the
breadth of Egypt's history, including the prehistoric and pharaonic periods, as
well as Greco-Roman, Coptic, Islamic, and Jewish contributions. The results of the
program have been far-ranging and have yielded far greater successes than antic
ipated. Unprecedented in size and scale for an overseas conservation program, its
full implications arc only now being realized. This volume marks the beginning
a series of publications that represent the culmination of the program of work.
We hope that through them others may share in the academic and technical
results of these projects.
ARCE gratefully acknowledges this funding as a significant contribution by the
United States of America to Egypt's rich cultural history as embodied in its monu
ments. None of this work would have been accomplished without the extraordinary
interest and support given to ARCE by literally hundreds of people. To all of them we
owe our thanks and gratitude. While space does not permit mention of everyone to
whom thanks is owed, we wish to thank the principals involved for their assistance.
The Supreme Council of Antiquities, led by the Minister of Culture, His
Excellency Farouk Hosni, is our collaborator in conservation and over the years of
ARCE's conservation projects its many members have been crucial to their concep
tualization, conduct, and completions. They include successive Secretary Generals
of the SCA Abdel Halim Nur El-Din, Ali Hassan, Gaballa Ali Gaballa, and Zahi
Hawass. Also assisting were successive Directors of the Islamic and Coptic Sector
Fahmy Abdel Halim, Abdullah EI Attar, and Abdullah Kamel Musa and the Director
of Foreign Missions Department Magdi El Ghanlour

ix

Without the foresight and persistence of former American Ambassador to

Egypt Frank G.Wisner, who marshaled support for conservation, and Senate staff
member Jim Bond, who was the architect of a plan that stimulated an interested
US Congress to generously provide the funds for the "preservation and restora
tion of Egyptian antiquities," none of these projects or volumes would have come
to pass. Later American Ambassadors to Egypt Robert Pelletreau, Edward Walker,
Daniel Kurtzer, and David Welch continued the tradition of strong personal inter
est and support.
USAID, the agency responsible for administering the grant to ARCE, has not been
a faceless bureaucracy. Instead, through partnership, teamwork, and ready assistance
they have been instrumental to the implementation of these projects. In this capac
ity we thank successive Mission Directors Henry Bassford, John Westly, Richard
Brown, Bill Pearson, and Kenneth Ellis; successive USAID Deputy Directors Toni
Christiansen-Wagner,' Anne Arness, and Mary Ott; successive USAID Asspciate
Directors Fred Guymont, Alvin Newman, Mark Silverman, and Anthony Vance;
USAID Program Officers Thomas Dailey, Jean Durrette, and Thomas Rishoi; USAID
Contract Officers Leo Pizzario, James Dunlop, Gary Kinney, Carleton Bennett, Philip
Tresch, Pamela Morris, and Sami Farag; USAID Environment Office Directors Rick
Rhoda, Jim Goggins, George Deikun, Alan Davis, Glenn Whaley, and Richard
Edwards. USAID Project Officer Seifalla Hassanein deserves special recognition as
the sole person contributing to the project for its entirety.
Projects do not operate by themselves. They are staffed by people who, in this
case, have been driven by a sense of mission. They have put in years of hard work
and dedication and thus deserve proper acknowledgment for both their sense of
duty and their zeal for protecting Egypt's heritage. Sincere appreciation is extend
ed to the ARCE staff who participated as team members in the various conserva
tion projects. They are ARCE Oversight Committee members James Allen, Norbert
Baer, Betsy Bryan, Richard Fazzini, Charles Hertzer, Janet Johnson, Jack Josephson,
Richard Martin, David O'Connor, Carol Redmount, Everett Rowson, Anne Russman,
John Shearman, Carl Smith, and Jerry Vincent; successive ARCE Directors Terry
Walz, Mark Easton, Robert Springborg, Irene Bierman, Jere Bacharach, and Gerry
Scott; ARCE USA staff members Elaine Schapker, Catherine Clyne, Suzanne
Thomas, Carolyn Tomaselli, and Candy Tate; ARCE Cairo staff members including
successive Deputy Directors Ibrahim Sadek and Amira Khattab; Finance Manager
Hussein Abdul Raouf and Office Manager Amir Khattab; ARCE EAP Staff Project
Director Robert (Chip) Vincent; successive Technical Directors William Remsen and
Jaroslaw (Jarek) Dobrowolski; Project Manager Michael Jones; successive Grant
Administrators Cynthia L. Shartzer and Janie Abdul Azia; successive Publication
Directors Brian Green, Charles Dibble, and Kelly Zaug; Technical Adjuncts Alaa El

ACKNDWLED6ME NTS

Habashi and Hoda Abdel Hamid; successive Chief Accountants Hussein Abdel
Raouf, Khaled El Saharty, and Ibrahim Ali Ibrahim; successive Assistant Grant
Administrators Barbara Breuning and Dahlia Elwy; Administrative Assistant
Mariam Sami; and successive Executive Secretaries Rania Sultan, Niveen Serry, and
Marwa Shebata.
To all mentioned above and those whose names are omitted due to lack of
space, thank you for all your assistance. This has truly been a ground-breaking,
far-reaching project that has been executed to everyone's credit. Your combined
efforts have contributed to the conservation of Egypt's cultural heritage. You have
made a difference.
The American Research Center in Egypt

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

xi

Preface

Work

began on The Monuments of Historic Cairo in 1996. The adjective

'Historic' is currently used to describe an area of the city that has

hitherto been commonly referred to as 'Islamic' or 'medieval:' The new
designation is employed primarily to avoid confusion with the physi
cally distinct area of 'Old' or 'Coptic' Cairo that lies to the south of the main urban
nucleus, but also to avoid the suggestion that the city's urban development was
somehow arrested at the end of the Mamluk period. The preference of such adjec
tives as 'old' and 'historic' over religiously exclusive terminology also represents a
shift to a more neutral (but equally value-laden) descriptive vocabulary. The area in
question contains the densest concentration of buildings from the Tulunid, Fatimid,
Ayyubid, Mamluk, and Ottoman periods in the entire urban mass of Cairo. The
objective of the map that is presented here is to provide, within its chosen bound
aries, a comprehensive record of the plans of all significant architectural remains in
relation to the current urban fabric, drawn at a metric scale of 1:500 and reproduced
here at 1:1250. This includes not only registered and deregistered monuments
(a total of 409 buildings inclusive of 73 deregistered sites), but also buildings of

I would

like to thank the Egyptian Antiquities Project of the American Research Center in Egypt for their
backing of the project and the Supreme Council of Antiquities for providing access to buildings and
archives in their care. I am also grateful to Dr. Horst Jarttz for allowing me to draw in the peace of the
Swiss Institute for Architectural and Archaeological Research in Cairo, Professor Andri Raymond for
checking data on unidentified akalas, and the staff of the Rare Books and Special Collections Library of
the American University in Cairo for their help. My deep appreciation is extended to Mohamed Abul
Amayem for sharing his unrivaled knowledge of Cairo with me, and Ahmad 'Ah Gab for his patient
assistance in surveying and drawing. Thanks are also due to the many tolerant cairenes who allowed me
to measure their homes and workshops. I am forever in debt to my wife, Sabina Ikram, for her unflagging
support over the many years it took to bring this work to fruition
I SeeMinistry of Culture, Arab Republic of Egypt, Historic Cairo (Cairo: Supreme Council of Antiquities,
2002). See also UNESCO, International Symposium on the Restoraftmn and Conservation of Islamic
Cairo (Paris, UNESCO World Heritage Centre Working Document, 2002), 2 n. 2
(http:lwww unesco.org/whe/ eventn/cairoo2c2.pdfl

xii

historic or architectural significance that are either not registered on the Index of
Monuments, or were registered subsequent to its publication in 1947 (a total of 136
buildings). For example, buildings such as the mosque of al-Shuhada (U6) are not
listed monuments but merit incorporation on the map by virtue of their historic and
architectural importance. Other structures, such as the mosque of al-Rifa'i (U103) or
the Islamic Museum (U46) have been registered only in the last fifty years but have
not been numbered in sequence with the 1947 Index. The numbering system
employed here uses the numbers of the 1947 Index for registered monuments still
standing, numbers in parentheses for deregistered or destroyed monuments, and a
separate U-prefix series of numbers for both unregistered buildings and buildings
registered after 1947. The choice of which of the multitude of unregistered buildings
to represent has been a personal one, and can by no means be considered definitive.
The decision of how best to represent this information was influenced in no
small part by the map of Rome published by Giambattista Nolli in 1748. This plan
replaced the traditional perspectival or iconographic view of the city with a sys
tematic ichnographic representation in which a clearly legible distinction is made
between public and private spaces for the first time. In Nolli's work, the plans of all
public buildings (such as churches) are shown so that they can be understood as
interior spaces in continuity with the streets and squares that figure the city. Private
space, within urban blocks, is shown with dense hatching that provides a strong
visual contrast (a 'ground' for the figuration) and analogue for 'closed' areas. Noll's
plan of Rome was the result of an enormous collaborative survey begun in 1736,
and it includes a series of indexes that refer to the various monuments, workshops,
vineyards, and gardens to be found within the city. The map that is published here
fortunately did not have to start from a tabula rasa, but I have employed a similar
graphic convention to distinguish between monuments, or significant structures,
and the remainder of the urban fabric. The absolute distinction between private and
public space on Nolli's plan has, however, been eroded in two ways. First: the
buildings that are shown include prominent examples of domestic architecture;
second: not all new public buildings (such as modern mosques, generally of little
areifoc tral interest) are shown. This is, nevertheless, the first time that Cairo has
been mapped in such a manner at a scale that permits the viewer not only to relate
individual monuments to their context, but also to appreciate how they relate to
one another in some detail.

2 For the complex process of registering Islamic Monuments in Cairo, see A. El Habashi and N. Warner,
"Recording the Monuments of Cairo: An Introduction and Overview" Annalts Islamologiques32 (1998),
81-99- The collection of data included here on deregistered monuments was assisted by a grant from the
Barakat Trust (UK).

PREFACE

xiii

It was always intended that the map should depict the current state of the urban
fabric. To do this required the assembly of base maps. These were the 1:5CC-scale
Cadastral Survey maps published by the Survey of Egypt in the 1930s, supple
mented by 1:1000-scale city maps from the 1912 and subsequent editions for
peripheral areas and information absent from the Cadastral Survey. As work pro
gressed, however, it became clear that many more changes in this fabric than
expected had occurred since the base maps were drawn. These alterations take the
form of new setbacks in building lines and isolated new urban units of a standard
pattern (mainly schools or residential blocks). The overall street pattern, however,
has remained relatively unaffected. Such changes were documented through a
walking survey and by reference to a 1:5000-scale series of maps of the city pro
duced in the 1970s. This exercise also demonstrated the value of simultaneously
documenting the earlier, now demolished, configuration of the city, which gave
meaning to otherwise unintelligible surviving fragments. The map therefore uses
the convention of a dotted line to represent vanished blocks and streets (as well as
individual plans of 'lost' buildings). The result is a kind of cartographic palimpsest
that can be read on two temporal levels: the city as it was at the turn of the twen
tieth century and as it is at the beginning of the twenty-first century.
The collection of planimetric data for all the buildings included on the map,
either through archival research or physical survey, has posed problems (and pro
vided pleasures) throughout the duration of the work. These data were generally the
ground plan of a structure, but in certain cases where an upper plan level provid
ed more information about the nature and extent of the building, the upper-level
plan was favored (as for example in the mosque of Sulayman Agha [no. 382] where
the principal prayer space is found on the first floor). Where published plans were
available, these were checked for accuracy and completeness and revised where
necessary. Plans from the archives of the Comite de Conservation des Monuments
de 1Art Arabe were similarly checked before inclusion on the map. A total of
approximately sixty sites (including some registered monuments) that lacked archi
tectural documentation were surveyed at their significant plan level, and the results
incorporated into the map. In the case of a few buildings, access for survey pur
poses was denied. The footprints of these structures are simply shown as a densely
hatched area-a convention shared with certain deregistered monuments that no
longer exist but whose former whereabouts can be established with precision.
Once the graphic material for the map had been assembled, the thirty-one individual
map sheets were drawn by hand. My preference for hand-drawings over computer
drawings is personal, and not entirely rational. It was dictated by a desire to create
a permanent and tangible product born of pen and ink, scalpel, and sweat. The
material advantage of digital drawings, manifest in their flexibility of scale, ease of

xiv

PREFACE

modification, and possibility of almost infinite adaptation were, for me, outweighed
by the aesthetic of the hand-drawing, which largely depends for its effect on a cer
tain visual irregularity; this in my mind mirrored the undoubted irregularity of
what I was striving to represent.
The map sheets are accompanied by a detailed text that gives descriptions, plan
sources, and bibliographies, to the extent available, for all the represented build
ings (identified by numbers). The latter includes both general information and
specific references to the Bulletins of the Comit6 de Conservation des Monuments
de lArt Arabe, as well as publications on more recent preservation initiatives, for
those interested in the conservation history of individual structures. Bibliographic
references are generally limited to secondary sources in European languages, how
ever, since the inclusion of references to kzitat literature, waqf documents, and the
corpus of Arabic scholarship fell outside the project's parameters. Since the map
was completed in March 2001, further publications have become available to the
scholar of Islamic architectural history, some of which have been included in the
bibliography. In an undertaking of this scale and complexity, however, there are
bound to be omissions and errors for which I alone am responsible.
The Monuments of HistoricCairo seeks to document those traces of the past that
are evident in the city's inherent structure and its architecture. 'Traces' is perhaps
the best translation of the Arabic word athar, which is most frequently used to
describe these fragments. Such an endeavor also has its own traces, and is part of
a broader representational history. To place this work in its context, therefore, I
have provided in the pages that follow a genealogy of the visual representation of
the city of Cairo and its buildings through views, maps, and architectural render
ings. These are the testament to encounters, spanning some six hundred years,
between the city and a plethora of travelers, artists, cartographers, architects, and
historians. Cities are in a state of continual evolution, however, and'so this geneal
ogy is also accompanied by a commentary on the main causes and effects of urban
change in the modern period, particularly with regard to the built heritage of the
city. Cairo is one of the great historic cities of the world, but it has often been neg
lected, perhaps because of its very size and complexity. I hope that this publication
will make the city more accessible to those seeking to comprehend its past, and will
enhance our present understanding of its morphology and architecture.
Nicholas Warner

PREFACE

Xv

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Introduction

CartographyArchitecture,

and Urbanismin Cairo, AD 1500-2000

Cartography: City Views and Plans

first developed. One aspect of this fascination has been the representation
ities
have been a source of fascination to their inhabitants since urban living
of their outward appearance, whether by verbal or visual means. Cairo has
proved no different in this respect from countless other cities throughout
the world, but has an added distinction in that it has for the past millennium been
regarded as one of the preeminent cities of the Muslim world. Within its dense and
complex matrix, the lives of sultans and slaves, scholars and soldiers, shaykhs and
merchants unfolded over the centuries. Their histories can still be deciphered in the
artifacts that survive them-perhaps most obviously in the buildings they con
structed and the chronicles they composed. Muslim historians such as al-Maqrizi
and lbi Zahir compiled urban topographic descriptions (of a genre known as khitat
after the word for 'pieces' or 'parts') that complemented the accounts of travelers
like Nasiri Khusraw and fbn Battuta. It fell, however, to a different tradition, which
developed in Europe, to qualify such texts with images, providing representations
of the city that are instantly appreciable to the eye.
The first of the European views of Cairo were derived from an aerial and entire
ly imaginary vantage point. Perhaps the earliest coherent representation appears in
the Tabulae Novae of the Florentine artist Pietro del Massalo's three manuscript
versions of Ptolemy's Geographia,lexecuted from ca. 1458 to ca. 1472 (pl. 1). Cairo
is part of a collection of encomiastic views that includes Jerusalem, Damascus,
Constantinople, Adrianople, Alexandria, and Rome, as well as other Italian cities.

I would like to thank the Barakat Trust (UK) for supporting the research undertaken for this introduction
and Jere Bacharach and Irene Bierman for commenting on its drafts,
1 Now in the Bibliothique Nationale (MS Lat 4002), and the Biblioteca Apostolhca Vaticana (Vat. Lat.
Lat. 277). The different versions have vanant details but share the same compositional
5699 and Uthb.
character See N. Miller, Mapping the City The Language and Cultureof Cartographyin the Renaissance
ilaondonjNew York: Contmuum, 2003).

Fig. 1. Schematic plan

of Historic Cairo and its
surroundings (pre-1 BOO).
Author's drawing,

The city is viewed from the north, spread

along the east bank of the Nile. It appears
as a loose agglomeration of churches and

4.
r

tfljpnadmn

castles with campaniles, rotundas, and

pitched roofs around which runs a network
of canals; a portion of the northern walls
and the obelisk of Heliopolis are also
included. Certain sites are identified by
handwritten legends, namely the Balsam
Gardens ofMatarlya to the north of the city,
the Citadel, and the fortress of Babylon. The
overall rendering is very much in the Italian
style, and the entire topography remains
suggestive rather than accurate. This con-

Ogg

forms with the idea of 'chorographic repre

sentation, defined by Ptolemy as a method
of conveying the quality of place rather
than an exactly measured physical reality.
Massaio had never visited Egypt, and his
work was extremely limited in its circula
tion. A much more widely accessible inter
pretation of Cairo's topography, however,
appeared before the century was out In his
book of 1486, the Peregrinationesin Terrain
Sanctam, a German pilgrim to the Holy
Land, Canon Bernhard von Breydenbach,
provided the first mass-produced image of
the city on the periphery of a long wood
block-printed, folding panorama of the

Fig. 2. Erhard Reuwich, Cairo.

Detail from the panorama of
Jerusalem in Bernhard von
Breydenbach's Peregrinationes
in Terram Sanctam. Woodblock
print, 27.5 x 128 cm in all.
From 1911 facsimile of 1486
edition, Rare Books and Special
Collections Library, the
American University in Cairo.

Near East that had Jerusalem as its primary focus (fig. 2) Breydenbach made his journey in 1483 in the company of an artist, Erhard Reuwich, who designed and subsequently printed the panorama. Given the obvious Christian interest in Cairo as a way
station on the Holy Family's flight into Egypt, the Christian pilgrimage sites of
Matarlya-the Pharaoh's Fig Tree, the Balsam Gardens, and the Chapel of the Virgin

2 Bernhard von Breydenbach, Peregintiones in Terrain Sanctan (Malnz: E. Reuwich, 1486). For the
significance of this map, see T. Campbell, The EarliestPrinted Maps, 1472-1500 (London: British
Library, 1987), 93-97. See also H.W. Davies, Bernhard von Breydenbach and His Journey to the THoly
Land, 1483-4 A Bibliography (London: J. E J. Leighton, 1911).

INTRODUCTION

Mary-feature prominently. Also evident is a relatively accurate understanding, gained

through eyewitness experience, of the essential topographical relationships that existed
between the various distinct components of the city as seen, in this case, from the north.
The Citadel, Babylon, the principal urban nucleus of al-Qahira (or Chayru as it is here
named), Bulaq, the Pyramids, and of course the Nile, are all labeled clearly among an
otherwise random collection of domed structures and minarets. Breydenbach's book
was a bestseller, running to twelve editions in Latin, German, Flemish, French, and
Spanish over a period of only eight years.3 More than half a century was to elapse before
the next, far more ambitious and delailed, view of Cairo appeared in print.
In 1549 the Venetian publisher Matteo Pagano, in collaboration with the painter
and cartographer Giovanni Domenico Zorzi, produced a vast (nearly two meter by
one meter) woodblock print in twenty-one sections of the city of Cairo (figs. 3a and
3b).' This image continued the Renaissance tradition of depicting cities in paint and
5
in print as viewed obliquely from the air. The format is horizontal, with the city seen
from the west bank of the Nile. The locations of individual areas and elements of the
city such as Azbakiya, the Bab Zuwayla, Husayniya, the aqueduct, and major roads
are clearly indicated. Also depicted are peripheral sites such as the port of Bulaq, Old
Cairo (which developed around the fortress of Babylon), the town of Giza on the west
bank of the river, and the Pyramids. Natural features such as the Muqattam Hills to

the east of the city and the island of Roda in the Nile are clearly visible. Within the
urban conglomeration, some individual buildings stand out, such as the madrasa of
Sultan Hasan. Major thoroughfares are distinguished, as is both the ancient canal (the
Khalig al-Masri) and its more modern counterpart (the Khalig al-Nasiri) with their
multiple bridges. The disposition of the northern and eastern walls of the city and the
Citadel is indicative but topographically accurate. Pagano and Zorzi's view, however,
extends beyond a solely spatial representation of the city. Historical vignettes show
ing the arrival of the Ottoman army under Selim I at the gates of qairo in 1517 give
the work a specific temporal location as well. More prosaic quotidian scenes are also
included, such as the harvesting of dates. The view is supplemented by text in the
form of 'captions: as with Breydenbach's view, but with a much wider descriptive
intent. These captions were interpreted at length in an accompanying Latin booklets

3 Davies, Bernhard von Brcydenbach, xxxu.

4 Two studios are dedicated to this view: V. Menecke-Berg, "Eine Stadtansicht des inamlukischen Kairo

aus den 16 Jahrhundert" MDAIK 32 (1976): 113-32, and B.Blanc, S. Denoix, J.-C. Garcia, and R.

Gordiam, "A propos de Ia caste du Caire de Matheo Pagano," Annales Islamologiques 17(1981): 203-85.

See also N. Warner, "The True Description of Camro":A Sixteenth-Century View from Venice (Oxford:
Arcadian Library-Oxforl University Press, forthcoming).
5 SeeI. Schulz, "Jacopo de' Barbari s View of Venice: Map Making, City Views, and Moralized Geography
before the Year 1500,' Art Blullein G0(1978): 425-74
6 Foi this text and its attribution, see A Codazzi, "Una 'descrizione' del Cairo di Gugliclmo Postel," in Studi
d, palcogralia, diplomahce, stora c arnldica in onort d, Cesore Manaresi (Milan: Ginffr, 1953), 169-206

CARTOGRAPHY

Scholars have disputed the precise date of Pagano's view, since it appears to con
tain elements of the city as it would have been at the end of the fifteenth century in
the time of Sultan Qaytbay. Following this contention, the vignettes of Scum's con
quest would have been added by Pagano to a preexisting 'original' view that has now
disappeared: a not unreasonable suggestion. It has also been argued that an apparent
topographical error in the placement of the aqueduct relative to the older nucleus of
Babylon-Old Cairo-Fustat (the aqueduct is shown running to the south rather than to
the north of this area) is in fact a correct representation of an aqueduct predating the

Fig. 3a. Matteo Pagano and

Giovanni Domenico Zorzi,

View ofCairo, 1549.

Multi-sheet woodblock

prin[ 98 x 197 cm.

Staathche Museen au Berhn,

Kupfrrstichkabinett, 924-100.

Fig. 3b. Detail Of Pagano and

Zorzi, View of Cairo at actual

size, showing part of the

cential area of the city.

Staatliche Museen an Berlin,

Kupferstichkabinett, 924-100.

one that survives today. In the absence of any sound archaeological or textual evi
dence lbr the existence of the earlier aqueduct in the form shown on the Pagano view,
this hypothesis is less convincing. It is far more likely that the aqueduct shown is that
built by al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qalawun in 1312-13, which was renovated and
extended by Sultan al-Ghuli in 1506-7, and that it is simply located in the wrong posi
tion 7 The possibility also exists that Pagano's view is a copy (with later additions) of
one of the now-vanished views of Cairo that were created for Francesco II Gonzaga's
palace in Gonzaga (1493-97) or the Palazzo di San Sebastiano in Mantua (1506-12).'

7 See K.A.C, Creswel, The Musim Architecture ofEgypt, 2- Ayyubrds and Early BarteMaaluks,
AD1171-1326 (Oxford Oxford University Press, 1959), 255-59.
8 M. Bourne, -Fmneesco 11Gonzaga and Maps as Palace Decoration in Renaissance Mantua,- hnago
Mundi 51 (1999): 51-58.

INTRDDUCTION

This is more plausible, although once again decisive documentary proof is lacking.
What distinguishes the view, regardless of its precise date of origin and authorship,
is the appearance of Cairo as a dense mass of buildings, including numerous
mosques, tombs, and palaces, and the relative accuracy of its represented topography.
Here for the first time was an image of an eastern city, conveying a sense of its scale
and complexity, to rival the historic centers of Europe. Although Pagano and Zorzi's
view of Cairo survives today in only two impressions, its influence was enormous.
Through numerous recensions in different formats (none as large as the original),
it remained in circulation for the subsequent two hundred years as the unchallenged
image of what was still, after the Ottoman conquest, the largest city in the Middle
East and North Africa.
A contrasting alternative depiction of Cairo, from a real rather than an imagi
nary viewpoint, did not appear in print until the eighteenth century. This view, real
ized from the Muqattam Hills that border the city to the east, was first recorded by
an Italian pilgrim named Brocardo in 1556. Brocardo even included himself in the
view, sketching the great city before him. The watercolor he produced is another
large panorama, stretching from Babylon in the south to Matariya in the north (pl.
2)." Although not signaled by annotation, many different urban components are
clearly visible in the view, situated within a landscape that is bisected by the River
Nile and sparsely scattered with palms and other trees. Babylon, the island of Roda,
the southern and eastern cemeteries, the Khalig al-Masri, Khalig al-Nasirl,
Azbakiya, Husayniya, Bulaq, and Matariya are all recognizable. Major thorough
fares crossing and encircling the city are also included, the most comprehensible of
which are the Qasaba, Shari' Saliba, the Darb al-Ahmar, the routes through the
cemeteries, and the road to Bulaq from the Bab al-Bahr. Many individual buildings
in the view, such as the Niometer, the aqueduct (shown here in its correct position)
and pumping station, the madrasa of Sultan Hasan, the mosques of al-Azhar and
Ibn Tulun, and the city gates and walls can also be identified by virtue of their
physiognomy and location. In general, courtyard mosques seem to be represented
as open squares with minarets of the tiered, Mamluk, variety.
The vantage point of the Muqattam Hills used by Brocardo was also employed in
the early eighteenth century by the French Jesuit father Claude Sicard in his view of

9 The most significant of these, dating from the sixteenth century, are: Ferrando Bertellh, Cwuitation aliquot

;nszgniorum et locormnm nnartornrn erane delincatio.Drsegai, alcsnc pif, fflusfr citti efortezze del

nondo, FerrandoBertellifornis (Venice, 1568?); Georg Braun and Frans logenberg, Civitates Oris
Terratum, vol. 1, pl. 55 (Cologne, 1572); Sebastia Munster, Cosinograph/a(Basel, 1574); Matteo Florim,
Cairns, quate olim Babylon; Aegypts marima urbs (Siena?, 1590')
10 The only study thus far is that of L. Micar, "It Cairo nell 'Chorographia' di Pellegrino Brocaidi
(1556)," nl11 mando islamico: Inmagnt e irecthe, Storia della citth 46 (Milan, Electa: 1989]: 7-18.
11 Archivio di Stato di Torino, Cate topografiche efortificazioni, vol. 2 of 5 (J.I.4 folio 10).

INTRODUCTION

the city. Sicard's rendering is cruder than Brocardo's, and less informative (pl. 3).
Babylon, the nucleus of the city of al-Qahira, Bulaq, and Matariya are shown, and a
few individual structures can be distinguished, such as the obelisk at Matariya, the
Citadel, the aqueduct and pumping station, the Nilometer, and the fortress of Babylon.
The rendering of mosques and minarets remains schematic. Although Sicard's
view of Cairo, which survives in two manuscript copies," remained unpublished (as

4. Claude-Louis Founnont,
Paren
Topograpiique
Carte
des p/aim's
pcrspecrire
Pig.

dHeliopolis et d Alnphis,
engraving,
1754. Copper
d ttldimensions
33.3 x 52 ema.
Rar Books and Special
Collections Library, the
American University in Cairo.

did Brocardo's), an imitation of it was printed in 1754 by another French Jesuit who
had spent time in Egypt: Claude-Louis Fourmont. His Carte Topographique vue en
perspective des plaines d'H6liopolis et de Memphis is a copper engraving folded
within his book on Cairo (fig. 4)." Despite its obvious antiquarian bias, this view pro
vides a clear image of a contemporary Cairo that had shrunk in physical extent since
the sixteenth century. A numbered key that accompanies the view lists seventy-two
separate elements of the city, ranging from individual buildings to public spaces.

Sedice
12Plan topographique des environs du Calmrr Ia moontagne des modrns au (Fire,
de la Marine, atlas 64, carne 13; Carte a ogrophe da 'airs, 17)5, BibliotiqCe NationalT,
Cd5132.
des Canp Plans Rti
I i CAI. Fouront. Description.hlsrorique a gographique des pta/anr. diiupalisod dHMemphoo(Part
1Ce4).

CARTOGRAPHY

uistorique

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gparmeinut

ec

ee
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dtcaeils,

All of the views of Cairo described thus far are precisely that: views. They repre
sent the city on a tilted ground plane, without the foreshortening demanded by the
laws of perspective. This was done deliberately in order to afford the viewer a glimpse
of the interior of the city with its principal streets and to bring more distant objects
into focus. Although each view attests to a good general topographic understanding
of the city and its salient architectural features, none can be considered to be a map
in the ichnographic tradition." One last image in this category deserves mention, as it
stems from the Ottoman, rather than European, tradition of representing the city. This
is the group of views of Cairo that are to be found in the various surviving manuscripts
of the Kitab i Bahriye, or 'Book of Maritime Matters' first composed by the Ottoman
admiral Firi Reis in 1521. The Kitab i Bahriye, based in part on Italian and Spanish
portolan charts, was intended primarily to provide mariners with useful information
for the navigation of the Mediterranean. It also contains bird's-eye views of a number
of ports around the Mediterranean and a chart of the Nile extending as far south as
Cairo, which was still at the time an important entrep6t. Cairo was familiar territory to
Piri Reis, since he had sailed up the river with the Ottoman fleet to assist in Selim 's
attack on the capital of Egypt in 1517. Some thirty-eight extant manuscripts of Piri
Reis's work survive, spanning three centuries of production, and they present at least
two different views of Cairo with variant details.5 One version shows a rambling
collection of pitch-roofed buildings without any enclosure (pl. 4); the other-a more
elaborated image devised by book illustrators-shows the city enclosed by walls (pl. 5).
In the first version, Cairo's mosques are in the Ottoman style, with characteristic
Ottoman minarets, while the second portrays them more accurately in tiered, Mamluk
style. Both versions view the city from the north and have details in common with
contemporary European views, such as the aqueduct and its pumping station, the
Khalig al-Masti, the Citadel, Bulaq, and the Muqattam Hills. Some elements, however,
such as the mausoleum of Imam Shafti in the southern cemetery (with its unmis
takable boat-shaped finial), are not to lie found among the Western representations.
Also distinctive is the collection of different Nile boats that decorate the landscape
together with palm trees. Pir Reis's manuscript views of Cairo seem to have remained
in the hands of mariners or connoisseurs of book illumination and therefore were
less influential than the more widely distributed European printed images of the city.

14 Ste JA. Pinto, "Orgins and Development of the ichnographic City Plan," Journal of the Society of
Architectural Historians 35 (19781: 35-50.
15 For the most complete survey of the activities of Pin Res, seeS. Sourk, 'Islamic Charting in the Mediter
ranean," in J.B. Harley and D,Woodward, The Histny of Cartngraphy, 2 vols in 3 (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1987-94), vol. 2. book 2: Cartographyin re Traditional East and Southeast Asian Societis
11994), 265-79. See also S. Soucek, Pir Reis and Turkish Mapmaking after Columbus: The Khalifi
PortolanAtlas. (Lonrdon: Noar Foundation-AzImuth Editions-Oxford University Press, 1996), 149-58.

INTRODUCTION

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Previous page:
Plate 1. Cairus, from the Tabulac Novae of Pietro del Massalo's
manuscript of the Geographia ofPtolemy, ca. 1470. Pigment with
gilding on vellum, 60 x 40 cm. DJ6partement des Manuscrits,
Biblicthique Nationale, Paris, Ms Lat. 4802, fol. 135v.
Left:
Plate 2. Top left: Pellegrino Brocardo, View of Cairo, 1556 (detail),

Watercolor on paper, 63 x 173 cm. Archivio di Stato

di Torino Carte r Fortijkaziont(J.b.I4), fol. 10.

Plate 3.Bottom left: Claude Sicard, Carte Autographe do Caire, 1715.

Pen and pencil with watercolor on paper, 78 x 130 cm.

Bibliothique Nationale, Paris, Dpartenent des Cartes

el Plans, Rts Ge C. 5132.

Plate 4. The Nile at Cairo, with a panoramic

vicw of the ct. From the Khalili Ptartaolo Atlas,
ca. 1670, based on the first and second versions
of the Kitab i Bahrye of Piri Reis. Watercolor
on paper, 33 x 46 cm. Ottoman Turkey, (Ms 718,
fals. 48b-49a). The Nour Foundation, London.

Plate 5 View of Cairo, fron the Kitab i BahriVe by Piri Reis,

mid- to late-seventeenth century. Opaque waterenior on paper,
68.2 x 34.1 cm. the Walters Art Museum, Baltimore, W 658, ful. 30r

In the mid-eighteenth century, oblique views began to be replaced by more

exact cartographic representations. One of the initiators of this process was an
English clergyman, Richard Pococke, who briefly visited Cairo in 1736. Although
Pococke, like his Jesuit counterparts, was interested primarily in the pharaonic
antiquities of Egypt, he subsequently published the first 'plan' of the city and its
environs in his Description of The East, And Some other Countries." Crude and
small though it is, Fococke's is the first map of the city in which most of the vertical

16 R. Pococke, A Description of The East, And Some other Countries, Volume the First: Observations an
Egypt (London: W. Boyer, 1743), pl. 7.

CARTOGRAPHY

Fig. 5.Richard Pococke,

Chomgraph of Grand Cairo,
1743. Copper engraving,
31 x 35 cn. Rare Books and
Special Collections Library,
the American University in
Cairo.

projection of buildings is replaced with a horizontally scaled plan (fig, 5). Pococke
calls it a "Chorograph"-almost certainly a deliberate antiquarian echo of Ptolemy's
distinction between chorography and geography. The settlements of Old Cairo, Giza,
and Bulaq are all included, together with the Citadel and the aqueduct, as well as
features such as the Muqattam Hills and the Khalig al-Masri.
Another traveler with scientific interests was in Egypt at the same time as
Pococke: the Danish naval captain, Frederik Norden. Like Pococke, Norden was
more interested in Egypt's pharaonic past than its Islamic remains, but unlike his
contemporary. Norden never lived to see the publication of his Travels in Egypt and
Naba. This finally appeared in Danish in 1755, and it was swiftly followed by
French and English editions. 'Although Norden failed to document the city of Cairo
with a map, he did, however, produce a plan of the island of Rodall and its environs
while convalescing in Cairo for four months (fig. 6). This presents the gardens of
Roda in great detail, but little else, and suggests that Norden did not stray too far

Fig. 6. Frederik Norden,

Plan de isle de Rodda, avec
ses Environs, 1757. Copper
engraving, 37 x 23.5 can. Rare
Books and Special Collections
Library, the American ilniversity
in Cairo.

from the Nile during his illness. One small detail is of greater interest: a plan of the
mouth of the Khalig al-Masri as it was arranged for the annual 'Cutting of the
Canal' ceremony-the breaching of the dike that was built annually across the canal
that led into the city, allowing the Nile's flood waters to flow along its course and
fill the urban lakes."
More informative than the maps of either Pococke or Norden was that produced
by another Dane: Carsten Niebuhr. Niebuhr was a member, and the only survivor,
of an expedition that left Copenhagen in 1761 under royal patronage with the goal
of carrying out a scientific exploration of Egypt, Arabia, and Syria. His plan of
Cairo was ultimately published in 1774 as a copper engraving. Titled "Ichno
graphic Plan of the City of Cairo and the Towns of Bulaq, Masr al-'Atika, and
Giza,"" the map has two scales and a north-point upon it (fig. 7). East is shown at
the top and the Nile is at the botitom, an orientation shared by the Pagano view.
The relative positions of all settlements are given, as are cemeteries and hills.

17 Travels in Egypt and Nubia by Frederick Lewis Nordern .. S. Captain of the Danish Navy. Translated
from the Original Published by connand of his Majesty the King of Den mark. And enlarged witk obser
variansfrom the ancient and modem authors, that have written on the Antiquities ofIEgyp, by Dr.
Peter Templeiman in Two Volumes, 2 vois. (London: Davis a Rcymens, 1757). The plates used in this
edition ar the same as those in the contemporary French edition,
18 Nordet, Travels in Egypt and Nubia, vol 1, pl. 24.
19 The 'Well of.Joseph' in the Citadel, which Norde, describes in detail, is marked in error aslying to the
south of the aqueduct,
20 C. Niebuhr, Reisebeschreibung nach Arabien and andernamliegenden Landerns. 2 vols. (Coperhagen:
Nicolaus MIler, 1774-78). The French edition appeared almost simultaneously: Descption de 'Arabie;
fake sur des observations propres et des airs reacillis dans les lieur moims per corsten Viebuhr,
3 vols. (Amsterdam and Utrecht: S.Y. Batlde RA
J. van Schoonhoven, 1774-80).
21 Niebauhr. Description de IFArabie. "tJrbis Kabira ne non oppidonom Rulhk, Masr el Atk e Dsilse
Ichnographla,' p. 13.TIis was accompanied by a long explanatory text titled "Description des Villes de
Kihira, Bulk, Mast el Atik et Dsjise,' 86- l0.

10

INTRODUCTION

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monumental Description de I'tgypre." These four maps, all of which appeared in

the first volume or the Etat Moderne series, covered not only the dense historic core
of the city but outlying areas as well. They were: a general key map of Bulaq, Cairo,
Old Cairo, Roda, and Giza (fig. 8), a detailed map of Old Cairo, Roda, and Giza (fig. 9),
a detailed map of Bulaq (fig. 10) and, most important for students of the city's
topography, a detailed map of Cairo (figs. II a and I1b).

Fig. 9. Plan particulierde

tile

de Roudah, du Viei.rKaire, et de Gyzehs, from the

Description de (fEgypte,
tiat Modeme 1, pt 6, I09

(detail]. Copper engraving,

57 x 93 cm; approximate scale
1:5000. Author's collection.
Fig. 10. Plan particulier de
Bouldq, from the Description
dc I'Fqyptc, trat Moderne 1,

pl. 24, 1809 (detail). Copper

engraving, 38 x 52 cm;
approximate scale 1:5000.

Author's collection.

The key map clearly shows the different nuclei of the city as they were related to
the River Nile when the water level was at its lowest. Cairo is shown with the lakes
of Azbakiya and Birkat al-Fil within it, as are Bulaq, Old Cairo and Babylon, Imbaba,
and Giza. Islands and sandbanks within the river are also distinguished. The more
detailed maps of Cairo, Bulaq, and Old Cairo-Roda-Giza have numerous features
worthy of remark, of which a few will be highlighted here. The depiction of the port
of Bulaq shows a multitude of riverside warehouses backed up by a tier of wikalas
(urban caravanserai), as well as a straight, French-built, tree-lined avenue leading
east to Cairo. This was the first time that a specific map had been drawn of this area,
which was obviously quite a sizable town independent of, though related to, the
main city." The map of Old Cairo, Roda, and Giza shows the latter as a separately
walled precinct connected to Roda by a pontoon bridge. The fortress of Babylon with
its surviving Roman towers can also be discerned on this map.
In order to execute the detailed map of Cairo, which was the most complex
part of the survey, the surveyors established a base line measured by chain, and
triangulated 54 points: mosque minarets or positions located on high ground?
The city was then divided into eight distinct areas; their divisions are shown on
the map and follow major arteries or minaret triangulation points. The latter
provided the essential references for the subsequent street-by-street chain sur
vey. This map of Cairo constitutes the first systematic record of the system of
haras that made up the fabric of the city, the first precise depiction of the extent
of the fortifications of the city and the Citadel, and the most detailed image of

23 Description defligypte, a reruril des observations r de, rcheries qui ont Wtrfaites

enEgypre

pendant lerpldithon de A4
rmir rancaisepublik par leeordres de so Majeste 'Emperewr Napoleon Ic

24
25
26
27

Grand. (Paris; Imprimeric Inptiale, 1809-22). For an analysis of the cariographic output of the French
Expedition, see G. Alleame, "Enter linventaire do ioeitoire ti I consuction de I meniire: Lneuvre
eartegraphiqie de I'expedwition dfgypte,' in P.Bret. ed.,L'Epition d'tgypte: Une enterprise des
Luiers. 1798-180), Acres du colloque international organise par IAcadrnoirdes inscriplions or
belies-Ililres it lAcadimic dessoinces, soas les auspices de Ilestitrrde France er s Musium national
d'histairc natreelle. 8-10 ujuin1998 (Paris: Technique et Documentation: 19991,279-96.
The general plan is drawn at scale of appeoxinately 1:20,000: the detailed plans at a scale of approxi
miately 1.5000,
The only study of this area to date is N. Hanna, An Urban Histon qf Bulaq in the Mfodtuk and Otroman
Periods, Cahirs desAnnanes Islamelgiques 3 (cirs: IFAO, 9til)
The arca of the fortress lurther elaborated can also be seen in the more detailed plan that accompanies
a perspective view in the Description dr lEgypte, Anuiquiuli V, pl. 20.
See Canvas trigonomoirique du Kalre, 1:2.500, Description de iEgypte, Atin
Moderne II, pt. 2, 58.

14

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INTRODUCTION

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how the urban mass was situated within the surrounding landscape. The urban
interventions that were made by the French during their short stay in Egypt were also
faithfully recorded, such as the regularization of the perimeter of the lake of Azbakiya
and a street cut through from Azbakiya to the Khalig al-Masri (the beginnings of
Shari' al-Muski). The three detailed maps in the series included numerical keys for
buildings as well as for streets, squares, and other sites of importance. These were list
ed by name in Arabic with a transliteration in the accompanying text volume." A
search for the exact location of any numbered structure on the map was facilitated
by the use of a grid.
Although the material for the
Description maps was collected in the
years 1798-1800, the maps them
selves remained unpublished until
1809, partly because of the magnitude
of the task of printing the entire opus,
which took twenty years to complete.
These maps are a testament not only
to the efforts of those who surveyed
and drew them, but also to the skill of
the engravers who scaled down the
original drawings and prepared them
for print. A convention of closely
spaced diagonal hatched lines was
used to represent built-up areas.
Within this matrix, on the detailed

Fig. 11a. Plan particulier de /a

Pile, from the Description de
ltqypte, tinr Moderne 1 pl. 26,
t809. Copper engraving,
60 x 93 cm; approximate scale
1:5000. Authors collection.

map of Cairo, some of the largest

buildings are also shown in plan."
Cemeteries, field systems, bodies of
water, hills, and other variations in the landscape are all shown. Each map has both
magnetic and true North indicated, together with drawn scales.
Once the maps of the Description had been published, they established a new
level of accuracy in the cartographic representation of a city that was to change
dramatically in the coming century, partly as a result of the continuing and growing

Opposite:
Fig. 11h. Detail of the Plan
particuler de la ville at

actual size.
28 See Description de Itgypre, Eta! Moderne II, pt. 2. 589-657 (407 sites in Cairo and l05 in the Cihadell;
755-61 (269 sites in Bulaqh 762-63 (52 sites in Old Cairo).

29 These include the mosques of al-Zahir Baybars, al-Hakim, al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh, and Ibn Tulun. the
funerary complex of Oawsun (inthe southern cemetery], and the Hall of Justice and mosque at al-Nasit
Muhammad (in the Citadel).

16

INTPODUCTION

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presence of Europeans in Egypt. One agent of that change was a French engineer,
Pierre-Louis Grand, in the employ of Khedive Ismail, who in 1874 assembled the first
specialized map of the city's core that presented significant urban monuments (all
religious) in detail. Grand's map was printed in color at a scale of 1:4000 on four sheets
(pl. 6). It showed Cairo not simply as it was but as it was intended to be after new
avenues were cut through the fabric of the old city; most of these planned projects were
never executed?0o The most important (in historic or aesthetic terms) Islamic, Christian,
and Jewish religious monuments of the city were differentiated by coloring and
notation (numbers for the mosques, letters for churches and synagogues). Other public
buildings were named directly on the map. The significance of Grand's map for the
history of recording the monuments of the city.was confirmed by its rapid adoption as
a reference by the Comite de Conservation des Monuments de fArt Arabc."
The Comit6 de Conservation des Monuments de fArt Arabe, henceforth referred to as
the Comit6, played a crucial role in the documentation and preservation of the
monuments of Cairo. Their work touched on many aspects of the development of the
historic city, and indeed was vital in the development of the very concept of a historic
city. The Comiti was founded in December 1881, by decree of Khedive Tawfiq, as a body
within the Ministry of Endowments (wizaratal-awqaj} responsible for 'Arab Monuments:
One of the tasks with which this organization was charged was drawing up a complete

inventory of these monuments (which ultimately was extended to include Coptic sites
as well) in Egypt. The Comitt remained active until 1953, when it was subsumed into
the Egyptian Antiquities Organisation (now the Supreme Council of Antiquities), which
is today responsible for all the monuments of Egypt, regardless of period.

In purely cartographic terms, the legacy of the Comite is evident in two maps of
Cairo, dated 1924 and 1950, published at a scale of 1:5000. These maps were cross
referenced to expanding indexes of monuments that had been registered as antiquities
since the organization came into existence. The 1924 map was produced by the Survey

of Egypt on behalf of the Comite and is the first large-scale map of Cairo's
'Mohammedan Monuments' in English (pl. 7). The map, comprising two sheets, uses
color to differentiate buildings by period: red for Fatimid, dark brown for Ayyubid, and
blue for Mamluk. No Ottoman monuments ar numbered, although many are indicat
ed by name and shown in a darker brown than the surrounding urban fabric. An

accompanying index was compiled by the architectural historian KAC. Creswell." As

30 SeeJ.L. Abu-1ughod, Cairo: 1001 Years of the Cy Vicorious [Princeton: Princeton University Press,
1971), Ill, pl. 13.
31 SeeA. E1-abashi and N. Warner, "Recording the Monuments of Cairo: An Introduction and Overview"
Anmales 1slamologiques 32 (1998): 81-99.
32 K.A.C. Cresweil, 'A Brief Chronology of the Muhanmadan Monumenis of Egpi to Al) 1517," BIFAC 16
(1919): 39-164.

18

INTRODUCTION

far as the periphery of the city is concerned, the map does not extend as far south
as Old Cairo, and the eastern and southern cemeteries are included as two separate
inserts, unlike the subsequent map of 1950 (pl, 8). This latter map, which is still
available today in its Arabic impression (though both English and Arabic versions
were initially printed), is the current standard reference for the location and iden
tification of all the Islamic monuments of Cairo. It follows the basic design of its
predecessor, although for the first time registered buildings from the Ottoman period
were numbered, and the structures of other periods were more precisely defined.
The map is linked to numerical, chronological, and alphabetical indexes that were
published separately in 1947.
Grand's map, and the maps of Mohammedan Monuments that followed, were
manifestations of a late nineteenth-century trend toward the production of maps
with a more specialized purpose. Such maps were also produced to fulfill demands
other than the purely historical or architectural. Commercial interests were respon
sible for one of the most remarkable series of maps of the city's interior: the collec
tion of fire insurance plans produced by the English company of Charles Goad in
19052 The Goad plans were designed for insurance companies to assess risk on
property, and the information about these buildings was therefore provided at a large
scale (the metric equivalent of 1:600), using color codes for building types and an
exacting system of annotation that gave details of the construction of each structure
(pl. 9). Separate indexes were drawn up for street names, block numbers, buildings
by type, and companies, providing an invaluable record of the city and urban land
use at the turn of the century. Although Goad planned to include most of the area
of the historic city in his coverage, the execution of these plans was eventually lim
ited to the newly built 'European-style' portion of the city (called Ismai'liya after
Khedive Ismail), and the area along Shari' Muski extending east to Shari' Mu'izz. In
the absence of sufficient commercial interest, Goad's maps of Cairo were never
updated as they were for Alexandria-the only other city in Egypt for which Goad
provided insurance coverage. This process involved the periodic recall of map sheets
from subscribing insurance companies and the pasting of revision slips over areas
on the map that had undergone significant rebuilding or change of use.
In the twentieth century, the most widely distributed plans of cities in Egypt were
those produced by the Survey of Egypt." First established in 1898 during the British

33 SeeN. Warner, 'Charles Goad and the Fire Insurance Plans of Egypt, 1898-1910" in M. Volait, ed.,Le
Caire-Aleradrie: Architectrars sropdennes, 1850-1950, Etudes Urbaines 5 [Cairo IFAO, 2001),
219-31.
34 For primary sources on the Survey of Egypt, ee IEG.Lyons, The Cadasoral Survey of Egypt, 1892-1907
(Caim: National Printing Department, 1908), and G.W. Murray, The Sany of Egypt, 1898-1948,
Survey Department Paper 50 (Cairo; Ministry of Finance-Survey of Egypt, 1950).

CARTOGRAPHY

19

Protectorate as part of the Ministry of Public Works, the Survey of Egypt carried out
topographical and cadastral surveys of Calm, which were published initially at scales
of 1:10,000, 1:5000, and 1:2000. '*The first edition of a map series at a scale of 1:1000
(in color, on 310 sheets) appeared in 1912 (pl. 10 and fig. 12). These are tremendously

valuable for any study of the urban development of the city. since they define its built
area more precisely than ever before and name all public buildings and streets in
English and Arabie. The subsequent editions increased the overall geographic coverage

of the city but were printed in black and while, thereby reducing their legibility. The
1924 and 1948 Comite Maps of Mohammedan Monuments were divided into squares
that correlate directly with this 1:1000 series and were furthermore keyed to this set
of maps by square reference. From 1935 onward," these maps were superseded by
even more detailed plans of individual blocks of the city showing pilt outlines and

building footprints, which were printed in black and white at a scale of 1:500: the
famous Cadastral Survey, continually extended until 1960, by which time a total of

1,334 individual map sheets had been amassed (pL. II and fig. 13). These maps have
yet to be surpassed in the level of detailed information that is inscribed upon them.
Since they were not updated after production ceased in 1960, however, they are no

longer a true reflection of the condition of the built fabric of the city.
This brief survey has attempted to summarize the cartographic sources that exist
for the study of Historic Cairo. These sources span half a millennium, and they
demonstrate the remarkable extent to which the city's urban configuration has

resisted change, at least as far as its core is concerned. The city presented by
Pagano in his bird's-eye view of 1549 has the same essential structure that was
surveyed by the French in 1789 and that is presented in this publication (fig. 141.
In the sixteenth century, Pagano and Brucardo used different viewpoints in their
depictions of the city-the first imaginary and the second real-yet each provides

a complementary vision of its scale and density. The shift from oblique to planar
representations was accomplished by the end of the eighteenth century. Since then,
more detailed maps have served an increasingly diverse group of users ranging
from architectural historians to insurance assessors and government tax inspectors,

each of whom had specialist needs. The direct result of this cartographic activity
is that the city of Cairo today has a remarkably rich and varied corpus of material
with which to docurnent urban change.

35 For a comprehensive account of tne Survey of Egyp, or the Egyption Survey Authority asit became
in 1971, and more recenl

naps, sec J. -1.

Arnaui,

Cartographic dr I'Egypre: Supplon i a Ia let re

d information no. 16, Observui,.re urbuiIndu Caire contemporain. (Cairo: CTEDt,19891 esp. 19-21
and 54-58.
36 Murray Survey tf Egypt, 28.

20

t'NTRODUCTION

~7<

*10~/

K:

0 ,

0J

Map- -W

K
4

Plate 6. Perre-Louis Grand, Plan Genralde la Ville

du Caire, 1874 (detail). Hand-colored copper engraving
on two sheets, total dimensions 142 x 145 cI.m;scale
1:4000. Rare Books and Special Collections Library, the
American University In Cairo.

Plate 7. Map of Cairo Showing Mohammedan

Monuments, 1924. Colored steel engraving,

Plate . Map of Cairo Showing Mohammedan

on two sherts, each 68 x 104 cm: scale 1:5000.

two sheets, each 68 x 104 eM; scale 1:5000.

Author's collection. The detail, reproduced
here at actual size, shows the same area as
seen at pl. 7, but with the inclusion of
numerous buildings from the Ottoman period.

Author's collection. The detail, reproduced

here at actual size, shows the center of the
FaTimid city with a reconstruction, by Paul
Ravaisse, of the location of the Fatimid Eastern
and Western Palaces.

Monuments, 1950. Colored steel engraving,

K~4
-A,

SM. W#**

A CAIRO
-

624

O..L.O

e0a

[J

~,2

Da

INDEX MAP OF CAIRO TOWN

27

as
so

1:1000 SHEETS

fI

Plate 9. Opposite, bottom left: Charles Goad,

Fire Insurance Plan of Cairo, sheet 13, 1905.
Hand-colored steel engraving, 63 x 53 cm; scale
1:600. Author's collection. This shows the area
to the south and west of the mosque of al-Ashraf
Barsbay (no. 175) before the construction of
Shari' al-Azhar.

!!j *W~J

32

as

Plate 10. Opposite, top: Survey of Egypt, sheet

41K, surveyed in 1912 and printed in 1933.
Colored steel engraving, 48 x 48 em; scale 1:1000.
Author's collection. The detail shows pan of the
Darb al-Ahmar and the Suq al-Silah,.

46

IT

ril

Ia

till

'DA

Al
I

Plate I. Opposite, bottom right; Detail of key

plan of 1:500 Survey of Egypt cadastral plans of
Cairo, undated [ca. 1951], Colored steel engraving,
75 x 105 cm; scale 1:10,000. Author's collection.
The area within the black rectangle is that
covered by the map sheets in this volume.

L4-1

so

I 11/

Fli

51
5.

2 Ii4;9 AtAl

Ua;
I,

o-

$a1t

0~.

~'990-

M9flpO*

0'S f9I~A

Fig. 12. Left; Key to 1:1000 Survey of Egypt

plans of Cairn (1912).

Fig. 13. Below: Survey of Egypt, Cadastral Plan,

sheet 223, surveyed in 1937 and printed in 1951.
Steel engraving, 62 x 65 em; scale 1:500.
Author's collection. The plan shows the area
around the junction of the Darb al-Ahmar and
the Suq al-Silah.

)b

.--oua",

II

;~~z

~6~

A
.4A

S
-~

';S.~.~

,~o..S '*oj't

'-A

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21(403)

(47)

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428
187

Architecture: From Representation to Re-presentation

Within the city of Cairo stand numerous buildings of great significance for the
history of Islamic architecture (fig 15). These have been the object of scholarly
study since at least the time of the Description de fEgypte. The architectural rep
resentation of such buildings has its own history, however, which has received
considerably less attention. This representational history unsurprisingly follows a
trajectory that is similar to that of urban cartography, where the imprecision of
the encomiastic sketch made in absentia was replaced over time by representations
of increasing sophistication, detail, and scope that were produced by travelers who
had actually seen what they were drawing. As is also the case with cartography,
explicit architectural drawings from the Muslim world that describe the appearance
of particular structures are rare." Instead, words are used to convey such information,
in this case through the physical descriptions found in topographical works (khitat)
and endowment deeds waqf). The interest of Europeans in the buildings of Cairo
focused initially on the remains of Christian pilgrimage sites around Matariya.
These travelers also took notice of what one might term the mirabiliaof Egypt:
remarkable structures such as the Pyramids of Giza and the Nilometer of Roda.
Manuscript material describing less monumental structures is sparse. One example
is a drawing contained in the travel diary of Alessandro Magno, a Venetian trader
who visited Cairo in 1560, which portrays the interior of a Cairene house (seen in
sectional perspective) containing a typical tripartite reception room (qa'a), complete
with its sunken area (durqu'a)and an inlaid marble fountain, with another wall
fountain (salsabil)to one side (fig. 16). The Venetians, who dominated maritime
trade in the Mediterranean, were the most frequent European visitors to the East;
what they saw in countries such as Egypt and Syria undoubtedly influenced their
own artistic and architectural production."
Among the corpus of bird's-eye views of the city, dating from the sixteenth to the
seventeenth century, a few individual buildings and urban spaces are distinguishable.
Of course, buildings that stand apart from their context are far easier to identify

traditions of architectural representation In the Muslim world, see R. noted. "Text, Plan and
Building: On the Transmission ofArchitecuoral Knowledge," in M. cvienko. ed..Theories and Principles
of Design in the Architecture qf Islamic Societies. (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1988)
1- 12 See also G. Necipoglu Kafadar, "Plrts and Models in Fifteenth- and Sixteenth-Century Ottoman
Architectural Practice." Journal of te Societe
fArcritectura tHstorians 45 (198G): 224-43.
38 For art, see .L Raby, Venice, tirer and the oriental Made, Hins Huth Memorial Studies I [London:
Islamic Art Publications, 92). For archilecture, see ). Ioward, Venice and the East: The Impact of
the Islamic World on Venetian Archirecturr, I170- f500 (New Haen and London: Yale University

37 For

Press, 2000). For material culture, see R.E. Mack, Thazaar to Piazza:

1.300-160(

Islamic

Trade and Italians At.

(Berkeley and los Angeles: University of California Press. 2002].

ARCIITECTURE

23

Fig. 14. Nicholas Warner, Map

of Historic Cairo, sheet 18 (detail),
surveyed and drawn 1997-2000.
Scale 1:500. The detail, reproduced
here at actual size, shows the
area around the complex of Sultan
al-Zahir Barquq (187).

hamme, al-Tenbali
Mosque of el-Ghamri
Mosque of al-Hakim / Bobal-Futuh / Babal-Nasr
Wikaeat Dhulfiqor
Boyn al-Qasrayn: complexes of Soh Negm al-Din Ayyub,
Galowun, al-Nair Muhammad, Barquq. and madrsu of
al-Zahir Baybars
6 Khon ol-Khalilli / Mosque of Saivyidna Husayn
7 Mosque of al-Athar / Wikolor Gaytbay
8 Complex of al-Ghuri
9 Mosque of Gadi Yahya I Bayt al-Mufti
10 Bab Zuwaya / Mosque of al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh
11 Mus&e de]'Art Arabe / Mosque of Yusuf Aghs al-Hin
12 Sobil-kuttab of lbrahim Beyal-Kabir
13 Mosque of Gawson
14 Taklyyot al-Mahmudiyya
15 Darb al-Ahmar: Mosques of al-Maridani, Aqsunqur,
Khayrtak, and palace of al-Rare,
16 Bimoriston of al-Mu'ayyad I mosque of al-Sukkari
al-Kabit (Mamluk Hall of Justice)
17 Bir Yusuf arid the
of Sultan Hasan / mosque of al-Rifa'i
18 Moadrose
19 Tombof Shagarat al-Dur / mosque of Saida Sukayna
20 Mosque of Sayyida Ayesha
21 Mosque of Sayyida Nafisa
22 Mosque of Ibr Tulun: complex of
Sarghatmish / houses of Bayt al-Kritliy
and Arna bint Salim
23 Mosque of Sayyida Zaynab
24 Mosque of al-Zahir Baybars
1
2
3
4
5

24

[wan

A Husaynive
B Northern walls
C Eastern walls
D Birkat al-Azbakiya
E Birkat al-Fil
I F The Citadel
G urnayla f Garamidan
Ht Khalila
J Galat al-Kabsh
K Khalig al-Mast
L Khalig al-Nasiri

L
1C
12
13

15

Fig. 15, Sketch map

of core area of historic
Cairo (pre-1800)
showing the location

F
17

of key sites described

in the text. The toned

area represents the

Fatimid city. Author's

drawing.

I21

one kilometerH

than structures that are embedded within the city's streets. The depiction of these
buildings, however, is stylized and provides only a schematic architectural under
standing (which, given their scale, is impressive enough). Thus, for example, in
Pagano and Zorzi's view of Cairo (dated to 1549) we can distinguish the northern
and eastern walls of the city built during the Fatimid and
Ayyubid periods." From the Mamluk era, the twin minarets
above the Bab Zuwayla, the madrasa of Sultan Hasan, and the
complex of Yashbak on the northeastern side of the city are all
discernible.

-'C

.mrZZ'At

Even details such as the different styles of masonry

domes to be found adorning the city's many mausolea can be

identified: straight- and spiral-ribbed or covered with arabesque
and net patterns.
These indicators are all of use to the architectural historian,
but the level of information about buildings available from
both manuscript and printed sources increased with the grow
ing use of drawing conventions that had been developed dur
ing the Renaissance and the rise in the number of individuals
versed in those skills who visited Egypt. One of the first build
ings to be presented in print, as part of a sequence of Christian
holy sites, was the church and spring of the Virgin at Matariya,
by the Franciscan friar Bernardino Amico da Gallipoli, who
visited it in 1597 (fig. 17).4 This curious structure, with its
coffered ceiling, raised dais, plunge pool, and altar to one side,
is shown in perspectival section. Other engravings of individual
buildings can be found among the illustrations accompanying the account of the
French traveler Paul Lucas, who visited Egypt in 1719.4 They include a view of the
obelisk at Matariya, a view and plan of the Nilometer, a plan and section of the
Well of Joseph (the BirYusuf built by Salah al-Din in the Citadel) (fig. 18), and a view

39 N. Warner,

The Fatimid and Ayyubid Easten Walls of Cairo: Missing Fragments," Annales

Islamoloniques 33 (I999); 283-305.

40 D.Behrens-Abonseif, "The North-Eastern Extension of Cairo under the Manaluks," Annales

Istinmologiques 17 (191): 157-89.
41 Bernardino Anico dAGallipoli. Trattato delle plantee immagini de Sacri Edifizi di TERRA SANTA
discgnate in lerusalemme secondo le regale della Prospetriv, c vera misun delia for grandezza
(Rome: Antonio Tempesta, 1609).
42 Troisime Voyage du Siear Paul Lucas fait en M.DCCXIV par ordre de Louis XIV dons la Turquie,
iAsir, la Souie, [a Palestine, in Haul et la Basse Egyptr at. 3 vols. (Rouen: Robert Machuel, 1719).

Egypt is included in volume 2.Another contemporary rendering or the Well of Joseph and a view of

the aqueduct can be found in the Alias Historique ou nouvelle introduction 4 t-istaire, 4 in
Chronoalogir F a la GiographieAncirne et Moderne: reprsente dons de Nouvelles Cones, etc. etc.
Tome 6 qui comprend IAfique 8 lAmerique Septentrianale EtMerdionate (Amsterdam: Chez tlHonor
ft Chittelain Libraires, 1719), vol. 6, 21.

ARCHITECTURE

25

Fig. 16. Alessandro Magno,

Interior of a house in Cairo,
from travel journal, 1556.
Pen on paper, 20.5 x 15 cm.
Accession no. V.a.259 toL. 127.
By permission of the Folger
Shakespeare Library,
Washington D.C.

Ij

41i

Fig. 17. Bernardino Anico

de Gallipoli, Chiesa net Cairo
posta in prospectiva, 1609.
Copper engraving, 20.7 x 29 co.
Courtesy Bernard Quaritch Ltd.,
London.

of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Among them, too, is a representation of the proces
sion of the mahmal, when the annual pilgrimage to Mecca left Cairo accompanying
a camel that bore two copies of the Quran under a tentlike canopy upon its back. This
demonstrates an interest in recording not only the built environment of Cairo but the
events that took place within the city as well. The obelisk of Matariya and the
Nilometer also feature in a memoir compiled by Benoit de Maillet, the French consul
in Egypt from 1692 to 1708, which was published in 1735." De Maillet's engraving
of the interior of the Nilometer interestingly shows it at the time of full flood with
measurements being taken (fig. 19). The fascination of the Nilometer, whether owing
to its form or its purpose, was great among visitors, and further efforts to record its

43 Descripton de V'gypre contenant piusieurm remarques curiuses sur fa geographicancienne et moderne de

ce pais, sur les monuments anciens, Sur les mocur, Ies croutumeS etr eligion des habitnts,sur le gon
vernemrnr e t onmmerce, s.r 1esanhmar, les planes, etc Compcsr su les memaires de Ml.de Maillet,
ancien Consul J, Fmnc an ECire, par %f. abbe Le Wascrier (Paris: Genneau ft Rollin, 1735), 66 and 112.

26

INTRO DU CTI ON

appearance were soon made. The Jesuit father Claude-Louis

Fourmont, who was the author of the first printed panora
ma of Cairo seen from the Muqattam Hills (published in
1754), provided only two other plates in his book, both of
which show the Nilometer." One of these is a perspectival
cutaway section (fig, 20); the other is a plan with surroundIng structures that also bears a lettered key used to explain
the various functions of the building.

&

Richard Pococke's Description of the East (1743) added

to the corpus of buildings deemed worthy of independent
illustration (fig. 21). Although crudely executed, these rep
resentations attest to a broadening archaeological interest
in the various structures of the city." Naturally, the
Nilometer is there, but the list also includes the Roman
fortress of Babylon, the aqueduct pumping station, the
mosque of 'Amr, the Bab al-Nasr, the 'Diwan of Joseph'
(the Mamluk Hall of Justice in the Citadel),'6 and the Bir

Yusuf. By isolating a group of individual buildings in this

way for the purposes of study, and by providing the read
er with a variety of plans, sections, and views of them,
Pococke presaged the more complete architectural taxonomy of the Description de
i' gypte. His Danish contemporaries Norden and Niebuhr were less comprehensive
but more accurate in their depictions. Norden presents the by-now familiar Bir
Yusuf and Nilometer, but the latter is also shown in by far the most detailed sec
tion to date. His most engaging illustration, however, is not so much about archi
tecture as another event framed by its architecture: the Cutting of the Canal cer
emony that took place annually at the mouth of the Khalig al-Masri opposite the
island or Roda (fig. 23)." This shows fireworks exploding around the pavilion

where the Ottoman governor sat, looking down on the dike as it was breached.
Niebuhr provides only one architectural illustration: a perspective sketch of the Bab
al-Futuh (fig. 22).4

44 Fournont, Description historque et gcograpiaque 130, pL 2 (Coupe du pairs du Mekias on Nilanhre).

and 142. pl. 3 (PlanGometral des souterminsdu Mekias ott Nilomtre),

45 Pococke, A Description of The East, pis. 9-15.

46 See N.O. Rabbat, The Citadel of Cairo:A New Interpreationof Royal Manluk Architecture (Leiden: E.J.
Brill, 1995). 244-63, for the history and use of the [wan al-Kabir as rebuilt by Sultan al-Nasir
Muhammad in 1333.
47 Norden, Travels in Egypt and Nubia, pis. 19 (the Well of Jiseph), 23, 25, 26 (the Nilnetrr), 18 (the
Cutting of 1he Canal).
48 Nichuhr, Description de IArable, pl. 13

ARCHITECTURE

27

Fig. 18. Paul Lucas, Plan ei

coupe da puits de Joseph au
Caire, 1719. Copper engraving,
IB x 12.8 em. Rare Books and
Special Collections Library, the
American University in Cairo.

Pococke, Norden, and Niebuhr were not, in the first place, artists, and the quality
of their images was soon to be far surpassed by subsequent publications. Among
these, one unfinished project by the French painter Louis Fran;ois Cassas
(1756-1827) stands out. This was to be a precursor to the Description in its ambition:
the Voyage Pittoresque de la Syrie, de la Phoenicie, de la Palarstine,et de Ia Basse
Egypte.- Cassas's avowed intention was to combine the descriptive powers of the
word with images. His encyclopedic proposal divided the subject matter into three
volumes in folio format, illustrated with more than three hundred plates and ample
scholarly texts; Egypt was to be included in the third volume. A lack of subscriptions
forced the project's cancellation, but not before a preliminary 'sample' volume had
been produced. This included a group of seven perspective views (and one plan) of
different sites in Cairo: the Bayn al-Qasrayn in front of the mausoleum of
Qalawun, two views of the madrasa of Sultan Hasan (the first printed images of
the madrasa), a plan of the Diwan of Joseph,' the obelisk of Matariya, an exterior
view of the Bab al-Futuh, and an unidentified street that provides the backdrop
for a scene showing the pasha's ceremonial entrance into Cairo." The significance
of this collection of views is that it includes, for the first time, an accurately

Fig. 19. Benoit de Maillet, Plan and

view of the Nilometer, 1735. Copper
engraving, 19.9 x 23.5 cm. Rare
Books and Special Collections Library,
the American University in Cairo.
Fig. 20. Claude-Louis Fourmont,

Coupe du pairs du Mekias on

Nilomitre. 1754. Copper engraving,
19 x 21 cm. Rare Books and Special
Collections Library, the American
University in Cairo.

observed urban landscape, as well as buildings standing in isolation. Cassas's view

of the Bayn al-Qasrayn provided not only the first relatively precise rendering of
the exterior of major buildings such as the madrasa-mausoleum complex of
Qalawun, but has even been used by architectural historians to re-create the
appearance of the now-demolished madrasa of al-Zahir Baybars (fig. 24). Cassas
visited Cairo in 1785 for only two weeks, during which he drew the sketches from
which these engravings were derived. In addition to the original drawings of the
engraved plates, further manuscript sketches of the Bab Zuwayla, the 'Diwan of
Joseph' and a characteristic group of minarets survive, all of which attest to the
high quality and accuracy of his architectural recording-only to be surpassed by
the Description."

49 Its full title: Voyage Pittoresque de to Syrie, de Ia Phocniei, deta Palaestin, et de fa Basse Egypte:
Ouvrage divist en trais coumnies, ontenant eniron trais centtronet planches, gmentes sur les dessins
c sous in direction du C.en CASSA S,peintre, In des artintes employds par Panue do Voyage de I
ricer; un discours prtininaire poorcheque olune, par le C. en VOLNEY, ancmnbre de I'nstitut
national, auteur Sn Voyage en Syrie; un ter redigie par ts CC. FI.G. La Porte-du Theil, memibre
de 17nstitut retdo Conservatire dr la Bihliokthque nationatc; poor la partic historique et in relation du
Voyage: JG. Legrand, architecte, de ia Societe lbre des sciences, !etires et arts de Paris; pour In portie
historiqu et descriptierdr farchitetur; L. Lanyls, membre deI Institut, et do Conservotoirede I
Bibliothique artionate,pmfesseun de Person a Vicate speciate des fangues orientales iantes;poor (a
panic denLeagues et des inscriptions orientales (Paris: Imprimeri de Ia Ripublique, An VII [1798-99])
50 Respectively, pih. 6, 1,b5,66, 69, 74, 76, and 8l
51 See the exhibition catalogue, Louis Frangois Cassas, 1756-1827: Densnateur-Voyager/Im Bama der
Sphinx: Finfraoisischer Zeichner reist noch Italien ndn
in den Orient (Mainz am Rhein: Veriag
Philipp von Zahrn, 1994)

28

INTRODUCTION

Aeo

iir

. A4
Ba)4ueA.

,rA

Khir,.

Fig. 21. Left: Richard Pococke,

A View of the Reservoir of

the Aqueduct a Grand Cairo,

and also of the Top of it,
1754. Copper engraving,
28.5 x 18 cm Rare Books and
Special Collections Library, the
American University in Cairo.
Fig. 22. Right; Carsten Niebuhr,
Rad al-Firdch, une Porte de
Kdhira, 1774. Copper engraving,
19 x 14.6 cm. Rare Books and
Special Collections library, the
American University in Cairo.

Fig. 23. Frederik Norden, Ceremonie praliquee chaque Annee 4 (occasion do Coupment de la
Digue pour faire career le Nil au Grand Coyre, rendered 1757. Copper engraving, 20.7 x 39.8 cm.
Rare Books and Special Collections Library, the American University in Cairn.

Fig. 24. Louis Francois Cassas.

Wedding procession in the
Batt al-Qasrayn, 1796.
Copper engraving. 23.9 x 41
com,Deutsches Archaiologisches
Institut, Abteilung Kairo.

It was another visitor, Luigi Mayer, who had the distinction of being the first
artist to bring color to representations of Cairo. In 1792, Mayer traveled to the Near
East in the entourage of Sir Robert Ainslie, the British ambassador to the Sublime
Porte. His book of lithographs, published with accompanying texts in 1801. con
tained eight perspective views of individual sites in Cairo." They comprise a "View
of the Nilometer," the "Gate of Grand Cairo" (the Bab al-Nasr), the "Principal Square
in Grand Cairo, with Murad Bey's Palace" (the Qaramidan) (pl. 12), "The Mosque of
the Four Hundred Pillars" (the mosque of 'Amr), the "Lovers' Fountain,"" "Ruins in
the Castle of Cairo," and "Joseph's Hall" (the Hall of Justice). Of these, the view of
the Qaramidan is particularly significant, since it is one of the sole surviving rep
resentations of what the Mamluk hippodrome may have looked like after it had
been enclosed by buildings. The representation of the ruined Hall of Justice also

52 Views in Egypr from the Original Drawings in the Possession of Sir Robert Ainslie, taken during his
Embassy to Constantinople by Luigi Mayer: Engraved by and under he Direction ofThomas Milton
With Historical Observations, and Incidental lllsfrations of the Manners and Customs of the Natives of
that Country (London: Thomas Benty, 1801).
53 This was a basalt sarcophagus (now in the British Museum) located next to a mosque in the area of
Cairo known asHawd al-Marsud. SeeRobert Hay. fllustrations ofcairo (London: Tilt R Bogue, 1840.
descriptive notice for p. 6.

30

INTRODUCTION

went beyond anything hitherto published, giving a good impression of the scale of
this vast, now-demolished, structure.
The work of Cassas and Mayer was not, however, above a certain stylistic exag
geration, evident in the almost mannerist elongation of architectural elements such
as arches and minarets. A more prosaic style of rendering was employed by the
third major artist to visit Cairo at the close of the eighteenth century in the com
pany of Napoleon's savants: Dominique Vivant Denan. Denon was resolutely unim
pressed by what he saw of the city;
Je voyois effectivement une inombrable population, de longs
espaces Atraverser, mais pas une belle rue, pas un beau monument:
une seule place vaste, mais qui a Fair d'un champ.{... } [Aju reste,
ces edifices portent les characters de tout ce que ilu'ont badi les
Musulmans dans cette rigion, c'est a dire qu'ils offrent un melange
de magnificence, de misere, et d'ignorance."
The illustrations Denon provided for his book on Egypt for most part reflect this low
opinion: only one fine view of the lake of Azbakiya at night (fig. 25) conveys any
feeling for the spirit of the place. The cemeteries, a view of Bulaq with the mosque
of Sinan, a distant exterior view of the Nilometer, and views of the aqueduct pro
vide information about the appearance of the city's peripheries, but material from
the interior, such as street scenes or major monuments, is completely absent. This
may well be the result of a justifiable nervousness on the part of the artist at a time
when hostile locals had just assassinated Jean-Baptiste Kl6ber and killed four col
leagues from the Commission des Arts." Nonethleless, Denon's Voyage dons I Basse
et la Haute Agypte pendant Its campagnes du Gentral Bonaparte, first published in
1802, ran to over forty editions, adaptations, and translations." The significance of
this publication, aside from its wide distribution, inheres in the fact that it predated
the publication of the Descriptionby more than a decade.
A whole team of trained architects and surveyors, rather than any one individual,
made possible the compilation of the far more sophisticated and varied record of
the architectural remains of Cairo found in the Description dr i'Agypte. Their legacy
comprises detailed architectural drawings (including plans, sections, elevations, and

54 Vivant Denon, Voyage daes la Basse ella Haute tgypte pendant ls, Campagnes du Gntral Bonaparte
(Paris; P. Didot lAine, 1802], vol. 1, 63 and 65.
55 Denon, Voyage dan la Bsse e ta Haute Agypte, vol. 1, 56-67. Denon included only eleven views of
Cairo in his work.
56 J.-E. Goby, Cahlers dHistaire Egyptenne, series 4, fast. 5-6 (Cairo: tditions des Cahiers d'Histoirc
Egyptienne, 1952), 290-316.

ARCHITECTURE

31

Fig. 25. Vivant Denon, Vue

du Caire, prise de la place
Pl-uzbdky#h pendant le temps
dec 'inondation du Nil. 1802
(detail). Copper engraving,
23.8 x 75 cn. Private collection,
Washington, D.C.
Fig. 26. Opposite top: Plan rt
odealfon d'un Abreowoir pets
de lo porte appelde Qard
Meyddr; Botton:; Plan et
elevation de la ciects appelte
sibit A'ly Aghd, from the
Description de LEgypte, Et
Moderne 1, pl. 4B, 1809.
Copper engraving, 58 x 43 em.
Authors collection.

perspectives grouped together for the first time)" of some of Cairo's greatest buildings:
the mosque of nn Tulun, the madrasa of Sultan Hasan, the Nilometer, the intake tower
of the aqueduct built by Sultan al-Ghuri, the mosque of al-Hakim, the mosque of
al-Zahir Baybars, and the mosque of Sinan." Among military constructions, the Bab
al-Futuh, the Bab al-Nasr, and the Citadel are well represented. Domestic architecture
is documented in the houses of AlfM Bey, Hasan Kashif, Ibrahim al-Sinnari, Qasim Bey,
Uthman Bey, and Sulayman Agha.' Three examples of public buildings-a bathhouse,
a watering trough, and a fountain-school (hammam, hawd, and sabil-kuitab,
respectively)-are included (fig. 26). Also shown are major urban spaces such as the
Rumayla, the Khalig al-Masri, the lake of Azbakiya, and Birkat al-Fil, all of which (with
the exception of the Rumayla) have now disappeared. For the first time, a significant
number of architectural details are represented, as well as faithful copies of the Arabic
inscriptions to be found on the mosque of lbn Tulun and the Nilometer." All of this
material was precisely measured and drawn, which gives the work of the Description
an extraordinary resonance and relevance to this day."'
Despite this, the work was obviously restricted in its scope; whether intention
ally or not is difficult to say. A clue to this is given in the very title of the section
that contains the bulk of the engraved plates of Cairo. This is named the "Environs
du Caire" rather than the "Centre Ville." The vast majority of the information

generally pmvided on these drawings; a metric scale and an old French scale (based on
the pocer, the pled, and the taise). For [he titles usedin the plates, their seales, dimensioning systems,
format, and other indications seeT.M. Russell. ed., The Napoleoani Sunny ofEgypt: 7h, Aonuments
and Customs of Egypt. 2 vols. ldershot: Ashgate, 20011. 1:27-28.
58 These drawings are to be found in the Etar toderne 1, pih. 17-73, published in 1809.

59 Of hese, only the house of Ibrahim al-Sinnari survives [monument number 2831.

60 For the inscriptIons in the Nilometer and mosque of lbn Toan, see the Etat Mtoderne 1l.pls. a-g.

61 The drawings are not infallible, however, as can be seen front the elevations of the madrasa of Sultan

Htasn, where the distinctive cornice of the building is omitted.

57 Two scales were

32

INTRODUCTION

I'lK

Ell U

I' ll\X

I4
4'

AI HE.

NIIV 1"' ,1
A4PL

F ANFA1~fle

iN

lYIA
MIA .0 4FN> A Al;aIA,

presented is from peripheral rather than central sites. The Bab al-Futuh and the
Bab al-Nasr, which lay exposed on the northern flank of the city, are shown, but
the Bab Zuwayla is not-probably because it was embedded in a denser urban
configuration. All the mosques depicted were either in ruins or at the periphery
or both-al-Hakim, Ibn Tulun, and Sultan Hasan being cases in point. One looks
in vain for the mosques of al-Azhar and al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh or the funerary
complex of Qalawui within the collection of plates, though each was undeniably
worthy of study and inclusion in the architectural corpus. Even the houses that
are depicted were located close to the edge of the main built-up area of the city
rather than within it. Perhaps the interior of the city was at the time simply too
hostile to be penetrated in safety by the French, who were in any case technically
barred entry to Muslim holy sites.
Few images of Cairo appeared in print in the years immediately following the
departure of the French." The mantle of the savants of the Descriptionwas des
tined to fall, appropriately enough, onto a French architect in the employ of
Egypt's new ruler, Muhammad 'Ali, by the name of Pascal Coste." Coste lived in
Egypt from 1817 to 1827 with an absence of one year, and in addition to building
new constructions for his patron, found time to painstakingly document both
pharaonic sites and mor of Cairo's outstanding Islamic architecture. Only his
studies of the latter made it to print. Coste's book, IArchitecture arabe, on
Monuments du Kaire,published in 1839 long after his return to France," was made
up of seventy plates showing a variety of buildings including mosques, fountain
schools, bathhouses, and caravanserai (wikalas). The illustrations in most copies of
the book were black-and-white line drawings; a few examples were hand-colored
or shaded. Plans, sections, elevations, and perspective views are Coste's medium of
communication. To work in the interiors of mosques, Coste was armed with a
firman from Muhammad 'Ali; although the ruler had advised him not to visit the
mosque of al-Azhar, Coste gained entry on the pretext of surveying the floor tiles
prior to their pretended replacement at the Pasha's expense. His treatment of religious
architecture included the mosques of 'Amr, Ibn Tulun, al-Azhar, al-Mu'ayyad
Shaykh, Sultan Hasan, Aqsunqur, and Khayrbak, as well as the funerary complexes
of Qalawun, Farag ibn Barquq, and Qaytbay. He was the first to draw up a 'parallel

62 5ee, for example, Henry Salt. Twenty-four Views Taken in St. Helena, the Cape, India, Celon,
Abyssinia and Egypt (London: W. Miller, 1809) with a fine rendering of the madrasa of Sultan Hasan as
seen from the Citadel.
63 The best study is that of M. Volait, "Les monuments de ['art aeab," in Pasmcl Coste: outes les Egypte

(Marseille: Iditions Parenthises-Bibliothque Municipale de Marseille, 1998), 97-130.

64 LArchitecture arabe,on Monuments du Kaire, mrsurds ct dessinds de Y818 b 1826 par P. Coste,
Architecte (Paris: MM. Firmin Didot Frires, 1839). For the saga preceding publication, see Volnit, 'Les
monuments de 'art arabe,' 114-15.

34

INTRODUCTION

of minarets' to scale, showing eleven examples. Other building types were repre
sented by the Bab al-Nasr and Bab al-Futuh, the Nilometer, the pumping station
of al-Ghuri, the dervish lodge and fountain-school (takiya and sabil-kuttab,
respectively) of Sultan Mahmud, the fountain-school of Ibrahim Bey. al-Kabir, the

al-Tanbali bathhouse, the caravanserai of Dhulfiqar, and the portal of the cara
vanserai of Gaytbay at al-Azhar (fig. 27). The latter constitute the first images of
wikalas to appear in print. Houses along the Khalig al-Masri, and the fasade of the
palace of Razzaz on the Darb al-Ahmar round out the selection with examples of
domestic architecture.
Although Coste has the deserved reputation of being an astonishingly accurate
draftsman of architectural form and detail, he was not above improving on reali
ty in some instances by straightening out the kinks in the structures he surveyed,
introducing symmetry where none existed, or adding elements where he believed
they should exist for perfection's sake. This followed the Beaux-Arts tradition of
creating an ideally proportioned architecture that had little relation to the often

ARCHITECTURE

35

Fig, 27. Pascal Coste, Vue de

!'Oket Zoulfiqar Copper engraving,
30 x 44.3 cm. Rare Books and
Special Collections Library, the
American University in Cairo.

Fig. 2B. Robert Flay. View of

part of the Kaiat el Kebsh,
1840. Color lithograph,
28 x 38.2 cm. Rare Books and

Special Colleclions Library, the

American University in Cairo.

complex stratagems employed by Muslim Builders to accommodate, for example,

the conflicting orientations demanded by religion (qibla) and context (the street)
when planning mosques and mausoleums. This can be seen, for example, in the
plans Cosie drew up of the complex of Qalawun and the mosque of al-Azhar.6F
Since his renderings are sometimes all that remain as a record of destmyed buildings
such as the hospital (binaristan) of Qalawun, they have art inestimable value.
What is more problematic is that his parily idealized drawings have subsequently
been treated as if they are archaeologically exact foundations upon which to
build reconstructions."

65 Seeaso. Volait, "Le nomorrents d ar arhe,' 123-24 for a discussio of the drawing of the faqade of
thetiroadrsa f Sula Husani.
66 The constrltion of ourtvard arcades in the mosque of al-Mulyynd Shaykh, nearing completion in
2004, is basei on Costes drawing.

36

NTRODUCTION

Plate 12. Luigi Mayer, PrincipalSquare

in Grand Cairo, with Murad Beys
Palace [the Oaramidan], 1801. Color
lithograph, 23.2 x 31.3 em. Rare Books
and Special Collections Library, the
American University in Cairo,
Plate 13. David Roberts, Minaret of the

Mosque of al-Ghanree, 1846-49.

Color lithograph, 35 x 24.5 cm. Rare

Books and Special Collections Library,

the American University in Cairo.

4x

Plate 14. Frank Dillon.

The Palaceof Radwun

Bey. 189-70. Watercolor
on paper, 30.2 x 4S.1 em.
Courtesy Sarah Searight.

Plae 15. Prisse dAverns, Ddme et minare de la Mosque de Khairbekych, 1869-77. Color lithograph,
44.8 x 32 cm. Rare Books and Special Collections Library, the American University in Cairo.

The majority of artists and architects who lived in or passed through Egypt dur
ing the nineteenth century had come for the glories of ancient Egypt. Yet Few could
be so insensate as to ignore completely the rich Islamic architectural heritage of Cairo.
The 1840s witnessed the printing of two major works that paid equal homage to the
architecture and the atmosphere of Cairo, frankly succumbing to the combined allure
of its intricate buildings, crumbling ruins, striking panoramas, and dense human
activity. Robert Hay, in his Illustrations of Cairo of 1840, published thirty tonal lith
ographs of the city that, although they are all exterior scenes, provide much unusu
al material rendered in a more lifelike manner than the exquisite but often sterile line
reproductions of the Description and Pascal Coste.P The drawings were produced by
Hay himself and two architects, Owen Carter and C.Laver, and were accompanied by
descriptive notes compiled with the assistance of the great Orientalist scholar and
long-term resident of Cairo, Edward William Lane. Particularly interesting are views
of the now-vanished structures that stood on the hill of Qulat al-Kabsh (fig. 28),
around the Birkat al-Fil, and along the river at Bulaq. Equally arresting are the depic
tions of individual structures that have now been demolished or altered, such as the
Hall of Justice on the Citadel, the mosque of al-Barmawiya, the crumbling slave mar
ket at the wikalat al-Gallaba, the Barbers' Gate at al-Azhar built by 'Abd al-Rahman
Katkhuda, and the constructions of Sultan al-Ghuri inside the Khan al-Khalili.
Whereas the work of Hay rests in relative obscurity, that of David Roberts is ubiq
uitous. This has tended to reduce his remarkable output to the status of an oriental
wallpaper, which is an entirely undeserved fate. Roberts started his professional career
as a scene-painter for the theater but was persuaded by others (including J.M.W.
Turner) to direct his talent to a higher purpose. His vast three-volume set of litho
graphs, Eqypt and Nubia," was the result of a visit to the Near East that lasted less than
a year between 1838 and 1839. It included awe-inspiring images of Cairo: the Bab alNasr and the Bab Zuwayla; the mosques of Sultan Hasan, al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh, Abu']
'Ila (Bulaq), and Sultan al-Ghuri; the minarets of the mosques of al-Gharmri (p]. 13),
Baybars al-Gashankir, and Qawsun; the funeraiy complexes of Qaytbay, Farag ibn
Barquq, the Sultanlya, Qurqumas, and Inal; views inside and outside the city such as
the Bayn al-Qasrayn, the northern cemetery, the Rumayla, the Bab al-Wazir, the east
ern walls seen from the rubbish mounds, and al-Khalifa; details of the Nilometer and
the aqueduct pumping station. This is a selection of Cairo's finest civic architecture,
presented in all its grandeur, yet only a single plate is dedicated to a domestic fagade.

67 Robert Hay, fllustrations of Cairo [London: Tilt R Bogue, 1840). The drawings themselves were executed
by Hay himselr 0. Caner. and C. Laver.
58 Davtd Roberts's work appeared in many editions. the two most imporeant being The Holy and. Swra
Idumea, Arabia, Egypt and Nubia, 6 vols. [London, rG, Moon, I 842-4%), and Egpt and Nuia, 3 vots
(London, EG. Moon, 1846-49).

ARCHITECTURE

37

Equally effective in their portrayal of identifiable buildings and interiors came

other artists and architects of the nineteenth century, such as Jean-Lon Gtr6me,
John Frederick Lewis, Frank Dillon, Richard Plien# Spiers, and James Wild." The
value of their work, aside from the purely aesthetic and atmospheric, resides in the

remarkably accurate record they left-not only of vanished buildings (such as the
Bayt al-Mufti [fig, 45d, bottom] or the Suft convent at Qasr al-Aini) but also of
entire urban spaces that have long passed into memory (such as the Birkar al-Fil
and the Qaramidar). One characteristic this group shared was a fascination with the

domestic environment. For Gir6me and Lewis in particular, this provided a pre
cisely observed and detailed architectural backdrop against which 'oriental life,
with all its intrigue, could unfold.
A different approach-the logical extension of the encyclopedic tendency of the

Enlightenrment-was adopted by the major French publications that appeared after

Coste's, relative to Islamic architecture in Cairo and its ornamentation. This is epit
omized by the work of Girault de Prangeynm Emile Prisse dAvennes" and Jules
Bourgoin." The publication of Prisse's atlas, LArt arabed'aprts les monuments du
Kaire, spanned more than a decade; among the images are a variety of perspec

tive views of individual buildings or groups of them (including approximately

twenty buildings never hitherto recorded, of which six have subsequently van
ished) (p). 15) The bulk of Prisse d'Avennes's work, however, was concentrated on

the painstaking record of decorative treatments in wood, metal, plaster, and mosa
ic. Prisse dAvennes also firmly linked the study of Islamic architecture with its
minor arts: furniture, textiles, metalworking, glass, and ceramics. His successor,
Bourgoin, had an even more defined aim, as is suggested by the title of his work:
Pricis de

'Art Arabe et Materiaurpour servir i

lHistoire, a

ia

Theorie et ia

Technique des Arts de lOrient Musulman. This consists of hundreds of line draw

ings of the technical detailing of the construction of the domes, minarets, vaults,
muqarnas, doors, and windows that had so attracted the Romantic artists, but pre
senting them instead as specimens for study (fig. 29).
In the context of the growing European desire to construct and ornament new

buildings in the Islamic style, Prisse d'Avennes and Bourgoin had provided the

69 For Gir6ne, see M. Stevens. ed.. The Orientalists: Delacroix to Marisse. European Painters in North
Africa and the Near East, (London: Royal Academy of Arts, 1984), 136 47; for Lewis, seeC.Williams.
'John Frederick Lewis: Reflections of Reality," Mugarnas 18 [2001): 227-43; for Dillon, seeB.
Liewellyn. 'Frank Dillon and Victorian Pictures of Old Cairo Houses." Ur 3 (1984): 3- 10.
70 Giraull de Prangey. Alonument arabe d'Egypte de Syrie et dAsie mineure; dessinds et measures de 1842
i 1845, (Paris: chez lauteut, 1846).
71 Prisse dAvennes, LAr arabe d aprts les monumenrs du Kaire: Depuis I Ve sitclejusqaru' lafji du
XVle, 3 vols. (Paris: A. Morel. 1869-77).
2 1 Bourgoin., Precis de Ar Arabe el Mathisr pour serrir8 IHistnire, 8 1a Thare e la Technique des
Ars de r
i rient Muniulman (Paris: Leroux, 18'21.

38

I NTR O DU CTI ON

'

L ART ARE

manuals to do so. Further reference material,

generated by the newly developed representa
tional medium of photography, was also now
available. Prisse dAvennes had used photogra
phy as a tool in the compilation of his atlas,
but altogether of a different nature was the
output of a legion of commercial and private
photographers operating in Egypt during the
latter half of the nineteenth century. Francis
Frith, . Pascal Sebah, Antonio Beato, Henri
and Emile B&chard, the Zangaki brothers,
Hippolyte Arnoux, Felix Bonfits, as well as oth
em," amassed hundreds of glass negatives that
give us a unique glimpse of a city on the brink
of irreversible change, yet few of these men
claimed to be self-consciously documenting the
heritage around them. Theirs was an industry
driven by the new mass-market of tourism that
had arrived to gawp at Egypt's past and take
home a souvenir (fig. 30).
With the formation of the Comitt de
Conservation des Monuments de l'Art Arabe in
1881, however, a new organization was born
that had as its express purpose the recording of
this heritage and its protection. To carry out
these aims, the architects and historians of the
Comit6 employed drawings and photographs
systematically for the first time, leading eventu
ally to the creation of an unrivaled archive of information about the monuments
that they were charged to protect." Their thoroughness was such that today we
rely upon their drawings and photographs to wreonstruct the original appearance
of damaged or destroyed structures. This record is also invaluable in that it enables
us to assess the often extreme interventions or physical reconstructions that were

73 For the most comprehensive listing of photographers who worked in Egypt during the nineteenth
century, seeN. Perez, Focus East: Early Phtoraophy in the Near East (J039-1885) (New York:
H. Abrams, 1988).
74 SeeP.Speiser, Die Geschichte der Erhaltung arabischer Baudenkmillerin Agypten ADAIK, Islamische
Reline 8 (Heidelberg, heidelberger Orientverlag, 2001), 47-89.
75 The archive is currently located in the oices of the Supreme Council of Antiquities at the Citadel.

ARCHITECTURE

39
39

Fig. 29. Jules Bourgonin,

Stalactites, 1892. Copper
engraving, 21.8 x 15.2 cm. Rare
Books and Special Collections
Library. the American University
in Cairo.

Srr

performed on the overwhelming majority of buildings in their care (ofwhich more

below). To round off this indispensable archive, we have the Bulletins of the
Comitd, published over a span of some seventy years. These record in detail all
decisions and notices pertinent to the history, registration, and deregistration of
monuments, as well as the practicalities and cost of their restoration and the not
infrequent clashes with other public and private authorities that sought to demolish
them. Many of the members of the Comite during the seventy-odd years of its
activity were gifted architects: the German Julius Franz, the Austrian Max Herz, the
Italian Achille Patricolo, the Frenchmen Ambroise Baudry and Edmond Pauty, and
the Egyptians Ahmad Saiyid Mutawalli, Mahmud Ahmad, and Muhammad 'Abd
al-Fattah Hilmi, to name but a few." Yet one stands out above others for the depth
of his architectural researches (at least in the earlier periods of Islamic history), the
exactitude of his surveying, and the comprehensiveness of his photographic docu
mentation. This was the Englishman K.A.C. Creswell." The bulk of Creswell's
contribution to the field of the architectural history of Cairo can be found in his
two works, Early Muslim Architecture and The Muslim Architecture of Egypt," and
his photographic archive, which includes some three thousand images of the archi
tecture of Cairo alone." While resolutely ignoring the architecture of post-Mamluk
Cairo, Creswell's pioneering use of textual and visual sources, dating sequences,
stylistic comparanda, drawing, and photography allowed him to construct
detailed biographies of the buildings that came under his scrutiny (fig. 31). At the
same time, he was one of the first scholars, together with 'Al Bahgat Bey,"6 to employ
archaeology in order to broaden our knowledge of the city's past. Archaeological
work has continued until today, although most excavations are located on the
periphery of the city rather than at
contributions to the comprehensive
whether pursuing their analyses by
era, the work of Michael Meinecke

its center." Others have made outstanding

documentation of Cairo's built heritage,
building type or period. For the Mamluk
broadens the base provided by Creswell."

76 See Speiser Die Geschichte der Erhalsung arabischerBaudenkmiiler, 67-74, for biographies. For the
work of Baudry, see M. Volait and M.L. Crosnier Leconte, L'4yptr d'un architere: Ambruisc Baudry,
1838-1906 (Pads; Somogy, 1998)
77 See 0. Grahar, ed., K.A.C. Crswell and His Legacy, Muqarnas 8 (1991).
78 K.A.C. Creswell, The Muslim Architecture of Egypt, 1: Jkshids and Fatimids, AD939-I171 (Oxford;
Oxford University Press, 1952]; The Muslim Architecture ofEgypt, 2: Ayvubids and Early Bahrite
MamDulks, AD 171- 1326 (Oxford: Oxford University Press),1959,
79 The archive, preserved at the Ashmolean Museum. Oxford, is now available on CD-ROM.
80 A. Bahgat and A. Gabrel, Fouilles d'af Faustat: Publires sas les auspices do Comit de Conserration
des Monuments de tArt Arabe ('aris: E. de Brocard, 1921).
81 See the work of G. Scanlon at Fustat, R. Gayraud at Stabl Antar, and P.Speiser et al. at the funerary
complex of al-Nasir Muhammad.
82 M. Melnecke. Die marnfukische Architektur in Agypten and Syrien (648/1250 is 92311517), 2 vols.
ADAIK lslamische Relihe (Gluckstod: . Augustin, 19921.

ARC HIT

CTURE

4
41

Fig. 30. Anonymous

photographer The rab'
of Ibrahim Agha
al-Mustahfzan (formerly
no. 457/595), prior to
demolition in the 1950s
(ca. 1930). Paper print

from glass negative,

21.3 x t
on. Author's
collection,

to

Fig. 33. Views of the mosque of

Yusul Agha al-Hin before (left)
and after (right) restoration
works. Note the addition of a
replica of the sabil-kuttab of

Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda on

the northwestern corner. BCCMAA, 1936-40, pls. 6 and 7.

(which already had its own sabil-kuttab on its east flank) (fig. 33). This was to be
an exact copy of the sabil-kuttab of 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda located in the
Bayn al-Oasrayn (no. 21, AH 1157 1 AD 1744). The only reason to make such an
addition was aesthetic. In addition, the sabil-kuttab of 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda
was already a favorite exemplar of Islamic architectural style, having appeared in
reconstructed form in at least two world exhibitions,"
In the 1920s, the Comite also launched an urban clearance campaign around the
mosque of Ibn Tulun [no. 220, AU 263-65 / AD 876-79). The interior of the mosque
had already been cleared of encroachments and its ruined arcades and ceilings
replaced. The mosque had further been surrounded over the centuries by an
agglomeration of mainly domestic structures that used the outer wall of the ziyada
surrounding the mosque for their structural support (fig. 34). All the surrounding
buildings and streets that led to doors in the ziyoda were removed, with the
exception of three buildings: the madrasa of Sarghatmish (no. 218, AN 757 1 AD
1356), the house and sabil of al-Kritliya (no. 321, AH 1041

AD 1631), and the

87 For the Paris Exposition Universale ol 1900, see Celik, Displaying the Orient, 118. For the World's Fair
at Chicago in 1993, seeH.C. ves, The Dream City: A Portfolio of Photographic Views frotm the World'i
Columbian Exposirion (St. Louis: N.D. Thompson, 1893); and IA. Bicrman. Urban Memory and the
Preservation of Monuments." in J. Bacharach, ed., The Resroration and Pfrservation of hsiomic
Monuments in Egypt (Cairo: The American University in Cair, Press, 1995), 7.

44

INTRO DU CTI ON

I,

house of Amna hint Salim (no. 559, An 947 /AD 1540). The first of these was an
early Mamluk structure of major importance. Its missing dome over the qibla
iwan was replaced in concrete, though evidence indicated that the original dome
had been constructed of wood and lead sheet. The two houses were kept for aesthetic
reasons, but excavating them from their surrounding urban context required the
creation of an entirely new southern facade where none had existed before. This
was carried out in 'appropriate' style with new mashrabiya and corbeling. During
the clearance process, the mosque of Ibn Tun also lost a secondary Manluk
minaret (seen in the background of fig. 34), which was demolished because it was
purportedly unsafe.
The final example considered here is that of the mausoleum of Shagarat
al-Durr (no. 169, AH 648 / AD 1250), which lies in the area known as al-Khalifa close
to the mosque of Ibn Tulun." A 1902 survey shows the small domed mausoleum
embedded in a cluster of buildings including shops and a functioning zawiya with
an ablutions court-all obviously later accretions (fig. 35). A project was initiated
in 1917 to disengage the mausoleum from its attendant zawiya, which was to be
replaced by a new Mamluk-style zowiya and sabil at a suitable distance from the
mausoleum. This plan failed to provide any new ablutions facilities, rendering the
mosque unusable. Although the disengagement was carried out, the new zawiya
was never finished; it stands today as an incomplete and unused ruin that might at
first glance be taken for a Manuk structure.
Consideration of the manner in which the complex of Shagarat al-Durr and
other buildings discussed above were remodeled leads inevitably to the issue of
style. The use of an Islamic Revival style" in the reconstruction or rebuilding of his
toric structures was not favored solely by the Comitd: other agencies such as the
Ministry of Endowments, often working with members of the royal family, were
also responsible for major changes in the appearance of historic buildings, usually
mosques. Their motives are less complex than those of the conservationists: they
wished simply to facilitate the use of the buildings in their care and considered the
neo-Islamic style to be the appropriate mode of expression for those aspirations.
This trend started slightly ambiguously with the new mosque of al-Ilusayn (com
menced by 'Abbas I and completed under Khedive Isma'il in 1878), the faqade of
which can be considered as much a manifestation of Gothic as Islamic styling.

88 For the extent of Shigarat at-Durr's foundation in the area see D. Beheren-Abouself. "The Lost Minaret

of Shajarat ad-Durr at Her Complex In the Cemetery of Sayyida Nafisa, MDAIK 39 l1983), 1-16.
89 SeeR. Ilbert and '. Volait, 'Neo-Arabic Renaissance in Egypt," Mimar 13 (1984: 26-34: N. Rabbat,
"The Formation of the NCo-Manuk Style in Modem Egypt," in M. Pollak, ed., The Education of the
Architect Historiography,urbanism, and the Growth of Architectural Knowledge (Camnbridge, MA,
MIT Press, 1997), 363 86.

ARCHITECTURE

45

A major section of the wall around the mosque of

al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh was also rebuilt by Isma'il in 1874.
In such work. he usually employed foreign architects,
such as the Italian Ciro Pantanelli, who built a neoIslamic sabil-kuttab near the Baih al-Hadid in 1870." The
trend was consolidated, however, by lawfiq (with the
reconstruction ofthe mosque of Sayyida Zaynab in 1884),
and his successor, 'Abbas 1."' Among the historic mosques
that 'Abbas totally or partially rebuilt in a neo-Mamluk
style are those of al-Azhar, Qawsun, Sayyida "Ayesha,
Sayyida Nafisa, and Sayyida Sukayna. New mosques
included that of al-Hartaft, and al-Rifa'i (following an
inherited plan). The Islamic Museum and the headquarters
of the Ministry of Endowments itself are prominent
examples of secular buildings also constructed in this
style during the tenure of 'Abbas II. Recent examples of
reconstruction following a religious imperative, in this
case in a neon-Fitimid mode, have been those undertaken
by the Da'udi Bohra Isma'ilis on a series of Fatimid reli
gious monuments throughout Cairo." These restorations,
like those undertaken by the former royal family, are
motivated by faith and a desire to see these buildings
Fig. 34. The house and sabil
of at-Krilitva and the house
of Aina bint Salim during the

process of clearing structures

fmn around the mosque of
ln Tulon ftop), and after the
reconstruction of their fasades
(boandt. BCCMAA, 1941-45,
pis. 9 and 10.
Opposite: Eoile Bechard. the
outer courtyard and wall of the
mosque of 1bt Tulun prior to
the clearance of surrounding
houses, ca. 1880. Albumen
print fron glass negative,
25.2 x 19.2 crcm.Rare Books and
Special Collections Library the
Anerican Universily in Cairo.

improved for their users; they remain controversial

because of the extent and quality of the interventions made to achieve this goal.
The trend has continued into the twenty-first century with the replacement of historic
elements of the mosque of Fatma al-Nahawiya, the rebuilding of the mosque of
Zayn al-Abidin, and extensions to the nosques of Suiyyida Zaynah and Sayyida
Nalisa-all executed in the neo-Mamluk style.
The adoption of an appropriate 'national style' of architecture in Egypt became
more of an issue after the British Occupation of 1882. In this context, the ncoMarmluk buildings constructed by 'Abbas I ran be interpreted as an assertion of
national identity in the face of foreign domination. As the stylistic debate is still
alive, it is worth reconstructing something of its history here. After the Ottoman

90 See M. a-laamaousy, ' h, Rel igious Monuments of he Period of isninil Pasha (1863- I879) (masters
Arabic Stuie, the American University in Caro, i992t.
ihrsis, Department
I Se, Mo.al-Amroussi, 'Seicted Reiigiou Buildings Irom tIhePertod of 'Abbas [ilt
[1892-1914)
ma ers I hsis, Dear nr n ol Ar ie S udies. Ihe America n Ui ve rily in (Ci ro, 1994).
92 codate thse have included the mosinies of al-Hakim, ai-Aqmr, and I uclu. and the cashhad oralCuyuashi. Hr tih colext or thsi re.oirations. seP.Sinders, Boira Architncirei and the Rsiori con
in M. Biarrucaned.
of Ftirrlid tuic
lari-ISorhoi nn. t1999), 1-,

46

INIRUDUCTIOD N

d., L gypt

fainde:

St

art

n histo? re (Paris. Universito de

I
LrA
r

L7

*IM

1i~
I

94

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zttW

7-Tomhefmu EhagmretEl

EturrF,

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it

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$cr2Y

cf cn.,r

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conquest of Egypt. the Mamluk architectural tradition survived largely intact with
the integration of specific isolated architectural elements and typologies."
Muhammad 'Ali was the first to attempt to impose an alien architectural style, based
on models from Albania (the Rumi' manner), as well as imperial Ottoman prototypes
(most notably in his eponymous mosque on the Citadel and other 'Turkish Baroque'
constructions). He also attempted to alter the appearance of indigenous architecture
by proscribing the use of mashrabiya windows in new buildings and by requiring
their replacement (with modem casements) in old buildings? This took place
because the mashrabiyawas alleged to be a fire risk, but another reason was wholly
symbolic: mashrabiyawas considered to be 'backward! A reversal of this process was
instigated by the Comite for their own aesthetic reasons. By the end of the nineteenth
century, hybrid fagades on apartment buildings that sported classical balconies and
mashrabiya projections side by side were a commonplace.

93 These include the semicircular arch, the how-fronted

94 See Abu-Lughod, The City Victorious, 94.

sabil,

and the typology of the takiya.

ARCHITECT URE

49

Fig. 35. Plans of the tomb of

Shagarat al-Durr and its context.
Left above: before disengagement
(1902); left below: after the con
struction of a new zawiya (1919);
above: proposal (later executed) for
the disengagement of the tomb and
construction of a new Aawiya by
G.fRossi ca. 1914. Comite archive.

Fig. 36a. Above left The

Ministry of Endowments by
Mahmud Fahmi (1898-1929);
above right: the house of
Hasan Pasha Rashid by
Achille Patricolo (ca. 1920);
author's photos.
Fig. 36b. Oppostle: Pascal
Sebah, the sabil-kuttab
of Umm Muhammad 'Ai
al-Saghir by Ciro Pantarselli
(1870).

A major catalyst for the use of the neo-Islamic style was its popularity with
European architects who had been working in Egypt since the time of Pascal Coste.
None of Coste's own proposals for new buildings in this style were adopted by his
patron Muhammad 'Ali, but other architects such as Ambroise Baudry, Julius Franz,
and Max Herz met with more favor." After 1900, other foreign architects continued
in design buildings that ranged from private houses and apartment blocks to gov
emnment offices and mosques, with various Islamic revival features. With the excep
tion of mosques, these treatments (as they were applied to neoclassical or modem
plans and building types) were limited mostly to favades. Alfonso Manescalo was the
architect of the new Muste de l'Art Arabe (1903). Mario Rossi, Achille Patricolo,
Antoine Lasciac, and Ernest Jaspar all used a variety of Islamic elements in their
work, whether for secular or religious projects? Egyptian architects also adopted the

95 For Baudry, see Volait and Crosnier-Leconte, L'Egyptr d'on arrhitect, 56-103. For the building of the
Gezira Palace (now the Marriott Hotel) by Franz, see T. Sakr, Early Twentieth-Century Islamic
Architecture in Cairo [Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 1993), 47-48. For Herz s involvemets
in the fail project see M. al-Asad, "The Mosque of al-Rifa'i in Cairo," Mugarns 10 (1993) 108-24.
96 For Rossi, see A.M. Sidky, "The Modem Mosque in Egypt: The Mosques of Mario Rossi far the Awquf
(master's thesis, Department of Arabic Studies, the Amrerican University in Cairo, 1998); For Patricolo,
see M Valait, Grandes demaeures do Caire au sikle pass&" Cahiers de la Rechnerche Architecturale
20/21 (1987): 90-91; for Lasciar, see M. Volait, "Antoine Lasciac (1856-1946]: Un architecte face A
1'Oriest,' in Lo fite en Egypte:.Supplment aux voyages eumpens (Cairo: CEDEJ, 1986), 256-Bl; for
Jaspar, see R lbert, Hdiopolis,genise d'une ville, 1905-1922 (Marseifle: CNIRS,1981).

50

I NTRO 0 UCTI ON

IAl

iZN

f2

7L

Islamic style wholeheartedly. Mahmud Fahmi al-Mimar (the chief engineer of the
Ministry of Endowments after 1907), his son Mustafa Fahmi (director of the Public
Buildings Service after 1926), and others such as Farid Shafi'i were instrumental in
the furtherance of neo-Islamic architecture as the approved style for public build
ings?' This included the use of a neo-Fatimid fagade (based on the mosque of alAqmar) for the entrance to the Coptic Museum (which was inaugurated in 1947) by
Simaika Pasha, who perhaps intended to hint at a Fatimid debt to the Coptic decora
tive tradition. Almost all of the above mentioned architects, both European and
Egyptian, had close ties with the Comitd.
Since the 1920s, the Islamic Revival style has been challenged by the pharaonic
style in the realm of secular architecture. The latter was considered by many to be a
more appropriate manifestation of a nationalism that cut across religious distinctions.
This is best exemplified by the monuments dedicated to Sa'ad Zaghloul (whose tomb
was also built by Mustafa Fahmi). Today, both Islamic and pharaonic styles are
practiced, usually with a split between buildings intended for religious purposes

97 These include the Ministry of Endowments 1898-1929), the Arabic Music Institute (1921-29), the
Egyptian Engineers' Syndicate 11930), and the Parliament Mosque (1930s).

52

I N TRODUCTION

7 ,

11

-1

Fig. 37. South elevation of

restaurant in the Aga Khan
by Dahan and Farid
Associates (2004). Courtesy
Aga Khan Historic Cities
Support Progamme and Dahan
and Farid Associates.

1Park

1 l

--W

(such as the Dar al-Ifla: the seat of the Grand Mufti), and those for secular ones

(the Constitutional Court). In some cases, such as that of a new restaurant for the
park in Darrasa sponsored by the Aga Khan (fig. 371, these buildings incorporate
diverse elements deriving from different periods of Islamic architecture within a
single structure.
Although there is no simple prescription for how best to conserve built heritage,
there is a growing consensus that the accumulated historical layers and context of a

building should not be simply discarded (whether for aesthetic or other reasons)
during this process. Further examples of radical disassociation and the aesthetic
imperative in the reconstruction of the Islamic monuments of Cairo, similar to those
cited above, abound. In fact, it Is altogether rare to find a historic structure in Cairo
today that has not undergone significant remodeling over the past century. The
Comdite had one incontestable reason for embarking on such a course: without radical

interventions it was likely that much of the building stock would have vanished
completely through degradation rather than surviving in a nonetheless altered state.
Its architects operated at a time when the depth of their architectural knowledge was
not matched by a similar depth of understanding in addressing the distinctions
between reconstruction and conservation. The divergent philosophies of John Ruskin
and Fugne Viollet-le-Duc may have been appreciated intellectually, but it was

ARCHITECTURE

53

almost always the latter's approach that was (and is) favored. Current proponents of
Cairo's reconstruction cannot claim either historical ignorance or pressing necessity
for some of their architectural transformations. These include, by way of example, the
further isolation of the northern walls of the city through the demolition of adjacent
buildings intra murs, and the rebuilding of the missing courtyard arcades of the
mosque of al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh-on the basis of a perspective drawn by Pascal Coste
before the enclosure wall of the mosque was reconstructed in 174.
The policy of legally-sanctioned isolation, which requires the creation of a buffer
zone (harram]around a registered monument, risks the destruction of its surrounding
urban tissue (both physical and social), depriving the building of its historic context
and therefore of much of its meaning. The ultimate destination of such an approach,
in the opinion of this author, is a sterile theme park where buildings that are framed
as 'mionuments' io longer contribute to the life oflthe city but stand as detached
three-dimensional cut-outs in a typological or stylistic catalogue. This triumph of
taxonomy has encouraged, in the first place, a focus on exclusive stylistic periods
rather than an awareness of buildings as the products of an accumulated history, and,
in the second, a belief in outward representation as being of more importance than
the fundamental spatial paradigms found in the Islamic architecture of Cairo.

Urbanism
Cairo is a serial city, the development of which has been governed by a number of
factors." Its physical limits were imposed by the Muqattam Hills to the east, and the
River Nile to the west (fig. 1). The Nile's course was variable,", as were its floods, and

90 For tudics of the topagraphical developmntl of the city and its constituent pacts during different periods
see: P.Ravaisse, "Essai sur 'histoire eta topographic du Caire d'aprts Makrizi," part 1: MMAF I 11886),
409-80); par, 2 MMAF 3 (1889), 33-114; U. Salmon, 'Etudes sur la topographic du Caire. Lekalat alKabsh et a Birkat al-Fil," MAAF 7 (1902); M. Clergt, Le Cair, crude de groprophir urbaine et d'histoire
tconomique 2 vols. (Cairo: Schindler, 1934); SJ. Staffa, Conquest and Fusion. The Social )eolution of
Cairo AD 642-f850 (Leiden: Brill, 1977); Abu-Lughod, Cairo. One Thousand and One Years ofthe City
Victorious; A. Raymond and G. Wie, Leosmarches du Caire: Troduction annoredu terre de Maqrii,
Textes Araes et Eudes Islamiques 14 (Cairo: IFAO, 1979); Haina, An Urban History of Bslo in the
aanhlk and Ottoman Periods; D. Behrcns-Abouseif Azbakiya nd its envlruhs fnov Abakton Isma'il,
1476-1879, Supplement aux Annales Islamologiques Cabier No. 6 (Cairo, IFAO, 1985); N.D. Mackenzie,
Ayyubid Cairo: A Topographical Study (Cairo: The American University in Cairo Press, 1992); P.
Sanders, Ritual Politics and the Cirt in Fatimid Cairo {Albany: SUNY, 1994); D. Behrens-Abustif, 'AlNasir Muhammad and al-Astral Qaytbay-Patrons of Urbanism," in U. Vermeulen and D. de Smet, eds.
Egypt and Syria in the Fatimid, Ayyabid, and Maduk Ems (Loesen: Petters. 1995), 267-84; A.
Raymond. Le Cairo des Janissaires: I'Apoge de Ia rile ottomane taut Abd al-Rahmdn Kolkhadd (Padris
CNRS, 1995); A.F Sayvid, La Capitale de IEgyptejusqu'a cepaqeforoinidc: al-Qnhira et FusoatEssaide de reconstituton topogmphique, Beiruter Toxte end Studient 48 (Beirut and Stuttgart: Steiner,
1998); S. enoix, J.-C Depaule, and M.Tuchscherer eds.,L, Khan al-Khalifi: Un cetre conmercial o
artisanal a Caire du Xllc an XXe sile, Etudes Urbaines 4 [Cairo: IFAO. 1999); A. Raymond, Cairo,
(Cambridge, MA.: Harvard University Press, 2000).
99 SeeCJ R. Haswell, 'Cairo, Origins and Development: Some Notes on the Influence of lh River Nile and
lis Changes," Bulletin de Ia Societe Royale de Giographie dftgqynpe, vol. I [nes. 3 and 4) (1922).

54

INT

0DUCTION

as a consequence high ground was always preferred for construction. Of the first
city, Fustat, founded in the seventh century, we look to archaeology for insight. Of
its successors, al-'Askar and al-QataT (eighth to ninth centuries), only the mosque
and aqueduct of Ibn Tulun remain. It is the Fatimid, Ayyuhid, and Mamluk city
(tenth to fifteenth centuries), overlaid with a multitude of later constructions, that
we can walk through and appreciate today. The early cities also followed a het
erotopic pattern, each being built adjacent to a previous settlement. Fustat was
constructed outside the walls of the Roman fortress of Babylon, which had become
the administrative center of Byzantine Egypt. The Abbasid and Tulunid foundations
of al-'Askar and al-GataT were located slightly to the northeast of Fustat. The virgin
site selected for the establishment of Fatimid al-Qahira was again to the north of the
earlier cities. Salah al-Din, following Syrian precedent, situated the Ayyubid citadel
on a dominant spur of the Muqattam Hills, and for a while development took place
along the new axis of power that ran from there to the former Fatimid center.
The control and diversion of flood water from the Nile was achieved through the
building of canals and artificial lakes, which complemented a preexisting canal,
dating from pre-Roman times. This took place most particularly in the time of the
Mamluk sultan al-Nasir Muhammad (early fourteenth century), who constructed a
second canal (the Khalig al-Nasiri) to the west of its ancient forerunner (the Khalig
al-Masri). This allowed more of the area between the Khalig al-Masri and the vagrant
river edge to be reclaimed and occupied by buildings, a process that was finally
completed only in the late nineteenth century. Under the Mamluks, the city also
spread north, to the suburb of Husayniya, and south, toward the mosque of Ibn
Tulun. During the Ottoman period, urban developments were concentrated around
the lakes of Azbakiya and Birkat al-Fil, as well as in the area immediately to the west
of the Khalig al-Masri, and in the port of Bulaq, which served Cairo's commercial
needs. The pace and extent of urban development was also profoundly affected by
factors other than the course of the river. Disastrous plagues regularly took their toll
on the city and its inhabitants, while new commercial interests such as the lucrative
trade in coffee that flourished from the seventeenth century provided the necessary
capital for intense periods of building activity The remarkable ethnic, commercial,
and religious diversity of the city, as it developed through time, is marked by an
abundance of descriptive toponyms, which survive to this day.
Cairo has now made the transition from metropolis to megalopolis.' The
majority of the city's recent explosive growth is illegal. New developments follow

100 For a study of Cai's growth on the occasion of its 100th anniverry, see R. Marthelot, Le Caire:
Nouvelle Metropole," Annales Istamalogiques B(1969): 189-221

URBANISM

55

the preexisting divisions of agricultural land on the edges of the city." In the historic
center, however, while the pressure for expansion is still acute, growth has generally
(though not solely) occurred vertically rather than horizontally, with the result that
the street patterns visible in the late eighteenth-century survey of the Description
de IEgypte are still physically apparent. The most obvious feature of this system is
the hara, or closed neighborhood, consisting of a network of dead-end streets. Each
of these individual clusters was accessible through a gated (and guarded) entrance
and possessed a measure of social and political autonomy (fig. 38). The haras still
survive as meaningful urban units and provide the city with character, despite the
destruction of most of their entry gates (by Napoleon's soldiers) and despite the
erosion of their social and political independence.'" Furthermore, the major
Fatimid, Ayyubid, and Mamluk thoroughfares, which connected vital nodes of the
city and which were used as the stage for ceremonial processions, are also still
intact and lined with monumental architecture. The Qusaha (literally, 'trachea') is
the spine of the Fatimid city that extends south to the area of al-Qata''. The Darb
al-Ahmar connects the Citadel with the Fatimid walled city, and Shari' Saliba links
the former to the mouth of the Khalig al-Masr (see fig. 1). Complementing the living
city are the 'cities of the dead.' The major cemeteries of Cairo were located in
peripheral zones, the largest of these to the southwest and northeast of the Citadel.
Other graveyards were located outside the Bab al-Wazir on the Darb al-Ahmar and
beyond the Bab al-Nasr on the northern edge of the Fatimid center. All these ceme
teries grew significantly during the twentieth century (with the addition of a major
residential component in some cases]. They are all still functioning, although plans
have been in place for some time to relocate the tombs from the cemetery outside
the Bab al-Nasr to the western desert, where the major new cemeteries serving Cairo
have been established beside the roads leading to the Fayyum and to Suez.
As far as the building stock of the historic city is concerned, the passage of time
has taken its toll, as is to be expected. Within the urban core, the process of
ruination, whether the result of recurrent famines and plagues or changing economic
conditions, was steady. To judge from the laments in the fifteenth-century description
of al-Maqrizi, the collapse ofthe city proceeded almost in tandem with its construction

101 SeeD. Sins,

'Residential Informality in Creater Cairo: rypologics, Representative Areas,

Quantification, and Causal factors, unpublished report for the institute for Liberty and Demorracy
and the Egyptian Center for Economic Studies (Cairo, 2000); E, Denis and M. Sijourn, "lItroniation
Systems for Informal Settlements: Predicting Uowth through Comparing Satellite Imagery," unpublished
report for the CiEDlLJ
[Cairo, 2002). Sims has established that where informal development is nct
restricted by agricultural plot boundaries, the network of the ea is adopted almost instinctively.
102 N. al-Messiti Nadim, 'the Concept of the Hara: A Historical and Sociological Study of aSukkariyya." Annales samelooques 15 (1979); 313-48. those hat survive include the gate to the
Harat al-Mabyada and the Harat al-Sukkariya.

56

INTRODUCTION

ci

during certain periods. Of the more than four hundred caravanserai (wikola-funduq
khan-qaysariya), so critical for the mercantile life and physical texture of the city,
ii
that are recorded for the Mamluk and Ottoman periods, only approximately thirty
survive relatively intact today (not all of which are registered monuments). The
map and index of the Description de 1'gypte are vital in allowing us to chart a
more exact picture of loss since 1800. At the end of the eighteenth century, Cairo
had 308 public watering places (watering troughs and fountain-schools), of which
approximately ninety remain."' From the list of one hundred bathhouses noted by
the Description de ltgypte, only fourteen survive. " Of the sixty-two private houses
and palaces catalogued by Edmond Panty in 1933, twenty have been destroyed and
a further five are at grave risk from irreparable disintegration. x
Such statistics point to an urgent need for the enforcement of effective preservation

I 1

policies. The statutory protection of registered monuments has been theoretically in

place since the inception of the Comite in 1881. Unfortunately, however, the index
of historic monuments was always limited in its scope. Sometimes only selected
elements of any given building were registered, and it was only in 1950 that the
remit of classification was extended to cover buildings constructed after the death of
Muhammad 'Ali. Far too many registered monuments were subsequently deregistered,
further diminishing the stock of protected buildings.'" Deregistration was carried out
whenever it was felt that better exempla of any given building type existed, or when
the pressure of urban development manifest in the need for more roads and schools
became insuperable. Some attempt has been made to rectify the situation, with sixty
five buildings within the greater Cairo area added to the register since 1950,"' but the
criteria for registration are still vague, and the number of additions falls well short of
what is required to preserve what survives of the city's significant heritage.
Furthermore, the need for area conservation, and for the rehabilitation of monuments
to serve the needs of the community to which they belong, is still largely ignored.1"

103 The total is derived from Raymond and Wiet. Les marchts du Caire, which includes an appendix that
lists known Ottoman witaoas.
104 See A. Raymond, "Les fontaines publiques (sabii) du Caire
epaque attomrnae (1517-1798)," Annales

islamltogiques 15 (1979): 236-92.

105 See N. Warner, "Taking the Plunge: The Developenr and 11st of the Cairene Bathhouse.' in J.
Edwards, ed.. Historians in Cairo: Essays in Honor of George Scanton, (Cairn: The American Liversity
in Cairo Press, 2002), 72.
106 E.Pauty, Le, paints t le raisons d'tpaque mastamane aut aire, MIFAC 62 (Cairo: IFAO, 1933).
to The index ot monuments compiled in 1947 rns to 622 buildings, of which approximately 130 were
already deregistered by that time. these are simply absent from the numerical sequence.
108 Statistic derived from an unpublished register of Islamic Monuments in the Documentation Center or
the Supreme Council of Antiquities, dated 2000.
109 SeeJ. Rodenbeck, "The Present Situaton of the Historic City: A Road Not Taken,. in D. BehrensAbouself, ed.,The Cairo Heritage: Essays in Honor of Laila Ali Ibrahim (Cairo: The American
University in Cairo Press, 20001, 327-40,

U R B A N 15 M

57

Fig. 38. Gate to the Hart

al-Mabyada (number 356,
AH 1084 / AD 1673). Author's
photograph.

Maps are the primary tool used in the delineation of urban change, and the
cartographic history of the city is fortunately rich enough to sustain a study of
those changes, street by street and block by block. With reference to the detailed
map of Cairo in the Descripifon, and considering the urban core of the city, major
alterations to the fabric are immediately apparent. Gone are the relatively modest
urban modifications made by Napoleon, notably the rationalization of the periph
ery of the lake of Azbakiya."' Gone, indeed, is the lake of Azbakiya itself, together
with its counterpart the Birkat al-Fil and the Khalig al-Masi-the canal that once
linked them. Azhakiya was replaced by Muhammad 'Ali with a Furopean-slyle
landscaped garden-today even Further truncated-and the Birkat al-Fil was filled in
during the 1840s to provide the site for a royal palace and garden. A modern set
tlement of villas and schools was later established here (the district of Hilmiya). "
The Khalig al-Masri, once ft'terl by poets, had been completely filled in by 1899,
and the sinuous rows of buildings that flanked its course were soon eradicated;"'
the canal's former course has now become a major traffic artery. Seemingly more
permanent than any individual building are the city's rubbish mounds located out
side its eastern wall, some of which reach a height of fifty meters. These mounds
were started in the time of al-Hakim, and are clearly marked (as monti di scovaze)
in the mid-sixteenth-century view of Matteo Pagano (see figs. 3a and 3b). They
were employed by Napoleon to dominate the city with artillery and also used for
more creative purposes as a vantage point by the artist David Roberts. The rubbish
mounds are currently being transformed into a park.
Also visible on maps are the results of the pressure to create new access routes
Fig. 39. Nineteenth-century
road construction in and
around the historic city. Dotted
lines indicate uTexecuted
projects. Author s drawing after
J. Abu-tiughod.

through the city and to widen existing ones (fig. 40a). In nineteenth-century
Europe, the cutting of roads through medieval centers was linked to miasma theories
that fetid air in such dense settlements bred social and physical disease, which
could be best combated by the introduction of new avenues to bring fresh air, space,
and light to the festering interior. Both Cairo and Istanbul experienced the effects of
the application of this theory, which was usually associated with the principles of
regularization of the urban fabric and the introduction of new transport systems."
Shari Muski (named after an Ayyubid amir, 'Izz al-Din Musk) is the first example

110 [lie French-built street linking Azhakiya to the Khalig a-Maisri sorvives. however, as the westernmost
secuton of Shariat-Muski.
IlI K. Aslour, "Ihe IDmestication of Knowledge: t ao at the I urn of the Century" Mgaarna 10 1993)
125-37.
li2 the creation of an enlarged square in fmt of the mosque of Saivyida Zaynab also dates Io this period.
11) For a comparison with istanhtl, see Z. eik, fTheRemaking of talnhut: Portmaitof an Ottoman City
in the Ninreenth Ct,,etr (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1993). For ine
icenth-century urbanisma
in Cairo. see R. tlbert, -Note sur I'Egypte au KUXesircle, Annates
isfamrteqiqsr 17 (1981): 343-60, ep. 346-48.

58

NI RODUCT ION

- i

50

m100

Fig. 40. Shari' Muhammad 'Ali.

Fhe remains of the mosque of
Qawsun (202), with new
mosque superimposed (U62),
surviving buildings of the
period of Khedive Isma'il (1U63).
new apartment blocks (A), and
the new street alignment (B).

in Cairo of a straight route running east-west through the old town. This road was
started by the French in 1800, extended by Muhammad Ali and 'Abbas from 1845
to 1854, and completed in 1874 by Khedive Ismnail, who continued it up to the desert
east of the city. Even more dramatic was the course of the Shari' Muhammad 'Ali,
which was built in 1873 by [small as an elegant arcaded street two kilometers in
length, linking Azbakiya to the Midan al-Rumayla below the Citadel, with the
madrasa of Sultan Hasan as its foeal point. In such projects, conformity to the rules

of perspective and a regular alignment were essential." The path of the new street
was uncompromising, even slicing through major mosques such as that of Qawsun
(fig. 40)."' Scant vestiges of the original khedival buildings that bordered the
avenue remain, as this street, too, ironically fell victim to Nasserist road-widening
policies initiated in the 1950s."' Not all the planned new avenues of the nineteenth
century were in fact executed, as can be seen from the 1874 map of Pierre Grand."

114 SeeItbert. Note sur IEgypte au XIXe side," 350.

115 For a description, seeAbu-Lughod, Cairo, 112n. 18.

116 Although the project was never completed, it is clear that a reinterpretation of the arcade in a modernist

idiom was intended

117 Pierre-Louis Crand, a French civil engineer, arrived in Egypt in 1868 and was first employed by the
Societe Artonyrme des Eaux do Caire. In 1871 he directed the Department of the Streets of Cairo before
promotion tok him, in 1885, to the post of General Director of Cities and Buildings In the Ministry of
Public Affairs. SeeRsuii des traiangr de ia Socitd desIngriirurs Civils de France (1918), 38.

60

I NTROD UCTION

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Major damage to the urban matrix has also been caused by the construction
of new schools and housing on the sites of private properties that were seques
trated after the 1952 Revolution. These developments, which are designed as
freestanding blocks, have been harmful from an architectural and urbanistic
perspective, however necessary they may be deemed to be from a social or edu
cational viewpoint. The new blocks, which conform to standard model, destroy
the continuity of streets and create empty wastelands around them. Their design
exhibits the worst characteristics of modernist object-buildings, eradicating large
areas of the old urban fabric."' In its scale, the most spectacular example of such
a development is the modern campus of al-Azhar University to the east of the
eponymous mosque. In the 1950s, the existing network of streets was demolished
to make way for the new campus structures (fig. 41a). A few registered monu
ments (the mosque of al-Ghurayib [no. 448], the qa'a al-Ghannamiya [no. 961,
and the house of Zaynab Khatun [no. 771) were retained from the preexisting pat
tern, and these buildings now stand, forlorn and deprived of their original con
text, in a largely alien environment. Other historic buildings were simply demol
Fig. 41b. Maq'ad of the
demolished house of Shaykh
al-Sayim (437). Photographer
unknown, ca. 1930. Comitt
archive, No photographs
are known to survive of the
other demolished buildings
in this area.

ished, including four previously registered Ottoman monuments (the house of

Shaykh al-Sayim, the sabil of 'Uthman 'Abdallah, the sabil of 'Ayesha alSutuhiya, and the Bab al-Khala).
Given such violations of the integrity of the historic center of the city, it is
instructive to examine the position of the Comit6 prior to 1952 and its reactions
to what were often irresistible external pressures for change. Cognizance of the
value of the historic city as an integral sum of many parts was implicit from
the beginning of the Comites attempt to record and maintain the monuments
of the city. This concern was made explicit only much later, however, by
Edmond Pauty, the chief of the Comitt's Technical Bureau, in a number of pub
lished reports. These took as their axiom the principle that the city itself was
the primary historic monument to be protected."' Pauty was also an advocate
for a more sophisticated approach to the registration of historic buildings by
area, a more qualitative assessment of the building stock, and a more refined
system of conservation interventions. His approach was never fully acted upon.
In 1979, the recognition of the historic city of Cairo as an artifact worthy of
protection was given by UNESCO, which included it in the World Heritage site

122 See discussion in C.Row and F. Koetter, Collage City (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1983), 50-85.

123 SeeE.Pauty, Rapport gen*ral sur la dtfense de l'ancienne vile du Caie et desmonuments
historiques arabes et copies," BCCMAA (1927-29); 170-84. 1hereport was revised and subsequently
appeared with the title 'La defense deI ancienne ville du Caire et deses monuments," in B!FAO 31
(1931): 135-76. and later under the title 'Rapport sur ]a protecrion de Iancienre ville." inBCCMAA
(1933-35): 210-14.

62

INTRODUCTION

77: House of Zaynab Khatun

(isolated from context);
96: madrasat al-Ghannamiya
(isolated from entrance

[26)
97: mosque of al-Azhar
(Bab al-Shurba (A)
deprived of context)
(437): house of Shaykh alSaylm [demorished)
(447): sabil-ktab of tthman
Abdalish Roget
al-Qamh (demolished);
448: mosque and sabil of

Shaykh Muhammad

al-Ghurayib (isolated

from context);

(506): sabil-kutted of Ayesha

al-Sutuhiya
(demolished);
(551): Bab al-lKhala ai-arafa
[al-Ghurayib]

demolished

Fig. 41a. Area of the al-Azhar University campus with post-[ 950 development (demolished
streets and buildings are shuwn dashed). Numbers in parentheses indicate deregistered monuments.

lisl.'" The citation does not, however, define the physical area of the city con
sidered so worthy of protection. s
Numerous examples serve to illustrate the Comite approach to the problem of
what to do with registered monuments that stood in the way of urban change. In
general terms this was to rescue the artifact by dismantling and reconstructing it
elsewhere, an approach that could be adopted for smaller buildings but that was
unfeasible for larger ones, of which only isolated pieces were saved. The same exam
ples also demonstrate the Comit's attitude toward urban planning and aesthetic
issues. In many ways this approach set a conservation precedent for the more spec
tacular Nubian Campaign of the 1950s and 1960s, when monuments were routine
ly sawn up and transported great distances before being reassembled. Four areas are
selected here for detailed examination: the Midan al-Husayn, the area immediately
outside the Bab Zuwayla, the northern walls, and the area of the former canal (the
Khalig al-Masri, now Shari' Bur Said) at its junction with Shari' al-Azhar.'
Midan al-Husayn
Of the early structure of the mosque of al-Husayn, only the Ayyubid minaret and gate
beneath it (the Bab al-Akhdar) survive (no. 28, AH 549-634 / AD 1154-1237). The bulk
of the neo-Gothic/1slamic mosque was built in the 1870s under royal patronage, and
this was extended in matching style during the 1950s. This latter extension blocked
the Bab al Akhdar from use as a through route under the minaret (in a design parallel
to that of the minaret of Salih Negm al-Din Ayyub in the Bayn al-Qasrayn). Such a
passage between urban blocks was in any case rendered obsolete by the progressive
removal of the blocks themselves after 1920 (see figs. 42a and 42b). A number of
other registered monuments were also affected by the clearance in the area, notably
the sabil-kuttab of Isma'il ibn Ahmad/al-Maghlawi/al-Manawi (no, 57, AN 1068 /

AD

1657), the sabil al-Bazdar (no. 27, eleventh century AK / seventeenth century AD), the
hammam al-'Adawi (formerly no, 567, thirteenth century AK / nineteenth century
a house in the waqf of al-Haramayn (formerly no. 400, twelfth century AN /
eighteenth century AD), and the khan al-Zarakisha (no. 351, ca. AN 915 / AD 1509).
Clearance in the area began in the 1920s in order to provide an eastern terminus
AD),

for the tramway running from Ataba to al-Azhar. It was continued during the 1930s

Fig. 42b. Photographs of the

Bab al-Akhdar before (top) and after
clearance from the K.A.C. Creswell
archive. Rare Books and Special
Collections Library, the American
University in Cairo. The view and
passageway is now blocked by later
mosque of
additions to

(26 October 979); see Rcport otthe Rappurteur

124 The World Hitage List Noinationfle fr Cabm
on the Third Session of the World Onage Commtee, no, C-791C0NE003/1 130 November 1979),
125 SeeUNESCO, Iattrahoal Svmpasiui on the Restoration and Conservation of rtlam Cin Pris:
UNESCO World Heritage Centre Working Document, 2002). 3-6 and 5 n. 3,This document also lists
all repors and studies or fliktodc Cairn carried out Fron 1979 To2002 by UNESCO and the ONOP.
126 For detailed retenes to the individual buildings died inthe rollewing discussion, seethe especlive

64

in the accompanying descriptive catalogue

rudetalernencet
oe

INTRODUCTION

27: sc it al-Bazdar
(moved from 27A);
28: gateway and minaret
of the mosque of alHusayn [the gateway
[Bab al-Akldar]
isolated from its
context);
57, sabif-kuttab of Isma'l
ibn Ahmad (moved
from 57A);
97. mosque of al-Azhar
(demolished ablutions
area and north gate
of Claytbay shown
dotted on plan):
351: khan al-Zarakisha;
(400); montd in the waqf
or al-Haramayn
(demolished);
(567); hammom al-'Adawi
(demolished).

S~

Fig. 42a. Midan al-Hiusayn showing post-1950 development (demolished streets and buildings are shown dashed).
Numbers in parentheses indicate deregisiered monuments.

in the area between the mosques of al-Husayn and al-Azhar, where these buildings
were located. In 1931, the Comite decided to move the sabils to nearby sites that were
agreed on with the Ministry of Public Works (Tanzim), and this was finally accom
plished in 1936. The process of transfer cannot have been an easy one, as is apparent

from an examination of the plans of the sabil al-Bazdar before and after it was moved.
Not only was the sabil part of a much later mosque that was 'left behind' in the move,
but it also did not fit the plot assigned to it and so, to deal with the problem, a sec
ondary portal was reoriented at right angles to the main faQade whereas previously it
had been contiguous with it (fig. 42c). The reconstruction of the sabil-kutlab oflsmail

ibn Ahmad follows a rigidly orthogonal plan (which is unlikely to have been original),
in a laudable attempt to provide for the reuse of the building as a school (fig. 42d).
Needless to say, the original water-cisterns under both these buildings were also aban
doned in the move, although (whether by chance or design is unclear) the buildings

were reconstructed in roughly the same orientation with respect to the cardinal points
and to each other. The transfer also resulted in great confusion as at sometime during
the process the registration numbers (27 and 57) were swapped: the true identity of
each building can only be identified by reference to old drawings in the archives of
the Comite and a study of the foundation inscription on one of the sablis. As for the

bathhouse, it is present on maps until at least 1950; it remains on the published list of
registered monuments despite the fact that it no longer exists (fig. 42e). Its demolition
is presumed to have occurred in the 1950s with a later enlargement of the square in
front of the mosque of al-Azhar. The same fate attended the house in the waqf of al-

Haramayn (the exact position of which, close to the khan al-Zarakisha, is still
unknown). This house, with its soaring reception room, would undoubtedly have posed
more of a challenge to move (fig. 421). The fagade of the khan al-Zarakisha, by con
trast, was overhauled with new mashrabiya in the 1920s in order to provide an 'eb
Fig. 42g. Photographs of the
faqade of the khan al-Zarakisha
(no. 351) before (top) and after
restoration. RCCMAA. 1936-40,
pl. 20 and pl. 21.

lissement' for the new tram terminus (fig. 42g). The work did not extend to the interi
or of this building, however, which remains derelict to this day. The legacy of these
various piecemeal interventions is an ill-defined urban space, which is cunently the
subject of a new project proposal.:

At al-Azhar itself, the demolition of the ablutions

block, two teaching areas (the riwaq al-Sharqiya dated 1810 and the riwaq al-Hanafiya
dated 182), and a gateway built by Sultan Qaytbay, all of which were located on the
northern side of the mosque, took place after 1988."' This required the construction of a
new faqade facing the midan, which was built in imitation of those constructed in 1897
by Khedive 'Abbas 1l.
127 SeeMinistry of Cltour, Arab Republic of Egypt, Historic Cairn Cair: Supreme Council of Antiquities,
2002), 485-98.
128 These elements are described as intact in V.Setan.Williats and P. Stocks, Blue Guide Egypr (London:
A. A C. Black, 1988), 261.

66

I NTROD UCTI ON

5
0

5m

Fig. 42d. Plan of the sabil-kuttab of [sma'il ibn Ahmad

(no. 57) after transfer, Comit archive.

Fig. 42e. Plans of the sabIl al-Bazdar (no. 27] before (topJ
and after transfer.

-I

..........

5nm

Fig, 42c. Plan and section of the demolished hammam

al-'Adawi (5b7). Comit6 archive.

Fig. 42f. Section of the demolished manzil in the waqf of a]Haramayn (400). BCCMAA, 1909, pl. 11.

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116: mosque of al-Salth

Taea' (isolated from

context);

190: mosque of al-Mu'ayyad

Shaykh;
199: Bab Zuwayla;
203: zowira and sobilof

Farag ibn Barquq

[roved from 203A);

368: facade of the houses of

Munib al-Alayli and
Shaykh al-Gayeti
(demolished);
46: western side of the
qosabo of Radwan Bey
(entrance remodeled);
408: rastem side of the
qsb of Radwan Bey
(entrance remodeled);
(409): northern block of the
qosabo of Radwan Bey
(favades cut back and
partially remodeled).

Mf

Fig. 43a. Area around Bob Zuwayla showing post-t900 development (demolished streets and
buildings are shown dashed). Numbers in parentheses indicate deregistered monuments.

Fig. 43d. Photographs of the

mosque of al-Salih Tala'i before
(right), during (top left) and after
isolation and rebuilding. From
the K.A.C. Creswell archive, Rare
Books and Special Collections
Library, the American University
in Cairo.

extension of the development of Radwan Bey immediately to the west of the zawiya
sabil of Farag ibn Barquq still bears the scars of where it was truncated in 1915; this
section of the building was never officially registered despite being a part of a uni
tary complex. " Fasadism is still a governing principle in current restoration attempts
in the area. In 2002, the entire western side of the Qasaba of Radwan Bey was cleaned
and repaired with certain omissions. No roof was put in place, no electricity or water
supply was installed for the upper floors, and no proposal was made for the struc
ture's reuse and reintegration into the economic life of the city

129 No ewer than threnseparate numbers are used to register the various part of this enmpix, and even
so nal all of the building is regitered.

70

INTRODUCTION

The Northern Walls

Major clearance of the area outside the northern walls of the city, dating to the Fatimid
and Ayyubid periods, commenced in the 1940s (see fig. 44c). K.A.C. Creswell was one
of the prime movers of this project, which aimed to strip the walls of later accretions.
BAB

L-rLTOliL-i

Lmt!31

Sacrifices were inevitable, and these included two adjacent

registered Ottoman-period stictures: the sabit of Salim

Agha (formerly no. 429, All 1166 / AD 1753) built next to

the Bab al-Nasr and the mosque of 'Ayesha il-Sutuhiya
(formerly no. 558, before AR 1169 / AD 1755) constructed
by 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda immediately outside the Bab
al-Futuh. Plans to clear the area around this gate had been

proposed as early as 1889. A later project envisioned the

Bab al-Futub sitting within a sunken symmetrical garden
with access roads cut through the walls to either side of it
If this had been executed, the gate would have lost its func
tion and become a large garden ornament (fig. 44b).
Subsequent demolition was not, however, limited to the
area outside the walls. To the west of the Bab al-Futuh, a
cordon sanitaire was created within the walls during the
1950s, and to the east of the Bab al-Nasr the same was
accomplished in 2000. This act of separation has resulted
in the large-scale reconstruction of the wall in modem
masonry and has effectively destroyed any authentic rela
tionship it once had with the city behind it. A small coda
to the policy of isolation initiated in this area during the
1940s is provided by the fate of a late-Mamluk mau

Fig. 44b, Unexecuted project for the

isolation of Bab al-Futh. Comit4
archive.

soleum with a masonry dome that was attached to the

entrance of the mosque of al-Hakim (fig. 44c): the man
soleum of Qurqumas (no. 170, AR 917 / AD) 1511). In 1983,
the demolition of this tomb was unexpectedly commenced by the Shi'a Bohra sect, an Isma'ili group that had embarked on the restora
tion of the mosque of al-Hakim, in an attempt to clear the entrance facade of
'encumbrances.' Following an intervention by the Antiquities Service, the 'offending'
tomb was removed and rebuilt on virgin ground in the northern cemetery."
130 The pro.ot was rejected by the comite, See BCCMAA 1B89: 34-35.
131 For the conceplual clash between nrstorations inspired by religious belief and those deemied acceptable
to the intemational conservation ommunily, seep. Sinders. The Contest over Context: Fatimid Cairo
in the Twentieth Cenury" in LA. Bierman ed.. Text and Conren, in Islamir Socierti: Sraentr Cstrgio
Levi deil Vida Confrnce Papers (London: Ithaca Press, 2004), 123 41.

72

INTRODUCTION

Fig: 43e. Top; Photograph of the entrance to the qasabo of Radwan Bey after disengagement; bottom: Elevation of the modified northern
faqade of the eastern and western blocks of the qasaba of Radwan Bey (kfi), and elevation of the new eastern facade of the northern
block. Comitd archive.

6: Bab al-Futuh;
7: Babal-Nasr;
9: wikoloof Gaytbay
(upper stories rebuilt)
15: mosque of al-Hakim;
(170): mausoleum of
Ourqumas (moved to
eastern cemetery);
352: Northern Walls (clear
ance and rebuilding)l
(429): sabiof Salim Agha
(demolished);
(558): mosque of Ayesho alSutuhiya (demolished).

-ef

Fig. 44a. Area around the Northern Walls showing post-1900 development (demolished streets and buildings
are shown dashed). Numbers in parentheses indicate deregistered monuments.

Fig. 44c. The sabil of Salim

Agha before demolition
(this page top); the area inside
the Bab al-Futuh showing
the domed mausoleum of
Ourqumas before removal
(bortom); the exterior of the
Northern Walls before
(facing page top) and after
[bottom) clearance in the
1940s. All photographs from
the K.A.C. Creswell archive,
Rare Books and Special
Collections Library, the
American University in Cairo.

74

I NTRODUCTION

1RRANISM

75

Shari' Bur Said

The Khalig al-Masri, the course of which is followed by the present-day ShariQ aur
Sa'id, was substantially filled in by Khedive Isma'il in the 1870s. The buildings that
flanked it were not completely demolished, however, until the 19150s. Casualties
included a famous Ottoman-period house, the Bayt al-Mufti, the exact location of
which remains unknown (fig. 45d]."' The ribat al-Zayni (no. 141), constructed by
the qadi Yahya Zayn al-Din in All 856 / AD 1452, shared a similar fate. Another
mosque (no. 182, All 848 / AD 1444) built by the same founder slightly to the south

of his ribat had a different future. The Comitb began working on this building
between 1884 and 1897, initially disengaging it from its surrounding context. The

disengagement required the creation of a partially new northern fasade and an

entirely new southern faiade, which went through many permutations before a
final design was selected for construction (figs. 45b and 45c). In the early 1950s, a
nineteenth-century sabil (the sabil of Umm Husayn Bey, dating from Alt 1270 / AD
1853) was rebuilt on the mosque's western side, having been relocated there from
a nearby site on the Shari' Bur Said (fig. 45d). The third major historic structure in
L

7,

area was a mosque constructed by 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda: the mosque of

al-Hifni (formerly no. 451, AH 1172 / AD 1759). Only the faiade ofthis building was

,this

'registered

(fig. 45d); the Comite subsequently declassified it and allowed demolition

proceed. When initially approached by the Tanzim about the fate of all three of
these buildings, the Comite was determined to save them in situ: it must be deemed
a success that two of the three were saved, even if one of them had to be moved.

Lto

Fig. 45b. Plans of the Mosque of Oadi

It is unlikely that the present situation of these two structures, which are today

Yahyni)

marooned on a traffic island surrounded by flyovers, could have been anticipated.

Other examples of the reconstruction of buildings call be discovered from a

iatalin beore

additon of the

sabit

(iand

ter

or Um
lini usayn

on the northwestern corner. Comite and

SCA archives.

detailed perusal of the archives of the Comitt. The sabil of Hasan Agha Arzingan
(no. 420, Alt 1246 / AD 1830] located on Shari' Taht al-Rab' was moved in the 1950s
(fig. 46). The sabil-kuttab of Sitt Saliha (no. 313. Al 1154 / AD 1751), was set back

from its position on Shari' Bur Sa'id during the same period. Lest it be thought that
such treatment was reserved exclusively for sabils, there is the case of the mau

soleum of Ahmad Pasha Tahir (no. 565, before All 1233 / A) 1817), which was
moved from near Sayyida Zaynab to its present location in 1951.'" The portal of
the wikain of Qawsun (no. 11, before AH 742 / Al) 1341), the first wikala built in

Cairo, was saved when the entire building fell victim to a road-widening project
(which was subsequently abandoned), and rebuilt on a new alignment (fig. 47).

132 SeeBCCMAA (1912) (appendix to [fse. 29): 119-20, with accompanying photoe. for a historical
description by Max Hery. of this intriguing building.
133 At about the Sametime, a smaller Mauluk tnhtl of Gamal al Din In Darb al-Sa'ada) was meed to
tIe garden of the Bay, al-Sibayrni. SeeBCCMAA 1946-53t: 419-20,

76

NTRODUCION

182: mosque of Gad Yahya

Zayn al-Din (isolated
from context);
184: mosque of Abdal-Ghani
al-Fakhri;
(451). facade of the mosque
of al-Hifnir (demolished];
U36: shil of Umm Husayn

(moved from U36A).

Fig. 45a. Junction of Shari' Bur Said and Shari' al-Azhar showing demolished blocks (dashed) and new flyovers
(dotted and dashed). Numbers in parenthescs indicate deregistered monuments.

Fig, 45c. Proposals for at

orthern elevton
of the mosque of QudiYaha Zay: il-nn (taop
design built]. Comitc archive.

Fig. 45d. Top to bottom:

Photograph of the sabil

of Umii Husayn before transfer.
RCCMAA, 1946-53, pl. 8.

Photograph of the facade of the

mosque of al-Hifni prior to demolition.
Comnite archive.

The interior of the Bayt al-Mufi. This famous

house, now demolished, is known to have
been located in the area of Shari Bur Said
adjacent 10 Shari' al-Azhar. Photographer
unknown (late nineteenth century). Private

collection.

. rr

100 m

50

Fig. 46. Plan showing the relative

positions of the sabil of Hasan Agha
Arringhan (420) before (A) and after
(B) transfer.

Most recently, in 1997. the zawiya of 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda at Magharbellin

(no. 214, AH 1142 / AD 1729) was completely dismantled and rebuilt on the same
site but at a higher level.
The displacement of entire buildings is one manner in which their historical
and topographical authenticity can be compromised. The isolation of buildings
deemed to be monuments from their immediate surroundings is another. A con
centration on the representational apparatus of the fagade in preference to the
structural integrity, servicing, and function of a building has less drastic, but more
insidious, effects. One example of this is the fart that few sewers have been

installed beneath the streets in the historic center; doing so would usefully con
tribute to the lowering of the fatally high water table that adversely affects all the
buildings in the area." The stripping of accumulated historical layers, on the scale
of individual buildings as well as entire neighborhoods, can sometimes be
justified. When practiced without discrimination, however, this process inevitably

134 At the

time of going to pret, a mqjor sewage infrastructure project for the Fatimid center has been
inilated by the Egyptian government.

URBANISM

79

50

100 m

Fig. 47. Plan showing the

relative positions of the portal
of the wikala of Qawsun
(11)before (A) and after 1B)
transfer.

Opposite:
Photograph of the portal
of the wikala of Qawsun
before isolation and
transfer. Cornite archive.

leads to an impoverishment of experience on many levels. Two of these are the

architectural and the urban. The post-1950 changes and additions to the urban
landscape of Cairo may be said to facilitate traffic flow and to provide a frame
work for improved social housing or education. They cannot, however, be seen as
successful attempts at integration with the traditional morphology and architecture
of the historic center. Nor are they representative of sophisticated urban planning
concepts or high standards of architectural design. Furthermore, if trades that
have in many cases been practiced on the same spot for hundreds of years are
relocated, this will damage forever the broader cultural milieu of the historic city.
Let us hope that an evolving policy for the retention of nondestructive trades will
be adopted, thus keeping the city a vital, energetic place. With so many buildings
designated as monuments already lying empty and locked, there is a manifest risk
that the historic city could become a shell, populated solely by tourists and those
that cater to them. It is now time to appreciate that Cairo is not just a sum of its
monuments hut a dynamic organism that requires knowledge and use of the past
to create a meaningful future.

80

INTRODUCTI ON

UoNag

4I

/4

MI
.4.
..

..

i'

Note on Sources, Cartography,

and Architectural Drawings

Sources

he "Index to Mohammedan Monuments Appearing on the Special 1:5000

Scale Maps of Cairo" (Cairo: Survey of Egypt, 19471 provided the main
listing of registered monuments within the area encompassed by the map
sheets and included in the descriptive catalogue. This was supplemented
with information from an unpublished list of deregistered monuments produced
by the Egyptian Antiquities Organisation in 1951. Where recent scholarship has
indicated that the attributions of the monument's name or date in the published
index are erroneous, a revised listing has been made and the change noted.
Attention is also drawn to the publication by the Supreme Council of Antiquities
in 2000 of a new listing (in Arabic) of registered monuments. This was used to
determine which buildings were legally registered as monuments since the publi
cation of the 1947 Index.
The Bulletins du Comird de Conservation des Monuments de I'Art Arabe are an
essential companion to any serious study of the Islamic architecture of Cairo.
Published from 1883 to 1961, they contain a wealth of information about the histories
and restorations of nearly all the registered monuments included in the Monuments
of Historic Cairo.This series has no comprehensive index. For Bulletin references
prior to 1910, an index was published by Max Herz in 1914, which is referred to
as a key for earlier references. Another important and complementary index was
published by Achille Patricolo in the Bulletin for the years 1915-19. While every
attempt has been made to collate the most important references to particular buildings
within all the Bulletins, it is likely that many passing or global references have been
omitted. Unless otherwise noted, the first edition of each Bulletin has been referenced,
Since the completion of the Map, the Bulletins of the Comit6 have been made available
to researchers in digital form on-line (http://www.islamicart.org/comitte/Comite.asp).
This will undoubtedly facilitate future work in this field.

82

NOTE

ON SOURCES

A not4 of warning should be sounded about the vagaries of the Comiti sys
tem of registration. Not only do buildings have multiple names (often bearing no
relation to one another), but they are frequently registered by element (e.g.,
fagade only). Definitions have in many cases clearly changed or been extended
since the time of the Comit6, and an attempt has been made to bring the listings
in line with what survives on the ground of the original historic fabric of these
structures. The overlapping terminology used to describe them (e.g., 'mosque' or
'madrasa, 'sabil' or 'sabil-kuttab') has been modified for consistency, although this
falls short of being in any way comprehensive. Since survey work was completed
in 2000, the number of ongoing restoration projects in Cairo has increased dra
matically. Further changes are also apparent in the urban fabric. It has not been
possible to update all of the catalogue entries for individual buildings to reflect
their current condition, nor alter the map sheets to reflect the present condition
on the ground.
Also deserving of special mention are the large number of unpublished master's
theses in the Rare Books and Special Collections Library of the American University
in Cairo deriving from the university's graduate program in Islamic Art and
Architecture. These provide a great deal of useful reference material about particular
buildings, periods, typologies, and urban areas.

Cartography
The main cartographic sources utilized for the maps of Historic Cairo are;
The 1:500 Cadastral Series produced by the Egyptian Survey Authority from
1933 to 1960, with some later revisions. These provided the basic plot outlines
for the area included in The Monuments of Historic Cairo. A complete list of
these maps appears below, and the relevant part of their key plan is reproduced in
the introduction (pl. 11).
The 1:1000 Series produced by the Egyptian Survey Authority in several edi
tions. The first edition, in color, dates from 1912 and comprises some 150 sheets
covering the bulk of the urban area to the east of the Nile. Subsequent editions (in
black and white from 1925-31) extended this coverage. These maps provided supple
mentary information on the position of now destroyed urban fabric and demolished
monuments as well as cemetery areas, A key plan of these maps is illustrated in the
introduction (fig. 12).
The 1:5000 Series produced from aerial photographs by the Consortium SFS/EGN
France in 1977-78, for Egypt's Ministry of Housing and New Communities. These
maps (specifically, nos. 1 14, 1 15, J 14, J 15) were used to locate the positions of
major new buildings, such as schools and apartment blocks, within the fabric of the
historic city. They also provided the spot heights that appear on the map.
The 1:5000 Map of Mohammedan Monuments of Cairo, first edition (Cairo:
Survey of Egypt, 1924), and second edition (Cairo: Survey of Egypt, 1950).
CARTOGRAPHY

83

These sources were supplemented with some detailed surveys of smaller

areas carried out by the Arab Bureau of Consultants (Shari al-Azhar and Midan
al-Husayn), the Ecole d'Architecture de Versailles (Khan Abu-Takiya and al-Ghuri),
and Caravan Consultants (Darb al-Ahmar and Darrasa).
As none of the above sources were in themselves comprehensive or current, an
amalgam of them was created in an attempt to represent best the nature of the his
toric city, both past and present.

Architectural Drawings
Each map sheet displays a combined magnetic north and qibla bearing. The qibla
bearing that is employed here is 135 degrees east of magnetic north (the correct
bearing for Cairo). No attempt has been made to differentiate the numerous other
qibla directions used in the city during different historical periods.
All the registered monuments that appear on the map have plans drawn in solid
black, whether they are included in the 1947 Index or were subsequently registered.
In the latter case, these monuments appear in the U-prefix series of numbers.
Deregistered monuments are shown, where they survive, in outline: a convention
shared with unregistered monuments. Demolished structures whose plans are
known are shown in dashed lines. Not all the buildings shown on the map are
represented in ground plan: sometimes the first-floor plan of a building is more
revealing of its general orientation, and so it is the significant plan level that has
been chosen for representation. Very occasionally, a plan is split to show both
ground floor and first floor, for example the mosque of Sulayman Agha (no. 382).
A wide variety of sources was used for the plans of individual buildings that
appear in the map. The principal source was published information, supplemented
by plans from the archives of the Supreme Council for Antiquities (SCA). These
archives date from the period of the Comitd; they have been supplemented with sur
vey information of more recent date provided by the Architects' Department with
in the SCA. All the plans have been checked for general accuracy and updated
where necessary. Many individuals have contributed specific plans, and all sources
are fully acknowledged in the descriptive catalogue that accompanies the map.
Where no published or archival plans of buildings existed, individual surveys
were carried out. In most cases this consisted of tape surveys, but occasionally
theodolite surveys were also used (as for the eastern city-walls).

84

NOTE

ON SOURCES

The drawings for the map were executed in pen and ink on thirty-one polyester
film sheets of AC (841 x 1189 mm) size at a scale of 1:500. They are reproduced at
a scale of 1:1250. The key to the representation of individual features on the draw
ings is given on page 252.
The main sources for published plans have been;

for religious and defensive architecture before the Ottoman period:

Creswell, K. A. C. 1952. The Muslim Architecture of Egypt, 1: Jkhshids and

Fatimids, AD 939-1171. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

- 1959. The Muslim Architecture of Egypt, 2: Ayyubids and Early Bahrite

Mamliuks, AD 1171-1326. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
for domestic architecture:

Maury, B., A. Raymond, 1. Revault, and M. Zakariya. 1983. Palaiset maisons du

Caire: 2. Epoque ottomane (XVIe-XVIlle sidcles). Paris: CNRS.

Maury, B., J. Revault, M. Zakariya, and 1.-C. Garcin. 1982. Palaiset maisons du

Cairc: 1 Epoque mamelouke (XIlle-XVIe sikles). Paris: CNRS.

for the Mamluk period in general;

Meinecke, M. 1992. Die mamlukische Architektur in Agypten und Syrien

(648/1250 his 923/1517). 2 vols. ADAIK, Islamische Reihe 5. Glickstadt:

J. J. Augustin.
Kessler, C. 1971. Swrvey and Documentation of the Domed FuneraryArchitecture
of Mamluk Cairo:DepositCopies of Plans and Photographs.Washington, D.C.:
The Smithsonian Institution (a duplicate set of these plans and documents Is in
the holdings of the Rare Books and Special Collections Library of the American
University in Cairo).

ARCHITECTURAL

DRAVINGS

85

Descriptive Catalogue

Catalogue numbers through no. 619 are equivalent to the

monument numbers published in the Index of Monuments, as
amended over time by the Conmit de Conservation des
Monuments de I'Art Arabe (the last English edition of the
Index was published in 1951; the last Arabic edition of the
Index was published in 2002 by the Supreme Council of
Antiquities [SCA]). Numbers in parentheses designate regis
tered monuments that have been formally removed from the
Index or that are no longer extant in the form that warranted
their original inclusion. Items with a U-prefix (which follow
no. 619) designate unregistered buildings (in a few instances,
these are monuments that have been registered after 1951
without a number). Observations on the condition of the
monuments, by and large, date prior to 2001. A list of the
abbreviations used in this catalogue can be found on p.194

3
Mausoleum and minaret of Abu'1 Ghadanfar
AH552 and 867 / AD1157 and 1462
The site of this building was originally a Fatimid
Mapsheet mashhad for Sayyid Mu'ad (Sidi Ma'az), who died in
AD907 The site was subsequently built on by the
amir AbuI Ghadanfar, who added a madrasa in
1157. All that remains from this date is the stuccoed-brick
minaret, which manifests a transition from Fatimid to Ayyubid
styles; the adjacent tomb of the saint is a fifteenth-century
Mamluk addition, built of brick. There is one inscription in kufic

over the entrance to the tomb and another mounted on the

wall.
Stone walls lying to the west of the tomb may date
qibla
from the earlier period of construction. The mosque that stands
to the south of these structures ismodern.
Plan: SCAArchive

References Creswell 1918, 65-66; Creswell 1952, 274; Behrens-Abouseif

1987, 61; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 218; Minecke 1992,
ii:1D8, 39D Sayyid 1998, 662-64
Listing and conservation Herz 1914 [1882-1910], xxxill, 9CCMAA 1913,
1915-19, 38-39, 432, 445, 464, 585, 618
106; BCCMAA

6
Bab al-Futuh
AH480 / AD1087

This gate, together with its counterpart the Bab

Map
al-Nasr (no. 7) and the section of wall between them
(no. 352), was built by the Fatimid vizier Badr alGanali in AD1087. He moved the line of the original
enclosure wall for the city of al-Qahira (built by Gawhar al-Siqilli
in 969) out to its present position and employed stone for its
construction rather than the bricks used by his predecessor
The Bab al-Futuh ('the Gate of Conquests') is a masterpiece
of stonework and decorative detail, which has been exhaus
tively described by Creswell (1952). The ground level around
the gate has risen considerably since its construction, leading
to a false impression of its original vertical scale. The gate
itself, as well as the section of wall between it and the Bab alNasr, was restored between 2001 and 2003; urban clearance
has taken place in the area immediately outside and a protec
tive fence installed. A small, unidentified saint's tomb is built
within the doorway on its eastern flank. A round tower and a
square stone tower containing a vast vaulted chamber, both
built by Badr al-Gamali, are situated to the west of the gate.
These towers are classified separately under no. 352.
sheet

Plan. Creswell 1952, 177

Refercnces: Creswell 1919, 54; Creswell 1952, 176-81 Seton-Williams
and Stocks 1988, 229; Behrens-Abousei 1969, 67-71; Bierran
199B, 73, 79, 93, 105, 124; Sayyid 199B, 152-54; 405-17; Blair
1999, 115
Listing and conservaton:BCCMAA 1889, 34-35; BCCMAA 1B90, 90-91,
BCCMAA 1893 (2nd ed.), 17; BCCMAA 1895, 97, 119; BCCMAA
1896. 58, 121-22; BCCMAA 1899, 69: BCCMAA 1900, 86: BCCMAA
1901, 66-67, 103; BCCMAA 1908, 53, 75: BCCMAA 1909. 10-11,
105-6, 136; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 55-56; BCCMAA 1911,65;
BCCMAA 1912, 77, 82-83; BCCMAA 1925-26, 122, BCCMAA
1930-32, 2; BCCMAA 1936-40, 288, 339; BCCMAA 1941-45, 14,
34, 52, 71, 83, 8, 92, 126, 151,161, 165, 206, 263, 290, 320, 340,
362, BCCMAA 1946-53, 12, 33, 46, 63, 86, 107-10. 194, 244, 278,
325 SCA2002, 61-62

87

7
Bab al-Nasr
AH480 / AD1087
Map sheet The Bab aI-Nasr ('the Gate of Victory') is architec
turally distinguished from its counterpart, the Bab
11
al-Futuh (no 6), by having square rather than
rounded towers. It was originally named the Bab
al-lzz ('the Gate of Glory') but soon came to known as the Bab
al-Nasr after the counterpart gate in Cairo's first wall (now
demolished) built by Gawhar al-Siqilli some two hundred
meters to the south of the present emplacement. The same
persistence of an older nomenclature applied to the Bab alFutuh, which was originally called the Bab al-lqbal ('the Gate
of Prosperity'), but reverted to the name of the previous gate
built by Gawhar.
The square towers that flank the gate are decorated with
heraldic shields carved in stone. A white marble inscription in
kufic of the Shia' shohoda (a very public proclamation of the
Fatimid faith) is mounted above the portal.
The gate was restored by the Comit4 at various times, and
the latter organization also cleared the area outside the gate in
the 1940s, removing the registered sabil of Salim Agha (no.
[429). The SCA undertook an extensive restoration of the Bab
al-Nasr in 2001, which is yet to be completed at the time of
writing. This has so far resulted in the replacement of many
masonry elements.
Plan'Creswell 1952, 167
References- Creswell 1919, 53; Creswell 1952, 166-76, Seton-Aillars and
Stocks 19a8, 226, Bchrens-Abouserf 1989, 67-71; Bierman 1998, 73,
103, 124, 154 n 7: Sayyid 1998, 152-54, 399-405
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1887-88, 39; BCCMAA
1s9, 60-61,
8CCMAA 1893 (2nd cd), 17, 49, 63-64, SCCMAA 1894, 45; BCCMAA
1899, 69; BCCMAA 1900, 27-28, 65; CCMAA 1901,10,21,49, 77;
BCCMAA 1902, 40, 104, 113, 131; BCCMAA
1905, 55-56, 110 8CCMAA 1906, 32-33, 49, 55; BCCMAA 1907, 71,93, BCCMAA 1909,
29-30, Hern 1914 [1882-1910], 132; BCCMAA
1911,65; BCCMAA
1912, 82, BCCMA 1915-19, 328, 387, BCCMAA 1930-32, 43; BCCMAA 1936-40 287, 339, CCMAA 1941-45, 14, 52, 83, 86, 126, 151,
208, 290, 320, 340, 362; BCCMAA 1946-53, S, 12,29, 31,33, 46, 63,
06, 107-11, 194, 278, 325, SCA2002, 59-60, 323-28

9
Wikala of Qaytbay
AH8835 / AD1480
Of the numerous commercial foundations Sultan
Qaytbay is known to have established in Cairo, only
this example and another near the mosque of alAzhar (see no, 75) survive in a form that indicates
their former scale and grandeur, This three-story wikala, locat
ed immediately inside the Bab al-Nasr, also bears the name 'alQutn' Originally endowed by Qaytbay for the support of the
poor in the city of Medina, it narrowly escaped demolition in
1906. The fagade has many fine details, notably a trilobed por
tal with marble inlay and a carved wooden inscription band
running above the shops on the ground floor. The building's
Map sheet
18

88

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

interror and eastern fagade were restored (incompletely)

between 1937 and 1938, and the former isnow derelict.
Plon SCAArchive
References Creswell 1919, 144-45; Panty 1936, 30-31, Raymond and Wiet
1979, 242 (no, 12) and 290 (no, 295), Aalund 1980, 39, Sayed 1987a,
210-15, ibrahim 1984 fig 3), Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 226;
Meinecke 1992, 11.420-21
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1892, 94-95 (classification); BCCMAA
1901, B9,BCCMAA 1902, 33-34, 147-49 (historical notice); SCCMAA
1905, 66, SCCMAA 1906, 32 (threatened demolition), BCCMAA 1907,
122-23, BCCMAA
1908, 67, 75-76 BCCMAA 1909, 43-44, 59-60;
Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 87, BCCMAA 1915-19, 156, 475, 574, 685,
700 709, 740, 763, 773; BCCMAA
1920-24, 23, 94, 97-98, 154, 255,
257-59, 337, 360; BCCMAA 1925-25, 17, 38, 105, BCCMAA 1927-29,
92, 95, 187, 215; BCCMIAA
1930-32, 16, 60, Panty 1931b, 154 n. 3,
8CCMAA 1936-40, 15, 53, 57, 104, 287, 333, BCCMAA 1941-45, 16,
26, 43-44, 60, SCA2002, 165-68

10
Mausoleum of Ahmad al-Qasid
Ca.AH 735 / AD1335
This mausoleum is a tiny stone cube with a rib
and-fillet plastered-brick dome, at the base of

which is an inscription band. Adjacent to the tomb

is a small zawiya, which is entered through a sim

ple trilobed stone portal. The remains of a geometric carved
stone window grille can be seen above the door.
Map sheet
18

PioniKessler 1971
References Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 225, Meinecke 1992, 11:16B
Listing and conscrvctron: BCCMAA 1902, 65 (classification): Her, 1914
[1682-1910], 9, BCCMAA 1915-19, 735, BCCMAA 1933-35, 130,133,
1B8.191; BCCMAA 1948-53, 295; SCA2002, 65-57

11
Wikala of Qawsun
Before AH742 / AD1341
Map sheet The first such structure built in Cairo, the wikoaa of
the amir Qawsun was used by Palestinian soap and
coffee merchants during the seventeenth and eigh
teenth centuries, and was called 'the Wikala of
Soap' Nothing of the building, listed in 1901, survives today
except the square-headed doorway, which has a fine blazon on
it (a cup, as Oawsun served as cup-bearer to Sultan al-Nasir
Muhammad). This gate was saved and moved slightly north
from its original emplacement (and raised to current ground
level) when the rest of the building was demolished. The area
behind the gate is now occupied by modern school buildings.
Pan. SCAArchive
References. Creswell 1919, 97 Raymond and Wiet 1979, 291 (no
Aalund 1980, 39, Hanna 1984, 46, Seton-Williams and Stocks
225, Meinecke 1992, 11.191
Lasting and conservation: BCCMAA 1901, 88 (classification), Herz
[1882-1910], 107,BCMAA 1912, 71; BCCMAA 1915-19, 790;
MAA1948-53, 180, 415

304):
1988,
1914
BCC-

(13)
House in the waqf of al-Hatu
Twelfth century (?)AHI Eighteenth century (?)AD
Mapsheet This Ottoman courtyard house, registered in 1896,
was situated in the Darb al-Rashid according to the
18
1924 Map of Mohammedan Monuments It was
demolished prior to 1932.
Plan: None
References: Panty 1933b, 77 (no. 13)
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1896, 122 (classification), BCCMAA
1905, 55, 80, Herz 1914 [18B2-19101, 75

14

Sabil-kuttab of the amir Muhammad

AH 1014 1AD1SC
Mapsheet This sabil-kuttab, which appears in the Description
de ltgypte under the name 'al-Guwwaniya, seems
to have become part of the waqf of Sulayman Agha

al-Silahdar in the nineteenth century (see also Ul

below). The building projects into the street with three fgades
and has its entrance on the northern side. The southern fagade
has a blocked window grille, above which isa dedicatory naskhi
inscription set within a cartouche in an archaizing style. Asim
ilar inscription isto be found on the east fgade The building
also preserves other details such as decorative stone strapwork,
chamfered corners, and marble columns supporting the loggias
of the kuttab. The rafraf, however, is missing.
Plan: SCAArchive
Refcrences: Panty 1936, 23; Raymond 1979a, 245 (no. 121
1891, 104; Herz
Listmg and conservaion- BCCMAA 1890, 99, BCCMAA
1915-19, 791, SCA2002, 60-70
1914 [1882-1910], 160: BCCMAA

built premises (U46) that it occupies (as the Islamic Museum)

to this day. The Comite did much to reveal the true form of

the minarets early in the twentieth century. The mosque

remained largely ruined until major reconstruction took place
in the 1980s directed by the Bohra lsma'ili sect, which rebuilt
all the arcades except for those on the qibla side, covered the
sahn in marble, and remodeled the fagade, Inthe course of
the reconstruction, the mausoleum of Qurqumas (no. 170),
originally situated immediately outside the entrance to the
complex, was dismantled and reconstructed in the precincts
of the funerary complex of Barsbay (monument no. 121) in
the northern cemetery.
Plan*Meinecke 1992, 1.32; Mostafa 1992, 37
References. Creswell 1919, 51-52; Creswell 1952, 65-106: Bloom 1983,
15-36; Behrens-Abouseif 1997, 55-59: Behrens-Abouseif 1989,
63-66; Meinecke 1992, 11.07,339, 376: Seton-diliMMS and Stocks
1988, 231: O'Kane 1999, 141-58; Sanders 1999; Tabbas 2002, 56,
70, 129
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1892, 56, 79-80 IMusee de I'Art
1902, 81-82, BCCMAA 1905,
Arabe); BCCMAA 1900, 55, BCCWAA
56-57, BCCMAA 1906, 17-18, 89-90, 98, 101-2, 108-9; BCCMAA
1907, 21, 35, 50, 64-66, 90-91, 124, BCCMAA 1908, 92, 98; BCCMAA 1910, 78, 125-26; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 72; BCCMAA 1911,
16, 43. 55, 74; BCCMAA 1912,52; BCUMAA 1914, 93, 100, 139; BCCMAA 1915-19, 609; BCCMAA 1920-24, 129: BCCMAA 1925-26, 16,
34, 50, BCCMAA 1927-29, 92, 95, 188: BCCMAA 1930-32, 15-18,
59, 60, 122, 125, 173, 177, 200, 231, Pauty 1931b, 152-53, n, 1,
BCCMAA 1933-35, 25, 33, 37, 92, 95, 157, 171, 179; BCCMAA
1936-40, 268, 27D, 285, 288-89, 292, 297, 300, 307, 309, 312, 325,
327, 342: BCCMAA 1941-45, 27, 33-34, 51, 86, 90, 126. 152, 161,
173, 185, 189, 220, 240, 290, 321, 340, 345, 362, BCCMAA 1946-63,
12, 33-34, 46, 64, 86, 109, 127-30,197, 241-42, 280, 305, 309, 318,
327, 371, 381; C.Williams 1985, 241; C.Williams 2002, 464; Sanders
2004, passim

15
Mosque of al-Hakim
AH380-403 / AD990-1013
congregational mosque was started by
huge
This
Map shee
by his
e the Fatimid khalif al-'Aziz and completed
1
son al-Hakim, who became one of the most noto
rious despots ever to rule Egypt When started,
the mosque occupied land outside the city walls built by
Gawhar aL-Siqilli, but it was subsequently included within
the perimeter of the second set of walls built by Badr ilGamali (see no. 352). The building followed the precedent of
the mosque of Ahmad ibn Tulun (no. 220), being constructed
on the principle of arcades with piers and pointed arches and
with a zlyada, or intermediate space, separating the interior
of the mosque from the city around it. The mosque was
restored after a great earthquake in AD1302 by Baybars alGashankir, who added the mabkharas to the original Fatimid
minaret shafts. Sultan Hasan also restored the mosque in
1359, after which it fell into disuse and served variously as a
prison, stables, fortress, and storehouse. During the last years
of the nineteenth century it became home to Muse de I'Art
Arabe prior to that institution's relocation to the purpose

16
Sabil-kuttab of Qitas Bey
AH1040 / AD1830
Ma

This sabil, built by the amir Qitas Bey, became part

of the waqf of the khanqah of Baybars alGashankir (no. 32) across the street; it is often
referred to by the latter name in the Bulletins. The

sabil is attached to a small wikala (probably the wikalat alTinah), apparently constructed contemporaneously, the remains
of which are indicated on the map The sabil contains a fine
salsabil, with a wooden muqarnas hood. Immediately adjacent
to the sabil is a stone gateway (reconstructed in 2000) leading
to the Darb al-Asfar.
Plan. SCAArchive ( CM PSurvey
References Pauty 1936, 23, Raymond 1979a, 247 (no. 19), Raymond and
Wiet 1979, 394 (no 332); Meineeke and Menecke-Berg 1980,31
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1907, 35; BCCMAA 1908,36-37: BCCMAA 1909, 108-9, 147-48, BCCMAA 1910, 75 (all under the name
Baybars al-Gashankir): Herz 1914 [1882-1910, 38; BCCMAA
1915-19, 786

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

89

17
Sabil-kuttab of Udah Basha
AH 1084 / AD1673

This is atypical Ottoman sabil-kuttab, with decora

tive stone strapwork and a tiled lunette over the

sabil window. It was built by the amir Muhammad

Katkhuda and his brother, the amir Dhulfiqar

Katkhuda, together with a house adjacent to it, and adjoins a

wikala of the same name (no. 19), Pauty (1933a) notes an

inscription attributing the construction of the contemporane

ous attached house to the amir Dlhulfiqar Katkhuda

Mustahfizan. To the north of the sabil-kuttab stands the gate

into the Idarat al-Mabyada (no. 356) with the same date.

Mapsheet

Plan' SCAArchive

References: Pauty 1936, 23, 24; Raymond 1979a, 254-55 (no 40)

Lsting and conservation, BCCMAA 1897, 83-84, Herz 1914 [1882-1910],

136; BCCMAA 1914, 128; BCCMAA 1915-19, 490; Pauty 1933b, 76-77

[no. 6 [attached house]), SCA2002, 171-72

18

Mosque of al-Bakri
Before An 776 / AD1374

This mosque was built by Sultan Hasan's chief

administrator, a Coptic convert to Islam known as

Shams al-Din Shakir, or lbn al-Bakri. The entrance

portal appears to be a Comith reconstruction. Little

of the original cruciform structure of the mosque survives

except the gibla iwan (its ceiling isan Ottoman-period replace

ment), A fine polychrome marble mibrab with falence and

mother-of-pearl inlay, together with a surrounding marble

dado, also survives. A tomb chamber lies adjacent to the

mosque; its occupant is unvenerated.

Map sheet
12

Plan After SCAArchive

References- Creswell 1919, 114, Seton-Willians and Stocks 198, 226,

Meinecke 1992, 11202

Listng and conservation SCCMAA 1887-88,31, BCCMAA

1890, 100-101:

BCCMAA
1892, 54; BCCMAA
1898. 30; BCCMAA 1907. 124-25; Herz

1914 [1882-1910], 28-29, BCCMAA 1915-19, 114-15, 404, 459, 464,

473, 584; BCCMAA 1925-26, 51; BCCMAA 1927-29, 211; BCCMAA

1941-45, 52

19

Wikala of Dhulfiqar (Udah Basha)

Mapshece

AH 1084 /AD 1673

This enormous wikala appears in the waqf of

Sultan al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh, which implies that it

is a reused fifteenth-century foundation. The

faade of the wikala rises three stories above

shops; a stone-vaulted dog-legged entrance, surmounted by a

large mashrablya window on the street side, leads into the

courtyard.The courtyard itself, surrounded by stone arches, is

largely obscured by intrusive structures, but its basic outline

is still discernible.

Plon.Scharab 1978, 146

90

DESC

IPTIVE

CATALOGUE

References:Scharabi 1978, 140-48; Raymond and Wtiet 1979, 268 nou84);

Aalund 1980, 39; Ismail and Salih, 1994

Lsting and conservation BCCMAA 1902, 66 (house), BCCMAA 005, 73

(house); RCCMAA
1909, 9 [house); Herz 1914 [1882-1910],
136: BCC
AM 1915-19, 790; SCA2002, 175-80

20

Palace al-Musafirkhana

AH1193-1203 /AD 1779-88

Map sheet This palace, arranged around a courtyard, was built

by a merchant named Mahmud Muharram, whose
111
mosque (no. 30) islocated nearby. The birthplace of
Khedive Ismail, the building was devastated by a
fire in October 1998 that destroyed all of its outstanding
mashrablya windows and wooden ceilings. Prior to this event,
the palace had been extensively restored by the Comite, which
was initially reluctant to register it owing it its dilapidated
condition. Additional features of interest in the building were

its large malgaf and elaborate hammam. The palace's name, 'al-

Musafirkhana derives from itsuse as a state reception hall

during the nineteenth century.

Plan Maury
al. 1983, 228

References. Pauty 1933b, 59-60, 62, 77 (no. 7); Pauty 1936, 37, Revault

and Maury 1979, Ill:133-68; Maury et al. 1983, 223-36, King 1984,

99-100, 104; Seton-Willinams and Stocks 1988, 220, Jaubert 1995,

202-3, Longeaud 2002, 156, 171

Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1B97, 84-85, BCCMAA 1899, 70-71,

101; BCCMA4A
1903, 30; ier
1914 [1882-1910], 129; BCCMAA

1915-19, 187-90, 604-5, 608, 613, 617, 681, 683-84, 697, 700, 773;

BCCMA4A
1920-24, 27, 96, 362: BCC4AA
1925-26, 16, 50 BCCMAA

1927-29, 92, 95; BCCMAA 1930-32, 60, 177, 199, 260; BCCMAA

1933-35, 4,26,32, 39, 98, 100, 157, 171,179; BCCMAA 1936-40, 71,

341,343-44, 347, 348-49; BCCMAA

1941-45, 14, 129, 181,186. 229,

324; BCCMM 1946-53, 98, 205

21

Sabil-kuttab of 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda

At 1157 /AD1744

This sabil-kuttab isone of the most famous of the

constructions of 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda, an
important seventeenth-century bey and a prolific
builder. The second-story woodwork screen and
balustrade, cantilevered beyond the structural line of the build
ing, and the use of semicircular arches in the fagades set an

important architectural precedent in Cairo. All the materials

employed in its construction are of high quality, and their deco

rative treatments are varied and elaborate. The interior of the

sabil islined with pseudo-lznik blue-and-white tiles and, unusu

ally, includes a tiled mihrab. Also visible is an intact water stor
age area where tanks were filled from the cistern beneath. The

building was restored by the German Institute in the 1980s.

Map sheet

11

Plan. Meinecke 1980a, 94

References. Pauty 1936, 25; Sameh 1946, 28-33; Raymond 1972, 235-51;

Raymond 1979a, 271 (no 85); Meinecke 1980a, 79-86, 93-94,

Meinecke 1980b, 53-55, Hanna 1991, 122-23, Behrens-Abousef

1992a; Bierman 1995, 7; Raymond 1995, 107-10; Denoix et al. 1999,

11,27-28; Raymond 1999, 330-81
Listing and conservation: BCCAAA 1882-83 (2nd edt, 23, 24, 34, 54-55; BCC1904, 54; BCGfAA
MMA1890, 67, 109; BCCMM 1896, 157; BCCMAA
1909, 72; Herz 1914 [1882-1910J, 4. BLCCEA4
1915-19, 818; BCCMAA
1933-35, 140, 143; Meinecke 1980a;
1930-32, 49, 132, 269; BCCMAA
Speiser 1982, 373-79, Speiser 1995, 29, 42-43; Speiser 2001, 113-38

22
Mosque of Aydumur al-Bahlawan
Before AX747 /AD1346
Map sheet This small mosque isentered through a modem ablu
tions court and has an octagonal minaret and ribbed
12
stone dome with inscription band. The founder served
as a provirigeial governor under Sultan al-Salih Ismail
(the son of al-Nasir Muhammad) He was subsequently exiled to
Syria, where he died and is buried. The entrance and northern
fagades are decorated, the latter inset with unusual window
grilles made of wood.
Plan Kessler 1971
References: Creswell 1919, 102, Kessler 1969, 165, Seton-Williams and
Stocks 1988, 21$
Listing and consevation BCCMAA 1886, 3-4, BCCMAA 1887-88, 23,
45-46; BCCMAA 1889, B2, 132; BCCMAA
1890, 107; BCCMAA
1891,
1893 (2nd ed.), 6K 71-72,
7892, 20, 59, 78; BCCM4A4
47-48; SCCMAA
1902, 34,
101-2; BCCMAA
1894,
39,114; BCCIdAA 1896. 19, BCCMAA
63-64, BCCMAA1909, 33; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 11; BCCMAA
1915-19, 785; SCA2002, 141-44

23
Sabil-kuttab of al-Sayyid 'Ali ibn Hayz'
AH1056

/ AD1646

This sabil-kuttab is known also under the names

Map sheet
Husayn Katkhuda al-lzmirli and Amin Effendi.
12
Although built on a corner, the sabil has a single
grille (to the west) for dispensing water:the kuttab
has loggias to the west and south. The main portal, with a plain
arc and strapwork, isalso on the western facade.
Plan SCA Archive
References Pauty 1936, 23; Raymond 19791, 251 (no 32)
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1892, 67, 90, 91, Herz 1914
[1882-1910], 77; BCCMAA 1915-19, 785| BCCMAA 1920-24, 334,
360, BCCMAA 1933-35, 329; SCA2002, 53-54

24
Mosque of Almalik al-Gukandar

castern fagade, a bull's-eye window pierces the building's onginal

ablaq trilobed portal, which is no longer in use today A new
entrance into the mosque, which contains the tomb of Shaykh
lasan al-'Adawi (AD1806-86), was added onto the southern side
of the building, presumably after the adjacent buildings to the
south were destroyed in the general remodeling of the area
around the mosque of al-Husayn. Almalik's mosque has no
minaret and no dome: the founder's tomb is in a single, tunnel
vaulted room at the southeastern corner of the bulding. The
interior is remarkable for its stucco decoration: an inscription
band runs along the walls of the sahn and iwans, and medallions
ornament the western iwan.
Plan, Meinecke 1992, I64
References*Creswell 1919, 95; Hanna 19B4,12; Burgoyne 1987, 30B-9 (for
biography); Seton-Wiiliarns and Stocks 1988, 218, Hanamsy 1992,
50-51; Meinecke 1992, 11:124,
UOKane
2000, 159
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1892, 66, BCCMAA 1894, 100-101,
114-15: Hera 1914 [1882-1910], 68; BCCMAA
1911,63; BCCMAA
1913, 72; BCCMAA 1914, 103, SCCMAA 1915-19, 82-84. 492, 51B,
519, 541, 556, 569, 613, 630, 641,642, 695; BCCMAA 1920-24, 210,
259, 298, 359; BCCMAA 1946-53, 294, SCA2002, 147-48

25
Mosque of Bardbak
AH865 1 AD1460
Map sheet The mosque and tomb of the amir Taqtabay ibn
Bardbak are built over the earlier tombs of Fatima (the
12
mother of Husayn) and another female saint, The
building is known also as the mosque of UnimalGlulam for this reason, The saints' tombs are contained in an
underground vault to the south of the main portal; a slab with
kufic inscription (mounted iside on the qibla wall of the mosque)
states that Fatima's tomb was constructed in AD1254 by the amir
Bilbak al-Khazindar. The mosque is now approached from amod
ern extension to the west; the main trilobed arched portal to the
east, with a pierced muqarnas hood, is shut. The mosque itself is
acolumnar structure, with arcades of reused columns and capitals
arranged around an open sahr, The tomb of the founder is located
to the north, on the side street A sabil-kuttab, now lost, was
apparently attached to the complex at its northeastern corner,
Plan: Mtinecke 1992, 1-160; SCAArchive
References. Creswell 1919, 141-42, Seton-Wiiliams and Stocks 188, 219;
Meinecke 1992,11:390
Listing and conservation-Herz 1914 (1882-1910], 80, RCCMAA
1915-19,
149-55, 399, 402, 432, 445, 464, 550, 585, 613, 624, 695, 697; BCCMAA 1920-24 255, 257, 279, 336, 359; BCCMAA 1925-26, 15; BCCMAA 1930-32, 191,200, 203, 20B-12, 231, SCA2002, 149-50

AH719 /AD 1319

M1p sheet This isthe earliest known example in Cairo of a cru

12
ciform madrasa with a covered courtyard. It was
constructed by the amir Almalik ('the Orchard') alGukandar, a mamluk of al-Zahir Baybars, who went
on to Serve Qalawun, al-Nasir Muhammad, and five of the latter's
sons. It was al-Nasir who made him a polomaster (gukandor).
Almalik also founded an important madrasa in Jerusalem. On the

26
Mosque of Mughaltay al-Gamali
AH730 / AD1329
Ma sheet
127

This mosque was built by the amir Mughaltay

('Mongol horse') for the Hanafi school The only
surviving original elements are the northern eleva
tion, built of stone with a fine naskhi inscription
'2,

DESCRIPTIVE

-ft

CATALOGUE

91

band, and the brick domed tomb chamber. This contains two
stucco inscriptions internally: one around the base of the

dome and the other in a medallion at the dome's apex. The rest
of the mosque is modern, with the exception of an Ottoman
portal leading to the ablutions court (also situated on the
northern side).
Plan; SCAArchive

RefeencCs. Creswell 1919, 96; Hanna 1984,24, Seton-Williams and Stocks

1988, 219; Meinecke 1992, 11:154;
O'Kane 2000, 168
Listing and conservation-BCCMAA
1901,105 (classification of dome only);

BCCMAA 1906, 97, BCCtMAA

190B, 65, BCCMAA
1910, 77; Herz 1914
[1882-1910, 110;BCCMAA 1915-19, 789; SCA
2002, 167-68

27
Sabil of al-Bazdar
AM1050-51 /AD 1640-41

Raymond (1979) gives the date of construction of

this anepigraphic sabil as AD1640-41 (it is listed
in the Index of Monuments as 'mid-seventeenth
century'). The building was originally attached to
a mosque of the same name, which was demolished in 1892.
When the midan between the mosques of al-Azhar and alHusayn was opened up in the 1930s, the Comite moved the
sabil in 1935-36 to its present position, at some distance to
the north and west of the original emplacement (see also no 57,
the sabil-kuttab of isma'l ibn Ahmad). The building is single
story, having lost its kuttab (if it ever had one), and is note
worthy for its carved stone strapwork, with a decorative wood
surround to the sabil grille. There are two portals: that to the
east is blocked, and was originally in the same plane as the
rest of the fa9ade. It was reconstructed at right angles to the
main fagade because the new site that had been assigned to
the building was obviously too small. Since this sabil and
its neighbor (no, 57 below) were moved, they have been con
sistently confused with each other. It is hoped that the
identification provided here will prevail. The building was
restored in 2003 by the SCA.
Map sheet
12

reconstructed by Salih Negm al-Din Ayyub in 1237, only to be

burnt down eleven years later. Subsequent restorations includ
ed those of Hasan Katkhuda al-Calfi in the early eighteenth
century, Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda later in the same rcentury,
and Khedive Ismall in the nineteenth century. The immediate
environs of the tomb were subjected to major urban clearance
in the mid-twentieth century. The existing mosque was
designed, on the instructions of khedives 'Abbas I and Isma'il, in
the neo-Gothic style. It was completed in 1873, with the excep
tion of the new minaret, which was finished in 1878. A further
matching extension that enlarged the area of the mosque was
built in the 1950s. The only parts of the structure that are list
ed monuments today are the Ayyubid minaret, with fine original
stucco decoration dating to 1237, and the gate directly beneath
it, which was formerly called the Bab al-Hasanayn and is today
called the Bab al-Akhdar. Portions of this gate may date to the
original Fatimid foundation of 1154. The tomb chamber (the
work of 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda) was the object of a major
restoration in 1985 supervised by the Egyptian Antiquities
Organisation, during which a replacement dome made of steel
was placed over it. For this reason, this section of the building
is also shown on the map highlighted as ifit were a registered
monument, although it is not formally listed
Plon.SCA Archive I CMP Survey
References. Creswell 1919, 76; Sameh 1946, 88-90; Creswell 1952,
271-73; Behrens-Abousef 1987, 66, Meinecke 1992, II18-19:
Egyptian Antiquities Organisation 1985; Kamouk 1981, 126 (for the
tabut of al-Husayn, moved to the Islamic Museum), C.Williams 1987
(for the tabut ofal-Husayn); Seton-Wiliams and Stocks 1988, 216-17;
liamamsy 1992, 146-46; Sayyid1998, 276-80, Leisten 1999, 477
Listing and conseoration BCCMAA1887-88, 4-5; BCCMAA 1896, 176;
BCCMAA 1897, 24-25, 151,BCCMAA
1896, 115, 133, SCCMAA 1904,
45: Herm1914 (1882-1910], 77. BCC4AA 1915-19, 788; BCCMAA
1920-24, 358, BCCMAA 1930-32, 71, 191,200, 232, 261; BCCMAA
1936-40, 297, 299, BCCAA 1946-53, 142

29
al-Ahmadi
of
Marzuq
Mosque

Plan. SCA Archive

References, Raymond 1979a, 251 (no. 30)

Listing and conservation: BCCMAA
1892, 66 (classification of fagade)
BCCMAA
1893 (2nd ed), 116: Herz 1914 (1882-19101. 39, BCCMAA
1915-19, 786; BCCMAA 1920-24, 334, 362: BCCMAA 1925-26, 16;
BCCMAA
1927-29, 53-54, BCCMAA 1930-32, 76-77, 86, 121; BCCMAA

1933-35, 60, 175, 329, 393; SCA2002, 48-50 las nao,57 sabil-kuttab
of snall bn Ahmad)

28
Gateway and minaret

of the mosque of al-Husayn

AH5497634 1 AD1154-1237

The head of Husayn, the martyred son of 'Ali, issaid

to be buried here, and the site remains the most

important place of pilgrimage in Cairo to this day.
The head was first buried in a mashhad on this site
by the Fatimid khalif al-Fa'iz in AD1154, and the building was
Map sheet
12

92

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

AH1043 / AD1633
This is a simple mosque with arched stone arcades
around a covered sahn, a stone mihrab, and three
tombs arranged on either side of the main prayer
space. On the northern side of the building, a corridor
runs east to what was once the ablutions area. Protruding from
its corner site, the mosque has three fagedes and two entrances.
It is fronted by shops on the principal street fagade and has a
short, Ottoman-style minaret. Seton-Williams and Stocks (1988)
give amore precise date for the building's foundation-AD 1633
than does the Index of Monuments ('seventeenth century') and
describe it as a khanqah rather than a mosque
PlanSCA Archive
References Pauty 1936, 12; Seton-Wiliams and Stocks 19B8,
219-20; elMap sheet
12

Rashidi 1999, 35, 93

Listing and conservation:BCCMdAA
1893 (2nd ed ),78, 115,

BCCMAA

1894,

78-79, Herm1924 [1182-1910], 116; BCCMAA 1915-19, 789, SCA

2002, 369-76

Mosque of Mahmud Muharram

AH 1207 ( AD1792
Mahmud Muharram was the wealthy merchant who
Mapshee
built the nearby al-Musafirkhana Palace (no. 20), as
12
well as a takiya (now lost) between the palace and
this mosque. The mosque is elevated from street
level. There are two approaches, the northern entrance, leading
directly to the ablutions hall, is blocked up. The main entrance
has a foundation inscription on its lintel and leads to a simple
covered prayer hall supported on four columns.
Plan- SCA
Archive
References: Pauty 1936, 12; Seton-illiams and Stocks 1988, 220-21,
Jaubert 1995, 203
Listmg and conservation: BCCMAA 1882-83 (2nd ed.),32, BCCMAA 1884,
4, BCCMAA 1887-88, 2-3, BCCMAA 1903, 53, Herz 1914
[1882-1910]. 111,BCCMAA 1915-19, 789: BCCMAA 1920-24, 257,
259, 279 BCCMAA 1946-53, 209, SCA2002, 169-70, 276-82

31
Mausoleum of Qarasunqur
AH700 / AD1300-1
This mausoleum was built in combination with a
Map sheet madrasa by Qarasunqur ('the Black Falcon'), a mamluk
of Sultan Galawun. The complex was originally known
to the Comit as that ofAqsunqur and isnot to be con
fused with the actual foundation of Aqsunqur (no. 123) on the Darb
al Ahmar. Only the tomb and the faqade of the madrasa survive.The
tomb's marble- and wood-inlaid mihrab, restored by the Comit6, is
one of the richest in Cairo. The fagade retains many fine stone
details, particularly on the window lintels. The entrance to the site,
currently occupied by aschool, isthrough a neo-Mamluk portal.
Plan. Creswell 1959, 241
References. Creswell 1919, 66; Pauty 1929, 146: Creswell 1959, 240-42;
Rogers 1969, 387-88; Ibrahim 1970-71, 35-37; Seton-Williams and
Stocks 1988, 222, Meineeke 1992 1190, 110
Listing and conseratln (under the name [mistaken] 'dome of Aqsunqur.
193, 76;
1892, 105; BCCMAA
BCCMAA 1891,43-44, 102-3; BCCMAA
1897, 65; BCCMAA 1902, 16; BCCMAA 1907. 43, 56; BCCBCCMAA
MAA 1908. 37; BCCMA4 1910, 90, Herz 1914 11882-19101, 95-96,
BCCMAA1911,28; BCCMAA 1912, 67; (as 'tomb of Aqsunqur' from
1914 onward) BCCMAA 1914, 141,BCVAA 1915-19, 314, 318, 360,
404, 461, 693; BCCMAA 1920-24, 334, 360, BCCMAA 1925-26, 16

32
Khanqah of Baybars al-Gashankir

AH706-9 / AD1306-10

Baybars al-Gashankir ('the Taster'), who became

sultan for a year by temporarily deposing al-Nasir

Muhammad, was also responsible for building the
tops on the minarets of the nearby mosque of alHakim (no, 15) He was subsequently executed by al-Nasir
Muhammad, who proceeded to obliterate his enemy's name
from the inscnption band on the fagade of the khangah.

Map sheet
11andlB

Three elements of the complex are visible from the street:

the minaret, portal, and tomb chamber. The minaret rises from
a square base with a heavy muqarnas cornice, above which is
set a circular second tier and a mabkhara. The recess of the
portal isframed, unusually, by a round-headed arch with cush
ion voussoirs, behind which stands the doorway itself, sur
mounted by a more conventional combination of semi-dome
and muqarnas pendentives. The doors retain their fine metal
revetments; the granite threshold is a reused piece of
pharaonic spolia. Construction took place in two phases, with
the mausoleum being added to the rest of the complex: this
may account for the two separate dog-legged corridors lead
ing from the vestibule beyond the portal to the tomb chamber
and to the courtyard. The tomb chamber ispreceded by anoth
er vestibule and is decorated with a marble dado, inlaid mar
ble mihrab, and wooden inscription band
The plan of the khanqah isessentially cruciform, but the
lateral iwans are here so compressed as to have minimal archi
tectural impact. Instead, attention is drawn to the qibla and
western wans, which are large pointed-arch vaults. The west
ern [wan has a malqaf incorporated into its rear wall: the qibla
wall is undecorated. The flank walls of the sahn are occupied
by three levels of accommodation for the Sufi students of the
khanqah. The ancillary buildings to the south of the sahn, such
as the kitchens, have largely disappeared, but the surviving
endowment deed for the complex provides detailed informa
tion as to how the khanqah functioned
Plan: Memecke 1992, I66, Creswell 1959, 251 (for ancillary buildings)
References Creswell 1919, 86-B7; Pauty 1929, 146; Creswell 1959,

249-53: J. Williams 1984, 3B8Behrens-Abouseif 1985, 79-80;

Behrens-Abouseif 1987, 76-78; Fernandes 1987a, 21-42; Sayed

1987b, 48-49; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 223-24, BehrensAbouseif 1989, 104, Meinecke 1992, U1100, 104; Jaubert 1995, 191,
Blerman 1998, 137, 140, Sayyid 1999, 120; Asfour 2000, 235-36;
O'Kane 2000. 155-56, 161
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1891, 42-43; 80CMAA 1894, 104-5,
1896, 140; BCCMAA 1397, B2; BCCMAA 1898, 26, BCCMAA
BCCMAA
1899, 13-14: BCCMAA 1909, 134: BCCMAA 1892, 83-84 (with plan);
-lerz 1914 [1882-1910], 37; BCCMAA 1912, 25; BCCMAA 1913, 33,
44. 80, BCCMAA 1915-19, 76-78, 314. 318-19, 324, 356, 404, 463,
491, 546, 654, 669, 584, 613, 630, 642, 695, 697, 823; BCCMAA
1920-24, 157, 223, 255, 257, 259, 339, 360, 370; BCCIAA 1925-28,
15: BCCMAA 1933-35, 185; BCCMAA
1946-53, 296

33

Mosque of al-Aqmar

AH519 / AD1125

Founded by al-Mamun al-Bata'ihi, the vizier of

1a 'le19 the Fatimid khalif al-Amir, this tiny mosque (nick
named 'the Moonlit), has generated a consider
able body of literature, not least because it was
the first mosque in Cairo to have dual orientation. i.e., to the
street on the outside and to the qibla within. It also has a
remarkable decorated fagade with a complex iconography
related to Isma'ill Shi'a doctrine. The open sahn issurrounded
by keel-arched arcades, supported by reused marble columns

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

93

or, at the corners, by brick piers. Decoration is in the form of

stucco inscription bands, which run along each arch, alternat
ing with medallions. Most of what can be seeh of the decora
tion today is a modern replacement The building has under
gone three major restorations in its history. The first of these
was carried out by the arn Yalbugha (a mamluk of Barquq) in
AD1396. The second was executed by the Comit under the
direction of Max Herz at the beginning of the twentieth cen
tury (including the partial clearance of encroachments from
both inside and outside the mosque). The last restoration was
that of the Bohra lsmaili sect in the 1990s, during which the
southern half of the fagade was rebuilt and much of the
mosque's decoration replaced.
Ran. Meinecke 1992, J 63
References' Creswell 1919, 31; Pauty 1929, 136, 142, 153, pl 1i.7(rnuqar
nas) Fauty 1932, 111(fIg 13) and 112-13; Lran 1935-36, 80 (wood
work); Meinecke-Berg 1980, 9-10; C Williams 1983, 37-48, J.
Williams 1984, 39, Behrens-Abouseif 1987, 112; Behrens-Abouself
1989, 72-74, Behrens-Abouseif 1992b; Meinecke 1992, 11:46,289,
Bierman 1998, 108-16, 134-39, Sayyd 1992, 514-29; Blair 1999,107,
aI-Harithy 2001, 90: Tabban 2002, 7a-71
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1889, 112-13, SCCMIAA
1894, 42, BCCMLAA
1895, 48; BCCMAA
1896, 94-95, BCCMAA 1897, 22, 170-71;
8CO1IAA 1900, 46, 79-40; BCCMAA 1901, 92, 104, BCCMAA 1902,
127: BCCMAA 1903, 62, 80; BCCMAA
1904, 17, 54, 81; BCCMM 1905,
36; 8CCMAA 1906, 52, 76, BCCMAA 1907, 9-10, 20-21, 78-79; BCCMAA 1908, 96-97, BCCMAA 1909, 61; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 13;

BCCMA4 1911,15, 49, 65, SCCMM 1912, 81, BCCMAA 1913, 52;
CCMA 1915-19, 774, 820; BCCMAA 1920-24, 157, 359; BCCMAA
1930-32, 267; BOCCMAA
1936-40, 15, 59, 63; BCCMAA 1941-45, 167,
173, 199; UCCIMAA
1946-53, 75-76, 295, Sanders 1999, Ormos 2002,
131; Sanders 2004,123,132-33

34
Palace of Bashtak
AH736-40 J AD1335-39
This vast multistory stone palace was built by a
prominent amir of Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad on
the site of the Fatimid Eastern Palace The remains
of Bashtak's palace include a mosque, courtyard,
stables, and a huge qa'a on the first floor. This has four iwans,
a coffered wooden ceiling, and internal mashrabiya situated at
high level, which fronts a singers' gallery The mosque has its
main entrance on Shari' Mu'izz li-Din Allah, and is known also
by the name 'al-Figl' The building was partially restored by the
German Institute in 1982-84 and was awaiting further restora
tion in 2003. The stone dog-legged passageway to the south of
the building has grain vaults and was at one time listed sepa
rately (see no. 47).

Map sheet
19

Plon. Meinecke 1980a. 96

References- Creswell 1919, 100; Pauty 1933b, 43; Lezine 1972b, 98-104,

130; Revault and Maury 1977,11:1-20; Meinecke 19B0a, 95-98; Maury

at al 1982, 68-73; Meinecke 1992, 11:171,
230, Spenser 1994; Jaubert
1995, 192; Speiser 1895, 30-31; Sayyid 1998, 230-32, 249, O'Kane
2000, 157, 159, 161,164, 165, 167
Listnig and conservation BCCMAA 1889, 112-14, BCCMAA 1891, 98, 8CC-

94

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

MAA 1892, 73, BCCMAA 1893 (2nd ed.), 16; BCCMAA 1902, 36; BCCMAA 1908, 17, 100; BCCMAA 1907, 7, 63-64; BCCMAA 1908, 93;
BCC4AA 1910, 28; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 35; BCCMAA 1911,65, 75,
ECCMAA 1912, 84; BCCMAA 1913. 39, 71; BCCMAA 1915-19, 822;
BCCMAA 1920-24,337,352, BCC4AA1930-32,16,19,3739,0,68,
143, 169,185,255,266, Panty 1931b, 154n, 1; BCCMAA,1933-35, 30,
102, 105, 134, 148, 161, 182, 227, 309, 310, 395, 398, BCCAIAA
1936-40, 15, 32, 36, 37, 41-43, 57, 59, 64, 103, 216, 218, 246, 275,
278, 285, 288, 333; B0MM 1941-45, 5, 160-61; BCMAA 1946-53,
285, 290; Speiser 1990; Speiser 1994

35
Madrasa of Gamal al-Din al-Ustadar
AH811/ AD1408

ps

Map sheet

This is one of a small group of surviving cruciform

madrasas in Cairo built to accommodate the four

schools of jurisprudence (see nos. 38, 44, 59, and
133). Constructed by the ruthless tax-collector
Gamal al-Din (who was strangled in AD1409 and after whom
12 and 19

the Gamaliya district is named), part of the building was

designed as a palace for his own use. Sultan Selim Yavuz (r.
1515-20) removed much of the marble decoration from the
mosque's interior after the Ottoman conquest of 1517. Badly
damaged by the 1992 earthquake, the building was reopened in
2002 after a lengthy restoration that has been criticized as
extreme in its replacement of missing elements.
Plan* Mostala 1982, fig 28
References. Creswell 1919, 119; Mostafa 1982, 108-10; Seton-Williams
and Stocks 1988,221; Meinecke 1992, Ii.306-7; Asfour 2000, 250-51,
253: O'Kane 2000, 258
Lishng and conservation. BCCMAA 1884, 5; BCCMAA
1891, 37-38; BCCMAA 1892, 27-28, 73, 76, 95-96, BCCMAA 1893 (2nd ed), 26, 50,62;
BCCMAA
1896, 55-56; BCCMAA
1900, 65. BCCMAA 1903, 28; BCCMAA 1909, 42, 136-37, BCCMAA 1910, 5D, 125. Herz 1914
[1882-1910], 66; BCCMAA 1911,15,49; BCCMAA 1912, 23, 49, BCCMAA 1913, 31; BCCMAA 1914, 104, BCCMAA 1915-19, 118-19, 322,
347, 356, 358, 372, 415, 585, BCCMAA 1920-24, 166, 258; Pauty
1931b, 154 n. 3

36
Mausoleum and mosque of Tatar al-Hegaziya
AH749 and 761 / AD1348 and 1380
Mapsheet This complex was founded by Sultan al-Nasir
12and l9 Muhammad's eldest daughter, who died of the
plague in AD 1360. Her still-venerated tomb has a
ribbed stone dome with an inscription band at its
base. The building isentered through a portal on the north that

has a crenellated muqarnas cornice and inscription plaque

above it-At the center of the mosque is an open courtyard with

a geometric marble pavement, around which are three iwans; a
fine stucco inscription band encircles the courtyard and iwans.
Of the two mihrabs, that in the larger, southern iwan is deco
rated with marble revetments and an inscription band; its
counterpart has a simple stucco hood, The ceilings of the iwan
are richly painted and framed by high-level inscription bands.

The original minbar of the foundation is now in the Islamic

Museum. The top story of the minaret is missing; the remain
ing tiers are both inscribed. The restoration of this complex was
completed in 1982 by the German Institute.
Plan, Meinecke 1980a, 102
References Creswell 1919, 109; Pauty 1929, 146-47 (muqarnas), 'Abd alRaziq 1978, Meinecke 1980a, 101-2, Karnouk 1981, 114, 115, 117,119
12 (minbar), Gayreud 1986: Seton-Wiliiams and
and fig 2, pis. 1.1,
Stocks 1988, 221; Dzierzykray-Rogalsky, Kanla, and al-Minabbawi 19B7;
Meineeke 1992, II231; Speiser 1995, 28-29, Speiser 199B, 420-23;
O'Kane 2000, 167; Speiser 2001, 139-86
Listing and conservation- BCCMAA 1884, 3-4, BCCMAA 1887-88, 3; BCCMAA 1895, 97, 99-100, BCCMAA 1896, 92, 137, 149; BCCMM 1900,
1907, 92, Her
85-86; BCCMA41901,98, BCCMAA 1902,105; BCCMAA
1915-19, 404,
1911,69; BCCMAA
1914 [1882-1910], 157, BCCMAA
698; BCCMAA 1925-26, 86, 105; BCCMAA 1927-29, 92, 94 100; BCCMAA 1930-32, 16, 18, 59, 190, CCMAA1933-35, 147, Speiser 1982,
365-73, Speiser 1995,28-29; Speiser 2001,139-86, SCA2002,359-68

37
Remains of the madrasa of al-Zahir Baybars
AM660 / AD1262
Only a tiny fragment of this once-large madrasa
survives. The building's original form has been the
subject of much speculation (the hypothesized cru
c1form plan shown here is taken from Meinecke
1992). The major part of the structure was demolished in 1874
during the construction of the road running up to the Midan
Bayt al-Qadi, and the original doors of the madrasa now adorn
the French Embassy in Giza, The surviving southwestern corner
of the building demonstrates that it was elaborately decorated,
with stone carvings of high quality.
s
Ma "e

Plon Meinecke 1992, 1-27

References. Creswell 1919, 78; Creswell 1926, 131-43, Creswell 1959,
143-47; Bloom 1982, 46; Melnecke 1992, 126-29, and 11-13,
Hampikian 1995a 48, 51: Sayyid 1998, 229
1890, 89,
bstang and conservation, CCMAA 1865, 14-15; 8CCMWAA
103-4: BCCMAA 1909. 118; Herz 1914 [1B82-1910], 37, BCCMAA
1915-19, 786; BCCMAA 1930-32, 250; BCC4AA 1936-40, 67-68;
BCCMAA 1941-45, 92; BCCMAA 1946-53, 97, 100, 216

fagade and the minaret of the complex were restored by the

Comit& at various times The German Institute restored the tomb
and the minaret of the complex in 1993-95,
Despite considerable intrusive development, the northern
section of the madrasa still retains its western iwan and the
base of the eastern iwan. The southern section of the madraso
has been entirely demolished and the land that it occupied is,
in 2004, a building site awaiting new construction. An archae
ological investigation in 1995 revealed that Creswell's recon
struction of this part of the complex, which rested on the
remains of the Fatimid Eastern Palace, was substantially correct.
At the extreme northern end of the complex stands the
founder's tomb. This has a dome of plastered brick, while more
costly materials are reserved for the interior. A stucco inscrip
tion band runs along the walls; the mihrab preserves the first
documented use of glass mosaic decoration in Muslim Egypt;
the tabut over the grave, and other wooden elements, are
finely carved.
Plan' Meinecke 1992, '10
References Herz 1904a; Creswell 1919, 76; Crewell 1922, 33-36, Pauty
1929, 144, fig. 8, and pl. iII 11 (muqarnas); Creswell 1959, 94-103,
Lapidus 1969, 284, Karnouk 1981, 116;,J Williams 1984, 34, BehrensAbouself 1985, 75-77, Behrens-Abouseif 1987, 67-69; BehrensAbouseif 1989, 87-90; Tuscherer 1991, 322, 323; Meinecke 1992,
Harpikian 1995a, Hamplkan 1995b; Bierman 1998, 135-37,
11:118,
138, 142, 5ayyid 1998, 229, Drenoix et @L1999 II20, Hampikian and
Cyran 1994; Savyid 1993, 229-30, Asfour 2000, 246
1885, 13-16: BCCMAA 1891, 44-45,
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA
BCCMAA 1892, 74; BCCMAA 1893 (2nd ed.),34-35, 85, 88. BCCMAA
1901, 45, 69, BCCMM 1902, 32, 62, 116, 135-42 [historical notice):
1904, 16-17, B9-90; BCCMAA
BCCM/AA 1903, 53-54, 74, BCCMAA
1907, 11-12, 34,
1906, 73-74,90-91, BCCMAA
1905, 35,76, BCCMAA
50-61; BCCMAA 190B, 19, 29, 97-98, 104, BCCMAA1909, 73-74,
86-87, 148, BCCMAA 1910, 76; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 145; BCCMAA
1911,65, 104, BCCMAA 1914, 58; BCCMAA 1915-19, 786; BCCMAA
1920-24, 278, 334, 360: BCCMAA 1930-32, 250-51, BCCMAA
1933-35, 102-3, 147, 160, 173, 181; BCCMAA 1936-10, 26-27, 97,
109, 268, 270, 272, 274 BCCMAA 1941-45, 5, 165, 171,185; BCCMAA
1946-53, 81, 135, 144, 242, 309, 330-31, 413, 422; Hampikian 1995a;

lampikian 1995b

(39)
38

Mihrab of the mosque of Badr al-Din

Mausoleum and madrasa

of Salih Negm al-Din Ayyub

al 'Agami and two epigraphic plaques

AH641 / AD1243

first
Map sheet
The madrasa of Salih Negm al-Din Ayyub-the
four

all
accommodate
to
Egypt
in
built
madrasa
19
schools of jurisprudence-is split into two roughly
equivalent sections separated by a street that pass
es directly under the minaret of the complex. These two sections
of the madrasa are linked by a common fagade, which has the
minaret at its approximate center. The tomb was a later addition
to this madrasa, built in AD1249 by Sultan Negm al-Din Ayyub's
wife, Shagarat al-Durr, but it established the much-followed
precedent of building a tomb in association with a madrasa. The

AH758 / AD1367
located in the Harat al-Salihiya, was
mosque,
This
Map sheet
known also as the madrasa of Muhammad al
19
"Abbasi, or of Nasir al-Din Muhammad, the
madrasa's founder. Surviving photographs show
that the mosque had a muqarnas portal (a reconstruction,
according to the 1906 Bullotm), an inlaid mihrab, and
inscribed marble panels of high quality. The mlhrab and the
epigraphic panels were listed until 1943; the entire mosque
was demolished in 1989. It is not clear whether the epigraphic
panels were saved.
Plan-None

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALoGU E

95

References Crowell 1919, 107; Mleinecke 1992, 11226, Sayyid 1998, 294
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1906, 16; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 2);
BCCMAA 1913, 72, 144-45 (with photographs]; BCCMAA
1915-19,
786; BCCMAA 1941-45, 238, 251

40
Mosque and sabil-kuttab
of Shaykh 'Ai al-Mutahhar
All 1157 /AD 1744

Mapshee

19

The mosque was built by 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda

to commemorate Shaykh 'Ali al-Mutahhar who is

buried here; according to Creswell (1922), the

shaykh did not die until AD1776-77, which implies

that his tomb was constructed well in advance. 'Abd al-Rahman

Katkhuda's mother is purportedly buried next to the shaykh's
domed tomb chamber. The site was previously occupied by the
house of Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi (the builder of the mosque of alAqmar) and subsequently by an Ayyubid madrasa. The historic
sections of this building fall into three discrete entities: 1.the
entrance, minaret, and sabil-kuttab; 2.the corridor and arched
annex; and 3. the main body of the mosque with the tomb
chamber. The mosque isapproached through a finely decorated
trilobed portal, flanked to the north by the sabil-kuttab, which
in elevation is identical to 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda's other,
three-sided sabil-kuttab further down the Bayn al-Qasrayn (no.
21) The corridor from the street has a stone flanking wall and
two open courts, and ispreceded by a small arched annex, also
used for prayer. The mosque itself has plain arched stone
arcades and an inlaid marble mihrab; the tomb chamber issit
uated to the west of the mosque.
Plan Courtesy Mohamed Abu'l-Amayem, Architect
References. Creswell 1922, 48 Pauty 1936, 25 (sabl), Sameh 1946,
35-39; Raymond 1972, 238 (no 2), Behrens-Abouseif 1992: Raymond
1995, 102
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1892, 92-93; BCCMAA 1893 (2nd ed.),
88, BCCMAA 1896, 46; UCCMAA
1898. 122, BCCMAA 1899, 90-91,
BCCMAA 1900, 26, 4B-49 (sabil exclusive focus of Comit's interest),
60-61, BCCMAA 1903, 72, Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 143; BCCMAA
1915-19, 789: BCCMAA 1936-40, 14, 375, 379; SCA2002, 132

41
Tomb of Shaykh Sinan
AH994 / AD 1585
Now partially concealed by a significant rise in
ground level, this tomb of an unknown holy man
has two small stone domes supported by finely
carved squinches.
Plan. Melneeke 1980a, 80
Map shee

19

References- Melnecke 19803, 79-86; Behrens-Abouseif and Fernandes

1984, 113
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1903, 50 (item e); BCCMAA
1904, 43,
Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 149; BCCA4AA 1915-19, 791: Melneeke 1980,
79-86

96

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

42
Mosque of Taghribardi
Tenth century AH/ Sixteenth century AD
Map sheet This raised Ottoman mosque, which has two iwans,
two portals, a minaret, and a sabil-kuttab, was
19
called al-Mihmandariya' (implying that it had the
function of a madrasa) during the Ottoman period.
The southern portal has an unusual crenellated screen in the
street immediately outside the entrance. The soffit of the main
space contains two original inscribed square wooden panels
and is bordered by an inscription; the raised women's gallery is
constructed of wood. The sabil has an inlaid polychrome marble
floor and a marble salsabil decorated with chevrons and an
inscription. Taghribardi was an important merchant; his epony
mous wikala (no. 188) adjoins the mosque to the east.
Plan. SCAArchive
References' Seton-Williairs and Stocks 1988, 254
Listing and conservation. SCCMAA 1885, 11-12, 8CCMAA 1886, 9-10,
BCCMAA
1893,75, BCCMAA 1894,45-46, 79, BCCMAA 1903,54 (kut
tab); BCCMAA 1909, 88 (kuttab), Herz 1914 [1802-1910], 143, BCCMAA 1915-19, 792; BCCMAA 1930-32, 252-53

43
Complex of Qalawun
AH683 / AD1284

Map sheet
19

The complex of Qalawun (which has been closed for

restoration since 2002) comprises a mausoleum, a

madrasa, and a bimaristan. This remarkable group of
buildings was begun and completed inonly ayear by
the first of the Bahri Mamluk sultans: al-Mansur Qalawun; it is
the earliest of a series of foundations built by successive sultans
on the western side of Bayn al-Qasrayn. The mausoleum is
remarkable for its size, its unique fagade, and the wealth oforna
mentation in its interior It is approached by an imposing corn
dor that also gives access to the madrasa and used to lead into
the bimaristan (now blocked) The mausoleum is preceded by a
small courtyard lined with reused antique columns. The dome
above the tomb chamber, supported on an octagonal arrange
ment of columns reminiscent of a baptistery, is a replacement in
concrete by the Comrte modeled on the almost contemporane
ous dome of the mausoleum of al-Ashraf Khalil (monument no
275). The adjacent madrasa, noteworthy for the unique navelike
design of the qibla wan, was also heavily restored by the Comite
The remains of the bimaristan. the first hospital built in Cairo, are
today accessed by a road to the south of the madrasa. Only
peripheral fragments of this once-large structure remain, includ
ing a ga'a built by one of the later directors of the hospital, the
amir Aqqush, in AD1320-30 The center of the site of the

bimaristan isnow occupied by an eye hospital.

Plan- ostafa 1992, 98

References.Creswell 1919, 81-82, Herz 1913; Herz 1919: Creswell 1922, 39-42;

Pauty 1932, 32-33; Pauty 1933c, Lamm 1935-36, 70. 73-74, Creswell
1959, 190-212; Meinecke 1971, 47-80; Ldzine 1972l 93-94. 130,
Raymond 1972, 249, Meneeke 1973, 222: Duncan 1980, 74-77, J,
Williams 1984, 34-35, 38, Behrens-Abouscif 1905, 77-78; Behriets

Aboused 1987, 70-72, Behrens-Abouseif 1989, 95-100; Tuchscherer 1991

95, 144, 437; Rabbat 1993, 205-7; Blair and
passim: M~inecke 1992, 11:61,
Bloom, 1995: 72-77;Jaubert 1995, 190; Fernandes 1997, 111-13, Bierman
1999, 120,
199, 135, 137 139, 142; Sayyid 1998, 307-11, 313-21, Sayyid
124-25, Denoix et a. 1999, 11.16-17; DKane 200D, 162, al-Harithy 2001,
Northrup 2001, 119-30 passim; Little 2002, 17-18, Tabba 2002, 71
1887-88, 2: BCCMM 1889, 86-87.91,108;
Listing and conserwrtion: BCCMAA
1896, 24, 56, BCC
1895, 48, 101, BCCMAA
1890, 47: 3CCIMAA
BCCMAA
1900,5; BlMM

1898. 10,29-30,44, BCCMAA

MAA 1897,152, BCCMAA
1905,

54,94-95; BCC1904, 42, 59,90-91; BCCMAA

1903, 15,BCCMAA
1908,41,

MAA1906, 6-8, 90, 95, 102, BCCMA1907, B35,90, BCCMAA

1910,

1909, 9-10, 25-26, 31-32, 138-39, BCCMAA

66, 93-94; BCCMA4
15-16, 141-47 (historical notice on bimaristan); Rea1914 [1882-1910],
1916-19, 55,318-19,321, 327.359,
1910,141-47, CCMAA
89,BCOMAA
382, 411,432, 435, 461,492, 502, 584-B5. 613, 62B, 632, 641,693, 697,
1920-24, 17,35, 154, 157, 178, 251,255,
701,741,763, 773: BCCMAA
1925-26, 16, 105; BCCMAA
257-58, 276, 289, 359, 362, 367; BCCMAA
1941-45, 15,
1927-29, 92, 95. 100, 102; Pauty 1931b, 152 n. 1; BCUMAA
45. 51.86, 126, 127, 129, 132,138-39, 145; CCMA 1946-53, 55, 62, 89,
144,201, 282, Ormos 2002, 137-38; C,Williams 2002, 461-62

44

Complex of al-Nasir Muhammad

45

Mosque of Mithqal

AH763 / AD 1361
Built by the chief eunuch to sultans Muhammad II
and Sha'ban II, this raised cruciform mosque is
built above a passage that connects two alleys
running on either side. It has a recessed ablaq
fagade and four wans with upper floors, from which mashra
brya windows give onto the northern and southern sides of
the sahn. There isa marble dado and mihrab in the qibla iwan
and an inlaid marble floor in the sahn. The building was listed
by the Comit in 1887 and restored by the German Institute
in the 1970s.
Mapsh511
19

Plan: Meinecke 1980a, 44

Meinecke 1960a; Meinecke 1992 11234-35;
References Creswell 1919, 11D:
Speiser 1995, 37: Sayyid 1998, 230 aid n 3; O'Kane 2000,167-68
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1887, 30, BCCMAA 1894, 92, 115,
BCCMAA 1910, 72. Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 119, BCCMAA 1913, 31,
63, 110,BCCMAA 1914, 2, 16, 106, 130; BCCMAA 1915-19. 107, 404,
459, 464, 473, 703, 709, 773 BCCMAA 1927-29, 92, 95, 169; Pauly
1931b, 154 n. 2, Meinecke 1980a: Melnecke 1980b, 52, SCA2002,
1B4, 349-58

46
Facade of the mosque

of 'Abd al-Latif al-Qarafi

An 694-96 / AD1294-96

sheStarted by Sultan

Kitbugha and completed by Sultan

al-Nasir Muhammad, this is the first cruciform

madrasa to be built in Cairo with the express inten
tion of housing all four schools of jurisprudence. The
complex is distinguished on the street by its portal, which was
taken from the Crusader cathedral at Acre, and its carved stucco
minaret. Beneath this, acorridor leads into the sahn, which con
tains a large stone basin. To the south of the corridor, the qibla
wan of the madrasa preserves a ten-meter-high mhrab with a
carved stucco hood. To the north lies the tomb chamber, where
two painted wood inscription bands at high level survive Al
Nasir's son, Anuk (d.AD1340), isburied here, while al-Nasir him
self isinterred next door inhis father Qalawun's mausoleum (no.
43). The dome over the tomb collapsed in 1870 and has never
been replaced The complex was restored by the German Institute
in 1985-86 (the portal was conserved and restored in 1999
2000), and the remains of an ablutions court in the southwest
ern corner of the site were first excavated in 1998. Since 2002
the complex has been closed for further restoration by the SCA.
l

Plan Meinecke 1992, 1:49

Refrences: Creswell 1919, 85, Creswell 1922, 43; Creswell 1959, 234-40;
Rogers 1969, 3B7-88, King 1984,116,118, J Williams 1984,32; BebrensAbouseif 1985, 77-7B: Behrens-Abouseif 1987, 73-74; Behrens-Abouseif
1989, 100-1, Meie 1992,1179, ,8;Blair and Bloom 1995, 77; Jaubert

O'Kane 2000,
1995, 191,Speiser 1998, 423-26; Denoix et al. 1999, 11:21;
157; Mayer, Nogara, and Speiser, 2001; Little 2002, 15-18
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1890, 45-46; BCCMAA 1904, 91; BCCMAA 1905, 34, 95-96; BCCMAA 1907, 34-35, BCCMAA1908, 93:
BCCMAA 1909, 25-26, 75; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 134: BCCMAA
1915-19, 832: BCCMAA 1920-24, 278, 340; BCCMAA 1926-26. 16,
17, 22 BCCMAA 1941-45, 172, SCCMAA 1946-63. 53, 203, 345;
Mayer, Nogara, and Speiser, 2001, 232-38, SCA2002, 155-58, 329-36

Tenth century AN I Sixteenth century AD

The whole of this tiny mosque appears to be orig

inal, although only the fagade with its trilobed
stone entrance portal and muqarnas hood is list
ed. The foundation isOttoman, but the style of the
building is Manluk.
Maps"eet

Plan. CMP Survey

References Pauty 1936, 11
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1887-88, 30, 34, 51; BCCMAA 1901,
1913,
105, BCCMAA 1909, 20-29; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 3; BCCMAA
69; BCCMAA 1915-19, 785

(47)
Bab Qadi Askar
19

AH735 1AD1334
The Bab Qadi 'Askar is the stone arched entrance
and dog-legged vaulted passageway that
was the
original entrance to the palace of Bashtak (no. 34).

Ravaisse (1887) suggested that this gate was 'the

Soldiers' Gate' of the Eastern Palace of Mu'izz li-Din Allah, built

inAD969. It has been deregistered as a separate monument and

included as part of the listing for BashtalI's palace.

Plan:Meineeke 1990, 96

References, Ravalsse 1887, 429, 469-71; Creswell 1919, 49; Meirecke

1992, 11171; Sayid 1998, 233

Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1885, 23-24, Herz 1914 [1882-1910],
27; BCCMAA 1915-19, 786, BCCMAA 1930-32, 249-50; SCCMAA
1936-40, 339

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE
97

48
Mosque of Muhib al-Din Abu'l Tayyib
Before AH934 / AD1527-28

Mapshe
19

This is a plain early Ottoman mosque, entered

through a trilobed portal, with four wans around a
sahr. The qibla wall has been recently restored in
imitation-Manluk style, incorporating pieces of
original stone carving and porphyry.
Plan: SCA
Archive
References:Pauty 1936, 11(as no 18): Behens-Abouseif 1998, 123-32; elRashidi 1999, 13, 56-58; O'Ka 2000, 157-58
Listng and conservaton. BCCMAA
1891,68-69; Her2 1914 (1882-1910],
124, SCCMAA 1915-19, 173-75; BCCMAA
1946-53, 33, 145

49
Mosque of Abu Bakr ibn Muzhir

AH884 / AD1479

Abu Bakr Ibn Muzhir (An1428-T488), the chancel

lor of Sultan Qaytbay, also established a madrasa
(still extant) in Jerusalem. His cruciform-plan
madrasa in Cairo israised up from street level, with
two portals, a sabil-kiattab, arid minaret, The sahn has a poly
chrome Inlaid-marble floor and iscovered with a fine painted
celing and shukhshaykha. The many beautiful decorative fea
tures include wood- and marble-work signed by the original
craftsmen. The wooden minbar,whrch bears the penbox blazon
of Abu Bakr, isalso an original feature.
Ma pheet
18

P/on. Meineeke 1992, :162

References. Crcswell 1919, 144; Devonshire 1935-40, 25-31;

Burgoyne
1987, 579-80 (for biography); Memecke 1992,11.417; Seton-Villiams
and Stocks 1988, 234
Listing and conservat)n.* 1CMAA 1882 (2nd ed.), 32; BCCMA 1890,
45,
BCCMAA 1891,92-95: BCCMA 1892, 44, RCCMAA
1893 (2nd id),
79-80, BCCMAA 1894, 93, 105; BCCM4 1896, 93, B0CMA41997,
58-59, 113,153, appendix v-vil; BCCMAA
1898, 24, BCCMAA
1900,8;
Her, 1914 11B82-1910], 4-5; BCCMMA
1914, 23, 139, 157, 1$3, 80cMAA 1915-19, 321, 584, 818, BCCMAA 1920-24, 147, BCCMAA
1946-53, 33, 58-59, 62, 75-76, 143, 200, 282

50
Qa'a of Muhib al-Din al-Muwaqqi
AH751 / AD1350

This qa'a, which isknown also as the qa'a of Baybars

19
and ga's of 'Uthmai Katkhuda because of the lat
ter's occupancy of the building in the eighteenth

century, is all that remains of a large Mamluk

palace that was built on this site in AD1350. The room

isnote
worthy for its great height and the presence of a malqaf on its
northern side. It was restored by the Comit in 1911.

Mapshee

Plan: Maury et al. 1982, 102

References Creswell 1919, 78; Pauty 1933b, 44-45, 77 (no, 8),

"Abd alWahab 1965, 96BFathy 1969,138-39, 144-45: tine 1972b,

123-27,
130: Revault and Maury 1977, 21-30; Maury et al 1982, 102-4,
Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 248

98

DESCRJPTIVE

CATALOGUlF

Listing and conserwvton: BCCMAA, 1891,4, 48; BCCMAA 1892, 44, BCCMAA 1894, 48, 72-73, 150-51, BCCMAA
1895, 28-29; BCCMAA
1899,
53-54; BCCMA4 1904, 43-44; 8CCMAA 1905, 12, 35, 79-80,
BCCMAA 1906, 19-20; BCCMAA
1908, 58; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 138,
BCCMAA 1913, 140-43; BCCMAA
1915-19. 88-89 n, 2; BCCAIAA
1941-45, 287; BCCMAA 1946-53, 296

51
Maq'ad of Mamay al-Sa'ift
AH901 1 AD1496
Map sheet
19

This structure, today known as the Bayt al-Qadi,

was built by one of Sultan Qaytbay's amirs and
was probably part of a large palace with a court
yard at its center. The capitals of the columns that

support the maqad are among the rare, purpose-made (rather

than reused) pharaonic-style elements to

be found
in the
Islamic architecture of Cairo. The maq'ad, which has a fine

decorated ceiling and inscription band, iscurrently in use

as
a mosque.
Plan: Maury et al. 1982, 128, Theplan of the upper floor is shown here

References: Creswell 1919, 150; Pauty 1933b, 47-48, 77 [ne.

10); Revault

and Maury 1975, 11-20; Maury et al 1982, 128;

Ibrahim 1984, 59 n
51,Meinecke 1992, 11-439-40; Jaubert 1995, 196
Listing and canservllon BCCMAA
1892, 76-77 (classification); BCCMAA
1901, 49, 101-102, BCCMAA 1902, 7, 32-33, 45-46, 121,149-152
(histioncal notice), BCCMA 1904, 92, BCCMAA 1905. 96, BCCMAA
1906, 16-17, BCCMAA 1907, 92-93, 102; BCCMAA
1908, 18, 41,67,
94; BCCMAA 1909, 22, 75 110; BCCMAA1910, 28; Herz 1914
(18l2-1970L 112; BCCMAA 1911,43; JCCAMAA
1915-19, 864| BCCMAA 1927-29, 50, BCCMAA 1933-35, 14B,157, 160,
171,179, 182,
BCCMAA 1936-40, 144, 147, 326, 336, 339; BCCMAA
1941-45, 15

52
Sabil-kuttab of Khusraw Pasha
Ali 942 / AD1535

Map sheet

This sabl-kuttab was built by an Ottoman governor

of Egypt (r. AD1534-36) in direct stylistic and for

mal imitation of its Mamluk predecessors. The

building was completely restored in 1994 by the
German Institute.
Plan* Mostafa 1992, 321
References' emuty 1936, 23, 24; Seton-Wlbams and Stocks
1988, 249;
Bates 1991, 148, Tuscherer 1991, 337-3: Denoix et al. 1999,
11:18-19
Listing and conservation: BCCMA4 1892, 44-45;
BCCMA 1893 (2nd ed.)
50, SCCM4A 1894, 98; BCCMAA 1895, 70 BCCMAA
1896, 22-23,121;
80CMAA 1897, 131; 8CCMAA 1899, 41; BCCM44 1902, 75, 142-44
(historical notice); BCCMAA 1909, 92; Herz 1914
[1882-1910], 103,
BCCMAA 1911,16, 49; BCCMAA
1915-19, 788; BCCAA 1936-40, 10,
7
68, 97, 102, 173, 1 8; BCCMAA 1941-45, 115,178

53
Bab al-Badistan al-Ghuri
sheet
Miap

8, BCCMAA 1906, 96, Herz 1914 (182-1910), 100, RCCMAA 1912, 73,
86; BCCMAA 1913, 39, 72: BCCMAA 1915-19, 826; Pauty 1931b, 155
n 2; BCCMAA 1936-40, 69, 375, 380; BCCMAA 1946-53. 332

AH917 /AD1511
The badistan, a commercial structure housing shops

with apartments above them to either side of a

covered street, was depicted in the nineteenth cen
tury by the English artist J.F. Lewis, when itwasstill
substantially intact. Today, the Sikkat al-Badistan forms a
major thoroughfare of the Khan al-Khalill. The gate, at the
western extremity of the building, is a large trilobed portal
inlaid with marble, it displays an inscription band and the car
touches of Sultan al-Ghuri,

57
Sabil-kuttab of Isma'il ibm Ahmad
(al-Maghlawi / al-Manawi)

19

Plan: SCAArchive

References: Mantran 1972, 229; Meinecke 1992, 1466-67: Denolx et al.

1999, 1135-38
1884, 5-6, BCCMAA 1886, 12-13; 8CC
Listing and conservation. RCCMAA
AAA 1897, 96: BCCMAA 1903, 63; BCCMAA 1904, 36, 67; BCCMAA
1905, 35; BCCMAA 1907, 33-34; BCCMAA 1908, 29, 134, BCMAA
1912. 73, 86: BCC1909, 94; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 100 BCCM4AA
MAA 1913, 39, 72, BCCMAA 1915-19, 826; Pauty 1931b, 155 n. 1,
1936-40, 375, 380; CCMAA 1941-45, 51, 86, 126, 172;
BCCMAA
BCCMAA 1946-53, 332

54
Fagade of the wikala of al-Ghurl (al-Qutn)
AH917 / AD1511
Map sheet Despite its designation in the Index of Monuments
as an emporium for cotton, Raymond and Wiet
12
(1979) identify this wikala as the Khan al-Nabhas,
catering at different times to coppersmiths,
leather-goods merchants, and dried-fruit sellers. The portal
leading to the wikala is in good condition, probably because of
heavy restoration by the Comit6, but little of the building's

original internal structure survives.

Plan-Scharabi 1976, 150
References-Scharabi 1978, 148-50, 160, Raymond and Viet 1979, 265-86
(ne. 253), Meinecke 1992, 11466-67; Denoix et al 1999. 1135-38
Listing and conservation- BCCMAA 1884, 5-6; BCCMAA 1886,12-13; 0CC1915-19, 826,
MAiA1897, 96; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 100; BCCIMAA
BCCMA 193B-40, 69; BCCMAA 1941-45, 51,86, 126, 172

56
Bab al-Ghuri
Map sheet
12

AR917 ( AD1511
as a cross-axis leading to the
served
gate
This
badistan (no. 53) and the wikala al-Qutn (no. 54). It

is a large trilobed stone structure, with inlaid marble

AN1068 1AD1657
The common name of this sabil-kuttab is al
Maghlawl, while the founder is referred to in the
12
Index of Monuments as Ismall al-Manawi. Amarble
panel with a foundation inscription and date is
located above the sabil grille on the western fagade, however,
which names the founder as Ismail bn Ahmad. This name is
accordingly used here, The sabil-kuttab was moved in its
entirety in 1935-36 (like the sabil of al-Bazdar [no. 27]) from
its original position, where the Midan al-Husayn is today. The
sabil has a fine painted wooden ceiling and the whole structure
has been recently restored by the SCA (2003). The building is still
confused with its neighbor (al-Bazdar), not only in the Map of
Mohammedan Monuments where the labelings are unclear, but
also on the gr6und (see SCA 2002). This confusion isevident in
the fact that the building also bears a metal plaque identifying
it as number 27. The inscription, however, is clear enough to
permit a final attribution and identification to be made.
Plan. CMP Survey

References: Raymond 1979a, 253 (no, 38)

Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1905, 77, BCCMAA 1927-29, 53-54,

1930-32, 76-77, 86, 121; BCCMAA

1933-35, 60, 175, 329,
BCCMAA
393, SCA2002, 51-52 (as sabil of al-Bardar)

58
Fagade of the zawiya

of Fatima Umm Khawand

Ninth century AH( Fifteenth century AD

This small stone facade, consisting of a portal
flanked by three shops to the south, was attributed
by the Comiti to a wife of Sultan Qaytbay. The
facade was listed in 1899. The zawiya that lies
behind is a modern construction,
Map sheet
25

Plan. None
References: Creswell 1919, 138; Menecke 1992, 11:375
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1899, 44 (classification): Herz 1914
[1882-1910), 54; BCCMAA 1915-19, 805

59
Mausoleum of al-Sha'rani

ca. AH975 / AD1567

al-Sha'rani was a popular Sufi

al-Wahhab
'Abd
Mapsheet
shaykh. with his own brotherhood, who sought to

26
unify the four schools of Islamic law The mau
Plan: SCAArchwe
solcum was added to a large complex, including a
References Mcinecke 1992, 11:466-67, Denoix et al. 1999, 1135-38
taklya, mosque, and madrasa, that had been built for al
1884, 5-6, BCCMAA 1886, 12-13; BCC
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA
Sha'rani during his lifetime by Qadi 'Abd al-0adir (using illegal
MAA 1897, 96; BCCMAA 1899, 8; BCCMAA 1901, 90; BCCMAA 1902,
panels, cartouches, and an inscription band. The
gate was restored by Comit6 in 1937; it remains an important
visual focus in the surrounding Khan al-Khalili.

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

99

funds); of these buildings only the mausoleum (listed in 1898)

srmall, decorated trilobed stone portal, which is today blocked

by asubstantial rise in ground level.
PlanrMeinecke 1992, 1159

survives. The mausoleum's interior is decorated with poly

chrome arabesque painting, which also covers the vault of the
dome. To the south of the mausoleum is a fine Ottoman stone
house-fa;ade, with another tomb (probably that of al
Sha'rani's son) behind it. The mausoleum is accessed through a
neo-Mamluk mosque to the north built in 1907, the plan of
which is included here for reference.
Plan: CMP Survey

References: Creswell 1919, 135, Meinecke 1992, 11386, O'Kane 2000, 17D
Lisringendconsertntion-BCCMAA 1896,40,139;8CCMA41900,6-7;BCCMAA
1901, 4B; Herz 1914 [182-1910], 81; BCCMAA
1914,117,139, 80CMM
1915-19, 788; BCCMAA 1920-24, 178, 257; BCCMAA
1930-32, 62, 75;
BCCMAA 1941-45, 151;BCCMAA
1946-53, 210, 308, 331

References: Seton-Williams and Stocks 198B, 285; Behrens-Aboused 1994,

98-99,150-51
Listing ond conservation: BCCMAA 1898, 127 (classification),

62
Hawd and sabil
of Muhanuad Bey Abu'l Dhahab

CCMAA

1903, 48; BCCMAA 1904, 34; BCCMAA 1905. 11;BCCMAA 1910, 90;

Herz 1914 [1882-1910), 44; BCCMAA

1915-19, 59

60
Mosque of Qadi 'Abd al-Basit
Mapshee
25and2S

AH1188 / AD1774
These buildings, which formed part of the develop
ment of Abu'[ Dhahab on this site that was centered
13
on his mosque (no. 9B), were built-over ca. 1900
with a three-story building (see U27), one access
to which isthrough the hawd structure itself. Comit6 wooden
screens to the front of the watering trough meet at the cen
tral marble column of the facade. The timber ceiling dates to
the late nineteenth- / early twentieth-century construction.
The sabil has fine bronze grilles that match those on the
founder's mosque
Map he

AH823 / AD1420
'Abd al-Basit was the controller of the armies under
Sultan al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh; his influence declined,

however, with the accession of Sultan Barsbay, and

Sultan Barquq had him executed in AD1450. Before
this, he had endowed not only a fine mosque in Cairo but also
madrasas in Jerusalem, Mecca, and Damascus. His foundation in
Cairo takes the form of a cruciform madrasa with two stone
portals, a minaret, and a sabil-kuttab. The decorative stone and
wood elements throughout are of high quality. It was restored at
various times by the Corite, but most of the building isorginal.
In2003 the mosque was still undergoing a lengthy conservation.
Immediately opposite the eastern fagade of the mosque stood
the monumental entrace to the nineteenth-century palace of the
al-Bakri family, seen in a photograph published by Pauty (1933a,
pl. vnb). This was demolished in the 1950s and replaced with
modem school buildings.
Plan. Meinecke 1992, 1.157; SCAArchive
References Creswell 1919, 122; Burgoyne 1987, 519-20 (for biography). SetonWilliams and Stocks 198, 284; Meirecke 1992,11:326; Asfiour 2000, 253
ListIng and conservation: BCCMAA1892, 65-66; BCCMAA
1907, 98-99;
BCCMAA 1909, 25, 105; CCMM 1910, 26-27; Herz 1914 [1882-1910],
2; BCCiMAA
1911,27, 44, 50; BCCMAA
1912, 23, 49. BCCMAA 1913, 31;
BCCMAA
1914, 116; BCCMAA
1915-19, 129-31, 402, 432, 446, 464,
488, 585, 817; BCCMAA
1920-24, 54, 98, BCCMAA 1927-29, 188; BCCMA 1933-35, 157, 171,179; BCCAIAA
1936-40, 58, 62, 103, 212, 213,
215-17, 375, 380; 8CCMM 1946-53, 346, SCA2002, 120-22

61

Plan Courtesy Self al-Rashdi

References Crecelius 1978-79, Raymond 1979a, 283 (no. 116)
Listing and conscvation OCCMAA
1990, 51; Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 123,
BCCMAA 1915-19, 780, BCCMAA 1920-24, 166, 257, 258; Pauty
1931b, 161n 1

63
Qa'a and maq'ad in the waqf al-Sha'rani
AH1138 / AD1725
This house once belonged to the waf of the com
plex of al-Sha'rani (no. 59). The house had a
26
maq'ad with three arches and a painted ceiling; the
qaa was noteworthy for its water basin and marble
dado. Its position is incorrectly marked on the 1:5000 Map of
Mohammedan Monuments. Little remains of the structure of
this building except the portal adjacent to the maq'ad and the
bases of the columns to the maq'ad. The qa'a behind is still
roofed; it is currently used as a stable.
-

Plan SCAArchive
References Pauty 1933b, 62, 76 (no. 5); Pauty 1936, 37
Listing and conseivation: BCCMAA
1895, 87-88 (classification); Herz 1914
[1882-1910], 45; BCCMAA
1915-19, 502, 15; BCCMAA
1930-32, 168,142

Ribat of the wife of Sultan Inal

64

C6.AH860 1 AD1456

Known also as the ribat of Khawand Zaynab, this

building served as an asylum for indigents. One of
only a few buildings in Cairo. with the designation
ribat' (see also nos. 141 and 245), it takes the form
of a courtyard with two iwans and minor rooms arranged
around it (a much smaller version of the khanqah of Baybars
al-Gashankir [no, 32]). It was originally entered through a

Wikalat al-Ghui

Map sheet
25

100

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

Map sheet
20

AH909-10/ AD1504-5
This is one constituent of a vast complex, of which

this wikala, a house (no. 65), a maq'ad (no. 66), a

mausoleum and sabil-kuttab (no. 67), and a

mosque (no. 189) survive, built by the aesthete alGhuri, an unwilling sultan who was the penultimate Mamluk

ruler of Egypt. He died on eampaign in Syria against the

Ottomans, who were soon to control Egypt. AI-Ghur's build
ings represent, in scale and decorative ambition, the last
manifestation of traditional Mamluk architecture in Cairo
This three-story wikala gives an excellent impression of the
vertical scale of such buildings. An imposing groin-vaulted
entrance leads to a large courtyard surrounded by arched
arcades on the ground and first floors with mashrabiya windows
above. The building's restored fagade is similarly adorned with
mashrabiya. Almost completely rebuilt in the 1930s by the
Comiti, the wikala is currently used as a craft workshop.
Plan' Melnecke 1992, 1:199
References Creswell 1919, 156: Fauty 1936, 30-31: Ibrahim 1978, 27-28;
Scharabi 1978, 160; Aniund 1980, 40; Maury et al. 1982, 132-42.

Meinecke 1992, 1 455: Blair and Bloom 1995, 94, Garcin 1997, 78-79

Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1892, 69, SCCiAA 1896, 153-54, BCCMAA 1B7, 159-60; BCCMAA 1902, 35; BCCMAA 1903, 22-23; BCCMAA 1904, 16, SCCMM 1907, 49; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 64: BCCMAA 1915-19, 492, 782; BCCMAA 1920-24, 352; BCCMAA 1925-26,
32, Pauty 1931b, 160 n. 2; BCCMAA 1933-35, 149, 161, 174, 182;
BCCMAA 1936-40, 32, 36, 57, 266, 294, 296-98, 327, 333, BCCMAA
1941-45, 14, 29, 43, 60, 87, 127, 129, 152, 165, 273, 290, 320, 340,
345, 362: BCCMAA 1946-53, 12, 33, 46, 53-54, 64, B6, 98, 103, 105,
112,115, IB4, 188-89, 191,194, 254, 278, 309,325, 371-72, 381, 413,
419-20, 422, SCA2002, 105-12

65

House in the waqf of Sa'id Pasha

All 909-10 / AD1504-5

This house forms part of the major complex of al-

Ghuri, which extended from his mosque (no. 189)

Mps
to his wikala (no 64). The street favade was heavily
restored in the twentieth century by the Comite,
which added new mashrabiya to it, but the building is cur
rently derelict
20 sheet

Plan, SCAArchive (partial)

References- Pauty 1933b, 78 (no 17)
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1906, 31-32, Herz 1914 [1882-1910],
144; SCCMAA 1915-19, 783; BCCMAA 1920-24, 2BB, BCCMAA
1927-29, 216; BCCMAA 1930-32, 12, Pauty 1931b, 160 n. 1. BCCMAA
1936-40, 68, 103, 212, 214, BCCMA 1946-53, 182, 18B-89

66

Maq'ad of al-Ghuri

AH909-10 / AD1504-5
This triple-arched maq'ad is the only surviving part

of a palace that al-Churl built behind his

mau
soleum (no. 67), unless the house in the waqf of
Said Pasha to the north (no. 65) isconsidered to be
a part of this construction. The courtyard in front of it was used

as a burial ground during the late Mamluk period.

Map sh
20

Plan. Meinecke 1992, 1167

References: Creswell 1919, 152. Pauty 1933b, 79 [no 18), Mehrea 1972,

Revault and Maury 1979, 31-46, Ibrahim 1984, 59 n 51, Meinecke

1992, 11452; 01(ane 2000, 170

Wosting and consoervton. BCCMAA 1900, 81,BCCMAA 1902. 121,BCCMAA

1909, 58; Herz 1914 [1862-1910], 66, BCCMAA 1912, 94, BCCMAA
1915-19, 417, 782; Pauty 1931b, 159-60 n 2

67
Mausoleum and sabil-kuttab of al-Ghuri
AH909-10 / AD1504-5
apshbeetAfine ablaq portal opposite that of the mosque (no.
189) in this portion of the complex built by al
20
Ghun (see nos. 64-66) leads to a vestibule, adjacent
to which lie the tomb chamber and a separate
prayer space. The former has lost its dome (the original was
tiled) and is now covered with a flat roof. The tomb chambers
interior was heavily restored by the Comit6; its wall surfaces
are entirely covered in arabesque carving, with an inscription
band situated high on the wall. The adjacent prayer space has
an ornate wooden ceiling with a skylight and a marble dado
with an inlaid marble mihrab. These elements as well have been
heavily restored. Projecting into the street is an extremely large
three-sided sabil-kuttab, which still preserves a spectacular
salsabil in the sabil room. The sabil-kuttab, as well as other
rooms in the building, is used by the SCA as an inspectorate.
The street between this building and al-Ohuri's madrase was
roofed during the Ottoman period (if not earlier), and the stone
emplacements for this timber structure are still in position on
the western fagade at high level.
Plan: Meinecke 1992, I 167
References. Creswell 1919, 152, Kessler 1969, 262-63, Mehrez 1972;
Behrers-Abouscif 1987, 149-52, Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988,
265, Metiecke 1992, 11-451-52; Asrour 2000, 247-48
Listing and conservaion: BCMAA 1882-83 (2nd ed.)29, 32, 49-50, BCCMAA
1889, 67, 108, 118; BCCMAA 1890, 109;
1889, 67, 108, 118,BCCMAA
1891, 56; B0MM 1892 (2nd ed.),75 (classification of tomb).
BCCMAA
1896, 43; 8CCMA4
1893
(2nd ed.),68, 76-77, BCCMAA
114, BCCMAA
1899, 90-91, RCCMAA 1900, 26, 60-61. 100,
1898, 116, 122; LCCMAA
1907, 90, BCCMA4
1906, 102-3 BCCMAA
BCCMM 1905, 80| BCCMAA
1910, 91,Herz 1914 [11B2-19101,6 3; BCCMAA
1909,3,93-94; BCCMMA
1912, 54, BCCMAA 1913,10, B8,132, CCMAA1914, 107,139, BCCMAA
1915-19, 503, 782; BCCMAA 1920-24, 18, 23, 43, 96: BCCMAA
1925-26, 16, Pauty 1931b, 159-60 n. 2, BCCMAA1933-35, 103,107,
125-26, 158, 172, 180, 1B7-B8, 238, 242, 274-75, 283-85, 317-18,
80CMAA 1936-40, B,336, 338: BCC4A 1946-53, 146, 346, el-Zaher
and el-Ela 1995; SCA2002, 72-74, 412-16 (cistern)

68
Tomb of Muhammad al-Anwar
An 1195 / AD1780

Although the present structure of this tomb is

Ottoman, the original foundation is supposedly

Map
that of a Fatimid shaykh who died inAD1020. The

tomb is set back from the street and is approachea

by a green-and-white painted triLobed stone portal (dated

1780) that leads to a small courtyard with the mausoleum at
its end. The interior of the plastered-brick dome is painted
with arabesques; two inscriptions encircle the base and the

DFSCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

101

apex of the dome. The mihrab isbuilt into a corner of the tomb
chamber on the diagonal, an orientation shared by the adjacent
modern mosque.
Plan. CMP Survey
References: Creswell 1919, 59, Behrens-Abouself 1983, 7, Seton-Williams
and Stocks 1988, 336; Sayyd 1998. 361
Listing and Conservation' BCCMAA 1894, 16 (minaret and door]; Herz 1914
[1882-1910], 20: BCCMM 1915-19, 34, 80D: BCCMAA
1946-53, 209

69
Sabil-kuttab of Zayn al-Abidin
Eleventh century AHI Seventeenth century AD

This sabil-kuttat has a decoratively carved stone

fagade with elaborate strapwork, geometric motifs,
and an exceptionally tall trilobed muqarnas portal
The sabil, now in use as a school, has a painted
wood ceiling and salsabil hood. The large cistern beneath the
sabil has recently beer documented (SCA 2002).
Map sheet
13

Plan:SCAArchive
References. Pauty 1936, 23; Raymond 1979a, 261 (no. 57)
Conservation- BCCMAA 1887-88, 7, 33-34, BCCMAA 1890, 36; BCCMAA
1901, 84; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 168; BCCMAA 1915-19, 784: BCCMAA 1925-26, 38, SCA2002, 45-46, 409-12

70
Sabil-kuttab of Sulayman Bey al-Kharbutli
AH1047 / AD1637

This typical Ottoman sabil-kuttab with two match

ing fagades isattached to a wikala, whose ground
floor and corbels survive. The interior of the sabil
has a painted wood ceiling and a well-preserved
salsabil emplacement with a carved marble slab and muqarnas

Map sheet
13and20

hood.
Plan: SCA
Archive
References: Pauty 1936, 23, Raymond 1979a, 249 (no.2G)
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1907, 67, 104; BCCMAA 1909, 76, Herz
1914 [1882-1910], 150, SCCMAA 1915-19. 783; BCCMAA 1941-45,
363: SCA2092, 43-44

71
Sabil-kuttab of Khalil Effendi al-Muqati'gui
AH1042 / AD1632

This is an Ottoman period sabil-kuttab attached to

a wikala; the latter was previously listed together
with the sabil-kuttab but isnow deregistered. The
interior of the sabil has a painted wood ceiling and
the exterior is ornamented with stone-carved strapwork.
Map sheet
13

Plon:SCA Archive
References: Pauty 1936, 23; Raymond 19798, 248 (no 22)
Ls6ng and conservation BCCAA 1901, 8 (classification), 102-3, BCCMAA
1902, 7, BCCMAA 1903, 70; Here 1914 [1882-1910], 100; BCCMAA
1913, 33: BCCMAA 1915-19, 779; BCLMAA 1946-53. 146

102

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

72
House of Gamal al-Din al-Dhahabi
AH1044 / AD1634

Gamal al-Din al-DIahabi, the gold merchant who

built this house, was also the owner of a wikala (no.

20
411). The building stands on a wedge-shaped plot

and is organized around a courtyard with a fine

maq'ad and qa'a at first-floor level.

Mapsheet

Plan' Maury et ai 1983, 146

References Pauty 1933b, 56-57, 79 (no. 20); Pauty 1936, 37, Fathy 1969,

143-45, Ldzlne 1972a, 1-16: Maury et al. 1983, 142-50; Revault

1989, 43-59; Jaubert 1995, 198-99

Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1889, 114-15, BCCMAA

189 6, 163, 179;
1CCMAA 1897, 53-54, B0,91-92; BCCMAA 1898, 30-31, 113; BCCMAA1899, 8, 122, BCCMAA 1901, 75; BCCMAA
1903, 73: BCCMAA
1906,4, 53, 95; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 57; BCCMAA 1914,139; BCCMAA 1915-19, 769: BCCMAA 1927-29, 50; BCCMAA 1941-45,
294-95; BCCMAA 1946-53, 14,53, 177, 187, 208, 237, 284

73
Sabil-kuttab of Abu'1 Iqbal 'Arifin Bey
AH1125 / AD1713

This elaborately decorated sabil has carved stone

bosses, two marble inscription panels, tiled
lunettes, and strapwork carving. The portal has a
square hood with a distinctive design of pierced
muqarnas. Inside the sabil, a rare intact example of a room for
the water-works of such a complex survives, complete with
marble tanks and an opening to the cistern below. The building
was restored by the Comit6 in 1911.

Mapsheet
13

Plan SCAArchive

References: Pauty 1936, 23, 24; Raymond 19790, 263 (no 63)

Listing and conservCtion. BCCMAA

1890, 57-58; BCCMAA 1909, 49, Her,

1914 [1882-1910], 6: BCCMAA 1911,68; BCCMAA1915-19, 776,
BCCMAA 1946-53, 238, SCA2002, 42

74
Hawd of Qaytbay
Before AH901 / AD1496

Map sheet
13

This watering trough was built in continuation of

Sultan Qaytbay's development of this street (see

nos. 75 and 76 below) The interior is now about

one meter below street level. The rafraf and
wooden infill doors and panels are Comit6 creations. The build
ing was restored in 1998 by the Centre for Conservation and
Preservation of Islamic Architectural Heritage,

Plan. Courtesy Saieh Lame, Centre for Conservation and Preservatron of

Islamic Architectural Heritage
References: Meinecke 1992, 11:412-13
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1890, 117:BCCMdAA
1894, 40; BCCMAA
1895, 96-97; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 88: BCCMM 1915-19, 782,
Panty 1931b, 160-61 n 3; BCCMAA 1936-40, 294, 296, 297, 299;
BCCMAA 1946-53, 148

75
Wikala of Qaytbay
AH882 /AD 1477

Mapsheet This wikala bears comparison with Sultan

Qaytbay's other surviving wikala at the Bab al13
Nasr (no. 9). It has a fine stone fagade with carved
panels and medallions, as well as a trilobed entry
portal with muqarnas and an inscription band. The building is
still inhabited on its first floor. Only the corbels of the build
ing's original second floor survive; the interior courtyard has
vanished under later constructions, leaving only the northern
perimeter visible, A sabil-kuttab standing at its western end is

and Stocks 1988, 285: Jaubert 1995, 194; Garcin 1997, 68-69, 79;

O'Kane 2000, 157-58

Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1882-83 (2nd ed),44; BCCMAA 1901,
7; BCCMAA
1906, 91; BCCMAA 1907, 92, BCCMAA
1909, 42-43, Herz
1914 [1882-1910, 168; BCCMAA
1911,28, BCCMAA
1915-19, 784;
BCCMAA 1927-29, 167, BCCMAA

1930-32, 20, 145, 163, 262; BCCMAA 1933-35, 26. 39, 59, 62, 141,144, 148. 158, 160, 172, 180,182,
227; BCCMAA 1936-40, 15, 110,114,266; BCCMAA 1941-45, 67, 71,
81,108, 127, 139,348; BCCMAA 1946-53, 93. 95,167, 170, 181,296;
BIFA0 84 (1984); 349

96
Madrasat al-Ghanamiya

separately listed (no. 76).

Plan: Mostafa 1992, 262
References. Creswell 1919, 142; Higashi 1974 Scharabi 1978, 159; Aalund
1980, 40; Seton-Wi1linams and Stocks 198B, 264; Meinece 1992,
11:412-13
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA
1882-83 (2nd ed), 43-44, 57; OCCMAA
189, 147-48: BCCMAA 894,95-96, BCCMAA 1896, 167,172; BCCMAA 1910, 51,Herz 1914 (1882-1910], 86; BCCM/A 1915-19, 782;
8CCMAA 1930-32, 217: Pauty 1931 b,100-61 a.3: BCCMAA 1946-53,
SSO,
188-S9, 237* SCA2002, 86-90

76
Sabil-kuttab of Qaytbay
AH882 / AD 1477

This building has beautiful carved stone details,

including an engaged column at the corner of the
sabil, and a trilobed entry portal, It is classified
separately from the adjacent wikala (no. 75),
although they form an integral whole. The mashrabiya window
over the entry portal isprobably not original.
Plan. SCA
Archive
Map sheet
13

References Creswell 1919, 142, Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 264,

Meinecke 1992, 11:412-13
Listing and Conservation: 8CCMAA 182-83 (2nd ed.), 28-29; BCCMAA
1887-8, 9, 55, BCCMAA 1889, 55-56; RCCMAA 1890, 35, 101; BCCMAA 1901, 8: BCCMAA 1910, 15, Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 85, BCCMAA 1911,68, BCCMAA 1915-19, 782, BCCMAA 1920-24, 335, BCCA(A 1925-26, 1, Pauty ?931, 160-67 ri. 3: SCA2002, 79-84,
424-26

77
House in the waqf of Zaynab Khatun
Ald873 and 1125 / AD1468 and 1713
Map sheet This courtyard house, built by the soqi (cup-bearer)
of Sultan Gaqmaq, Mithqal al-Suduni, was enlarged
13
during the Ottoman period. Particularly noteworthy
are the maqad and avast first-floor qa'a for summer
use. The house was recently restored by the SCA and is used
periodically for cultural events.
Plan Maury et al 1982, 109 (first floor)
References Pauty 1933b, 53-55, Bo (no 24): Panty 1936, 37, Revault and
Maury 1979, 1-12, Maury et al. 1982, 99ff., 199-201; Seton-Williams

AH774 1 AD1372
once a ga'a of a palace constructed
was
room
This
Map sheet
inAD1372 by the vizier Shakir ibn Ghanam. Jt was
subsequently converted into a madrasa with the
addition of a minaret (see U26) externally and two
ihrabs nternally. A beautiful wooden muqarnas salsabil hood
survives at the northern end of the qa'a. The qa'a stands in iso
lation today, its surrounding context demolished with the
building of the al-Azhar University campus in the 1950s. It was
restored by the SCA in 1997-2000.
Plon, SCAArchive
References-Creswell 1919, 113-14; Creswell 1922. 48, Pauty 1933b, 46. 80
(no. 23), Lezine 1972bc 112-15, 130; Maury et al 1982, 86-B7; Hanna
1984, 33; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 265; Meinucke 1992,
||.253
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA
18B2-83 2nd ed.), 44-45: BCCMAA
1899, 42; Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 61; BCCMAA 1915-19, 89, 110-14,
511, 516, 546, 554, 583, 695, 773, 778; BCCMAA 1920-24, 339, 360,
BCCMAA 1930-32, 144, 163; BCCMAA 1941-45, 72; BCCMAA
1946-53, 297, BlFAO86 ( 986), 369

97
Mosque of al-Azhar
Air 359-51 / AD970-72
Founded by the Fatimids as the principal congrega
tional mosque of the royal city of al-Qahira, the
mosque of al-Azhar ('the Shining'] has undergone
numerous additions and extensions over time, It
has functioned as ateaching center more or less since its foun
dation, attracting students from all parts of the Islamic world,
The most notable surviving Fatimid components of the mosque
are the keel-arches in the courtyard, the dome behind the cen
tral arch of the courtyard on the qibia side, and the stucco
conch of the mihrab on the central axis. During the Mamluk
period, individually dedicated madrasas were added to the
north and west of the main courtyard.To the southwest lies the
Map sheet
13

madrasa of the amir Taybars (AD1309), whose fine marble

inlaid mihrab survives, To the northwest lies the madrasa of the

amir Aqbugha, with its adjacent domed tomb chamber and
minaret (1333-39). To the northeast isthe small but finely dec
orated madrasa of the eunuch Gawhar (the treasurer of Sultan
Barsbay), whose tomb here is adorned with a carved masonry

D ESC R IPTIVE

CATALOG U E

103

dome (1440). Sultan Qaytbay built a gateway (1488) and

minaret (ca. 1495) on the central axis to the west of the court
yard. The largest minaret of the mosque was added by Sultan
al-Ghuri in 1510; it contains a double-helix spiral stair and is
topped by a two finials that are square in plan, Dunng the
Ottoman period, 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda significantly
enlarged the riwaqs on the qibla side and added (in 1751-52)
two distinctive double-arched gateways to the southern and
western perimeters, another portal on the east, and three
minarets (two of which survive). His tomb is located on the
southeastern side of the mosque. At the beginning of the twen
tieth century, Khedive 'Abbas II Hilmi built a large extension to
house the students and a library on the southern and western
sides of the complex.
The original context for the mosque, and its ancient ablu
tions area, were destroyed from the 193Ds onward by the
development of Shari' al-Azhar as a major thoroughfare and by
the creation of the new al-Azhar University campus to the east
of the mosque. The entire mosque was heavily restored and
cleaned in 1998-2000.
Plon:

Creswell 1952 (fig. 20) (showing. in dashed lines, the northern exten
sions prior to demolition)
References: Flury 1912; Creswell 1919, 49-51; Pasty 1932, 107; Lamm

1935-36, 68-69, 80-81 (woodwork); Sameh 1946, 41-58; Creswell

1952, 36-64, 254-57; Ibrahim 1970-71, 31-33, 37-38; Raymond

1972, 239; King 1984, 116-17 Behrens-Abouseif 19B7, 62-66, Seton-

Wiliams and Stocks 1988, 256-63, Meinecke 1992,11-25, 94,105, 139,

176, 220, 229, 291, 307, 318, 338, 361, 397, 438, 470, Raymond 1995,

101-3; Robbat 1996; Bierman 1998, 4, 6, 44, 50-51, 73-74, 135, 176

n 65, 178 n,93; Sayyid 1998, 191-207; O'Kane 1999, 154-55; D'Kane

2000, 158-59; Barrucand 2002, Tabbaa 2002, 70, 80, 110, 129

Usting and conservnation BCCMA 1882-83 [2nd ed),34, BCCMAA

1890,
101-5: BCCMAA
1891, 48; BCCMAA 1894, 50-51, 139-40; BCCMAA
1896, 27-29, 58-59, 93-94, 149: COAIAA
1897, 99, 117,149-50,156,
BCCMAA
1898, 140, SCCMAA
1899, 20-21, BCCMAA 1901,90, BCCMAA 1902, 46; BCCMA4 1903, 28, SCCMAA
1907, 94; BCCAA 1908,
74-75; BCCMAA 1909, 21-22; BCCMAA 1910, 14; Herz 1914
[1882-1910], 25; BCCMAA 1915-19, 323, 490, 550. 682, 695, 776, 821,
BCCMAA
1920-24, 258, 333; BCCAAA 1933-35, 26, 39, 41,46, 47,158,
172, 180, BCCMAA
1936-40, 103, 110,112, 113,151,154,173,177,17,
294, 295, 341, 342, 344, 345, 346; BCCMAA
1941-45,139-40,151, 198,
219, 264; BCCMAA
1946-53. 11,147, 167-68, 202; el-Zaher and el-Ela
1995, Ahunbay 2000; C.Willams 2002, 461; Sanders 2004 passim

98
Mosque of Muhammad Bey Abu'I Dhahab
AH1188 / AD1774
Bey Abu'l Dhahab ruled Egypt for four
Muhammad
Mapsheet
years after he ousted his master, 'Ali Bey al-Kabir,
13
in AD 1772. This magnificent complex, which
includes a tomb and library as well as a sabil and a
watering trough [listed separately; see no B2), is one of the
most impressive eighteenth-century structures in Cairo. Built
on a raised platform, with shops beneath, the mosque has a
screen wall to the north, and a shallow domed arcade to the
north, soith, and west of the large central dome that covers

104

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

the prayer-space. The minaret isfreestanding, with square tiers.

The ablutions area is located in part of the complex known as
the takiya of Abu'l Dhahab (U27) that was built to the west
early in the twentieth century.
Plnn:Mostafa 1992, 318
References: Pauty 1936, 11, 16, Creclius
1978; Crecelius
1979: Behrens
Abouseif 1987, 162-64, Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 263-64
Liting and conservation:
BCCMAA 1890, 51, BCCMAA 1893 (2nd ed),
14-15, 21; BCCMAA 1901, 114; BCCMAA 1906, 25, 52, BCCMAA
1909, 61-B2; BCCMAA 1910, 13, Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 122: BCCMAA 1915-19, 182-87, 318, 322, 332, 425, 584, 773, 780, 818 BCCMAA 1927-27, 188; BCCMAA
1930-32, 15; Pauty 1931b, 161 n. 1
BCCMAA 1933-35, 37, BCCMAA 1946-53, 146, 285; SCA2002,
117-18

102
Mosque of al-Ayni
AH814 / AD1411

This mosque was built for a prominent Hanai

judge who served three sultans: Barquq, al
Mu'ayyad Shaykh, and Barsbay. he died inAD1451,
having already restored his own complex, which
included his tomb, in 1431 The northern and eastern fagedes
of this mosque give the appearance of being modern, but the
stone may merely have been plastered and false-pointed. There
is an inscription band on the entry portal at the eastern
fagade. The main part of the mosque consists of a gaa to the
north of the entrance; its interior has been heavily painted,
and the mihrab's original tiles, for which the mosque was
famous, have also been overpainted or destroyed. Off this
room lies the tomb chamber, which has beautiful painted
wood muqarnas squinches.
Mapsheet
13

Plan:

Kessler 1971
References: Creswell 1919, 120, Mostafa 1982, 110-11; Ibrahim and
O'Kane 1988; Seton-Wililams and Stocks 1988, 264, Meinecke 1992,
1:312, 349
Listing end conservation BCCMAA 1896, 47-48, 58. Herz 1914
[1882-1910, 12, 8CCMAA 1912, 25, 50, DCCMAA 1915-19, 819, BCCMAA1930-32, 191,200, 231: BCCMAA
1933-35, 157, 171,179, BCCMAA 1936-40, 13, 110,114; BCCMAA 1941-45, 72: BCCMAA
1946-53, 146

103
Zawiya of Ahmad ibn Shaban
Tenth century AllI Sixteenth century AD
This zawlya has a trilbed entry portal with deco
rative stone strapwork, which isflanked by a small
sabil that retains portions of a wood inscription
over the window-grille. The entire fa9ade isheavily
overpainted at present. The entrance leads through a short
corridor with an original painted wood ceiling to an open court,
to the east of which lies the zawiya proper and the burial place
of the shaykh after whom the building isnamed. The prayer
space consists of two arcades supported on reused antique
columns; traces of the original painted ceiling survive. The
Mapsheet
6

mihrab and minbar are not original. To the north, behind a large
mashrabilya screen, is the stone-vaulted tomb area with a
separate stone mihrab surrounded by strapwork.
Plan CMP Survey
References. None
Listng and conservation. RCCAAA 19D6, 97 (classification of sabil only),
lIerz 1914 [18B2-1910], 9, BCCMAA 1915-19, 776; SCA2002,113-16

105
Mausoleum of Sudun al-Qasrawi
Before All 873 / AD1468
Sudun was an amir and dawadar of Sultan Inal; he
became commander of the corps of Mamluks
before dying on the battlefield in Aleppo in AD
1468. The only part of his complex that appears to
be original isthe tomb chamber, which has a ribbed plastered
brick dome. The remainder of the building, including the prayer
hall and entrance, seems to be a reconstruction dating to the
latter part of the nineteenth century.
Ma1sheet
13

Plan, Kessler 1971

References, Creswell 1919, 137, Pauty 1929, 14B-50 and pl.vi 29 (muqar
nas); Kessler 1969, 265-66; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 269;
Meirecke 1992, 1!393
Listing and conservation- BCCMAA 1890, 56-57, SCCMAA 1896, 22; Herz
1914 [1882-19101, 152; BCCMAA 1915-19, 783

109
Mosque of al-Fakahani and Fatimid doors
AH 1184/ AD1736; AH644 / AD1149 (doos)
This mosque, nicknamed 'the mosque of the
Mapsheet Fruitsellers' was built by Ahmad Katkhuda alKharbutli in AD 1735 on the site of the Fatimid
mosque of the khalif al-Zafir(r. 1149-54). Two pairs
of magnificently carved doors from the Fatimid structure were
reused; these were the first parts of the mosque to be regis
tered in 1908, with the remainder of the building, including a
sabil-kuttab, following in 1937. The interior has a large number
of antique columns, perhaps also reused from the earlier
structure. The building takes the form of a courtyard mosque

raised above shops; in this case, the courtyard isroofed and has

a skylight. There is a painted wood cornice throughout the

arcades and a tiled surround to the upper level of the mihrab.

The mosque was restored by the SCA inthe late 1990s, and the

southwestern section of the building has been totally rebuilt.

Plan. SCAArchive

References' Creswell 1919, 64, Lamm 1935-36, 84 (doors and woodwork];

Hanna 1984, 41-42: Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 269, Meinecke

1992, 11.94,360; Bierman 1998, 181 n, 12; Savyid 1998, 544-47
(Featimid
foundation)
1908,18-19; Hlerz 1914 [1882-19101,53
Listing and conservation BCCMAA
1915-19,3B, 402, 773, 777; 8CCMAA 1920-24, 255; BCCMA
BCCMAA
1925-26, 38, BCCMA4 1936-40, 68. BCCMAA 1946-53, 201, 293

107

112

Mosque of Kafur al-Zimam

Mosque of Aslam al-Silahdar

AH829-30 / AD1425-26

Kafur ('camphor') was an Anatolian eunuch who

became supervisor of SuLtan Farag ibn Barquq's harim
in the Citadel in AD1408 and later served al
Mu'ayyad Shaykh as treasurer before retiring to
Medina and heading the corps of eunuchs that guarded the
Prophet's tomb. He died in 1427. A fine inscription band runs
across the mosque's northern and eastern fagades. The physical
evidence suggests that the eastern fagade originally continued
some way to the south. The main portal has inlaid marble geo
metric kufic panels as well as a lower-level stone inscription. The
building's plan is cruciform, with greatly abbreviated lateral
iwans. The courtyard was once covered; little of the roof survives,
but a high-level inscription band with the blazon of the founder
isstill visible, The gibla iwan's painted wood ceiling, raised on
large wooden squinches, isalmost certainly a later addition, for it
cuts across the windows inthe fagade. An Ottoman sabil-kuttab,
which has two fine stone corbels, stands adjacent to the north
western corner of the building These components indicate that
the entire mosque was remodeled during the Ottoman period.
Map sheet

13

Plan: SCA Archive

References* Creswell 1919, 124, Wiet 1965, Seton-William's and Stocks
1988, 268, Meincke 1992,11,340-41; O'Kare 2000, 162-63
1909, 29, Herz 1914
1890, 79; BCCMAA
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA
[1882-1910, 82; BCCA4 1911,68; BCCMAA 1912, 24,49,89; BCCMAA
1915-19, 322, 359,
1913j 49, 97, 760; BCCMA 1914, 2,19, 58; BCCMAA
1920-24, 257, BCCMAA 1946-53, 211,284
369, 585, 779. BCCMAA

AH745-46 / AD1344-45

It is probable that Aslam, the swordbearer of

Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, first built his tomb on
the site and followed it with the mosque, as the
tomb has a highly decorated ablay portal of its
own that is now located within the mosque. The mosque's
southern fagade was heavily rebuilt by the Comite, with large
areas of new stonework and new crenellations. There are
three inscription bands on the main portal on the southern
facade and on the subsidiary portal on the western fagade.
The ribbed plastered-brick dome over the tomb chamber is in
good condition, with a rare tile-mosaic inscription band that
is largely intact on the northern side of the drum (the com
plementary inscription band, on the drums's south, is entirely
missing). Only the lower story of the minaret is original. The
sahn, probably open originally, was roofed by the Comite with
a steel structure The painted ceilings of the qibla and south
iwans are intact; those in the other awans are recent replace
ments A wooden inscription band (most of it illegible or
replaced, except in the qibla iwan) runs across the interior.
The mihrab of the mosque is plain, with a few fragments of
the original marble revetment in place, and that in the tomb
chamber has afine stucco hood. Awooden dikka occupiesthe
western iwan.
shet
Map

Pan' Meinecke 1992 '163, SCAArchive for area to east

References Creswell 1919, 101,Pauty 1929, 146 (muqarnas); Meinecke

DFSCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

105

1977, 117-19; Karnouk 1981, 117, 119 (rindad; J Williams 1984, 36,
40; Karim 1988 Meinecke 1992, 11.201;
O'Kane 2000, 159-60
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA
1887-88,
6: BCCMAA 1898, 36, BCC
MAA 1900, 7, 48; SCCMAA 1905, 65; BCCMkAA

190E,98, OCCMAA
1909, 139; Herz 1914 11882-1910], 24; BCCAM 1911, 65, BCCMAA
1912, 83; BCCMAA 1913, 83; BCCMAA
1915-19, 94-96, 643, 683, 709,
773, 776, 82D BCCMAA 1920-24, 95, 154, 256-57, 3S9, BCCMA
1936-40, 13

113
Tomb of Azdumur
Before AK922 /AD1517
The form of this now-derelict structure, located
immediately to the north of the tomb of the amir
Tarabay (no. 255), more closely resembles a
zawiya than a tomb. It was built by a secretary of
Sultan al-Ohuri and is not to be confused with a tomb of the
same name (monument no. 90) in the northern cemetery. The
main entrance, through a square-headed portal with flat
muqarnas decoration, is on the eastern side of the building.
This leads through a dog-legged corridor into a double wan
space with two mihrabs; vestiges of residential units constitute
the remainder of the first floor.Two cenotaphs in the southern
Iwan may be later burials. A blocked entrance to the building
from a street along the western edge of the site was exposed
by excavations in 2000, as was the entrance to a crypt under
the northern iwan.
Mapsheet

Plan- CMP Survey

References: Scton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 314; Meinecke 1992, 11-453
Listing and conservation, BCCMAA 1899, 115; BCCMAA 1910, 11, Herz
1914 [1882-19101, 169; BCCMAA 1915-19, 776

114

Mosque of Qagmas al-Ishaqi

/ AD 1480
This mosque ismore commonly known by the name
Mapshe
of Shaykh Abu Hurayra or Hariba, who was buried
14
here in the nineteenth century. The founder, an
important amir of Sultan Qaytbay, died in
Damascus. The mosque is built on a triangular plot, and iscon
nected by a bridge to its ablutions court on the other side of a
street to the northwest. It is one of the most lavishly decorated
of the Gaytbay-period monuments and was heavily restored by
the Comit6 in 1896. It would seem that the listing does not
extend to the hawd (occupied by a shop) and kuttab (still in use
as a school) also on the other side of the street to the north
west. The complex takes the form of acruciform madrasa, with
a sabil, minaret, dome over the tomb chamber, and two portals
The main portal faces west and isembellished with ablaq deco
ration (also found over the window heads). The secondary portal
(on the eastern fadade) istoday disused. The whole building is
constructed above shop units, which are today substantially
underground. The sabil (which has a separate access from the
street) isderelict, but a fine salsabil with wooden muqarnas
hood and a painted wood ceiling ispreserved within.
AH885

106

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

Plan. Meinecke 1992, 1159 (mezzanine)

References Creswelil

1919, 145; Kessler 1969, 265, J.Williams 1984, 39. pl

6; Behrens-Abouseif 1989, 151-52: Meinecke 1992, 11418, Asfour

2000, 241, 249, 253, 256-57, Seton-Watson 2900,61-64

Listing and conservation. SCCMAA 1892,85-89 (with plan); BCCMAA 1393

(2nd d.), 51-52, 79, 113-14, BCCMAA 1894, 13-14, 19, 41, 82,
103-04 120, 133, BCCMAA 1895, 20, 28, 44, 48-49, 96, BCCMAA
1896, 41, 128-29, 162; BCCMAA 1897, 24, 53, 83, 68-69, 98-99,
109-110; OCCMAA
1898, 8-9, 20. 61, BCCMAA 1899, 66; BCCAIAA
190, 34, 58; BCCMAA 1901, 6-7, BCCMAA 1902, 33, 48, 74: BCCMA4
1903, 30, SCCMAA 1905, 48-49; BCCMIAA
1906,24,76,109, BCCMAA
1907, 18-19; BCCMAA 1908, 66-67; BCCMAA 1909, 63, Herz 1914
[1882-1910], 103-4; BCCMAA 1915-19, 782, 835, BCCMAA 1930-32,
24; BCCMAA 1946-53, 293

115
Mosque of Ahmad al-Mihmandar
AH725 / AD1324
This mosque, originally built by an amir of Sultan
al-Nasr Muhammad, was restored by the Ottoman
sultan Ahmet Ill in AD1722. A passageway (now
blocked) once led through the building to the street
behind; the mosque was part of a complex that included a
qaysariya and rab' (now lost). The mosque is entered from a fine
ablaq portal with a bull's-eye window and two inlaid marble
inscription bands, Only the lower section of the plastered-brick
minaret is original. The tomb chamber has a ribbed plIstered
brick dome; the marble inscription on the founder's cenotaph
within is more or less intact With the exception of the qibla
iwan's painted wood ceiling, the mosque's interior is without
decorative interest.
Plan Meinecke 1992, 1.64 ; SCAArchive (ablutions area)
Mapsheet
14

References Creswell 1919, 95; Pauty 1929, 146 (muqarnas], Meinecke

1992, 11.139;Bierman 1998, 141,142, Seton-Watson 2000, 68-71,
Asfour 2000, 244-46; O'Kane 2000, 159; Karim 2002, 44
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1882-83 (2nd ed), 47; BCCMAA 1884,
15-16, OCCMAA1886, 4-5, CCMAA 1890, 86, BCCMAA 1891, 25,
BCCMAA
1892, 100, 110;BCCMAA 1894, 15-16, 8CCMAA 1897, 21.
Hert 1914 [1882-1910], 117,BCCMA41918-19, 780, 830

116
Mosque of al-Salih Tala'i'
AH 555

/ AD1160

This mosque was built by the wazir of the Fatimid

khalif al-Fa'iz: the amir al-Salih Talai. The build
ing, an early example of a mosque built above
shop units, takes the form of a courtyard sur
rounded by arcades of antique columns. The ground level
around the building has risen by two to three meters since its
construction; the entire structure is now surrounded by an
artificial trench that allows access to the shop units (some of
which arc still in use), The Interior isapproached through an
unusual portico of keel-arches (a Comiti reconstruction) sup
ported on antique columns. The mashrabiya screens to either
side of the portico are copies of the original maqsura screens
Map sheet
21

(now in the Islamic Museum), as are the bronze-plated doors.

There are two subsidiary entrances on the northern and
southern fagades.
The most significant restoration work carried out on the
mosque was executed by the Comit in the 1920s and 1930s,
whcn the building was disengaged from the accretive structures
that surrounded it and most of the faqades entirely recon
structed. The original arcades are those on the qibla side: the
lateral arcades and the western, or entry, arcade are recon
structions by the Comitd, which rebuilt much of the mosque
to conform to their idea of what such a Fatimd mosque
should look like. During this process, a Mamluk replacement
for the northern arcade and a Mamluk/Ottoman minaret were
demolished. The keel-arches of the qibla riwaqs are decorated
with a band of carved stucco inscription around their perime
ter, and they are connected to one another with carved wood
tie-beams. Little of the Mamluk mihrab's decoration survives.
The fine wooden minbar with panels of geometric decoration,
endowed on the mosque in AD1300 by the amir Baktimur alGukandar, was restored in 1998 by the EAP. Subsequent to
this, another (extremely heavy) restoration of the entire building
has been carried out by the SCA.
Plan:Meinecke 1992, 1:63
References: Creswell 1919, 66; Pauty 1931a: Pauty 1932b, 111(fig 14) and

112-13; Lamrn 1935-36, 86-87. Creswell 1952, 275-88. Ibrahim,

1970-71, 33-35, 38, arcin 1970,102-4; Karnouk 1981, 117and n 31;
120 and n. 2, 129 (oinbar); Ilanna 19B4,19: Meinecke 1992, II 89, 94,
359, 414: ARCE/EAP 1995, Jaubert 1995, 189; Bierman 1998, 103,
117-20, 119,127, 131,141,179 n 93, 181-82 n. 13, Sayyid 1998,
547-58: Seton-Watson 2000, 45-54, al-Harithy 2001, 80, 86: Sanders
2004, 127-28, 133
Listng and conservation BCCMdAA
1887-88, 5-6; BCCMAA 1897, 26-27,
152; 8CCMAA 1898, 105, Herz 1914 (182-1910], 146; BCCA4AA
1911, 426, 436, BCCMAA1915-19, 524, 555, 783; OCCMAA
1920-24,
586. 589; BCCMAA 1930-32, 103-19; Pauty 1931b, 159 n 1, BCCMAA 1936-40, 2, 6, 13, 52, 56, 104, 205-7, 243, 246, 272-73,
275-76, 270-79, 280, 312, 314, 326, 333, 375, 377-78; BCCMAA
1941-45, 56, 152, 175, 322, 345; BCCMAA 1946-53, 140; Sanders
2004, 127-28, 133

117
Mosque of Mahmud al-Kurdi
AH795 / AD1393
Mahmud al-Kurdi, the majordomo of Sultan
Barquq, built this madrasa prior to falling out of
favor. The fagade has a high-level inscription band
and a trilobed portal with muqarnas, above which
is located the minaret The doors have their original metal
revetments, and there are fine bronze grilles to the windows
with decorated wooden frames, The tomb chamber has a stone
dome with ribbed horizontal chevrons (Ibrahim [1976] distin
guishes it as the earliest appearance of this motif on a dome)
and an inscription. The interior underwent major restoration in
the late 1990s, and the minaret has been plastered white.
Plan: Melnecke 1992, 1191
Mapsheet
21

References Creswell 1919,117, Pauty 1929, 148 (muqarns), Ibrahim 1976,

9; Mostara 1982, 99-100; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 319,

Meinecke 1992, 11285-86: D'Kane 2000, 160, 162-63, 164
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1889, 64, 83, BCCMAA 1897, 62-63;
BCCMAA 1901. 68, BCCMAA 1905, 53; BCCMAA 1909, 33, 75; Hera
1914 [1882-19101, 106; BCCMAA 1915-19. 780, BCCMAA 1927-29,
188; C.Williams 2002, 463 n. 25

118
Mosque of Inal al-Yusufi
An 794 1AD1392-93
to as Inal al-Atabaki, the founder was
referred
Also
Mapsheet
an amir of Sultan Sha'ban II. His complex resem
21
bles that of Mahmud al-Kurdi (see no. 117) slight
ly to the north, with one important exception: the
plan is orthogonal with no adjustment to qibla internally: the
result is that the qibla orientation differs greatly from that of
other mosques in the area. Blazons distributed throughout the
building indicate that Inal was the armorer (sdIahdor) to the
sultan. The mosque has an inscribed trilobed portal, a satil
kuttab with a reused antique column at the southwestern cor
ner of the site, a minaret located directly over the main
entrance, and a stone rbbed dome. The kuttab is a rebuilding
by the Comit4. The internal plan of the mosque is a simple
four-iwan structure
Plan; Meinecke 1992, 1,159
References: Creswell 1919,117; Mostafa 1982, 96-99, Seton-Williams and
Stocks 1988, 121-22; Menecke 1992,11:282; O'Kane 2060,160, 162
Listing and conscrvation- BCCMAA 1897, 92; BCCMAA 1899, 70, BCCMAA
1901, 68, 103; BCCMAA 1902, 18; BCCMAA 1904, 79; Her, 1914
(1882-1910], 81; BCCMAA 1915-19, 779

119
Mosque of Ganibak
AH 830

/AD1426

The founder of this building was a mamluk of

'Mapshee
Sultan Barsbay. Although the complex contains a
21
tomb, Ganibak was buried-after his premature and
suspicious death at the age of 25-by Barsbay in
another tomb in the latter's complex in the northern cemetery.
The mosque has a fagade of two bays and is entered by a
trilobed ablaq portal with muqarnas. There are three inscrip
tions on the portal, one of which takes the form of an inlaid
geometric kufic panel. The stone masonry dome over the tomb
chamber has chevrons and a carved inscription on its surface.
The minaret (also incribed) is located to the right of the
entrance. Much of the building's decoration survives, including
bronze window grilles, doors, marble pavements, and a beauti
ful muqarnas ceiling in the entry vestibule. The painted wood
ceilings of the qibla and southern !wans are original, thatof the
western [wan is substantially new, and that of the northern
iwan is in extremely bad condition-the result of an obvious
failure of the roof. The mihrab has lost its marble lining; the
minbar, although original, is heavily overpainted. Modern shop
units to the south of the building conceal the remains of a sub
sidiary portal with an empty inscription band.

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

107

Plan. Memecke 1992, 1158

Rcfcrences. Creswell 1919, 124; Pauty 1929, 148, fig. 16, and pi vi 26
344
(muqarmas),Seton-Wilhiams and Stocks 1988, 320; Meinecke 1992,11
Lasting and conservation: BCCMAA 1908, 57; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 59,
BL'MAA 1911, 23, 27, 50, 75, 87, BCCA4AA1913, 10, 33: BCCMAA

1915-19, 131-32, 403, 446, 464. 585, 777; BCCMAA 1927-29, 92, 94
BCCMAA 1946-53, 89, 91-92, 291, 360

120
Mosque of al-Maridani
AN738-40 / AD1337-39
pshee This mosque was built by the anir Altunbugha al
Mardan, the cup-bearer and son-in-law of Sultan
14
al-Nasir Muhammad. It is a large, richly decorated
courtyard mosque with two major portals to the
north and west and a minor portal to the south. The original
context of the western portal (which isdecorated) is uncertain,
since it no longer faces a significant street Although the south
ern portal, in contrast, faces a street, it is plain. The decorated
northern portal has fine marble work and two inscription bands.
A further inscription band runs across the upper part of the
mosque's crenellated perimeter wall. The original minaret and
wooden dome above the mihrab, supported on antique granite
columns, are in good condition; the upper tier of the minaret
and the dome are Comite replacements. The outer qibla arcade
was entirely rebuilt by the Comit6 during extensive restorations
from 1895 to 1903. The fountain pavilion in the center of the
sahn was brought from the madrasa of Sultan Hlasan (no. 133)
one of two originally in that madrasa-and installed at the
same time (it has recently been totally reconstructed).
Crenellations line the perimeter of the courtyard, which is
flanked on the side of the qibla arcades by a magnificent
inscribed turned-wood screen, and on the northern and southern
sides by low marble balustrades The wooden screen may have
been built to screen off the qibla arcades from pedestrian traffic
using the mosque as a shortcut between streets. The qibla wall
has a fine marble dado and inlaid marble mihrab; adjacent to
which is the original minbar. The foundation inscription is
mounted on the northern wall within the qibla arcades.
Plan:Meinecke 1992, LEO
References: Creswell 1919, 100-101, Pauty 1929, 148 (muqamas); Pauty
1932, 118-19; Meinecke 1977, 107-12, Karnouk 1981, 115,116, 120
and n. 2 and pl iiI (manbar); J Williams 19B4, 36, 40; Seton-Williams
and Stocks 1988, 308-9, Behrens-AboiseIf 1989, 113-15: Meinecke
1992,11178: Blair and Bloom 1995, 81. Asfour 2000. 243-44, 248-49,
al-Harithy 2000, 232; O'Kane 2000, 164-65; Seton-Watson 2000,
76-80; Karim 2002, 44
Listng and conscervbon. BCCMAA 1084, 19, BCCMAA 1892, 70; BCCMAA
18u3 (2nd ed), 88: BCCMAA 1894, 36, 77, 126-30, BCCMM 1896,
128, SCCMAA 1897, 65-56, 64, 71,10910, 130, 148; BCCMAA 1898,
9-10, 75, 115; BCCMAA 1899, 23, 54-55, 66, 88, 113; BCCMAA 1900,
45, BCCMAA 1901, 8,22,65, 87, 90-91, BCCMAA 1902, 83, 116, 120;
OCCMAA
1903, 6, BCCMAA 1905, 15, 34 BCCMAA 1906, 28-29; BCCMAA 1909, 61, 149-S0, Herm1914 11882-1910], 114-15 BCCMAA
1915-19, 780, 830, BCCMAA 1936-40. 295; BCCMAA 1946-53. 50,
54-55, 57, 90-91, 117, 235-36, 254, 291, 298, 309, 342

108

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

123
Mosque of Aqsunqur
AH747 / AD 1346

Aqsunqur (the White Falcon') was a son-in-law of

Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad; he eventually married
al-Nasir Muhammad's widow. The mausoleum to
the north of the entrance (built in AD1341) pre
dates the foundation of the mosque itself and is not correctly
aligned to qibia, following the orientatioq of the street. It con
tains the graves of several of al-Nasir Muhammad's sons,
including the child-sultan Kujuk. A plaster inscription band
adorns the interior of the first tomb built on the northern corner
of the site. Aqsunqur and his wife are buried next to the southern
wall of the mosque Hear the qibla arcades. The mosque is
unusual for its stucture, using piers to support stone vaults. The
outer qibla arcade must also originally have been constructed
with similar vaults, which were most likely changed by Ibrahim
Agha Mustahfizan in his 1652 restoration of the building, when
he added his own tomb and the tiles for which this mosque is
now famous. The minaret has a plain circular shaft and was
originally composed of four tiers: the third was omitted in the
Comitis reconstruction. The mosque was built by the same
architect as the mosque of al-Maridani (do. 120) further to the
north along the Darb al-Ahmar.
The main portal takes the form of a large pointed arch
springing from corbels, and two subsidiary entrances lead into
the northern and southern riways. A square ablutions enclosure
with an octagonal water basin occupies the center of the sahn,
although the original ablutions area probably stood outside the
boundary of the mosque itself.
The vaulted qibla riwaqs have a maqsura dome over the
Mamluk inlaid-marble mihrab, which has one original inscription
around the inside of its hood and another on the right-hand
side. The dikka and minbar are of stone (the latter inlaid with
marble), with wooden doors. The qibla wall is constructed on a
slight batter and is lined with the blue,-and-white Iznik tiles
that give the mosque its popular designation: the Blue Mosque.
The tomb chamber of Ibrahim Agha is also decorated with these
tiles, and an important inscription commemorating his restoration
straddles the entrance to the minaret at ground level.
Map sheet
8 and is

Plan:Kessler 1971
References- Creswell 1919, 102-4; 1.Williams 1969, 457; Mantran 1972,
215; Meinecke 1973, 9-38, Meinecke-Berg 1973, 39-62, Raymond
1979b, 121-23; Karneuk 1981, 123 and pl. 1.1 (minbar) I Williams
1984, 36: Behrens Abouseif 1987, 88: Behrens-Abouseif 1989, 115.
Mostafa 19B9. 38. Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988,311-12; Meinecke
1992, 11:198-99, 206-7, 315; O'Kane 2000, 166; Seton-Watson 2000,
106-10; Karim 2002, 44
Listing and conservation-BCCMAA 1884, 9, BCCMA 1889, 60, BCCMAA
1893 (2nd ed.), 36, 63, 76, RCCAIAA
1896, 59; BCCMVAA
1897, 66-66;
1901, 23; BCCMAA 1902, 16, 24; BCCMAA
1903, 29; BCCBCCMAA
MA 1904, 7, 36; BCCMAA 1906,76 (tomb of Ibrahim Agha); BCCMAA
1907, 81-82, Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 14, BCCMAA 1915-19, 776;
SCCMAA 1920-24, 256, 274, 359; 8CCMAA 1933-35, 140, 143, 147,
160. 173. 181,183, 186; BCCMAA 1946-53, 54. 56-57

125
Madrasa of Umm al-Sultan Sha'ban
AH770 / AD1368

126
Mosque of Alti Barmaq

Map sheet This cruciform madrasa was probably built by the

mother of Sultan al-Ashraf Sha'ban, Khawand
15
Baraka, as the name of the mosque suggests, rather
than by Sha'ban himself.The wife of one of al-Nasir
Muhammad's sons, Khawand Baraka subsequently married the
amir Ilgay al-Yusufi. Sha'ban was strangled in AD 1376 and
never completed his own funerary complex, situated near that
of Sultan Hasan (no. 133); he isburied inthe smaller of the two
tomb chambers that flank the qibla lwan of this madrasa, the
other being occupied by his mother.
The main facade, on Darb al-Ahmar, is divided into recessed
bays, each topped by flat muqarnas decoration, through which
runs acontinuous inscription band at high level. The magnificent
portal has a conical muqarnas hood, reminiscent of Seljuq
designs, bordered by an area of delicately carved tracery and
inscription running in a band that frames the hood. The lower
area of the portal has more conventional ablaq decoration and
a further inscription There is a sabil to the left of the portal
with a geometric wooden grille and inscription, and a kuttab
over the watering trough to the right (also with an inscription).
The main portal isnot used today, and access isgained from the
secondary portal on the western side of the building. The two
tomb chambers are crowned with two masonry ribbed domes of
unequal size
The madrasa's interior has fragmentary remains of a wood
en inscription band running along the lwans and an intact
stone inscription around the sahn at high level. The iwans have
painted wood ceilings. The qibla wall, inlaid with marble, survives
and has a marble inscription. The mihrab has been restored, and
the minbar is not original. The shutters to the tomb chambers
flanking the qibla iwan are original, however, and are of very
high quality.
The complex was restored by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture
in 2001-04, in a project that also replaced the missing finial on
the minaret.

Mapsheet The name of the founder of this mosque, which is

raised up above shop units, means 'six fingers:
15
Elements of the fagade include a sabil to the right of
the trilobed stone portal, a plastered-brick dome
over the tomb chamber, and a minaret Astaircase leads from the
vestibule under a wooden dikka into the prayer hall This has an
unusual design, with a flat timber ceiling in the center flanked by
stone cross-vaulted riwaqs on columns. The Iznik tiles decorating
the surround to the mihrab are older than the building itself,
dating between AD1555 and 1700. The tomb chamber lies
directly behind the qibla wall, and the entire orientation of the
building is significantly at variance with the true qlbla direction.

Plan! Meinecka 1992, 1124

References Creswell 1919, 112; Ebeid1976, 42-49; Fernandes 1976,
Kessler 1984, 97-108: Behrens-Abouseif 1985, 78, Seton-Williarns and

All 1123 1 AD1711

Plan SCA Archive

References Pauty 1936, 12, 13, Seton-Wilianis and Stocks 1988, 328
Listing and conservation.BCCMAA 1882-83 (2nd ed.),22, 32, 53; BCCMAA
1890, 90; BCCMAA 1895, 32; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 19: BCCMAA
1915-19, 776 BCCMAA 1941-45, 363

127
Mosque of Sudun Min Zada
AH804 1 AD1401
Only part of the heavily eroded qibla wall and
northern flank wall of this Mamluk courtyard
mosque survive. The rest of the mosque was demol
ished in the 1960s to make way for two concrete
apartment blocks. Remnants of the stuccoed mihrab can still be
seen on the qibIa wall. Capitals from the mosque (whose prove
nance has been traced, by Rondot [1991], to a Ptolemaic or
Roman structure at Antinoopolis) were transferred to the lower
area of the Citadel for storage.
Map sheet
15

Plan Mlinecke 1992, 160

References Creswell 1919, 117-18, Mostafa 1982, 106-7; Rondot 1991:
Meinecke 1992, 11:299
Listing and conservobon- BCCMAA
1882-83 [2nd ed., 22, 34, 53-54; BCC
MAA 1898, 37; BCCMAA 1901,50; BCCMAA
1902, 36, 73; BCCMAA
1903, 89-92 (historical notice); BCCMAA 1904, 81, Herz 1914
[1882-19101, 36; BCCMAA 1915-19, 783

Stocks 1988, 309, Behrens-Abouseif 1989, 129-31; Meinecke 1992,

11:246,
Asfour 2000, 251; Seton-Watson 2000, 95-105
Listing and conservation- BCCMA 1882-83 (2nd ed.), 64-65, BCCMAA
1884, 7-8, BCCMAA
1899, 66; BCCMAA 19D5,110;BCCMAA 1907, 50:
RCCMAA 1908, 12, 103; BCCMAA 1909, 114-15, Herz 1914
[1882-1910], 41, BCCMAA
1915-19,779, BCCMAA 1933-35, 147, 160,
173, 181; BCCMAA
1941-45, 81; BCCMAA
1946-53, 185, 202, 203

128
Qubba of al-Qimari
An730 /AD 1329

A
Map sheet The ribbed dome of this tomb isof plastered-brick.
fragment of inscription band at the base of the drum
22
survives; two other surviving inscriptions are visible
on the faade and portal The fagade has two
recessed bays with muqarmas decoration, as does the portal
Adjacent to the portal is a section of original wall with a pro
jecting wooden balcony above it that also extends over the por
tal. The remainder of the building comprises a neo-Mamluk
raised mosque, accessed from the street to the north,
Plan-Kessler 1971

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

109

References; Meinecke 1992, 11152

Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1899, 76 (classification); BCCMAA
1901, 64, BCCMAA 1905, B5; BCCMAA 1906, 75: Herz 1914
[1882-19101, 105, BCCMAA 1915-19, 323, 782, 836; BCCMAA
1946-53, 213
1933-35, 147, 160,173. 181, BCCMAA

129
Mosque and mausoleum
of Ganem al-Bahlawan
AH 883-916 /AD1478-1510
Ganem al-Bahlawan was the brother of the amir
Shet
Yashbak (the foremost amir of Sultan Qaytbay].
The
tomb chamber of this complex, built in AD1510
(slightly later than the mosque itself), has a
magnificent masonry dome carved with arabesques and an
inscription band. The building is richly and exuberantly decorat
ed throughout: the main fagade even has muqarnas carved with
floral motifs and a highly original pattern of crenellation. The
portal has two inscriptions, but only that at high level survives
substantially intact. The stone minaret is typical of Qaytbay
period minarets in its elaboration, with arabesques carved on the
central tier. The main doors have fine metal revetments. The
interior has a plan in the form of a T,with three arcades parallel
to the qibla wall The sahn is covered with a contemporaneous
wooden ceiling and lantern The last major restoration took place
under the supervision of Max Herz in 1898. The plan of the adja
cent house, to the right of the portal, is also shown on the map
Plan:Meinecke 1992, I 164
References: Creswell 1919, 143, Pauty 1929, 148-50, pl. vil.28 (ruqarnas].
Seton-Willams andStocks 1988, 320; Meinecke 1992, 11:415-16
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1899, 127 (classification under the
name Canem al-Tagir); BCCMAA 1902, 33, 108 BCCMAA 1503, 29:
BCCMAA 1905, 14-15, 53, BCCMAA 1909, 149; Herz 1914
[1882-19101, 58, BCCMAA 1912, 26; BCCMAA 1915-19, 777, BCCMAA 1927-29, 92, Ornmos
2002, 135-37, 142-43

130
Mosque of Ulmas
AH730

/AD1329-30

Sayf al-Din Ulmas ('the Eternal') was an amir of al

Nasir Muhammad who rose to be viceroy before
being executed by the latter in AD1333. The inte
rior of the mosque has been flooded for many
years; the structure is heavily propped and inaccessible (Karim
2000 describes the interior in some detail). The ground level
around the building has risen by approximately one and a half
meters. A deep muqarnas portal, which retains its original
doors with bronze facings, gives onto the main street, and a
subsidiary door onto the side street to the north. The high
level inscription band and wooden window grilles on the main
facade are still intact. The tomb chamber has a smooth plas
tered-brick dome with traces of stucco carving around the
windows in the transitional zone. The intact minaret to the
south of the main entrance is an Ottoman reconstruction
(1713) in the Mamluk style. The mosque isflanked to the south
Map sheet
22

110

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

by a small Ottoman rab', which isalso shown on the accompa

nying map plan.

Plan: Meinecke 1992. 1.B2and CMPSurvey

References: Creswell 1919, 95; Pauty 1929, 146 and pl. iv.15 (muqarnas];

Kessler 1969, 265, 266;J. Williams 1984, 36; Seton-Williams and Stocks,
1988, 331, Meinecke 1992, 11150, Karim 2000, O'Kane 2000, 155
Listing and conservbrion. BCCMAA 1887-88, 15, BCCMAA 1901,107; BCCMAA 1902, 95; BCCMAA 1903, 73; BCCMAA 1909, 17,60-61: BCCMAA 1910,117 Herz 1914 [1882-19101 18, BCCMAA 1911,27,49,60,
102; BCCMAA
1912, 23, 27, 49, 74, 89 120, BCCMAA
1915-19, 404
764, 797, 820; BCCMAA
1920-24, 259, RCCMAA 1946-53, 142

131
Mosque of Ilgay al-Yusufl
AH774 / AD1373
The amir Ilgay al-Yusufi held the rank of armorer or
swordbearer (sichdar), and his complex is located,
appropriately enough, in the Suq al-Silah, or sword
market. He married the mother of Sultan Sha'ban
while the latter was still achild but quarreled with Sha'ban after
Khawand Baraka's death and died while attempting to flee Egypt,
his funerary complex, restored by the SCA in 1998, is a
large one. The crenellated favade is divided into bays with
either muqarnas or keel-arched hoods, and has an inscribed
trilobed muqarnas portal framed by a molding. Above the portal
stands a three-tiered minaret; to the left is a very tall sabil
kuttab with reused antique corner columns At the southern
end of the building is the tomb chamber with a spiral-ribbed
dome of plastered brick. The entry vestibule has an elaborate
stone groin vault leading through a bent entrance into the sahn
of the cruciform madrasa. The qibla and western iwans have
new ceilings; the flanking Iwans retain their original painted
wood ceilings. Fragments of stone inscriptions survive over the
entrance doors to the sahn. The bulk of the accommodation for
those who studied here is located on the northern side of the
building, with its own entrance and elevation on a side street.
Map sheet
15

Plan. Kessler 1971

References- Creswell 1919, 113; Ebeld 1976, 58-61 (sabil); Kornouk 1961,
120 (minbar), Behrens-Abouseif 1985, 78. Behrens-Abouself 1969,
131-32; Meinecke 1992,11-254
Usting and conservation: BCCMAA 1891, 72, 101; BCCMAA 1893 (2nd ed ),
20-21 BCCMAA 1895, 75-76: BCCMAA1897, 54, SCCMAAA
1898,
35-36; BCCMAA
1907,18; Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 16, BCCMAA 1912,
23, 49, 113: BCCMAA 1913, 31, 33, BCCMAA 1914, 2, 18, 86, 106;
BCCMAA 1915-19, 108-10, 404, 432, 446, 458, 464, 585, 695, 819,
801; BCCMAA 1941-45, 186232,363, BCCMAA
1946-53, 289, 341

133
Madrasa of Sultan Hasan
AH757-64 / AD1356-62
This famous monument, whose inscriptions and
decoration have been the subject of extensive study,
16
combines a madrasa, khanqah, and mausoleum on
an unsurpassed scale. Situated to the west of Midan
al-Rumayla at the foot of the Citadel, the building, constructed
Map shret

by Hasan, ason of aIl-Nasir Muhammad, was once surrounded by

BCCMAA 1893 (2nd ed.], 104-9; BCCMAA 1894, 47, 51-52, 54, 96, 111,
a much denser urban fabric; it now stands in isolation opposite
145; BCCMA4 1895, 49; BCCMAA 1896, 49-50, 147-48, 152-53, 176,
the mosque of al-Rifai (103). The principal fagades are each
181-82; BCCMAA 1897, 27-28, 41-42, 88, 100-2, 126-27, 154; BCCcrowned by a vast muqarnas cornice. The plan isthat of a cru
MAA1898, 27, 45, 105, BCCMAA
1899, 23, 76, BCCMAA
1900, 56-57;
eform madrasa, surrounded to the north and south by multistory
BCCMAA
1901,37-38, 47-4G, 113; BCCMAA 1902, B,24, 120-21; BCCcells (for the students) that appear on the elevations as windows
MAA 1903, 23, 68; Abbate Pacha 1904; BCCMAA 1904, 34, 54-55,
set within elongated bays. The entrance is through a massive
57-58, 66-67, 82; BCCMAA
1905, 15, 33-34, 46-47, 74-75. 78-79;
unfinished portal with a deep muqarnas hood and ribbed semi
BCCMAA
1906, 22-24, 29-30, 94, 109; SCCMAA 1907, 7-8, 18, 32-33,
dome, decorated with inscriptions innaskhi and geometric kufic,
49, 80-81, 121-22; OCCMAA
1908, 28-29, 50-51, 56-57; BCCMAA
and carved tracery and medallions. Following SeIjuq models, the
19DS,16, 60, 74, 92-93, 138; BCCMAA 1910, 111-13 Herz 1914
portal was originally intended to have two flanking minarets;
[1882-19101, 72; BCCMAA
1911,5,7-8,26-27,49,65,87,96,104, 114
only one was built, and it collapsed in AD1361. The original doors

to the mosque can now be seen on the mosque of al-Mu'ayyad

Shaykh (no. 190). The portal leads into a large vestibule with
heavy muqarnas decoration, which gives access to the bent
entrance that takes the visitor into the central sahn. This court
yard isflanked on its four sides by four enormous iwans-one for
the use of each school. Doors framed in ablaq marble lead to
smaller courts and to the students' living quarters The courtyard
has one surviving fountain pavilion at its center: a second pavil
ion was removed in the nineteenth century to the mosque of alMaridani (no. 120), and the polychrome marble inlaid floor was
heavily restored at the same time. The qibla iwan retains its
onginal polychrome marble dado, inlaid mihrab, and kufic
inscription band in plaster. A stone minbar and stone dikka
constitute the other furnishings of this space. Immediately
behind the qibla wall lies the tomb chamber with a similar
marble dado and mihtrab, a high-level carved and painted
wood inscription, and the original wood muqarnas squinches
The dome itself is a seventeenth-century replacement- Of the
two minarets that flank the tomb chamber, the larger, southern
ore is original, while the smaller, northern minaret is an
Ottoman replacement in Mamluk style for the minaret that
matched its southern counterpart in scale but collapsed in 1659.
The ancillary buildings to the west of the main bulk of the
madrasa are worthy of separate mention. These are the remains
of an enormous saqiya and cistern, together with the Dar alBaqar, or 'the House of Oxen: named for the oxen that turned
the waterwheel The corbels that supported a channel for the
water leading to the Rumayla can still be seer projecting from
the southwestern faade of the madrasa. Rabbat (1995) dates
the waterworks to the Ayyubid period, although modifications
were subsequently made by sultans Baybars and Hasan, who
incorporated these structures into the complex. What survives
was heavily reconstructed by the Comit, which used these
spaces as storerooms.
Plan. Meinecke 1992,1:116; Survey of Egypt 1:500 Cadastral Plan; CMP Survey
References Herz 1899a; Creswell 1919, 108-9; Creswell 1922, 51-54,
Pauty 1929, 148 and pl. v (muqamas portal); Kessler 1969, 263, 264,
Rogers 1970-71, 40-68; Dodd and Khairailah 1981, 1:43-59; Karnouk
1981, 115-16, 137 and pl. ii.2 (minba; Hanna 19B4, 40 and 40 n. 3,
J Williams 1984, 41: Behrens-Abouseif 19B5, 78, Behrens-Abouseif
1987, 96-101 Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 321-25; Meinecke
1992, 11-224-25, Blair and Bloom 1995: 81-84; Rabbat 1995, 22,
104-B, 220, 224, 277; al-1larithy 1996, Bierman 1998, 142 (mau
soleum); Kessler 1999, al-Harithy 2001, 83-84, 87
Listing and conservacron: BCCMAA1887-88, 6, 17, BCCMAA 18B9, 145:

BCCMAA
1912, 83, 99, 112,BCCMAA1913, 30, 32, 41, 47. 68, 74, 80,
97, 99, 129, BCCMAA 1914, 1, 6, 54, 58, 61, 105, 130, 59; CCMAA
1915-19, 105-6, 321, 348, 368, 584-B5, 695; BCCMAA 1920-24, 103,
14B, 169, 255-56, 300, 347, BCCMAA 1930-32, 52, 60, 64, 196, 202,
232, BCCMAA1933-35, 41, 42, 47, 92, 140, 142, 165; BCCMAA
1936-40, 203, 205, 326, 336-37, 341-42, 348-49, 351-52, 354; BCCMAA1941-45, 2, BCCMAA 1946-53, 40-41, 45, 47-51, 55, 70, 72, 103,
105, 214, 334, 407, 413, 422

134

Madrasa of Gawhar al-Lala

Mapsheet
16

AH833 /AD1430
Gawhar was a eunuch in the service of Sultan
Barsbay, and was tutor (lala) to the latter's children.
He fell from favor with the accession of Gaqmaq
and died inAD1438 His mosque is tiny, but it com

bines all the familiar elements of the Mamluk repertoire. The

faqade of the building iscovered with pronounced bands of red
and yellow limestone The inscription on the portal and the
metal revetments to the door both survive. The wans retain
their painted wood ceilings, and the inlaid marble dado survives,
as does the inscribed mihrab. The top tier of the minaret and
the dome over the simple tomb chamber are Ottoman replace
ments. The sabil-kuttab appears to have been rebuilt by the
Comit6 between 1895 and 1898; the lantern in the mosque's
inner court may also be a Comit restoration.
Plan. SCAArchive
References Creswell 1919, 93-94; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988,
326-27, Meiceie 1992, II'346-47; Garcin and Taher 1995a; Gamin
and Taher 1996b. Femandes 2000, 213-14; O'Kene 2000, 170
listing and conservaton- BCCMAA 1892, 60-63 (with plan); BCCMAA
1895, 89; BCCMAA 1896, 175, 181: 8CCMA4 1297, 20, 54-55, BCCMAA 1899, 9, 55, 126; CC9MAA
1900, 86-87; BCCMAA 1901, 22;
BCCMAA 1902, 17, 144-146 (historical notice), Herz 1914
[1882-1910), 66, BCCMAA 1915-19, 450, 798

135
Mosque al-Mahmudiya
AH975 / AD1568
Map sheet

The founder of this mosque, Mahmud al-Maqtul,

was a famously harsh Ottoman governor of Cairo,
who was ultimately assassinated. It contains the
only mausoleum built by an Ottoman governor for

himself. The most curious feature of the mosque is that the

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

111

rear (east) faqade formally imitates the arrangement of the

rear fagade of the adjacent madrasa of Sultan Hasan (no. 133)
and is Mamluk in style, with the exception of the Ottoman
minaret. All the fagades are composed of red-and-white ablaq
masonry, a decorative theme that continues inside the build
ing. To the left of the entrance portal at ground level are the
remains of a brick-vaulted underground structure, probably a
cistern. The portal is trilobed, with muqarnas decoration, and
leads into a simple square prayer chamber. Within this enclosure
stand four large, reused granite columns, which define an
inner square covered by an ornate wooden lantern (probably a
Comite restoration). The four separate painted wood ceilings
around the perimeter are probably original; a deep, painted
wood inscription band runs beneath them, The mihrab is
unadorned stone. The perimeter walls of the prayer space are
pierced by many windows, which give the interior a great
sense of openness.
Plan: SCAArchive
References Pauty 1936, 12; J Williams 1969, 456, Seton-Williams and
Stocks 1988, 316; Bates 1991, 153-55; Behrens-Abouseif 1994,
198-200
Listing and conservation* BCCMAA 1885, 27; BCCMAA 1891, 46-47, BCCMM 1899, 88, 114, BCCMAA
1900, 11,31,57, 61,91; BCCMAA
1901,
1904,
1903, 40, 82; BCCMAA
1902, 122, BCCMAA
37, 58, 62; BCCMAA
1906, 75-76, 119-23 (historical
1905, 24, 45, 98; BCCMAA
85; BCCMAA
notice), BCCMAA 1908, 34; BCCMAA 1910, 24, Her 1914
[1882-1910], 111,BCCMAA 1913, 33; BCCMAA 1915-19, 474-75,
800; BCCMAA 1920-24, 86, BCCMAA 1925-26, 17, 50

136
Mosque of Qanibay al-Sayfi (Amir Akhur)
AH908 /AD1503
Mapsheet
16

Qanibay, 'the Master of the Horse: was originally a

mamluk of Sultan Qaytbay whose career continued
past the Ottoman conquest of Egypt. The site of the

building is a steep slope, used to great effect in the

placement of the complex's architectural clements: the sabil
kuttab on the western flank, the main portal at the center, and
the tomb to the east, where the dome would have maximum
visual impact.This latter isa fine example of the Qaytbay-peri
od masonry dome, carved with arabesques At least half of the
southern faade is a Comit6 reconstruction.
Pla, Meinecke 1992, 1:171
References. Creswell 1919, 152: Behrens-Abouseif 1985, 89, SetonWilliams and Stocks 1988, 326, Meinecke 1992, 11450
Listing and conseaution BCCMAA 1886, 1-2, BCCMAA 1891, 97; BCCMA 1892, 28, BCCMAA 1893 (2nd edl, 52, BCCMAA 1896, 19-20,
BCCMAA 1903, 4-5. 26, 39, 47-4B: BCCMAA 1906. 96-97, Herz
1914 [1882-1910, 93; BCCMAA 1915-19, 162-64, 321, 399, 404,
416, 450, 458, 464, 472, 518, 559, 585, 617, 695, 697, 764, 773, 802;
BCCMAA 1920-24, 100, 154, 255, 258, 301, 303, 360, 372, BCCMAA
1946-53, 56

112

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

(137)
Mosque of al-Sukkari
Twelfth century AHI Eighteenth century AD
This Ottoman mosque, known also as the mosque of
al-Hagg Abu Ghalya, was built immediately in front
of the entrance to the bimaristan of al-Mu'ayyad
Shaykh (no. 257). It was registered but subsequently
demolished early in the twentieth century by the Comite in
order to expose the fagade of the bimaristan. Photographs in
Mapsheet
sand

the Comit# Bulletins reveal that the mosque had spiral marble

columns, some of which now adorn the various open-air

archaeological gardens in Cairo (see, for example, UB2).

Pian: SCAArchive

References Seton-W1iliams and Stocks 1988,316; Hampikian 1991

Listimg and conservation BCCMAA 1898,36; Herz 1914 [1882-1910],153;

BCCMAA 1911,10B-7: BCCMAA 1920-24, 258

138
Mosque of Mangak al-Yusufh
AH750! AD1349

sheet

Mangak al-Yusufi was a mamluk of al-Nasir

Muhammad who rose through the ranks to
become wazir and commander-in-chief of the
armies. Mangak was a major patron of buildings,
and a madrasa that he founded also survives in Jerusalem It
isprobable that the Bab al-Wazir in Cairo (close to his mosque)
was named after him. He died in AD1375 and isburied with
his wife in the room to the north of the main body of the
mosque, which contains a fine inlaid marble mihrab of typical
Mamluk design. The entry fagade of the complex is
approached from Shari' al-Mahgar through a bent-entrance
gateway with still-intact stone groin vaults. This imposing
structure is now so buried in the earth that only the top 1.2
meters of the original door (surrounded by a cushioned vous
soir arch) are visible. Parts of the complex to the north of the
entrance gateway are derelict, as are the rooms located above
it and the block to the left of main portal of the mosque. This
is a very simple arch with some ablaq decoration but no
inscription. The complex's beautiful three-tiered minaret is,
quite unusually freestanding; its excellent condition isdue to
the attention of the Comit& The latter organization may well
have reconstructed the fagade as well; little of the masonry

appears to be origLnal.
Plan; SCAArchive
References: Creswell 1919, 105; Karnouk 1981, 120, 121and pi ,v2, vi 3
(minhar): Behrens-Abouseif 19B7, 93: Surgoyne 1987, 385-86 (for
biography); Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 303; Memecke 1992,
11:213
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1884, 8; BCCMAA 1891. 24-25; BCCMAA1896, 39, 138; BCCMAA 1897, 25. 65; BCCMWAA
188, 9, 135-36;
BCCMAA 1899, 66; BCCMAA 1900, 12-13, 26-27, 54-55, 85; BCCMM
1905, 47. Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 113,RCCMAA
1914, 77; BCCMAA
1915-19, 96-97, 399, 403, 432, 446, 464, 493, 585, 773, 800; BCCMAA 1933-35, 26, 38: BCCMAA 1936-40, 13,105, 208, 266, 348, 350;
BCMAA 1941-45, 186, 221, 222, 232, 288, BCCMAA 1946-53, 2B9

139

(141)

Mausoleum of Yunus al-Dawadar

Ribat of al-Zayni

AH 856 / AD 1452

AH783/ AD 1382

Map sheet Yunus, the secretary to Sultan Barquq, died and

was buried in Syria, although this mausoleum (also
referred to in the Bulletins as the tomb of Mousi or
Ousi) remains associated with him. Its ribbed stone
dome, reminiscent of Central Asian domes, is uniquely elon
gated among Cairene masonry domes. The dome, the inscription
band around its base, and the delicate stone tracery with cup
bearer blazons survive in good condition. Half of the fa;ade to
the street, however, is missing, and the main inscription band
has been sheared off. To the north of the tomb is a substantial
outcrop of natural rock, upon which part of the structure was
built, no doubt with the intention of increasing its height. A
tomb of the same name and date in the northern cemetery
(monument no. 157) was constructed as the first tomb of
Yunus but was subsequently given to Anas, the father of
Sultan Barquq.
Plan: SCA
Archive
References: Creswell 1919, 114-15, Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 292,
303; Meinecke 1992, II 26-6-7
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1889, 146 (historical note and
classification); Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 125: BCCMAA 1915-19, 804,
BCCMAA
1946-53, 22

140
Khanqah of Nizam al-Din
AH757 f AD 1356
Nizam al-Din Ishaq, from Isfahan, was the manager
of Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad's khanqah in
landB
Siryaqus. The designation of this building as a
mosque in the English version of the 1950 Index of
Monuments is at variance with the Arabic version, which
defines it as a mosque-khangah, 'khanqah' would seem to
accord more closely with the visible remains. Some of the cells
for Sufis are still apparent: tiny vaulted chambers, each with an
individual mibrab in plaster relief. The plan is sufficiently enig
matic as to be susceptible of various interpretations, especially
since it would appear that the structure was heavily remodeled
for military purposes at some point in its history. The building
today gives the appearance of a ruined castle, standing high on
a spur of the Muqattam Hills below the Citadel. This appearance
is enhanced by gunports at high level (possibly built by the
French during their occupation of the city) and machicoulis.
The surviving portal has an eroded inscription; a fine piece of
pharaonic spolla was reused as a lintel over the doorway.

Map sheet

Plan. SCA Archive

References' Creswell 1919, 143; Meinecke 1977, 139-44; Meinerke 1992,
11183
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1890, 97, Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 136;
BCCMA41913, 55-56, BCCMAA 1915-19, 801; BCCMAA 1946-53,
142-43

Founded by the qadi Yahya Zayn al-Din, this building

was known also as the mausoleum of Shaykh Abu
Talib. The building was demolished in the creation of
Shari Bur Said, and its portal, incorrectly labeled,
stood inthe garden of the Islamic Museum (U46) until the latter
became a building site in 2002. Another foundation of Obdi Yahya
(no 182) still stands nearby to the south at the junction of Shari'
Map sheet
26

al-Azhar.
Plan- None
References- Creswell 1919, 133-34, leinecke 1992, 11.373; Tantawi 1994,
77-79
Listing and conservation: BCCMM 1883 (2nd ed). 26; BCCAA 1900,
124-25 (historical notice): BCCMAA 1902, 65 (not classified), Herz
1914 [1882-1910), 169, BCCMAA 1920-24, 258

142

Mosque of Sulayman Pasha

Mapsheet

AH935

AD1528

Sulayman Pasha was awhite eunuch in the court of

Sulayman the Magnificent He was the governor
of Cairo from AD1524 to 1538, wi th an interruption
of two years (1534-36), during which his position was taken by
Khusraw Pasha. He built this mosque to serve the officers of the
Janissaries stationed in the Citadel. The site was that of a
famous tomb (of Sayyid Sariya [twelfth century Ao], originally a
Fatimid foundation), which still survives on the complex's
western side, as do several of the officers' tombs. The mosque
itself is the first Ottoman domed mosque in Cairo, and it is set
within a garden, as is characteristic of Ottoman mosques. The
domes are covered in green tiles, and their interiors are richly
painted. There is a typically Mamluk-style marble dado and
mihrab, and a stone minbar placed outside the main iwan,
inlaid with lznik tiles. A door in the wall opposite the mihrab
leads to an arcaded courtyard, with marble dados and a geo
metric marble floor, which separates the mosque from the tomb
of Sayyd Sariya.
Mand

Plan Mostafa 1992, 286

References. Pauty 1936, 13-14; J. Williams 1969, 468-59; BehrensAbouseif 1987, 158; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 369; BehrensAbouseif 1989, 15B, Abdel Alin 1990, Bates 1991, 145-48; BehrensAbouseif 1994, 184-91, 244-48; Lyster 1993, 107, Blair and Bloom
1995: 251; el-Rashidi 1999, 9-13, 50-56
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1891, 52; BCCMAA 1912, 23, 49: Herz
1914 [1882-19101, 152; BCCMAA
1915-19, 804, SCCMAA 1930-32.
178, 199; BCCMAA 1933-35, 25, 37, 157, 171, 179; BCCMAA
1936-40, 221, 223, 266

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

113

145
Mosque of Ahmad Katkhuda al-'Azab

143
Mosque of al-Nasir Muhammad
Ad 735 f AD1335
Founded by Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad in AD1318
and subsequently enlarged by him, this courtyard
mosque has two minarets that face the southern and northern
enclosures of the Citadel. Their tiled, bulbous finials are stylis
tically unique in Egypt; it has been suggested that the crafts
men responsible for the design were from Tabriz: Inside the
mosque, most of the walls' marble revetment was removed by
Sultan Selim Yavuz after the Ottoman conquest and taken back
to Istanbul. The interior is distinguished by numerous reused
columns of different heights, their bases have been adjusted to
achieve uniformity. The dome in front of the mihrab and the
mihrab's inlaid marble revetment, together with many parts of
the ceiling, are Comit& restorations dating to 1936. The ceilings
were beautifully coffered with painted blue-and-gold decora
tion, as can be seen in those sections that survive intact.
M

Plan Meinecke 1992, 1.60

References- Casanova 1894-97, 1:620-25: Creswell 1919, 93-94; Pauty
1929, 148 (muqarnas); Pauty 1932, 119; Meinecke 1977, 100-17;
Karnouk 1981, passim (minbar); Behrens-Abouself 1987, 93; BchrensAbousef 1988b, 33, 74; Seton-Williams and Stocks 198., 370-71,
167: Lyster 1993, 25, 101-2: Blair and Bloom
Memeeke 1992, 11.122,
1995, 80-81; Rabbat 1995, 45, 59, 64, 225, 263-69; al-Harithy 2000,
228-29; Karim 2002, 44
Listing and conservatron BCCMAA 1890, 61-62; BCCMAA 1893 (2nd ed.),
67-68, 115:Herz 1914 [1882-1910, 135, BCCMAA 1915-19, 317, 318,
635, 648, 764, 767, 768, 801; BCCMAA 1920-24, 175, 358, 360, Pauty
1931b, 164 n 1; BCCMAA 1941-45, 152 240, 274,290. 340; BCCMAA
1946-53, 12, 49-50, 54-55, 5B,115-17, 159, 162, 195

144

Sabil of Shaykhu

755 / AD1354

Map sAH

This sabl was built by Shaykhu before he became sul

tan, while he was cup-bearer to Sultan Hasan. His
more famous constructions are located nearby in the
Shari' Saliba (see nos. 152 and 147). Carved out of the rock, and
fronted by a built-up stone semi-dome, this combination sabil and
hawd is a most unusual structure. Severe erosion of the rock sur
face and surface salts have destroyed the left-hand half of the
inscription band running along the base of the semi-dome. The
Comiti demolished the city-gate that once stood at this point,
named the Bab al-Wada'a, as it blocked the view of the sabil.
Plan. Mostafa 1992, 144
References' Creswell 1919, 106, Ebeid1976, 26-41; Seton-Williams and
Stocks 1989,303; Meinecke 1992, 11:222
Listing and conservtion BCCMAA 1894, 122-23 (elassification); BCCMAA
1895, 102; BCCMAA 1896, 16, 149, BCCMAA 1898, 23-24 (demolition
of blocking gateway); BCCMAA
1899, 124; BCCMAA 1901,9; BCCMAA
1902, 46-47, 131, BCCMAA 1907, 121: Herz 1914 [18B2-1910], 46;
BCCMAA 1915-19, 798, CCMAA 1946-53, 147

114

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

Mop sheet

AH1109 / Ap1697

On this site, most of which was occupied by stables

during the Mamluk period, stood a zawiya and sabil
built by Sultan al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh in the AD1420s, of which
some decorative stonework survives. Adjacent to the building
was the now-destroyed Bab al-Silsila Cthe Chain Gate'). Ahmad
Katkhuda al-'Azab, who rebuilt the mosque in the seventeenth
century, was the katkhuda of the 'Azaban corps of Janissaries
and subsequently 'Admiral of the Two Seas' (i.e., the
Mediterranean and the Red Sea). He died in 1727 In Istanbul.
The mosque has atypical Ottoman minaret, and the prayer hall
is roofed with a shallow stone dome--an unusual feature in
Cairene mosques.
Plan; SCAArchive
References;Seton-WIIaons and Stocks 1988, 367, Meinecke 1992, 11;328;
Lyster 1993, 48, 90
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1903, 69 (classification); BCCMA
1904, 16, 42, 66: Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 123 BCCMAA 1915-19.
127-29. 361,371. 584, 801; BCCMAA
1941-45, 58, 290. 299

146
Zawiyat al-'Abbar
23

AH683 / AD1284-85

This building is known also as the khanqah of alBunduqdari and the tomb of the amir Aydakin alBunduqdari. Aydakin was a mamiuk of Salih Negm al-Din
Ayyub and owned, in his turn, as a mamluk the future sultan
Baybars. An inscription band on his tomb's street facade con
tains at its center the earliest documented example in Egypt of
a blazon on a building: the double-bow blazon of the bunduq
dor ('bow-carrier'). The ribbed dome of the tomb (identified by
Ibrahim [1976] as the earliest surviving Mamluk ribbed dome)
is plastered brick, its interior decorated with two plaster
inscription bands; one at the dome's base and the other at its
apex. There is an elaborate transition zone to the dome. The
mihrab has a keel-arch hood, with stucco arabesques within
framed by small inscription bands that follow the outline of the
hood. All other original decoration has disappeared. Beyond the
tomb lies a nineteenth-century zawiya with two simple arched
arcades on piers. Passing through the ablutions area, there is
another tomb very similar in design to that of Aydakin. It, too,
has a ribbed dome of brick and plaster, with a stucco inscrip
tion band at its base and fine stucco geometric window grilles;
the window frames have two inscription bands and surround
ing decoration. The high-level plasterwork has been restored,
but the complex today isotherwise derelict.
Plan.SCAArchive
References; Creswell 1919, 82; Pauty 1929, 144 (muqarnas); Ibrahim 1976,
9; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 334-35; Mcinecke 1992, 11.60
LSting and conservatron. BCCMAA 1901, 107-8 (classificaton); BCCIMAA
1909, 44; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 1:BCCMAA 1912, 50, 67. 89: BCC

MAA 1913, 46, BCCMAA 1915-19, 797; BCCMAA 1925-26, 17, 50, 70;
1933-35, 157, 171,179, 180
BCCMAA

147
Map sheet
23

Mosque of Shaykhu

OH750 / AD 1349
Shaykhu was a mamluk of al-Nasr Muhammad and
the principal supporter of the young Sultan Hasan,
until the mamluk's assassination in AD 1357. The mosque of
Shaykhu predates his khanqah (no. 152), which islocated on the
opposite side of the street. The mosques fagade has an intact
high-level inscription band; the inscription on the portal is
largely disintegrated. The wall to the left of the portal collapsed
at some point inthe building's history. The octagonal minaret of
the mosque has an unusual reed-type cornice on its intermedi
ate tier rather than the more common muqarns. The vestibule
has small black-glass mirrors set in its walls (perhaps in imita
tion of the Kaaba) and isflanked by a domed tomb chamber in
which an unknown shaykh is buried (the founder's tomb is
located in the khanqah across the street). The ribbed dome is of
plastered brick, with an inscription band at its base. The
vestibule leads directly into the sahn, which isbordered by two
curiously compressed lateral iwans and two larger "wans of two
arcades apiece, each supported on antique columns. Asecond
ary entrance from a side street leads into the western iwan. An
octagonal fountain occupies the center of the courtyard; an
inscribed stone dikka (dated 1655) and a Qaytbay-period stone
mintar are situated on the qibla side. The mihrab isunusual for
the inlay of Tunisian tiles in its lower part. To the north of the
sahn isthe ablutions area, with a separate small zawiya, proba
bly added in the nineteenth century.
P/inaMostafa 1992, 115
References Creswell 1919, 105, Pauty 1929.146 (muqarnas], Kessler 1969,

Meinecke (1992) has an earlier attribution and date for the build
ing, considering it to be the remains of the sabil al-Mu'rnini, con
structed by the amir Baktimur al-Mu'mini in AD1369, This sabil
differed from others in that it was traditionally a place where
corpses were ritually washed prior to burial; this may account for
the unusual form of the building but does not explain the
absence of any obvious architectural features associated with
water. The building was restored by the SCA in 1998.
Plan. SCAArchive
References: Creswell 1919, 156; Behrens-Abouself 1985, 89; Bates 1991,
164, Meinecke 1992, 11249-50
Listing and conservufon: BCCMAA 1885, xxw; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 63;
BCCIAA 1911,
70; BCCMAA 1912, 24, 49, 112; BCCMAAA
1913, 47,
BCCMAA 1914, 77, 107: BCCMAA 1915-19, B02

150
Sabil-kuttab
Map sheet

of Muhammad Katkhuda Mustahfizan

AH1131 / AD1718
The 1:5000 Map of Mohammedan Monuments
incorrectly numbers this building as no. 230, which
is actually the sabil-kuttab of Yusuf Agha Dar al-Sa'ada. The
building has tile lunettes over the sabil grilles, one of which is
bronze and the other wood. The kuttab has been destroyed, but
its corbels remain A mashrabiya overhang projects at mezza
nine level from the southern wall of the building, which con
nects to an adjacent house through a portal with decorative
strapwork.
14

Plan: CMP Survey

References. Raymond 1979a, 257 [no. 46) and 265 (no. 68): Raymond 2000
Listing and conservation Herz 1914 [1882-1910], xxiv (with noprior ref
1915-19, 779
erences), BCCMAA

259-61, J.Williams 1984, 36, Belirens-Abouseif 1987,93-94, ScionWilliams and Stocks 19s,360; Meinecke 1992, 11:
214; Asfour 2000,

151

246; Karim 2002, 44

Listing and conservaton: BCCMAA

1895, 39, BCCMM
1901, 90, BCCMM
1904, 6-7. Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 45; BCCMAA

1911,13;BCCMAA
1912, 11,25; BCCMAA
1913, 97; BCCMAA
1914, 58, 128; BCCMAA
1915-19, 97-102, 312, 318, 322, 333, 399, 464, 585, 764, 798; BCCMAA

1920-24, 255, 257; BCCMAA

1925-26, 17, 38, 70; BCCMAA 1930-32,
1933-35, 26, 159, 8CC15, 16, 18, 59, Pauty 1931b, 165 n. 1, BCCMAA
MAA 1941-45, 241, 274, BCCMAA
1946-53,200,282, 413, 423

148
Mosque of al-Ghuri
16se

A 909 / AD1504

Nothing remains of this mosque's street fagade

except a small door. The surviving pair of gibla
arcades rest on octagonal stone piers, which in the case of the
outer arcade have been strengthened with secondary stone arch
es The inner arcade iscovered by three shallow stone domes; the
central dome over the mihrab has an unusual spiral pattern of
stonework The mibrab itself isplain, flanked by the cartouches of
al-Ghuri. The outer arcade is roofed by a central shallow stone
dome flanked on each side by a decorative groinffan vault.

Mp sheet
16

Mosque of Qanibay al-Muhammadi

AH816

/AD1413

The amir Danibay was viceroy of Damascus; he was

executed by Sultan al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh in AD1415
after an abortive rebellion. The tomb chamber, which has a
stone dome with chevrons, islocated on the eastern side of the
building, entered through an uninscribed trilobed muqarnas
portal. There is a largely intact inscription band running at high
level around the tomb chamber and over the portal. Steel beams
inserted at the base of the dome, steel ties at the base of the
squinches, and the evident reconstruction of the corner of the
building date to 1871. The minaret isunusal in that it sits over
the entrance on a triangular base; chevrons on its second tier
imitate those of the adjacent dome, Amajor conservation proj
ect was initiated here by the SCA in 2001 and concluded in
2003.
Plon Meinecke 1992, 1,159
References. Creswell 1919, 154 Behrens-Abouseif 1987, 115: SetonWilliams and Stocks 1988, 360; Hamamsy 1992, 48-49: MeInecke

1992,11.317; Jaubert 1995, 194

Listing and conservation BCCMA4 1887-88, 15; BCCMAA
1892, 43; BCC-

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

115

MAA 1894, 15, 37-38, Herz 1914 (18B2-191], 92: BCCMAA 1915-19,
802; BCCMAA 1925-26, 17, BCCMAA 1946-53, 288

152
Khanqah of Shaykhu

Map sheet

AH 756 J AD1355

23 and 24

The khanqali built by Shaykhu to complement his

mosque across the street [no. 147) also included a
tomb forhimself, a ga'a flanking the qibla riwaqs, and an adja
cent bathhouse (see U103). The complex was restored in AD
1684 by a eunuch called Bllal Agha, and it is likely that much
of the painted decoration on ceilings in the khanqah dates from
this period. The entrance portal and facade match that of the
mosque opposite; a fine piece of pharaonic spolia has been
used as the lintel over the door. Cells for the occupants of the
khanqah line the courtyard on two sides, and continue in two
blocks to the south, accessed by corridors and a wooden gallery
at first- and second-floor levels. It is likely that a connection
once existed between this area of the complex and the bath
house that served it (see U106). The courtyard contains an
octagonal fountain pavilion at its center with marble columns
and a wooden superstructure. Remains of a painted inscription
survive on the south wall, as does a sundial on the western wall
and some marble inlay to the floor. The qibla arcades are sup
ported on aidtique marble or granite columns, as isthe simple
dikka. Afoundation inscription is mounted on the qibla wall.
The plain niibrab was originally preceded by two maqsura
wooden domes, one of which has collapsed and been replaced
by a shukhshaykha. The tomb area iscovered by another wood
en dome. The domes probably all date to the seventeenth-cen
tury restoration, as do the elaborately painted and inscribed
ceilings in the qibla arcades. There is also a derelict ga's to the
right-hand side of the mibrab, where Shaykhu may have par
ticipated in rituals with the Sufis of the foundation. The build
ing has been the object of heavy restoration (still ongoing in
2004) since 2001.
Plan*SCAArchive
References-Creswell 1919, 106; Behrens-Abouseif 1985, 80; Behrers-Abouseif
1987, 93; Seton-Williars and Stocks 1988, 360, Meinecke 1992, 11.144,
Jaubert 1995, 193; Asfour 2000, 246; OKane 2000, 167, 168
Lsting and conservation. BCCMAA 1882-83 (2nd ed], 32; DCCMAA 1895,
39; BCCMAA 1899, 91, BCOA 1901, 90, RCCMAA 1905, 81, 110,
1909, 58, 85-86, 109-10, 134-35, Herz 1914 11882-1910],
BCCMAA
45, BCCMAA 1911,16, 49; BCCMAA 1913, 31; BCCMAA 1915-19,

by the eunuch Kushqadam, who was the wazir of 0aytbay prior

to his disgrace and death in 1489. The lavishly carved minaret
that Kushqadam built to the north of the complex survives in
good condition, except for its top story: adjacent is a fine
stone corbel. A square-headed muqarnas portal, which
belonged to the original palace, also survives to the south of
the qa'a, which isseparated from it by a much later Ottoman
structure with its own doorway onto the street. The mosque
itself has a simple trilobed portal; its external wall, con
structed of rough stone rubble, is eroded to a height of two
and a half meters. There is an inlaid lintel over the original
door, which leads to a corrldor (with sections of surviving
Mamluk painted wood ceilings that nlude the blazon of
Tashtamur) that runs past the entrance to the qa'a. The qa'a
is a two-iwan structure; the sahn has a modern roof and
lantern. Painted wood ceilings survive in the iwans, as do
fragments of the wide painted wood inscription band that
once ran across the entire space. Some fragments of plaster
medallions can also be seen at high level. It is unclear how
much of the decoration is original to the construction of
Tashtamur and how much is part of the later reworking by
Kushqadam.
Plan. SCAArchive
References Creswell 1919, 111-12; Creswell 1922, 48-49; Pauty 1933b,
46, Lzine 1972b 108-12, 130: Maury et al 1982, 86; Burgoyne 1987,
462-65 (for biography); Seton-Wilhiams and Stocks 1988, 335-36;
Meinecke 1992, 11.258,Jaubert 1995, 193; O'(ane 2000, 164, 165,

166, 171

osting

and consemvation: BCCMAA 1B85, 3-4, BCCMAA

1891,105, BCCMAA 1892, 20-21, 54; BCCMAA 1902, 79; BCCMAA 1906, 56-57;
BCCMAA 1907, 122, BCCMAA 1908, 18, 77; BCCMAA 1909, 15-16, 25,
59, 137, BCCMAA 1910, 117; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 102, BCCMAA
1909, 159-64, BCCMAA 1911,101; BCCMAA 1915-19, 8B, 733, 800
BCCMAA
1920-24, 25-97 BCCMAA 1927-29, 8B

154
Map sheet

Minaret of Qanibay al-Sharkasi

AH845 ( AD1441-42

IMAA 1925-26, 15, 17, 38, 70; BCCMAA 1927-29, 188, BCCMAA
1930-32, 16: Pauty 1931b, 165 n 1: BCCMAA 1933 35,39, 41, 46, 92:

Ganibay was an amir of Sultan Gaqmaq. The lower

part of the minaret is in good condition, with a square base and
circular second tier with an inscription band. The remainder is
missing, however, and the attached mosque, which is built of
stone and follows atraditional courtyard plan, appears to be of
more recent date. A sabil, presumably contemporaneous with
the mosque's construction, stands to the right of the main
entrance.

BCCMAA 1946-53, 379, 382, 390, 409-10, 412

Plan. SCAArchive

97-102, 798; BCCMAA 1920-24, 23, 50, 94, 97, 146, 157, 359, BCC-

Map sheet
17

153
Mosque of Kushqadam al-Ahmadi
ca. All 768-78 and 885-94 / AD1366-77 and

1480-89
This building was originally the main ga'a of a
palace built ca. AD1366-70 byTashtamur al-'Alai1, the dawadar
of Sultan Sha'ban. Its conversion into amosque was carried out

116

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

References Creswell 1919, 129-30, Seton-Wiiiams and Stocks 1988, 154;

Meinecke 1992, 11.362; Tantawi 1994,28-30

Usting and conservation: 3CMAA 1890, 78, 9CCM4AA

1901, 39, 64; BCCMAA 1902, 104-5, BCCMAA 1908, 37-38, BCMAA 1909, 62: Herz
1914 [1882-1910]. 92, BCCMAA 1911,51,68; BCCMAA 1915-19, 802,
BCCMAA 1941-45, 34, 44, 81, 240

155

Map sheet

Zawiya of Mustafa Fasha

17

AH1035 /AD 1625

Mustafa Pasha was an Ottoman governor of Cairo in AD1622
and again from 1523 to 1625. This is a simple stone building,
with a flat trilobed entrance portal with strapwork around it,
flanked by muqarnas-headed square window bays There is a
modern dikka inside the entrance, and a simple stone nihrab.
Faint traces of a painted wood inscription band survive on the
cornice to the ceiling, which is otherwise modern. A sabil sur
vives to the north of the zawiya.
Plan SCAArchive
References. Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 154
Listing and conservation. SCCMAA 18B7-88, 47, Herz 1914 [1882-1910J,
131,BCCMAA 1915-19, 801

156
Mapsheet

17

Minaret of the mosque of al-Baqli

AH696 / AD1297
This is the only surviving section of a complex that
was built around the tomb of Shaykh 'Ali al-Baqli The minaret
has a square base with a muqarnas cornice There appears to be
no middle story; instead a mabkhara-type finial rises directly
from the base The adjacent mosque is newly built,
Plan CMP Survey
References Creswell 1919, 84-85, Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 330;
Meinecke 1992, II83-84
Listing and conservation. RCCM4AA
1901, 150-11 (ciassification; B0CM/A
1908, 81, BCCMAA 1909, 19, Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 29; BCCMAA
1915-19. 79B

159
Minaret of the mosque of al-Ghuri
AP915/AD 1509
The mosque, one of Sultan al-Ghuri's lesser-known
works, is now located immediately adjacent to the
Salah Salim highway. Although the minaret appears to be trun
cated and missing a central tier, its design is original. The
entrance to the mosque is through a simple trilobed portal with
an intact inscription, but most of the fagade has been refaced,
and its crenellations have been replaced. The grilles to the lower
and upper windows are all new. The flank wall of the building
would also appear to have been rebuilt, and the main structure
internally is modern, with a new roof supported on steel beams.
M0

Plan- SCAArcehlve
References Cresweil 1919,155-5w; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 376;
Meinecke 1992,11.463
Lasting and conservation: BCCMAA
1884, 11,BCCMAA 1890, 78; Herz 1914
[1B82-1910], 63, BCCMAA 1913, 89, 102, BCCA4AA
1915-19, 490,
502, 595.

802; BCCMAA

1946-53, 384

160
Map

sheet

Mosque of Messih Pasha

AH 983 / AD1575
The mosque, located immediately adjacent to the
Salah Salim highway, was built for Shaykh Nur al-Din al-Qarafi
by Messih Pasha, a Wiite eunuch who was governor of Cairo
from AD1574 to 1580 The mosque, entered through a trilobed
muqarnas portal, has a fine Ottoman minaret. The interior has
four antique columns supporting arches for the roof; most of
the internal walls have been refaced with stone. There is a sabil
grille to the west of the main portal, separated from the main
building by an alleyway. The structures behind the sabil that are
shown in plan here have been overbuilt.
Plan: SCA
Archive
References: Pauty 193B, 12, Seton-Wiliames and Stocks 1968, 376, Rates
1991. 157-69; Behrens-Abouseif 1994, 203-7, el-Rashidi 1999,
22-23, 73-75
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1907, 70-71, Herz 1914 [1882-1910],
119;BCCMAA 1915-19, 801

167
Map sheet
25

Sabil-kuttab of Sulayman Gawish

An 1042 / AD1B32
Although this sabil is listed under the name
'Sulayman Shawish, the founder of this building
appears to be Sulayman Gawish, the building is named the 'sabil
Bab al-Hadid' in the Descreption de f'Egypte. It is a typical exam
ple of a larger Ottoman sabil-kuttab, with an inlaid marble floor
and painted wood ceiling in the sabil.
Plan:5CA
Archives
References: Panty 1936, 23, 24, Raymond 19792, 249 (no 24); SetonWilliams and Stocks 1988, 285
Listing and conservaton' BCCMAA 1887-88, 34-35, 62; BCCMAA 18B9,
52; BCCMAA 1898. 122, BCCMAA 1899, 90-91; BCCMAA 1900, 26,

60-61; BCCMA4 1902, 77; Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 151. BCCMAA

1915-19, 806

169
Map sheet
17

Mausoleum of Shagarat al-Dutrr

AH648 / AD 1250
Shagarat al-Durr ('Tree of Pearls') was the wife of
Sultan Salib Negm al-Din Ayyub; she reigned
briefly as sultana after his death. Her tomb, part of a larger
complex that included a madrasa and a hammam (see U113),
was reused for the later burial of a fourteenth-fifteenth-cen
tury AD'Abbasid khalif. The tomb is a rendered-brick building
with a stilted dome, keel-arched openings, and an intact
inscription on the northern side. It stands in a separate enclo
sure some one and a half meters below ground level to the
south of an incomplete neo-Mamluk mosque (see U118). The
tomb contains fine carved stucco decoration and a famous

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

117

glass mosaic-inlaid mihrab with a stucco keel-arched hood.

Plan:Creswell 1959, 137

References' Creswell 1919, 77; Pauty 1929, 144 and pl. 111.9(muqarnas);

Creswell 1959, 136-39, Behrens-Abouseif 1983, Seton-Willinams and

Stocks 1988, 337; Behrens-Abouself 1989, 91; Meinecke 1992, 111
Listing and conservation' BCCMAA 1900, B8-89, 112-18 [historical notice);
BCCMAA 1902, 79: Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 42, BCCMAA 1915-19, 46,
427, 494, 498, 519, 575, 627, 639, 643, 696, 698, 700, 710, 773, 774,
797; BCCMAA 1920-24, 96-98,157, 259, 359; BCCMAA 1925-26,15,
BCCMAA
1930-32, 234

(170)
Mausoleum of Qurqumas
Mapsheet

18

AH917 / AD1511

This late Mamluk tomb (familiarly and erroneous

ly known as the tomb of Badr al-Gamall after the

builder of the Fatimid walls) was removed in 1983
from its emplacement immediately contiguous to the
entrance gate of the mosque of al-Hakim (no. 15) during the
restoration of the latter building by the Bohra Isma'ili sect. It
was rebuilt in the precincts of the funerary complex of
Barsbay (monument no. 121) in the northern cemetery For
the purposes of this map itis placed in the category of demol
ished monuments. Another tomb (in the Bab al-Nasr ceme
tery) has also been identified as that of Badr al-Gamali with
equal incertitude.
Plan: Kessler 1971
References- Meinecke and Meinecke-Berg 1980, 31; Sanders 2004, 124,
129-31
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1910, 103; Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 28,
BCCMAA 1915-19, 786, 621; BCCMAA
1933-35, 162-63

173
Zawiya of Gulaq
Map sheet

Before A 870 / AD1466

An inscription band on the entrance portal to this

small mosque states that the building was restored
in AD1466 by Qadi Nural-Din.Some small fragments
of fine stone carving are still visible externally, particularly in the
muqarnas work above the entrance and windows. Internally, the
small prayer-space is fronted by three arches supported on two
marble baton pillars. The building is derelict and the surrounding
ground level has risen by two meters since the restoration by the
Comite at the end of the nineteenth century. A proposal to dis
mantle and rebuild the zawiya at a higher level is described in
SCA 2002.
18

Plan' SCAArchive
References Creswell 1919, 136-37; Melnecke 1992,11391-92
Listing and conservation: BCCMA4 1887-88, 39-40; BCCMAA 1893 (2nd
ed.),80-1; Herr 1914 [1B82-19101, 49; BCCMAA 1915-19, 787, BCCMAA 1936-40, 59, 64; SCA2002, 127-30, 378-82

118

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

175
Madrasa and sabil of al-Ashraf Barsbay
AH829 / AD 1425
Barsbay, a mamluk of Sultan al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh,
assumed the sultanate in AD 1422 and governed
humanely until his death in 1438. The complex he
built on the Shari' Muizz li-Din Allah includes a
cruciform madrasa, minaret, sabil-kuttab, and tomb. Barsbay
himself isburied in his funerary complex in the northern ceme
tery (monument no. 121), although various members of his
family are interred here. The fagade of the complex, covered in
distinctive red-and-yellow ablaq masonry, has a continuous
high-level inscription band and crenellation. The minaret has a
square base with a muqarnas cornice, above which isset a cir
cular second tier and mabkhara. The stone masonry dome,
raised on scrolled corners over the tomb chamber, is carved
with a chevron pattern. The portal, with a muqarnas hood and
ablaq decoration, leads to a vestibule, which also gives access
to the sabil. From here, a dog-legged corridor extends to the
sahn, dominated by the qible wan, which contains an inlaid
marble dado and mihrab and a Comit6-period painted wood
ceiling. The inlaid wood-and-ivory minbar isoriginal. The west
ern wan retains its original ceiling; the high-level inscription
band that runs around the sahn isunusual in providing details
of the endowment that was made upon the madrasa.
In 2002 a pair of remarkable interlinked circular-plan cis
terns was discovered under the sabil of the complex, supported
at their centers by monolithic granite columns (see SCA 2002).

Mapsheet
19and20

Plan. Meinecke 1992, 1:157

References Creswell 1919, 123, Kessler 1969, 259-60; J Williams 1984,
42, Behrens-Abouscif 1985, 86; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988,
254-55; Meinecke 1992, 11337; Denoix et al. 1999, 11-3-4; Asfaur
2000, 241,251; Ismail 2000, 185-B; O'Kane 2000, 158
Lstang and conseration:BCCMAA 18B6, 9, BCCMAA 1887-88, 9: BCCMAA
1895, 88. 101-2; BCCMAA 1896. 20; BCCMAA 1900, 58-59, 64-65,
BCCMAA 1908, 75; BCCMAA 1907, 78-79; BCCMAA
1909, 72, 134,
Herz 1914 [1882-1910, 33, BCCAAA 1912, 24, 49, 109, 113, BCCMAA
1913, 52, 109, 132, BCCMM 1915-19, 402, 404, 492, 503, 510, 538,
541, 584, 630, 695, 697, 734, 773, 822; BCCMAA 1920-24, 28. 13, 84,
94, 96, 277, 342, 359-60; BCCMAA 1936-40, 272-74, 375, 379; BCCMAA 1941-45, 240, 292, 309, 345; BCCMAA 1946-53, 141,298, 347,
SCA2002. 133-35, 419-20

176
Mosque of Qadi Sharaf al-Din
AH717-3B i AD1317-37

This mosque is a large converted qa'a, similar to

those of Tashtamur (no. 153), Shakir ibn Ghanam
20
(no. 98), and Ahmed Bey Kohya (no. 521), original
ly part of a palace constructed between AD1317
and 1337 by Muhib al-Din Yayha. It later took the name of the
qadi Sharaf al-Din, who converted the qa'a into a mosque
shortly after the construction of the palace was completed. The
building's context changed dramatically in the early twentieth
century with the construction of Shari' al-Azhar, to which it is
Map sheet

adjacent. The entrance to the mosque, set back from the road
to the west (now out of use), is part of Sharaf al-Din's work.
This is a fine square-headed portal with ablaq and muqarnas,
which seems more appropriate for the entrance to a palace
than a mosque. The ground level adjacent to the building has
risen by two meters, and the mosque isapproached by descend
ing a steep flight of stairs. There isa painted wood ceiling in the
northern [wan, and a one-meter-wide wood inscription band
survives on the northern side of the building
Plan: SCAArchive
References- lizine 1972b, 89-93, 130, Maury et al 1982, 80-82; SetonWilliams and Stocks 1988, 283, Meinecke 1992, 11.178,OKane 2000,
154, 171
Listing and conservatron. BCCMAA 1887-88, 37: BCCMAA 1907, 99-100,
105-6, BCCMAA 1909, 43, 133; BCCMAA 1910, 59; Herz 1914
[1882-1910], 44, BCCMAA 1915-19, 85-91 (historical notice), 777,
BCCMAA 192D-24, 154, 257, 296, 359; BCCMAA 1941-45, 51, 151,
240, BCCMAA 1946-53, 333, SCA2002, 91-93

177
Fai;ade of the mosque of Muqbil al-Dawudi
AH798 1 AD1395

Muqbil al-Dawudi (known also as al-Rumi) was a

eunuch to sultans Barquq and Farag bn Barquq; he was
both keeper of the harim and head eunuch in Medina.
All that remains of the original foundation are the
western and southern faiades: the interior of the mosque ismodern.
The southern fagede has two inset stone bays; the western fagade
has two fine inscriptions and a portal with muqarnas decoration.
Map sheet
20

Plan. SCAArchive
References Creswell 1919, 117,Mostafa 1982, 101-2; Scton-Wi hams and
Stocks 1988, 283: Melinecke 1992, 11.286
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1892. 65 (classification of door only);
BCCMAA1898, 77, 135, Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 125, BCCMAA
1915-19, 781

178
Mosque of al-Gamali Yusuf

Ca. AH845 1 AD1441-42

is known also as the madrasat al

building
The
Map sheet
Sahibiya after the founder, Sah b Yusuf ion Abd al27
Karim. The entrance is through a trilobed stone
portal with two square inlaid kufic panels and one
naskhi inscription. The interior appears to have been refur
bished during the Muhammad 'Ali period with heavily decorated

wooden ceilings. The courtyard, which may originally have been

open, has also been enclosed by a similarly decorated ceiling
with a lantern. The mihrab has a stucco hood, however, that
must be contemporary with the building's foundation.

179
Sabil-kuttab of al-Kirdani
Eleventh century AN/ Seventeenth century AD
This listing includes not only the sabil-kuttab itself
-Mapsh
but also the faqade and portal of the wikala (known
19
also as the wikala of Abu Takiya) to which the
sabil-kuttab is attached. The sabil, situated on the
northern end of the wikala, has lost its kuttab, although it
retains a large decorated stone portal. The wikala seems
to be composed of two courtyards, whose peripheral arches can
barely be discerned among later accretions, which are occupied
by metal-working trades. The entrance to the wilkala is directly
opposite the wikalat al-Muhammadayn (no. 597); the character
of the masonry suggests that the two buildings had the same
patron. Hanna (1998) has posited that the two wikalas were
built by the seventeenth-century merchant Isma'l Abu Takiya
and his partner 'Abd al-Qadir al-Damiri, and she identifies the
wikala attached to the sabil-kuttab al-Kirdani as the wikalat
al-Kubra ('the Larger'), and the wikalat al-Muhammadayn (no.
597) as the wikalat al-Sughra ('the Smaller').
Plan, Ecole d'Architecture deVersailles 1987, 31
References. Pauty 1936, 23; Scharabi 1978, 162: Raymond 1979a, 286
(no. 125); Raymond and Wiet 1979, 261 (no. 6): cole d'Architecture
deVersailles 1987: Hanna 1998,127-30; Denoix et al. 1999, 11-61-62
Listing end conservation: Herm1914 [1882-1910]. xi (with no prior refer
ences); BCCMAA 1915-19, 490; BCCMAA 1933-35, 125, 127

180
Mosque and sabil

of Muhammad Sai'd Gaqmaq

AH855 / AD1451

Gaqmaq served Farag ibn Bargug, al-Mu'ayyad

Shaykh, and Barsbay before he became sultan him
self in AD1438. The main portal on the eastern
fagade of his foundation has an inscription band,
and the minaret survives in its entirety. The adjacent sabil-kuttab
has lost its second story. Abent entrance leads to an open court
flanked by four iwans. The whole building has been recently
and rather unsympathetically restored.
Map sheet
27

Plan* SCAArchive,
References Creswell 1919, 133; Seton-Williams and Stocks 198G, 282-83:
Meinecke 1992,11.372; Tantawi 1994, 86-91, OKane 2000, 158
Listing and conserrvation. 3CCMAA 1890, 93; BCCMAA 1892, 113-14;
BCCMA 1896, 40, 131-32; BCCMAA 1902, 98-99; Herz 1914
[1882-1910], 48, BCCMAA 1914, 103 BCCMAA 1915-19, 780;
BCCMAA 1920-24, 29, 96; BCCMAA 1933-35, 228; BCCMAA
1946-53, 347

Plan:SCAArchive
References- Creswell 1919, 107-8. Meinecke 1992, 11362; TanLawl 1994,
40-45; O'Kane 2000, 171
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1907, 91, ilem1914 [1882-1910], 58,
BCCMAA
1915-19, 784; BCCMAA 1936-40, 104, 121, 124, 131-32,
212, 214, 216-17, 2B6. 294. 297

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

119

181
Mosque of Murad Pasha

184

Mosque of 'Abd al-Ghani al-Fakhri

AH986 AD1578
This mosque's principal fa;ade, facing Shari' Bur
Said, has two trilobed portals separated by three
recessed window bays. The northern portal, elabo
rated with muqarnas, was the mosque's principal
entrance (now closed), while that to the south, leading to the
ablutions area, is plain. A minaret of typical Ottoman design
used to stand above the southern portal; it was taken down by
the Comite and never rebuilt The interior of the mosque has
four marble columns supporting the roof (at the center of
which is a malgaf) and a stone mibrab with arabesque carving
at its top.

AH821 l AD1418
was built in AD1418 for a wazir of
mosque
This
Map sheet
Sultan Farag dbn Barquq and al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh
27
who was notorious for his harsh methods of tax
collection, It is colloqially known as 'the Mosque of
the Girls' (al-banat).The main portal faces onto Shari' Bur Said
and has a sabil-kuttab to the south. Asecond, more modest
entrance isfrom adead-end alley off the Darb al-Gamamiz. The
main portal leads through a bent corridor into a courtyard with
four iwans. The ceilings of the qible and western iwans are
Comit6-period decorated ceilings; the other two are original.
The building was restored in the nineteenth century by Umm
Husayn (see U36), who added the Ottoman-style minaret, and
again most recently (in2000) by the SCA.

Mapsheet
27

Plan: SCAArchive
References. Pauty 1936, 12; Jaubert 1995, 196, el-Rashid 1999, 23, 75
Listing and conservation BCCMAA
1882-83 (2nd ed), 32, 45, OCCAAA
18B4, 3; BCCMAA 1903, 14-15; BCCMAA 1909, 9: Herz 1914

[1882-1910], 129; BCCMAA 1915-19, 781; BCCMAA 1927-29, 188:

BCCMAA
1936-40, 209-10, 266; SCA2002, 182

182
Mosque of Qadi Yahya Zayn al-Din
AH848

AD1444

Qadi Yahya was a civilian amir who became the

apskeet
chief steward of Sultan Gaqmaq. An unusually
27
rapacious tax-gatherer, he was subsequently
flogged to death by Sultan Gaytbay. Yahya chose
to be buried in this mosque, one of three that he built in Cairo
(see also no. 204). The building was originally situated within
an urban block beside the Khalig al-Masri, which ran its east
ern side. The building was heavily restored by the Comite from
1884 to 1897, during which the entire southern fagade and
part of the northern fapade were created, following the
removal of adjacent structures. The western fagade was later
'embellished' by the addition of a nineteenth-century sabil,
moved from a nearby location (see U36). The main entrance is
through an inscribed portal at the north that leads through a
dog-legged approach into a covered four-iwan madrasa, The
madrasa has lost most of the stone inscription that once ran
along its walls; the minaret survives intact.
Plan-Meinecke 1992, 1:58
References. Creswell 1919, 130; Pauty 1929, 152 and pl viii 33 Imuqarnas);
Seton-Willians and Stocks 1988, 282 and 405, Meinecke 1992,
11:364-65; Tantawi 1994, 50-60, Asfour 2000, 254-55
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1884, 12-13: BCCMAA 1887-88, 5D
BCCMAA 1B9, 117 (with plan); BCCMAA 1894, 55-56, 93, 102,
120-21; BCCMAA
1895, 16, 27-28, 31; RCCMAA 1896, 164, 179, BCC
MAA 1897, 26, 57, 113, 151: BCCMAA 1998, 10, Hera 1914
[1882-1910],163; BCCMAA 1915-19, 784; BCCIAA 1930-32, 42, 63;
BCCAA 1933-35, 26, 38, 103, 107; BCCMAA 1936-40, 69, 103, 266

120

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

Plan Kessler 1971 and CMP Survey

References: Cresweil 1919, 122; Seton-Willianis and Stocks 1988, 281;
Meinecke 1992, 11.325
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1894, 56, 80, 92-93, 102-03, 119-20;
BCCMIAA
1895, 29, 33, 71,87, 99; BCCMAA 1896, 23-24, 131, 141,
167, 182; BCCMAA 1897, 25, 57-58, BCCMAA 1899, 97-98; BCCMAA
1905, 110, Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 29; BCCMAA 1915-19, 775, 817;
BCCMAA1920-24, 255, 258; BCCMAA 1927-29, 188; BCC1AA
1930-32, 15, BCCMAA 1936-40, 13; BCCMA4 1946-53, 296

185

Mosque of Asanbugha

Maphe

AH772 / AD1370
Asanbugha ('Strong Bull', d. AD1375) was an amir

of Sultan al-Nasr Muhammad; he was imprisoned

after al-Nasir's death but later became governor of
Aleppo and controller of the armies. His complex
was heavily restored by the Comit# in the late nineteenth cen
tury, especially the sabil-kuttab. The wooden screen to the sabil
and the mashrabiya on the kuttab all date from this restoration.
The remainder of the fagade, with a high-level inscription band
and minaret, isintact. The interior of the mosque isspartan and
modern, the only original fragment being a springing of the
arch of the western iwan.
27

Plan 5CA Archive

References. Creswell 1919, 113, Behrens-Abouseif 1987, 105 SetonWilianms and Stacks 1988, 281, Mustafa 1989, 38, Meanecke 1992,
II 250
Listing and conservaton. BCCMAA 1891, 104, BCCMAA 1892, 112-13;
BCCMAA 1894,113-14, 151: BCCMAA 1895, 19, 29, 38-39, 43, 49, 74,
77; BCCMAA 1897, 20-21, 58, BCCMAA 1898, 117,BCCMAA 1902,
120; Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 24; BCCMAA
1915-19, 783

(186)
Madrasa of Muhammad Abu'l Fad1
AN689 / AD1290

Mapsheec This Shafii madrasa, known also under the name

Fadl Allah, was located immediately adjacent to the
27
mausoleum of Husam al-Din al-Turuntay (no. 590),
with which it was jointly registered. The madrasa
was subsequently deregistered in 1932 and the tomb given an
independent listing and new number. Amodern mosque stands
in its place today, although sparse remains of the madrasa's
brick walls are visible to the south.
Plan, None
References Creswell 1919, 83; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 281-82,
Meinecke 1992, 11.70
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 19D, 31 (not registered), BCCMAA
1908, 35, Her 1914 [1882-1910]. 53, BCCMAA 1915-19, 775; BCCMAA 1920-24, 146; CCMAA 1930-32, 33 (declassification)

187
Complex of Sultan Barquq

AR788-88 1AD1384-86

This major complex, built by al-Zahir Barquq, the

first Burgi Mamluk sultan of Egypt, includes a cru

ciform madrasa, a mausoleum, and a khangah for
125 students. Barquq himself was re-interred in the
northern cemetery in the khanqah built by his son Farag some
years later (monument no. 149)
The complex on the Bayn al-0asrayn is a masterpiece of
integrated design and decorative detailing. The crenellated
fagade has recessed window panels with muqarnas heads and
a high-level inscription band. At the complex's northern end
stands the tomb chamber, the dome of which is a late nine
teenth-century brick replacement for a plastered wood original
that had collapsed. The minaret that rises adjacent to this is
unusual in being heavily carved and patterned, the second tier
bearing a motif of intersecting circles with inlaid marble The
portal has a semi-dome (supported by muqarnas pendentives),
ablaq decoration, and a fine marble inscription. This leads
through a groin-vaulted vestibule to a bent entrance that
gives access to the sahn. The floors of the madrasa are paved
with geometric patterns of colored marble. A fountain occu
pies the center of the sahn, with a wooden dome above it sup
ported on marble columns, and an inscription band runs at
high level above the pointed-arched iwans that define the
space On the qibla side, pairs of granite columns stand to
either side of the central axis within the wan, creating a tri
partite space. An inlaid marble dado and mirab, together with
an elaborately decorated and gilded wooden ceiling, gives this
iwan a particularly rich appearance. Liturgical furniture
includes a fine minbar [alater endowment by Sultan Gaqmaq)
and a wooden dikka. The tomb chamber matches the qibla
iwan in the lavish use of marble decoration. To the west are
located the students' living units, which are largely ruined
today and occupied by squatters.
Map sheet
19

Plan, Mostafa 1982, p 9

References Creswell 1919, 116i Peuty 1929, 148 and pl.vi 23 (muqarnas)
Rogers 1976; Mostafa 1982; J. Williams 1984, 41, Behrens-Abouseif
1985, 81-85, Behrens-Abouseif 1987, 110,Behrens-Abouserf 1989,
133-35; 110; Tuschere, 1991, 324, Meinecle 1992, 11:269-70, Sayyid
1998, 302 and n 2; Denoix or al. 1999 1I25, O'Kane 2000, 168
Listing and conservation- BCCMAA1887-88, 2, BCCMA 1889, 8-86,
1891, 38, 40,
101-6; BCCMAA 1890, 115-16, 121,127-28; BCCMAA
42, 59, BCCMAA 1892, 82-83, 91-92, 105, 112,BCCMAA 1893 (2d
ed), 31,35-36, 52-53. 72, 81; BCCMAA 1894, 92, 114; BCCMA1895,
15,32, 48, 47, 95; BCCMAA 1896, 58,95-96,163,176; BCCMAA 1897,
1898, 24, BCCMAA 1903, 38, 62, 69; BCC
21-22, 62,81-82; BCCMAA
MAA 1904, 58-59; BCCMAA 1905, 109-10, BCCMAA 1906, 89; Herz
1914 [1882-1910, 30, BCCMAA 1911,79; BCCMAA 1915-19, 821-22,
BCCMAA 1925-26, 16-17, 22, BCCMAA1930-32, 177, 191, 200,
231-32; BCCMAA 1936-40, 131-33, BCCMAA 1941-45, 363; BCC
MA 1946-53, 297; SCA 2002, 159-62

188
Wikala of Taghribardi
Tenth century An/ Sixteenth century AD
Although this wikala shares the name of the adja
cent mosque (no. 42), it is known also (after an ear
lier founder) as the wikala of al-Anir. The precise
date of the building's construction is unknown; a fundug has
stood on this site since the Mamluk period. A fine square door
with extravagantly decorated muqarnas corbels to either side
leads into a groin-vaulted passageway that once connected to
the courtyard of the wikala, the structure of which has largely
been destroyed or overbuilt.

Map sheet
1

Plan!CMP Survey (portal only)

References, Scharabi 1978, 161; Raymond and Wiet 1979, 263 (no,25),
Denoix et al 1999,11:57-58
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1889, 95-96; Herz 1914 [1882-1910],
144; BCCMAA 1915-19, 792, SCA2002, 193-94

189
Mosque of al-Ghuri and house to the north
AH909-10 / AD1504-5
cruciform mad rasa, built above a remark
a
is
Map sheet This
ably dense complex of shop units and internal
20
streets. It has an unusual square minaret with
three tiers and a fine decorated ablaq portal. An
inscription band runs above the window recesses at high
level. The upper stories of the building contain cells for Sufi
students This foundation of Sultan al-Ghuri constitutes one
half of an architectural ensemble that straddles the Qasaba:
the counterpart structure, on the eastern side of the street,
includes his mausoleum and asabil-kuttab (see no. 67 above).
The interior of the mosque follows a cruciform plan, with the
iwans fronted by large pointed arches. The decorative treat
ment of all surfaces is lavish: particularly noteworthy is the
deep muqarnas band that runs along the top of the sahn
A cycle of restoration at the mosque, undertaken by the
SCA, was completed in 2000. The house to the north of the
madrasa included in this listing was substantially demolished

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

121

by the creation of Shari' al-Azhar; what remains isdisfigured by

modern shop fronts.
Plan: Meinecke 1992, 1:167
References Creswell 1919, 152; Pauty 1933b, 79 (no 19) (house), Mehrez
1972: Aalund 1980, 40, J.Williams 1984, 43, Behrens-Abouseif 1987,
149-52, Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 265: Melncke 1992, 11.452,
Asfour 2000, 247-48, O'Kane 2000, 160, 173
Listing and conservati. BCCMAA 1882-83 (2nd ed.), 50-51, BCCOAA
1884, 18; BCCMAA 1885, 17-18, 27-2B: BCCMAA 1898, 115-16, 8CCMAA 1899, 21-22, 70, 96, 106-7, 112-13; BCCMAA 1900, 81; BCCMAA 1901,77, 93, 114 (house), 126; BCCMAA 1902, 47, 77, 116; BCCMAA 1903, 28; BCCMAA 1904, 31, 44; BCCMAA 1905, 34-35, 54,
BCCMAA 1906, 89-90, 109; BCCMAA 1907, 9 (house), 33, 90 (house);
BCCMAA 1909, 32; Herz 1914 [1882-19101,62; BCCMAA 1911,36, 66,
BCCMAA 1912, 42, 54; BCCMA 1913, 33; BCCMAA 1915-19, 782,
826; BCCMAA 1930-32, 32, 71,191, 200 BCCMAA 1933-35, 103, 107,
126-27, 229; BCCMAA 1936-40, 103, 326, BCCMAA 1946-53, 145,
201, 283; el-Zaher and el-Ela 1995

contains a domed ablution fountain; this is not an original

feature, as the area would have been simply paved in Mamluk
times. To the west of the courtyard is the complex's bath
house (no. 410).
A major project to restore the mosque and rebuild the
southern, northern and western arcadesawas initiated in2000.
During the course of this work, excavations revealed the foun
dation of the Fatimid city wall within the mosque (indicated on
the map sheet in dashed lines]. This has subsequently been
covered over

Plan Mostafa 1992, 188 (for mosque); plan of Fatimid wall, courtesy N
Hampikian
References Artin Pacha 1884, Creswell 1919, 120-21: Pauty 1929, 148 and
pl. vi.21 (muqarnas); Hanna 1984, 4; J Williams 1984, 42: Swelim
1986; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988 270-74; Behrens-Abouseif
1989, 137-38, Flamamsy 1992, 56-57, Meinecke 1992, 11319, 342,
Blair and Bloom 1995, 8B-89, Seton-Watson 2009, 27-36
Lsihng and conservatron. BCCMAA 1887-88, 1-2; BCCMAA
1869, 117-18:
BCCMAA 1890, 69-77 (with plan and details), 105, 115,117-18; BCCMAA 1891, 22-23, 38-39, 40, 42, 52, 91,BCCMAA 1892, 56, 74, 80,
190
104-5: BCCMAA
1893 (2nd ed.), 34, 113; BCCMAA 1894, 37, 86-87,
Mosque of al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh
104, 148, BCCA4AA
1895, 94, 100; BCCMAA 1896, 146. 151-52; BCCAH823 / AD1420
MAA 1897, 109, 116; BCCMAA 1998, 121-22, BCCMAA 1902, 16-17,
112-13, BCCAA 1903, 62-63: RCCMAA 1907, 121; BCCMAA 1908,
Mapsheet Sultan al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh built this mosque in
50; BCCMAA 1909, 33, 61,149-50. Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 127; BCC20 and 21 fulfillment of a vow he made while incarcerated in
MAA 1911,36. 8CCMAA 1912, 4, 55; BCCMAA 1913, 69; BCCMAA
the notorious prison that previously occupied the
site. This isan enormous courtyard mosque, elevated
1914, 72, 91,99, 139; UCCMAA
1915-19, 458, 490, 630, 715; 729, 763,
above shops, with the main doors taken from the madrasa of
781; BCCAIAA 1920-24, 23, 2B, 42-43, 257, 261,339, 360, 8CCMAA
Sultan Hasan (no. 133). The walls at the north, south, and west
1933-35, 188, 190, 265-66; BCCMAA 1936-40, 326, 336, 338; BCCwere rebuilt by the Ministry of Endowments in 1874. The tower
MAA 1941-45, 26, 32; BCCMAA 1946-53, 77, 145, 147. 201, 339-40,
ing portal, with ablaq masonry, granite door jambs, and inlaid
371, 381, 413, 422: Ormos 2002, 132-33; SCA2002, 98-100, 231-48;
inscriptions, stands on the eastern side of the building. Of the
C Williams 2002, 463

three minarets originally constructed for the mosque, only the

two on top of the Bab Zuwayla (no. 199) survive, inscribed with
the name of their architect.
The original route into the mosque was probably from the
vestibule through the northern corridor, but visitors proceed
today directly to the qibla arcades from a door on the south
ern side of the vestibule through the domed tomb chamber of
the sultan. The outermost arcade was rebuilt in 1874 after its
collapse and is distinguished by its plain ceiling, unlike the
heavily painted ceilings of the other original arcades. An
original inscribed marble dikka stands in the center of the
outermost original arcade. The qibla wall and mibrab are
magnificent examples of inlaid marble technique Some
Ottoman tiles also survive at the southern end of this wall at
high level. The inlaid and carved woodwork on the original
minbar and doors to the tomb chambers isof a similarly high
standard. The dome over the southern tomb chamber, intended
for the female members of the sultan's family, may never have
been completed, and this space now has a flat timber roof. A
staircase constructed by the Comite outside the southeastern
corner of the mosque leads up to the platform of the Bab
Zuwayla. The mosque's twin minarets (their finials are Comite
restorations) stand atop the two flanking towers of the
Fatimid gate, with their supporting structure passing through
the lower level of the towers. The courtyard of the mosque

122

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

191
Mausoleum of Baybars al2Khayyat
AH920-21 IAD 1515
Map sheet Baybars al-Khayyat fought for Sultan al-Ghuri
against the Ottomans, by whom he was taken
20
prisoner. The tomb chamber is the only original
part of the complex; the remainder, including a
madrasa, was totally rebuilt by the ComitE in 1896. The carved
chevron stone dome over the tomb has an inscription band
running along its base. The tomb chamber retains its original
inlaid marble mirab and a bitumen-Inlaid inscription band,
but both are in bad condition.
Plan Kessler 1971
References Creswell 1919, 157, Meinecke 1992,11-470
Lsting and conservation. BCCMAA
1882-83 (2nd ed),22, 33, 47; BCCMAA
1885, 18-19; BCCMAA 1889, 111; BCCMAA 1902, 49; BCCMAA 1905,
36 Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 38: BCCMAA 1915-19, 777; BCCMAA
1946-53, 145

195

192
Zawiya of Fayruz

Mosque of al-Mar'a (Fatima Shaqra)

AH873 / AD1468

AHl830 / AD 1426

who
Maphee Fayruz ('Turquoise') was a Circassian eunuch
served sultans al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh, Barsbay, and
27
Gaqmaq His small zawiya has many fine decorative
details, including decorated wooden ceilings. The
portal's inscription bands-two inlaid kufic and one naskhi-are
intact; a double inscription is situated above the hood of the
mrab. Aribbed dome (of plastered brick) over the tomb sur
vives in good condition. The window niches in the western iwan

have muqarnas hoods.

Plan Kessler 1971

References. Creswell 1919, 124, Seton-Williarns and Stocks 1988, 280;

Meinecke 1992.11.342
Lsting and conservation: BCCMAA 1887-8B, 20-21; BCCMAA 1891, 39;

BCCMAA 1905, 66-67, 85; Herz 1914[1882-1910], 55; BOMAA 1912,

88; BCCMAA 1913, 35 BCCMAA 1915-19, 777, BCCMAA 1920-24,

157, 255-56, 259, 299, 359, 366, BCCMAA 1925-26, 15, 30, BCCMAA

1936-40, 65-66; 8CCMAA 1946-53, 295

'The Mosque of the Women' is known also by the

name of the mother of a Mamiuk amir: Fatima

Shaqra-an unfounded tradition. The only Momluk

elements of the masque that survive are the portal

(whose inscription has been effaced) and the mihrab The rest

of the mosque's interior and the minaret are Ottoman addi

tions. The mosque's exterior has been heavily seaffolded since

the 1992 earthquake, awaiting restoration.

Map sheet
28

Plan: SCAArchive

References*Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 276, Mernecke 1992, 11:397,

Asfour 2000, 255

listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1896, 16-17; BCCMAA 1889, 67-68,

82-B3: BCCMAA 1898, 77, BCCMAA 1903, 39; BCCMAA 1905, 49;

1907, 19; Herz 1914 [1382-1910], 114: BCCMAA 1915-19,

BCCMAA
780; BCCMAA 1936-40, 226, 333; CCMAA 1941-45, 241

196

Mosque of Yusuf Agha al-Hin

193

Mosque of Aqsunqur al-Fariqani al-Ilabashli

AH1080 / AD1669-70

on its
This small courtyard mosque withbya sabil
Muhammad
southwestern crner was built
Katkhuda Mustahfizan The interior (restored in
1913), entered through a trilobed portal on the

eastern fagade, has an unusual plan The roofs are supported on

five antique columns (one of black porphyry, two of granite,

and two of marble). The minaret survives but has lost its final

Map

tier.

Plan After SCAArchive

References-Pauty 1936, 11;Raymond 1979a, 254 no 39) (sabil), el-Rashidi

1999,34,94
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1887-88, 31: SCCMAA 1901, 114 (clas
sification of sabil);BCCMAA 1906, 98 [classification of mosque), BCC-

MAA 1909, 49; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 15, BCCMAA 1915-19, 778,

BCCMAA 1933-35, 307, 330

AH1035 / AD 1625

This mosque was originally built on the Khalig al

Masri; this may account for the presence of the

2M
large mashrabiya on the western fagade, which

would have overlooked the canal. The Comit6 added

a copy of the sabil-kuttab of 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda (no. 21)

to the facade facing the Islamic Museum; the sabil-kuttab on the

eastern fagade is original to the complex and is noteworthy for

its fine painted wood ceiling. The main trilobed portal on the

eastern fagade has two inscriptions; the Ottoman-style minaret

is intact. The building was restored by the SCA in 1999.

Plan. SCAArchive

References: Panty 1936, 23 (sabil); Raymond 1979a, 246-47 (no. 17),

Behrens-Abouself 1989, 163, el-Rashidi 1999, 86-89

Listing and conservation- BCCMAA 1890, 120, BCCMAA 1896, 127; Herz

1930-32,

1915-19,.794; BCCMAA
1914 [1882-1910], 166, OCCMAA
69, 216; BCCMAA 1933-35, 206, 228, CCMAA 1936-40, 2,6, 56, 104,

216, 215

194

197

Sabil-kuttab of 'Abd al-Baqi Khayr al-Din

Sabil-kuttab of 'Ali Bey al-Dumiati

AH1088

Map sheet
27

/ AD1677

This isan Ottoman sabil -kuttab with highly decorat

ed itone Fagades inlaid with marble panels and
inscriptions, and a trilobed portal. The sabil retains
its original bronze grilles, but the building isderelict.

Plan: SCA Archive

References Pauty 193B, 23, 24, Raymond 1979a, 256 (no 43)

listing and conservation lCCMiA 1892, 106-7 (classification), Herz 1914

[1882-1910], 2, BCCMAA 1915-19, 775

AH 1122 /AD 1710

Map sheet
This is a highly decorative Ottoman sabil-kuttab, with

carved stone roundels on its fagade. One original

27
bronze grille to the sabil, fragments of the salsabil

emplacement, and a coffered, painted timber ceiling

survive, as does the kuttab above. The room to the east, housing the

water distribution system, is intact, An unfinished ancient marble

capital adorns the column that supports the arches of the kuttab.

Plan- SCAArchive

References Panty 1936, 23: Raymond 1979a, 262 (no. 60)

Listing and conservatoo: BC0MAA 1909, 110; Herz 1914 11882-1910, 17;

1920-24, 359

776,819, BCCMAA

68; BCCMAA
1915-19,

BCCMAA 1911,

DESCRIPTIVE

CA-TA-LOGUE

123

198

200

Sabil in the waqf of Hebaysh

Mosque of Malika Saftya

Twelfth century An / Eighteenth century AD

The location of the sabil on the corner of the tab'
of Sultan Barsbay that gives the name to the
28
street-Taht al-Rab'-and the presence of a carved
panther on the fa;ade would seem to indicate that
this building may be an eighteenth-century reuse of part of the
original Mamluk complex that stood on this site. The upper
story [part of the rab') has disappeared, leaving the first-floor
corbels in situ.
Map sheet

Plan. SCAArchive
References: Pauty 1936, 23; Meinecke 1973, 217 and no, 32; Raymond
1979a, 285 (no 122)
Listing and conservaton. BCCMAA 1891, 26: Herz 1914 [1882-1910]. 75,
BCCMAA 1915-19, 778

199
Bab Zuwayla
A" 485 / AD1092

The Bab Zuwayla marks the southern boundary of

the walled enclosure of al-Gahira constructed by
Badr al-Gamali. The most complete description of
its architecture can be found inCreswell (1952). It
comprises two large round-fronted towers that are surmounted
by the twin minarets of the mosque of al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh
(no. 190). The current access to the upper and lower platforms
of the gate is from a staircase to the west of the gate, and is
a construction of the Comit6. The original access, now
blocked, lies to the east of the gate, and was within the
thickness of the curtain wall, which can be seen from the
upper platform. The gate was heavily restored by the Comit&,
and it was cleaned and restored from 1999 to 2003 (together
with the minarets of al-Mu'ayyad Slaykh) by the EAP. Recent
excavations have revealed the level of the Fatimid pavement
below the gate's entrance to be some three meters below
ground level.
Plon;Creswell 1952,198 (for the Bab Zuwayla) and fig. 102 (for the Fatimld
Map sheet
21

wall to the east of the Bab Zuwayla).

References* Artn Pacha 1884, Creswell 1919, 56-57; Creswell 1952,
,196-201, 205-6, Meinecke 1992, 11414; ARCE!EAP 1995, Bierman
1998, 73, 103, 141; Sayyrd 1998, 424-30, Seton-Watson 2000,
24-26
Listing and conservatro. BCCMAA 1882-83 (2nd ed.)33, 39-40, BCCMAA
1889, 65-66, BCCMAA 1890, 96; BCCMAA 1892, 68-69; BCCMAA
1893 (2nd ed), 74; BCCMAA 1894, 45-46, 79; BCCMAA 1897, appen
dix x-xii; BCCMAA 1899, 44, 54, 76, 8CCMAA 1901, 46, 59; BCCMM
1902, 18; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 170, B3CCMAA
1915-19, 511,531,
647, 715, 745, 773, 7B4, BCCMAA 1920-24, 70, 77 97, 231: BCCMAA
1930-32, 176; BCCMAA 1936-40, 82, 278, 326, 336, 336 BCCMA
1941-45, 32, 81,241,291, 362; BCCMAA 1946-53, 75-76, 139, 198,
281; ARCEfEAP 2004a

AH1019 /AD 1610

This mosque was built by 'Uthman Agha, the chief

black eunuch of Malika Safiya (Sophia), the

21and28
Venetian wife of Sultan Murad Ill

and mother of
Mehmed Ill. Safiya managed to appropriate all
of
'Uthman's property after his death, The mosque israised high
off the ground and is approached by large semicircular stairs
on three sides. These entrances lead to a columned forecourt,
with domes around its perimeter, that precedes a domed
prayer hall The mihrab is lined with a Mamluk-style marble
revetment, and the minbar is constructed of marble. Awood
en gallery sits above the western entrance wall, another runs
along the base of the dome. The subsidiary dome to the north
east does not seem to cover a tomb as one might expect The
minaret is intact, although the mosque has lost the garden
that once surrounded it (see no. 330).
Mp sheet

Plan Mostafa 1992, 303

References. Pauty 1936, 16-18; J. Williams 1969, 45B-59 and app. 8
(462-64); Seton-Williams and Stocks 198B, 229-30, Bates 1991,

159-61, Behrens-Abouseif 1989, 162; Behrens-Abouseif 1994,

208-11, 253-57; el-Rashidi 1999, 7B-82

Listing and conservation, SCCMAA 1882-83 (2nd ed), 41, BCCMAA

1887-88, 17-18; BCCMAA 1889, 107, SCCMAA 1890, 67-68, 90:

BCMAA 1892, 81; OCCMAA

1893 (2nd ed), 87, BCCMAA 1896, 39,

55, 119: BCCMAA 1889, 7; BCCMAA 1908, 16-17. 57, BCCMAA

1910, 59, Hera 1914 [18B2-19101, 142, BCCMAA 1911,65, RCCMAA
1912, 83, BCCMAA 1913, 33, 52, BCCMAA 1915-19, 177-81, 613,
615, 627, 697, 708, 712, 745, 764, 773-74 783, BCCMAA 1920-24,
95, 151,157, 176, 255, 25B, 356, 359-60, RCCMAA 1925-26, 15, 17,
50, 116, BCCMAA 1930-32, 8: BCCMAA 1946-53, 141

201
Mosque of al-Burdayni
AH1025-38/ AD1616-29

extremely ornate little Ottoman mosque is

Mapsh eet This
and decorated entirely in the Mamluk style,
built
21
with fine marblework and painted wood ceilings.
An elaborately decorated minaret stands to the
west Construction was begun by Karim al-Din Burdayni,
whose name the mosque bears, but the building was finished

in AD1694 by another patron. The mosque was restored by the

SCA in1998
Plan- Mostafa 1992, 307
Rcfrences Pauty 1936, I1 Behrens-Abouseif 1989, 163-64, BehrensAbouseif 1994, 243-44; el-Rashidi 1999, 82-86
Listing and conservoion BCCMAA
1899, 14; BCCMAA
1906, 89-90: Herz
1914 (1882-1910], 40, BCCMAA
1913, 32; BCCMAA 1915-19, 777. B23

II
II

124

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

202
Remains of the mosque of Qawsun
AH730 1 AD1330

Most of this large courtyard mosque, built by

Oawsun, the great amir of al-Nasir Muhammad,
was demolished during the construction of Shari'
Muhammad 'Ali between 1845 and 1870. Some of
its stucco windows in the perimeter wall, of intricate and var
ied design, survive, as does the northern gate-a simple stone
arch. The courtyard is full of weeds and evidently flooded, with
no visible remains of columns, arcades, or other structures.
Most of the area of the original mosque was built over by a new
mosque (U62) and apartment blocks. At some distance to the
east, on the Shari' al-Surugiya, stands a portal (no. 224) that
may have been another entrance to the mosque
Map sheet
22

Pon, Minecke 1992, I60 (for reconstruction)

References: Creswell 1919, 95, Meinecke 1977, 89-97 J Williams 1984,
36; Meinecke 1992, 11155; al-Harithy 2000, 229-30: Karlm 2002
Listing and conservation BCCMAA1894, 78; BCCMAA 1910, 71-72,
149-55 (historical notice), Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 107; BCCMAA
1910, 149-55, 8CCMAA 1915-19, 402, 764, 782

203
Zawiya and sabil of Farag ibn Barquq
AH811 /AD 1408
Map shee

The building was moved in 1924 by the Comiti from

its original emplacement directly fronting Bab

Zuwayla to accommodate the widening of the Darb
al-Ahmar, and raised above contemporary ground
level. A substantial section of the portal was added at the time. The
building probably had a kuttab originally, but nothing of it survives.
The fa9ades and the interiors are highly decorated, with a particu
larly remarkable wooden muqarnas ceiling to the sabil room. In
2004, the building was still under restoration by the EAP.
21

Plan. Mostafa 1972, pl. 6

References* Creswell 1919, 119: Mostafa 1972; Mostafa 1989, 33-42;
Meinecke 1992, 11308-9; Behrens-Abouseif 1994, 188; Seton-Watson
2000, 37-44

Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1862-83 (2nd ed.), 40-41; BCTMAA

1895, 27, BCCMAA 1904, 44; 9CCMAAA
1905,74, Herz 1914
[1882-19101, 53; BCCMAA 1911,65; BCCMAA 1912, 83;BCCMAA
1913, 52, BCCMAA 1915-19, 578, 647, 700, 777; BCCMAA 1920-24,
145, 154, 231-32, 255,258, 274, 397-406 (historical notice), BCCA4AA
1933-35, 26, 38, 158, 172, 17q-80

ed by columns of different heights and different materials on

marble bases. There are many inscriptions in the area of the
mihrab, which has a decorated hood. Over the mihrab is a
maqsura dome of wood-lined brick, externally plastered. The
mosque isapproached through a trilobed portal that has lost
most of its original decoration. Above this rises a minaret, with
a lower tier of carved stone and an intermediate tier of plas
tered timber; the minaret's finial ismissing. To the side of the
portal is a kuttab. The complex was restored by the Comite in
1905 and again by the SCA in 1998-99.
Plan: SCAArchive
References Creswell 1919, 131-32, Behrens-Abouseif 1987, 125; Meinecke
1992, 11.374, Tantawl 1994, 69-76

1895,7-8: BCCMAA 1900. 87-88, 8CCListing and conservation. BCCMIAA

MAA 1903, 5, 64, 80; BCCMAA 1906, 37-38, 47-48, 80, Herz 1914
11882-1910], 162;BCCMAA 1911,37, 60, BCCMAA 1912, 23, 49;
BCC/MAA 1913, 83; BCCMAA 1914, 154; BCCMAA 1915-19, 403, 433,
446, 464, 585, 784, BCCMAA 1920-24, 23, 45, 94, 98, 154, 257, 280,
339, 360; BCCMAA 1927-29, 188

205
Minaret and door of the mosque of Bashtak
AH736 / AD1336

Map sheet The minaret and doorof the original mosque of the
amir Bashtak-the builder of a surviving palace
29
(no. 34) and bathhouse (no. 24-4)-have been
incorporated into the structure of a nineteenth
century mosque (U69). The portal of the original mosque has an
extraordinarily deep horizontal muqarnas soffit. Of the two
inscriptions that survive, the lower one is badly damaged and
nearly illegible Aspiral stair leading to roof level isset within
the solid masonry to one side of the portal, while the other side
provides the base for the minaret itself, All three tiers of the
stone-balustraded minaret are intact.
Plan 5CA Archive
References. Creswell 1919, 98: J Williams 1984, 36: Behrens-Abouself
1987, 81-B4; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 345, Meinecke 1992,
11173

Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1897, 66(classification), BCCMAA 1910,

121; Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 35, CCMAA 1915-19, 793, BCCMAA
1946-53, Ds,311,402, 405

206
Mosque of Qaraqoga al-Hasani

AH845 1 AD1441-42

204
Mosque of Qadi Yahya
AH856 1 AD1452
The portal inscription describes this building as a
ribot,or hospice for the poor, an unusual building
type for Cairo. It was built by the same Qadi Yahya
who built a mosque (no. 182) some distance to the
north on the edge of the Khalig al-Masri and another mosque
in Bulaq (monument no. 334). The building's sahn is surround

Map sheet
29

Map sheetThis small cruciform mosque is distinguished by its

entirely freestanding minaret, approached by a

30
bridge at roof level. The entrance ison the western
facade through a deeply recessed, square muqarnas
portal with inlaid marble geometric kufic pqnels Above the
portal on projecting corbels isan Ottoman painted wood ceiling.
This projection once supported a brick room above, which has
now collapsed The sahn of the mosque appears to have been
enclosed by the Comit6, it now has a corrugated-iron roof
lantern, There isan inscription band around the sahn at a high

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALO6UE

125

level. Ottoman-style painted wood ceilings with bands of

inscriptions (Qur'anic extracts) survive inside the western and
qibla iwans, the inscription to the left-hand side of the
mosque's portal isheavily eroded. The qibla iwan isframed by
a horseshoe arch; that opposite has a wooden kurdi. The lateral
iwans are fronted by pointed arches The mihrab is a simple
stone design. O'Kane (2000) dates the mosque's extensive
restoration to 1874-75 (that is, prior to the Comiti).
Plan- SCAArchive
References; Creswell 1919, 129, Tantaw, 1994, 31-39, Meinecke 1992,
11:363,
Fernandes 2000, 214, OKane 2000, 159, 160, 171
Listing and conservation. BCCMM 1891,97-9B, BCCMAA 1896, 42; BCCMAA
1905, 82, 8CCMAA 1906, 5-6, 90; BCC/M 1907. 10-11, Herz 1914
[1882-1910], 95; BCCMAA
1915-19, 134-39, 321,404, 585, 795; BCCMAA 1920-24, 95, 25B, BCCMAA
1927-29, 188; BCCMAA
1946-53, 204

207
Facade and minaret of the mosque
of Mughalbay Taz
AH871 / AD1466

Mapsheet Little isknown about the founder of this mosque.

The chief interest of the building today is the
23
minaret, which has richly carved muqarnas,
arabesques, and geometric designs [the minaret's
upper story has collapsed). The trilobed portal with a muqarnas
conch has been bricked up and its inscriptions destroyed. The
lintels over the low-level windows in the fagade are carved
with geometric motifs. The interior is new and disused, with a
floor built above the level of the original to match the rise in
external ground level.
Plon:SCA
Archive
ReferencesCreswell 1919, 137, Hanna 1934. 68-71; Meinecke 1992,11392
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1886, 11-12; BCCMAA 1889, 59-60;
BCCMAA
1905, B1 (classification of minaret); Herz 1914 [1802-1910],
112: BCCMAA 1915-19, 800: BCCMAA 1920-24, 360, SCC4AA
1925-26,17, 111;BCCMAA
1927-29,92, 95. 194, SCCMAA 1930-32, 15

208
Palace of Radwan Bey
Map sheet
21

AH1060 /AD 1650

Radwan Bey directed the annual pilgrimage to
Mecca for many years. The enormous mid-seven

teenth-century development that he founded

contiguous to his palace includes the covered
street known as the Tentmakers' Bazaar (nos. 406-408), shops,
apartment units, two small mosques, and a sabil. Parts of this
complex may have been used during the pilgrimage procession.
The entire palace, which includes two ruined ga'as, was at one
point part of the same listing, now applied solely to the
maq'ad. This has three arches supported on marble columns
with a small wooden pedimented baldachino between two of
the columns. The maq'ad and the upper floors (heavily
restored by the Comitd) are approached from a trilobed portal.
The courtyard around which the palace was originally built
has been infilled by carpentry workshops.

126

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

Plan, Revault and Maury 1975, 72

References- Pauty 1933b, 81 (no. 34), Pauty 1936, 37; Revault and Maury
1975, 67-82; Llewellyn 1984; Hanna 1989; Jaubert 1995, 200
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1894, 106-7 (ciassification); BCCMAA
1900, 34; BCCMAA 1901, 49-50, BCCMAA 1902, 36, 83: BCCMAA
1904, 22-23; BCCMAA 1909, 115-16| BCCMAA 1910, 16, 49, 75-76;
Hez 1914 [1882-1910], 139; SCCMAA 1912 (ap pendix), 117-18; BCCMAA 1915-19, 782; OCCMAA 1930-32, 66 (item d); BCCMAA
1933-35, 45; BCCMM 1936-40, 107, BCCMAA 1946-53, 14, 141,
184; SCA2002, 101-4 [misnumbered 604)

209
Mosque of Taghribardi
AH844

/ AD1440

Taghribardi al-Buklumushi was a mamluk of Sultan

Farag ibn Barquq who subsequently became the
secretary of Sultan Gagmaq; he was murdered in AD
1442. Taghribardi's funerary complex compresses
the standard elements of a Mamluk urban foundation into a
very small site. The mosque is approached through an ablaq
portal with a trilobed muqarnas hood and two inscription
bands at low and high levels. To the left of the portal is a sabil
(now occupied by a shop); the kuttab above is a rather heavy
handed Comite reconstruction dating to 1911 A minaret rises
on a square base behind the sabil; a tomb with a brick dome to
the right of the entrance has rather curious lozenge-like ribbing
on its outer surface. The sahn is open and covered by both an
awning and wire mesh, with a high-level inscription around it.
The qibla and lateral iwans have decorated wooden ceilings,
and the whole interior is surrounded by an inlaid marble dado.
The cistern beneath the sabil of the complex was recently doc
umented (SCA 2002).
Map sheet
24

Plan;Meinecke 1992, 1 158

References- Creswell 1919, 127; Pauty 1929, 147 ([muqarmas); Kessler 1969,
264, 265 J. Williams 1984, 39 pl 5; Behrens-Abouseif 1987, 90-54,
Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 358-59, Meinecke 1992, 11.360-61;
Tantawi 1994, 16-27
Listing and conservban BOCCMAA
1894, 14, 71-72, 82; Herz 1914
[18B2-1910], 144, BCCMAA
1914, 58, BCCMAA 1915-19, 840, BCCMAA 1920-24, 55 94, 96, 255, 257, 259, 275, 359: BCCMAA 1930-32,
23, 252; BCCMAA 1933-35 26, 32, 38; 3CCMM 1936-40, 227, 230,
SCA417-18

210
Mosque of Hasan Pasha Tahir
AH 1224/ AD 1809

The Tahirs were functionaries in the court of

Muhammad 'Ali. The association with Hasan Pasha
Tahir, given in the Index of Monuments, is disputed
by Seton-Williams and Stocks (1988), who identify
'Al and 'Abdin Pasha as founders Although the complex dates
to the early nineteenth century, it is decorated in the Mamluk
style-unusual for a building constructed during the reign of
Muhammad 'All. The complex comprises a sabi, with an enor
mous intact circular marble basin; a tomb-chamber with an
Mapsheet
30

inscribed marble lintel, three marble cenotaphs and a ribbed

dome of plastered brick; a trilobed entrance portal; a three

tiered minaret; and an arcaded prayer hall with traditional

marble dados. There is also an external prayer space to the

north with a mihrab set on a corrected angle. In the garden

area to the northwest of the mosque stands the freestanding

tomb of Ahmad Pasha Tahir, the brother of Hasan (see no. 565).

Although only the fagade is registered in the Index of

Monuments, recent restoration work by the SCA in the mosque

complex would suggest that the entire building is now to be

considered a listed monument.

Plan- SCAArchive

References. Pauly 1936, 12, Seton-Villiams and Stocks 1988. 334;

Behrens-Abouseif 1989, 166-67

Listing and consevation: BCCMAA 1905, 46, Herz 1914 (1882-19101, 155,
BCCMAA 1915-19, 794; BCCMAA 1925-26, 17, 72; BCCMAA 1927-29,
193, BCCMAA 1946-53, 140, 292

211
Mosque of Azbak al-Yusufi
AH900 / AD1494
Azbak, a mamluk of Sultan Gaqmaq, died in AD
1499. His cruciform madrasa is built on a corner
site, very much in the Oaytbay style, with an abun
dance of highly decorative surface treatments A
sabil-kuttab (with its own entrance) stands to the left of Lhe
main portal on the northern side of the building, and a ga'a
once stood to the right of the portal behind the main prayer
space (now demolished). A hawd is located at the extreme
north of the northern facade The ornately carved minaret is
positioned to the right of the portal. Asecondary portal, on the
southern side of the building, isnow blocked. The principal portal
has a muqarnas head, both low- and high-level inscriptions,
and intact metal revetments on its doors. Abent entrance leads
past the tombs of the founder and his wife (actually located in
the northeastern !wan) to the sahn, which is covered by an
ornately carved shukhshaykha and has a geometric inlaid poly
chrome marble floor. Fine carving covers the surfaces of the
voussoirs of the arches to the iwans; the minbar and kursi are
both original.

Map shet
Ma s

Plan. Revault and Maury 1979, 29

References Creswell 1919, 148, Revault and Maury 1979, 21-30: SetonWilliams and Stocks 1988, 358; Behrens-Abouseif 1989, 150;
Meianecke 1992,11:438-39; Fernandes 1997, 115: Asfour 2000, 253-54,

O'Kane 2000, 370

Listing and conservation- BCCMAA 1987-88, 24, 49, 8CCMAA 1902.
78-79; BCCMAA 1909, 87; BCCMAA 1910, 98, Herz 1914
[1882-1910], 51, BCCMAA 1915-19, 793; BCCMAA 1920-24. 24,
1927-29, 92, 94, 140, 194, BCCMAA 1930-32,98,271;
98; BCCA4AA
BCCAA 1933-35, 26, 39, 157, 171,179; BCCMAA 1936-40, 266,
BCCMAA 1941-45, 52, 241, 337, 362, BCCMAA 1946-53,12, 33, 53,

133-34

213
Sabil of Yusuf al-Kurdi
Tenth century AD/ Sixteenth century Au
This sabil still has its original bronze grilles and
Mapsheet
decorative stone strapwork; most of its portal has
collapsed, however, and the interior is derelict. The
mosque, to which the sabil is attached, appears to be
unlisted, although it possesses many amak decorative features.
The mosque's faqade is composed of a central trilobed portal
with a muqarnas conch and muqarnas niching as squinches,
flanked by carved spandrel panels Symmetrically disposed to

either side of the portal are two tomb chambers, with windows to

the street, beyond which is a covered sahn and a gibla 1wan. A

dwelling was built above the street frontage of the mosque in

the nineteenth century, and a minaret of rendered bridk stands

to the north over a secondary entrance. Also to the north is a

more modern zawiya, which contains an Ottoman mlhrab'dating

to 1725. Both sabil and mosque are shown in plan here.

Plan SCAArchive

References Raymond 1979a, 244 (no. 11)

1890, 131; BCCMAA 1892, 111-12;

Listing and conservairon. BCCMAA

1906, 123-24 (his
1905, 46, BCCM/AA
1903, 54, BCCA4AA
BCCMAA
torical notice on mosque); BCCMAA 1907, 125, Here 1914
[1882-19101, 107,BCCMAA 1912, 104, BCCMAA 1915-19, 795; BCCMAA 1933-35, 332

214
Favade of zawiya of 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda
AH1142

AD1729

This small zawiya in the section of the Qasaba

known as Magharbellin has an ornate favade with
21
a projecting stone muezzin's balcony, and cusped
trilobed arches. The zawiya is on the first floor, over
shop units. The entire building was dismantled by the SCA in
1997 and reconstructed at a higher level.
Map sheet

Plan- Sameh 1946 (first floor)

References'Sameh 1946, 23-27; Raymond 1972, 240
1904, 45 (classification), Her 1914
Listing and conservation' BCCMAA
1915-19, 775, BCCMAA 1920-24, 256, 273,
11882-1910], 3; BCCMAA
355, 359

215

Qubba of Awlad al-Asyad

Eighth century At I Fourteenth century AD

This mausoleum, with its stone base and plasteredMap shee
brick ribbed dome, isset back from the street, and
22
is the only surviving portion of what must have
been a larger complex. Access today is from a side
street, and the tomb stands in a rubbish dump, with a greatly
increased ground level surrounding it.
Plan- Kessler 1971
References' Meinecke 1992,11-153
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1910, 70-71 (classification): Herz 1914
1915-19, 776; BCCMAA 1946-53, 14
11B82-19101, 25; BCCMAA

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

127

217
Fagade of the mosque of Gaqmaq
AH853 /AD1449
This building is known also (for reasons that remain
unclear) as the mosque of Lagm al-Sa'if. It has a
tnilobed muqarnas portal with an Inscription nam
ing Sultan Gaqmaq as the founder, and a crenellat
ed front. The mosque itself is more interesting than its faade,

however, and takes the form of an open courtyard with arched

riwaqs supported on reused antique columns, with an undeco

rated mihrab and a dlkka on the opposite side of the sahn.

Plan SCAArchive

References- Creswell 1919, 132, Meinecke 1992. 1137DTantaw 1994,

81-85
Map sheet

31

Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1889, 57, 94-95, BCCMAA 1899,

123-24, BCCMAA 1900, 88: BCCMAA 1901, 94 BCCMAA 1903, 38-39;
BCCMAA
1904, 79, BCCAA 1906, 4-5: BCCMAA
1909, 104-5, 135,
BCCMAA 1910, 58; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 148; BCCMAA
1911,651
BCCMAA 1912, 83, BCCMAA 1913, 83; BCCMAA
1915-19, 102-5, 388,
399, 403, 461,463-64, 502, 519, 585, 624-25, 639, 695, 697.700, 773,
795, BCCMAA 1920-24, 23, 94, 96, 100, BCCMAA
1925-26, 16; BCCMAA 1930-32, 15-16, 19, 54, 59-60, 99,177, 191, 200, 232; BCCMAA
1933-35, 1, 4, 7, 10.20-21, 25, 37-3B, 126, 12B,157, 171,179, 185,
201-2, 228, 237, 241, BCCAA 1938-40, 13,56, 227, 229-33, 258-59,
267-69, 272-73, 275, 278, 322, 333, 342, 348-49, 359-60; BCCMM
1941-45, 14, 26, 129, 290, 320, 337, 363 (mosque and tomb); 60,
204-5, 215,240 (Ottoman house]: C Willrams 2002, 462

219
Sabil of Yusuf Bey

trsting and conservation' BCCMAA1887-88, 47-4B; BCCMAA

1906, 57

(cJassification); Hera 1914 [1882-19101, 109, BCCMAA

1915-19, 794;
RCCMLAA
1936-40, 13,103, BCCMAA
1946-53, 340-41

218
Mosque of Sarghatmish
AH757 1 AD1356
Abutting the northwestern wall of the ziyada of the
mosque of lbo Tulun (no. 220) stands this substan
tial complex, built by an amir of al-Nasir
Muhammad, which contains many fine decorative
details The entrance isthrough an imposing portal, the frame of
which rises slightly above the cornice line of the building. This
has amuqarnas hood, flanked by delicate arabesque carving that
may once have been painted and gilded. To the left of the portal
is an octagonal minaret, and to the right is the tomb chamber,
which projects out into the street following qibla orientation.
The tomb is surmounted by a remarkable double-shelled dome
on a high drum with an inscription band (part of which survives)
and muqarnas cornice above it. The interior of the building follows
a cruciform plan, with living units for students arranged on two
floors between the iwans, which are fronted by pointed arches
A bent entrance leads to the sahr, which has marble paving and
a fountain pavilion at its center surrounded by eight marble
columns (now surmounted by a modern dome in wood). Marble
slabs decorated with arabesques can be seen on the walls of the
qibla iwan, and the mihrab has further carved marble inserts. The
dome over the qibla iwan (a Comit& concrete construction)
follows a profile similar to the existing dome over the tomb
chamber, which contains an inscribed marble cenotaph. The
complex was extensively rebuilt between 1999 and 2003.
Excavations around the perimeter of the building have revealed
a row of shops under the mosque on the southern side. The
mosque is abutted to the north by an Ottoman-period house,
largely reconstructed by the Conit, which serves as the head
quarters of the SCA's Survey Department.
Plan Meinceke 1992, 1.126, and SCAArchive
Mapshiee
24 and 31

References- Creswell 1919, 107,Kessler 1969, 262, 264; Karnouk 1981, 116
and pl. 1is (tabut), Fernandes 19B7b, 90-91; Seton-Williams and
Stocks 1988, 352, Behrens-Abouseif 1989, 121-22: Meinecke 1992,
11222-23, Asfour 2000, 219

128

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

AH1044

Map sheet

31

/ AD1634

This building should not be confused with another

sabil by the same name built in the eighteenth

century (no. 262) Although the upper story has

been destroyed, this sabil preserves much of its
elaborate decorative stone detailing. To judge from the surviving

structure, it must have once formed part of a larger complex

extending to the west. The foundation inscription (transcribed
by the Comit and published in the 1910 Bulletin) also
describes a house and prayer space attached to the sabil.

Plan: CIP Survey

References. Pauty 1936, 23; Raymond 1979a, 249
Listing and conservation BCCMAA
1892, 75; BCCMAA 1903, 21-22, BCC
MAA 1907, 66-67, BCCMAA1908, 102-3; BCCMAA 1909, 40-41;
BCCMAA 1910, 59-60, 157-158 (historical notice); Herz 1914
(1882-19101, 166, BCCMAA 1916-19, 795; BCCMAA 1933-35, 26, 39

220
ibn Tulun
of
Ahmad
Mosque

Mapslier
16 and 23

AH263-65 / AD876-79
The mosque of lbn Tulun-the oldest and largest
extant mosque within the area of Historic Cairo
follows a model imported from Samarra: a court
yard with arcades around it resting on brick piers,

which issurrounded by azlyada, or additional walled space, on

all sides except that of the qbla. The many gates within this
outer wall originally led to streets outside the perimeter of the
building. The whole mosque is built on a rocky outcrop called
the Gebel Yashkur. The outer wall of the ziyada and the outer
wall of the mosque itself are topped by a plastered-brick
crenellation of a unique interlocking design. The level of the
mosque israised slightly above that of the zlyada, which contains
another remarkable feature on the northern side: a stone
minaret with an external staircase. The western side of the

ziyada contains a sabil built by Sultan Qaytbay (see ti119).

The minaret is certainly of later date; at least part of it was

constructed in AD1297 by Sultan Lagin, who was also responsi

ble for the stone fountain pavilion with a dome in the center of
the courtyard of the mosque. (The exact dating of the minaret

remains a subject of controversy among architectural historians.)

It is possible that the spiral form of the minaret's upper section
was derived from the mosque's original minaret, which may have
followed a Samarran spiral prototype it is the only minaret in
Cairo with a staircase situated on the outside of its shaft. .
On the qibla side of the mosque, half of the original foun
dation inscription ismounted on a pier.Two other piers contain
flat stucco mihrabs: one isa Fatimid example (commissioned by
the vizier al-Afdal] and the other an archaizing Mamluk example
(by Lagin). Another flat stucco mhrab, dating to the thirteenth
century, is located on the qibla wall to the left of the central
mibrab Adikka on marble columns in front of the mihrab is a
later addition by Lagin, who also commissioned the mosque's
fine minbar Much of the mosque's ceiling has been replaced,
but fragments of a wooden inscription band in kufic that ran
across the top of the qibla arcades can still be seen. Sections of
the original stamped and carved stucco patterns adorning the
soffits of the arches of the arcades are also visible. The outer
wall of the mosque is pierced at high level by more than a
hundred windows with stucco grilles, each of which has its
individual geometric design
The major restoration works undertaken in the mosque by the
Comiti during the early part of the twentieth century included
the rebuilding of the fallen outer arcade on the gibla side of the
courtyard, the restoration of the fountain, the unblocking of all
the archIs, the demolition of buildings encroaching onto the
ziyada, the replacement of the roofs, the landscaping of the
courtyardjziyada/surrounds, and the demolition of a Mamluk
minaret in the southeastern corner of the building. Another
(heavily criticized for its use of concrete in the courtyard and
steel reinforcement in the walls) restoration of the mosque by
the SCA commenced in 2000 and isdrawing to a close in 2004.

189, 313, 315; BCCMAA 1936-40.2, 5, 118-19, 140, 144, 146-47,245,

351, 353-60; BCCMAA 1941-45, 64, 90, 208, 218, 243, 250, 279, 300,
1946-53, 41, 47-49, 51, 63, 70, 86, 98, 125-26,
323, 330; BCCMAA
191,196, 216, 280, 327; SCA2002, 249-62, C Williams 2002, 462-63

221
Mosque of Salar and Sangar

An 703 f AD1303
Salar and Sangar were great friends who
amirs
The
Mapsheet built a joint mausoleum during the rule of Sultan
31
SBaybars Sangar subsequently became a powerful
amir of Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad; his friend
Salar, however, was incarcerated by the sultan and died in
prison. Sangar dedicated the larger of the two tomb chambers
to him The building, with its distinctive composition of two
domes and a minaret, isbuilt on a high outcrop of the Qal'at
al-Kabsh, which gives it a great prominence. The minaret rises
from a square base to the right of the portal, its decorative
treatment recalls the minaret of the Qalawun complex in Bayn
al-Qasrayn (no. 43), Stairs lead from street level up to the portal
with a square muqarnas hood that opens onto a groin-vaulted
entrance vestibule with a second flight of stairs leading up to
the level of the mosque itself and the tomb chambers. Avaulted
corridor, which is open on one side with fine pierced stone
screens patterned with arabesques, gives access to the two
main tombs, ending at a third, smaller stone-domed tomb
(attributed by Ibrahim [1976] to the amir Bashtak, and thus
predating the foundation). The two principal tombs have plas
tered-brick ribbed domes with intact inscriptions at their bases.
The tomb of Salar (nearest the staircase) has afine inlaid mar
ble mihrab a wooden inscription band runs across the walls.
The adjacent tomb of Sangar has an undecorated mihrab with
Plan. After Creswell 1940, 351
a ribbed conch and a second wooden inscription band,
References. Creswell 1919, 44-48; Pauty 1932,104 and 102, fig 4: Creswell
The prayer space is unusual in that it is no"t oriented cor
1940, 332-59; Creswell 1959, 223-29, Grohmanro 1965: Rogers 1969,
rectly to qibla, although the tombs themselves are. The single
387-88; lbrainm 1970-71, 31,38-39; Karnouk 1981, 115,116 and pls.
iwan has a later mihrab in its flank' a vaulted room is located
1.3,1,4 (rninbar, Hanna 1984, 18-19, Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988,
directly above the entrance The sahn was originally open, and
352-57, Behriens-Abouseif 1987, 51-54; Behrens-Abouscif 1989,
the students' cells are arranged around its western and southern
51-57; Swelim 1995, Meneckc 1992, 11.83,136: Bierman 1998, 4, 7,
sides, with fine stone window grilles over their doors. Above the
460-62;
432-33,
42-64;
44, 51, 96, 105, 127, 128, Sayyid 1998,
cells runs a stucco inscription band. Another door in the sahn
O'Kane 1999, 156-57: Swehm 2001 Tabbaa 2002, 70
up the hill
Listing and conservaion: BCCMAA 1882-83 (2nd ed) 22, 32, 48; BCCMAA leads to an open space, through which a route runs
muqarnas
a
trilobed
has
which
complex,
the
of
door
back
to
the
1887-88, 55-56, BCCAAA 1890, 37-43 (with plan), 102, 111,116,
portal The open space behind the complex was used as a
1893 (2nd
BCCMAA 1891, 40, 100: BCCMAA 1892, 99-100; BCCMAA
cemetery; it isnow overwhelmed by debris.
1895, 39-40,
ed.), 114-15; BCCMAA 1894, 38, 44-45. 71; BCCMAA
1897,
41-42, 46-47, 95-96: RCCMAA 1896, 50-51, 53-54, BCCMAA
1902, 35, 120;
27, BCCMAA 1898, 121,BCCMAA 1299, 92, BCCMAA
1908,17, 29,
BCCMAA 1904, 31-32: BCCMAA 1907, 120-21; BCCMAA
1910,
35, 51-52; BCCMAA 1909, 22-25, 34, 59, 116.135-36, BCCMAA
25-26, 36-37, Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 10; BCCMAA 1911,65, 96,
BCCMAA 1912, 82, BCCMAA 1913, 31-32, 52, 69, BCCMAA 1915-19,
19, 366, 389, 533, 624-25, 627, 638, 643, 658, 697, 701,727, 744,
773-74, 793, 89, BCCMAA 1920-24, 16, 43, 49, 55, 95-97, 100, 344,
36D: BCCMAA 1925-26, 16-17, 21, 72, 77, 97, 121; Pauty 1931b,
166-66 n. 2, BCCMAA 1930-32, 3. 13-14, 18, 31,36, 41,57-58, 75,
178, 229; BCCMAA 1933-35, 23-24, 35-36, 41, 47-48, 95-96, 108,
111, 146, 155-56, 158-59, 169-70, 172-73, 177-7B, 180-81, 187,

Plan. Creswell 1959. facing 244

Rqeferences-Creswell 1919, 86; Pauty 1929, 146, fig, 12, pis. tv.13 and 14
(muqarnas); Creswell 1959. 242-48, Ibrahim 1976, 9: BehrensAbouseif 1985,73 n. 1 and 81; Seton-W'ililiams and Stocks 1988, 349,
350-52; Behrens-Abouseif 1989, 101-4; Meine ke 1992, 11.95,135,
21D; Blair and Bloom, 1995, 102, Jaubert 1995, 191
1891, 52; BCOVIAA 1892, 48-52 (with

Listing and conservabon* BCCMAA

1895,32; BCCMAA 1909,87-88 BCCMAA 1910, 77-78;

plans), BCCMIA4
1915-19, 405 795; BCCMAA
Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 147; BCCMAA
1927-29, 92, 94, 140; Pauty 1931b, 166 n 1; BCMAA 1933-35, 147,
1941-45, 60, 90,
1936-40, 13; BCCMAA
159, 182, 265, 269, BCCMAA
208-9, 218, 243-44, 250, 279,300,323-24,330, BCCMAA 1946-53,207

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

129

222

Hawd of Qaytbay

AH880/ AD1475
Map sheetThis watering trough was built in association with
Qaytbay's adjacent mosque (see no. 223). Traces of
31
the trough's tripartite back wall are all that remain
of the structure, together with a badly damaged
inscription band,
Plon, CMP Survey References Creswell
1919, 140-41; Meinecke 1992, 11.409
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1906, 58; BCCMAA 1909, 138: BCCMAA
1910, 13, Herz 1914 [18B2-19101, 89; BCCMAA
1915-19, 794

laced with steel tie-beams, particularly visible on the north

side. Traces of the base of a minaret are visible at the top of
the gate.
Plon 1:500 Cadastral Plan
References Creswell 1919, 95; Menecke 1977, 89-97; Seton-Williams and
Stocks 1988, 320, Meinecke 1992, 11:155;
al-Harithy 2000 229-30,
Karim 2002
Listing and conservation BCCM4AA
18B6, 2-3, BCCMAA 1891, 58, Herz 1914
[1882-1910], 107, BCCMAA
1910, 149-55, BCCMAA 1915-19, 782

225
Takiyat al-Sulaymaniya
AH 950! AD1543

223
Mosque of Qaytbay
AH880 / AD1475

This mosque was built by Qaytbay on the Gal'at al

Kabsh just after the completion of his funerary
complex in the eastern cemetery, and it bears all
the hallmarks of the Qaytbay style. The mosque has
two entrances, each with a differently decorated portal. That
to the north has a trilobed hood with a conch carved with a
geometric pattern, and its southern counterpart has a more
common muqarnas-type hood. The two-story minaret stands
near the northern entrance. The sahn within has an inlaid marble
floor and richly decorated shukhshaykha. An inscription runs
above the ablaq arches of the iwans, and a further inscription
adorns the qibla wall, which has a dense array of stucco grilled
windows at high level and another richly decorated ceiling. The
walls of the mosque and mihrab are, by contrast, plain. The
minbar isoriginal.
Map slet
31

Plan- SCAArchive
References: Creswell 1919, 140-41; Behrens-Aboused 1989, 147. SetonWlliams and Stacks 1988,349-50; Mvleinecke 1992, 11.409
Listng and consevattan. BCCMAA 1593, 13-14; BCCMAA 1897, 23, BCCAA 1899, 23, 54-55, 89; BCCMAA 1900, 34-35, 62; BCCMAA 1905,
11-12; BCCMAA 1907, 120; SCCMAA 1909, 138: Herz 1914
[1882-1910, 82; BCCMAA 1913, 69; BCCMAA 1915-19, 403, 794;
BCCMAA 1927-29, 92, 94; BCCMAA 1936-40, 333; BCCMAA
1941-45,
186, 221-22, 234, 279; 2CCMA41946-53,.138, 293

224

Gate of the mosque of Qawsun

AH730 / AD1330

This vast gateway, known locally as 'the Gate of

the Law Court, effectively advertised the presence
of the mosque of Gawsun (no. 202) on the main
thoroughfare, although it is not certain that it
served the mosque. The original doors to the gate, with metal
revetments, are now if the Islamic Museum. The portal has a
muqarnas hood, ablaq facing, and foundation inscription band;
a stone vault lies behind it. Asundial dating from AD1383 an
the southern side of the gate at low level isinscribed in'astro
nomical' kufic. The upper sections of the structure are heavily

Map sheet Hadim Sulayman Pasha, who built this takiya fol
lowing Cttoman prototypes, was governor of
22
Egypt twice: once from from AD1524 to 1534 and
subsequently from 1536 to 1538. His mosque (no
142) is in the northern enclosure of the Citadel. The street
frontage of this building is commerical, consisting of shop
units above which are duplex residential units accessed from
the north. The northern section of the fagade adjacent to the
portal has collapsed, and some rebuilding (in concrete and
brick) has taken place. Remnants of the main inscription,
dated AH950 (AD1543, after the founder had left Cairo) can
be seen on the trilobed portal, which has stone moldings
and decorative geometric panels and retains its original doors.
The vestibule leads via a staircase to the level of the raised
courtyard, which has its original stone paving. The courtyard is
surrounded by arches supported on antique marble columns,
forming a cloister of shallow plastered-brick pendentive
domes with stone finials. The living units for the Sufis surround
this cloister and are also covered by shallow domes Facing
the entrance on axis is asmall prayer hall with a milrab that
has an intact inscription band; a tomb occupies the south
eastern corner. The southern fagade retains its original bronze
window grilles.
Pan Mostafa 1992, 291
References J. Williams 1969, 459 and 469 n 21; Behrens-Abouseif 1989,
158-59; Bates 1991, 151-53, Raymond 1991, 355-56, BehrensAbouseif 1994, 185, 248-50
Listing and consevation. BCCMAA 1894, 46, 91, 101,132; CCMAA 1901,
126-27; BCCMAA 1909, 111,Herz 1914 [182-19101, 151; BCCMAA
1911,16, 49; BCCMAA 1913, 40, 79, 82, 106; BCCMAA
1914, 157, 163,
BCCMAA 1915-19, 321, 885, 783: BCCMAA 1920-24, 355, 360; SCCMAA 1925-26, 15: SCCMAA 1930-32, 55

Mapsheet
22

130

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

226

Sabil-kuttab of 'Umar Bey

AH1159 1AD1746
was formerly known as the sabil of
Map sheet This sabil

Ibrahim Khulussi. It has an original bronze grille to

its single opening on the northern faqade, with
intact shutters behind. The stonework has decora
tive strapwork and geometric panels. Unlike the sabil, the kut
tab is two-sided. A large projecting mashrablya window on
22

cerbels survives over the portal on the northern fagade: a sim

rar projection on the eastern fagade has fallen away, leaving
only a single corbel,
Plan- SCAArchive
References. Pauty 1936, 24, Raymond 1979a, 272 (no B8)
Lstmg and conservation BCCMAA 1887-88, 57, BCCMAA 1898, 114, BCC-

1909, 125; Hera 1914 [1882-1910]. 79:

AAA 1908, 34, 82, BCCMAA
BCCMAA 1915-19, 559, 779; YCCMAA1920-24, 94

228

House of Qaytbay

AT890 / AD1485

Mapsheet

This is a large courtyard house with a fine triplearched maq'ad, the walls of which are painted with

landscape scenes (possibly' later Ottoman addi

21
tions). A subsidiary decorated store portal in the
southwestern corner of the courtyard leads to the remains of a

ga'a at ground level. Stables occupy the eastern side of the

courtyard. The maq'ad, inner portal, and stable block seem to be

parts of the original Mamluk complex: the other surviving
elements are later additions. The now-inaccessible interior is
derelict and scaffolded.
Plan-Revault and Maury 1975, 24
References. Creswell 1919, 146; Pauty 1933b, 83 (no.36), Revault and
Jaubert 1995, 196;
Maury 1975, 21-34, Meinecke 1992, 11.428;
Behrens-Aboused 1998, 37; OKane 2000, 164
Listng and conservation BCCMAA 1894, 110-11 (classification), Herz 1914
[1882-1910]. 87; BCCMAA 1915-19, 782: BCCAAA 1936-40, 279-82,
BCCMAA 1946-53, 181,185-87, 237, 291

229
Tomb of Yusuf Agha al-Habashi
Mapsheet
a s

All 1013 / AD1604

black
This complex was built by an important
eunuch and apparently had watering troughs flank

Katkhuda Mustahfizan.) Part of the confusion about the iden

tity of the founder may stem from changes in ownership and
multiple inscriptions (see Raymond 120001). The sabil has an
unusual form in that its fagades are obliquely aligned to the
Street which curves at this point. The ground level has risen
here to the level of the sabil grilles, which are of bronze and
contain some surviving inserts with the name of Allah. There is
a marble inscription in Turkish over one grille and tiled
lunettes over both. The interior, which contains an original
marble salsabil, was once lined in blue-and-white tiles, many
of which have gone missing. The water distribution room has

a further inscription in Arabic around the ceiling. The waqf of

Yusuf Agha also included a wikala to the northwest of the
sabil (U39)

Plan: SCA
Archive
1936, 24; Raymond 1979a, 257 (nc. 46) and 265 (no. B8):
References PauLy
Raymond 2000
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1887, 99 (listing); BCCMAA 1909, 28;
Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 71, BCCMAA 1915-19, 784; BCCMAA
1946-53, 140

232
Sabil of Mustafa Musali Shurbagi
Ali1127 / AD1715
This typical Ottoman sabil, which has lost its
upper-story kuttab, is part of a small wikala that
was substantially demolished when a new school
was built at the rear of the site. The front wall of

the wikala (bordering the street) survives, and the sabil's

grille is original.

Mapshreet
M h

Plan: SCAArchlve

References. Pauty 1936: 23; Raymond 1979a, 264 (no, 65)

Listing and conservation 3CCMAA 1898, 19 (translation of inscnption),

21-22, 65; BCCMAA 1899, 66; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 130: BCCMIA
1915-19,781

ing the tomb windows. Pauty (1933a) describes a

233

house attached to this tomb, but the structure is

Mosque of the amir Husayn

AH719 / AD1319

hard to distinguish today as a result of the collapse of its major

structural elements, including the first foor above the portal,

the dome, and the entire southern corner.
Plan CMP
Survey
References:Pauty 1933b, 82 (no. 35), Seton-iilliarns and Stocks 1988, 309
1904,45; Herz 1914 [1822-1910], 70, BCC
Listing and consrvation, BCCMAA
1936-40, 71,73
MAA 1015- 19, 784; SCCMA4 1930-32, 52, BCCMAA

230
Sabil-kuttab of Yusuf Agha Dar al-Sa'ada
Al 1088

Mapshee

14

/ AD1677

This monument, situated on the corner of Darb al-

Ahmar to the west of the mosque of al-Mitmandar

(no. 115), is not marked on the 1:5000 Map of

Mohammedan Monuments and is confused in the

This mosque is composed of arched arcades

formed of stone piers. Original stucco work can be
seen above the modern marble mihrab, adjacent
to which is the domed tomb of the founder, an
amirof Sultan Lagin who died in AD1328. The mosque, which
had been severely damaged by water, was restored by the SCA
in 1996.
sheet
M7a

Plan: SCAArchive
References Creswell 1919, 9E, 157; Creswell 1959. 269-70; SetonWilliams and Stocks 1988, 280; Meinecke 1992, 11:125, 388
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1824, 1-2, BCCMAA 1902, 115 (clas
sification), BCCMAA 1910, 110-11, 116-17,155-57 (historical notice):
lerz 1914 (1882-1910], 76, BCCMAA 1915-19, 808; BCCMAA
1946-53, 348 '
1930-32, 71,177, 191,200, 232; BCCMAA

Index of Monuments with another sabil, no. 150. (It has also
been commonly given the name of the other sabil: Muhammad

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE
-*l'

ill

131

234

236

Mausoleum of Abul Yusufayn

AH730 /AD1329

Sabil-kuttab of Taha Hasan al-Wardani

Twelfth century All / Eighteenth century AD

Popularly attributed to 'the father of two Josephs;

the identity of this tomb's patron is unknown. The
tomb's northwestern corner is chamfered to
accommodate a street that originally flanked the
structure on the north side. The tomb, which has a ribbed dome
of plastered brick, is approached through a small zawiya of
unknown date that incorporates the western iwan of the orig
inal Mamluk zawiya attached to the mausoleum. The double
windows of the tomb and the iwan are noteworthy for the
unusual marble colonettes that separate them
Mapsheet
14

Plan: Kessler 1971

References: Creswell 1919, 96; Pauty 1929, 146 (muqarnas), Kessler 1969,
260, 262; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 309, Meinecke 1992,
1 152-53; Seton-Watson 2000, 82-83
Listig and conservotion BCCMAA 1902, 49 (classification); BCCMAA
1904, 43, BCCMAA 1905, 13,ECCMAA 1907, 64, BCCMAA 1908, 16,
51 98; BCCMAA 1910, 13-14, 77, Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 6: BCCMAA
1915-19, 776

235
Houe of Ahmad Katkhuda al-Razzaz
Ninth century and AH1192/ Fifteenth century and AD1778

This sprawling three-story palace-originally two

separate residences divided by an alley-is built
around two courtyards that extend from Shari' Bab
al-Wazir (called al-Tabbana at this point) to the
Suq al-Silah, with entrances on both these arteries. Both hous
es have significant remnants of Mamiuk building: a doorway
bearing the cartouches of Sultan Qaytbay, and dating to ca. AD
1480, stands inthe eastern courtyard, while an enormous qa'a
stands at ground level off the western courtyard. There is a
fine Ottoman ga'a at second-floor level overlooking the Shari'
al-Tabbana, with painted wood ceilings and elaborate mashra
biyas. The only surviving maqad is in the western courtyard, to
the north of the (partially collapsed) groin-vaulted stone
entrance onto the Suq al-Silah, which seems to have become
the principal entrance to the combined residences.
The entire property came into the hands of Ahmad Katkhuda
al-Razzaz in the late eighteenth century, and it was no doubt
modified to suit the needs of its new owners. Perhaps the two
courtyards were linked during this period. The site is currently
undergoing selective conservation by the EAP and the SCA.
Mapsheet
14 and 15

Plan'Revault and Maury 1979, 41 and 55

Referenccsr Pauty 1933b, 84 (no. 39), Revault and Maury 1979, 35-B6;

Walker and Yassin 1980, 57-61, Maury et al. 1983, 120-32, Jaubert
1995, 195-96, 201-2: OKane 2000, 157-58, 163, 164; Seton-Watson
2000, 85-88, Longeaud 2002
Lsting and conservation: BCCMAA 1897, appendix iv; Herz 1914
[1882-1910], 11; BCCMAA 1915-19, 776; BCCMAA 1920-24, 76, BCCMAA 1930-32, 15, 147, 165; BCCIM 1936-40, 57, 77, 79, OCCMAA
1941-45, 367, BCCMA4
1946-53, 135, 165-86

132

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

This typical Ottoman sabil-kuttab is mentioned

under the name 'sabil 'Aqash' in the Description de
IEgypte The kuttab has beer reduced to a shell,
and the sabil isinaccessible because of the collapse
of heavy masonry from above. The wikala to which the sabil
was once attached has today totally disappeared; it appears
originally to have been a Mamluk foundation.
Mapsheet

Plan. CM? Survey. Note, the plan of the interior, which is inaccessible is
approximate
References. Pauty 1936, 23; Raymond 1979a. 285 (no 121): Raymond and
Wiet 1979, 264 (no 30); Denoix et al 1999, 11.60-61
Listng and conservation. 8CCMAA 1890, 59-60 (classification), Herz 1914
[18B2-1910], 155; BCCMAA 1915-19, 791; BCCMAA 1933-35, 332
SCA 2002, 183-86

237
Minaret of the zawiyat al-Hunud
Ca.AH715 / AD1315
This is one of the oldest surviving Bahn Mamluk
minarets in Cairo and isstylistically related to its
Ayyubid predecessors, being constructed of plastered
brick, The dating has been revised by Meinecke
(1992), and it is his date that is given here. The rest of the
zawiya, called 'of the Indians' because it served the Bukharis of
the Qadiriya order, has disappeared. The minaret istoday located
within the precincts of a nursery school; the entrance at first
floor level (which was probably the roof of the missing zawiya)
isinaccessible.

Map sheet
15

Plan SCAArchive
References Creswell 1919, 77; Creswell 1959, 140; Meinceke 1992, ii.117;
Scen-Williams and Stocks 1988. 310; Seton-Watson 2000, 92-94
Listing and conservation BCCMAA
1890, 93, BCCMAA

24, 8CCMAA
1891,
1900, 86, Herz 1914 11882-19101, 76; BCCMAA

1915-19, 778

238
Sabil of Ibrahim Agha Mustahfizan
All 1049-50 /AD1639-40
Mapsheet Ibrahim Agha was a mamluk of Radwan Bey who,
before his exile inAD1662, built or modified a sub
15
stantial number of structures along the Darb alAhmar, including the mosque of Aqsunqur (no.
123) This sabil was listed by the Comit in the 1915-19
Bulletin in conjunction with the tomb of Ibrahim Khalifa
Guindian; the tomb was subsequently separately registered as
no. 586 (see below) The sabil does, in fact, form a unitary
whole with the tomb and an intervening house (see no. 613),
both of which were also built by Ibrahim Agha. The sabil has
decorative stone strapwork, original bronze grilles, and an
intact inscription. There is also an intact salsabil with hood
inside. It has two entrances: one on the northern elevation with
a flat arch and decorative strapwork, and a subsidiary access

from the tomb-entrance corridor leading behind the rab' shop

units. Two massive corbels protrude on the west at high level,
supporting what appears to be part of the adjacent residential
unit rather than the usual kuttab. There isclear physical evi
dence that the complex at one time continued further east.
Plan' CMP Survey
References Pasty 1936. 24 (sabl), Raymond 19792, 250-51 (no. 29):
Raymond 1979b, 121-23
Listing
and conservation BCCMM41908, 82, BCCMAA
1909 125, Herz
1974 17832-1910), 78 (tomb and sbil) BCCMAA 1915-19, 779; 8CC-

MAA 1933-35, 25, 37

240
Sabil and tomb of 'Umar Agha
An 1063 / AD1652
This small tomb has a plain plastered-brick dome.
The sabil has two original bronze grilles and an
inscription on its northern fagade A domestic qa'a
islocated over the sabil
in place of the more usual
kuttab It would seem that the entire structure once occupied
the whole corner block, having been partially remodeled in the
nineteenth century The house complex to the northeast (U59)
sheet
Malap
15

is attributed to the same founder

Plan.

SCAArchive
References' Pauty 1936, 24 (sabii); Raymond 1979a, 252 (no 34)
tsting and conservation BCCMAA
1B94, 97-98 (classification), 118. 132,
143, BCCMAA 1895, 40, Herz 1914 [1882-191D), 137 (sabil only),
BCCMAA 1915-19, 787, ACCMAA 1933-35, 141, 143, BCCI
1936-40, 224, 225, BCCMAA
1941-45, 15, OCCMAA 1946-53, 183

inlaid with marble and mother-of-pearl mosaic, survives on the

qibia side. Opposite this is a large arched iwan opening with a
flat timber ceiling, beneath which are two cenotaphs.
Plan5CA Archive
References. Creswell 1219,104, Seton-Wiiliams and Stocks 1988, 328,
Meinecke 1992, II207
Listing and conservatiorn SCCMAA 1893 (2nd ed.), 66-67 (classification),
BCCMAA 1895, 71, BCCMAA
1896, 162, BCCMAA 1909, 94-95, BCCMAA 1910, 12-13, 59, Herz 1914 (1882-1910, 97; BCCMAA 1912, 23,
49, BCCMAA 1915-19, 782, 8CCMuAA
1941-45, 12, 15

243

Sabil-kuttab of Hasan Agha Koklian

AH1106 / AD1694
This sabil, constructed by a commander of the
Janissaries,is known also as the sabil-kuttab in the
waqf of Balfiya (not to be confused with the sabil and
rab' in the waqf of Balfiya in the same street [see no,
(49B) below]). The fagades have decorative stone strapwork, an
inscription and tiled lutettes over the bronze window grilies at
ground level, and typical arcades at the level
of the kuttab. Marble
water basins and a salsabil with a muqarnas hood survive inter
nally together with a painted wood ceiling. An adjacent wakala,
whose fagade (to the north of the sabil) survives, was probably
included In the isting at some point: a modern apartment block
now occupies most of the interior of the wikala's courtyard
Plon SCAArchive
Map sheet
15

References Pauty 1936, 23-24, Raymond 1979a, 259 [no 51)

Listing
and conservatron-
BCMM 1907, 105 (as sald ol-Beldfial; Herz
7974 [1882-1910, 39, 8CCMAA 1916-19, 777, 823

241
Zawiya of Muhammad Durgham
Tenth century AH/ Sixteenth century AD
monument retains its stone
This completely derelict
of two recessed bays with muqarnas and
fag.ede
square-headed muqarnas portal. There is an empty
inscription band and an interesting store water
spout projecting from roof level.
Map sheet
15

Plan SC Archive

References- None
Lsting and conservation BCCMAA
1896, 41-42, 155; BCCMA 1903. 24;
BCCMAA1902, 35-36, 56; iHe 1914 [1882-1910), 50; BCCMAA
1915-19, 777

242
Madrasa of Qutlubugha al-Ehahabi
AH748 AD1347
eMap
sheet
15

The amir Qutlubugha ('Lucky Bull') al-Dhababi was

true to his name, in that he participated in the
overthrow of Sultan Hasan inAD1361 but lived
on
until 1406 The faiade of this small mosque has an

ablaq portal and several inscriptions. The vestibule, currently in

use as an ablutions area, has a carved wood ceiling with a
painted inscription band running beneath it. A fine mihrab,

244
Hammam of Bashtak
An 742 /An 1341
Bashtak, an amir and the master of the robes of
Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, was the builder of the
eponymous palace in Bayn al-Qasrayn (no. 34) and
a mosque near Shari' Bur Said, whose minaret and
portal survive [no. 205). His bathhouse has an elaborate ablaq
portal, now located about one and a half meters below ground
level, with a ribbed keel arch, inlaid marble strapwork, and a
dated inscription. The hammam of Bashtak may originally have
been a double bath for men and women (only one half sur
vives); the men's half was in use until relatively recently. The
interior, probably remodeled in the Ottoman period, preserves
many typical elements of bathhouse design.
Plan Dow 1996, 121,and SCA
Archive
References: Herz 1904b; Cresweil 1919. 10f Pauty 1933a, 58 (no. 30);
Map sheet
15

Raymond 1969, 133 (nos 12 and 13); Raymond 1970, 354: Mrinecke

1992, 11190; Dow 1996, 120-22; Warner 2002, 57

Listing and conservation, BCCMAA 1902, 116-17 (classification and tmns
lation of inscription), 154-58 [historical notice); BCCMAA1903,
27-28; BCCMA 1910, 49-80, 76-77, Herz 1914 11882-1910), 35;
BCCMAA
1911,108, 8CCMAA 1912, 25, 50, 113; UCCMAA
1915-19,
777; BCCMAA 1933-35, 75 103, 106, BCCMAA1936-40, 103

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

133

245

Ribat of Ahmad ibn Sulayman

AM690 / AD1291
Ahmad ibn Sulayman was a descendant of the lfali
family from Iraq and was a shaykh of the brother
hood in Egypt. This is one of the few foundations in
Cairo with the designation of ribat, or hospice for
the poor [see also nos. 61 and [141]). The base of the building
appears to be two meters below present ground level, and the
site is fenced off.There is an outer (modern) stone wall, with a
roofless chamber beyond, adjacent to a plastered-brick dome
over the founder's tomb. The main faQade and the southwestern
wall are Comit restorations. The building is remarkable for its
three mihrabs: two in the prayer hall and one in the tomb
chamber. All have stuccoed surrounds with inscriptions; that in
the tomb chamber has a unique form of decoration with inlaid
pieces of glass.
Plan Creswell 1959, 220
Map sheet
15

References: Creswell 1919, 84: Cresweli 1959, 219-22: Menecke 1992,

11:72;
Carboni 2003
Usting and corservation: BCCMAA 1910, 69-70 (classification), 147-49
(historical notice), Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 9; BCCMAA 1910, 147-49,
BCCMAA 1911, 9: 1CCA4 1912, 66, BCCMAA 1915-19, 776; BCCMAA 1933-35, 140, 142, 157, 171,179; BCCMAA 1946-53, 81, 286

246

Sabil of Mustafa Sinan

AlH1040 / AD1630
This sabil was once attached to a wikala, fragments
of which survive (see U74). It has two original
bronze grilles, a tiled lunette and roundels with tile
inlays, and an elaborate riarble inscription. The
kuttab has been destroyed. Adjacent to'tIe sabil is an unlisted
stone arch that once formed the entrance to a hara.
Plan. SCAArchive
Map sheet
15

References: Pauty 1936, 23, 24; J. Wiiliams 1969, 457: Raymond 1979a,
248 (no 20)
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA
1903, 54; Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 131:
BCCMAA 1915-19, 783

247

Gate of Mangak al-Yusufi

AH 747 / AD1346
This was the entrance to the palace of Mangak al
Yusufi, whose mosque (no. 138) is in the Bab alWazir cemetery. It seems appropriate that he, as
armorer (silohdar), should have built his palace
here.at-the entrance to the street of the sword market- The
gate has a shallow stone dome, faint traces of the inscription
band within are still visible. Three stone arches survive to the
south of the gate, but all other remains of the palace have
now disappeared
Map sheet
15

Plan. SCAArchive
References. Creswell 1919, 104; Meinecke 1992, 11:209, 387

134

DESCRIPTIVE.

CATALOGUE

Listing and conservation: SCCMAA 1892, 45-46 (with plan), BCCMAA

1894, 49 (translation of inscription); BCCMAA 1903, 62, Hera1914
(1882-1910], 113; BCCAIAA
1911,65; BCCMAA 1912, 84, 89; BCCMAA
1913, 71, BCCMAA 1915-19, 800, 830, BCCMAA 1925-26, 65, 69, 82;
BCCMAA 1927-29, 92. 94, 115, BCCMAA 1930-32, 16; BCCMAA
1946-53, 139

248
Mosque of Khayrbak

Au908 and after I AD1502 and after

Khayrbak was a mamluk of Qaytbay who later
famously betrayed Sultan al-Ghuri to the
Ottomans at Aleppo arid became the first Ottoman
governor of Egypt under Selim Yavuz. This building
was erected in two phases on two different orientations, the
first construction, dating to AD1502, was the tomb, the
mosque and sabil-kuttab were built later: it is the tomb that
is on the correct orientation to the qibla. The tomb chamber
has a magnificent carved masonry dome with arabesque dec
oration and an inscription band around its base. The minaret
is stuccoed brick its lost finial was replaced in 2001 by the
Aga Khan Trust for Culture, whose restoration of the whole
complex was scheduled for completion in 2004. A trilobed
portal (with marble inlay) and doors (retaining some of their
original metal revetments) give access to the interior of the
lot through a bent entrance (with stone cross-vaults), located
between the mosque and the sabIl-kuttab, which projects into
the street. The sabil-kuttab, also with a stone vaulted ceiling,
was added to the complex by Ganem al-Hamzawi, a mamluk
of Khayrbak, in the 1520s. A secondary portal, curiously posi
tioned beyond the bent entrance at the head of a flight of
steps, leads to the interior of the mosque, which is raised
above what were originally living-units for Sufis, The space is
dramatically vaulted with three cross-vaults on pointed arches
with oculi let into their crowns and is lined with a marble
dado, The tomb chamber is, unusually, also entered from a
large portal at the end of the prayer hall (which clearly points
to an earlier period of construction than the mosque); it is
noteworthy for the effort the architect has made to reconcile
the conflicting demands of tripartite elevations on both the
inside and outside of the building. A staircase leads from the
left of the mihrab to a bridge connecting the tomb to the
Palace of Alnaq (no. 249). The endowment deed for the mosque
is dated 1521, which provides a terminus for its construction.
Map sheet
15

Plan Meinecke 1992, 1.171

References Creswell 1919, 151-52; Kessler 1969, 265, 266: J Williams
1969, 455; Behtens-Abouseif 1987, 158 Seton-Wiliams and Stocks
1988, 312; Behrens-Abouseif 1989, 155-57, Meinecke 1992, 11450;
Behrens-Abouseif 1994, 1B2-84, 232-35; Asfour 2000, 249-50;
Seton-Watson 2000, 111-14
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1884, 10: BCCMAA
1886, 11;BCCMAA
19D4, BO;Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 99; BCCMAA 1911,24, 63, 69, BCCMAA 1913, 31, BCCMAA 1914, 2, 11, 108, 164. SCCMAA 1915-19,
164-65, 355, 412, 5B5, 779; BCCMAA 193-35, 313-14; 8CCMAA
1936-40, 198-200, 325, 328

249
Palace of Alnaq al-Nasiri
ca. An 730 / AD1329-30
This palace is wrongly dated and attributed in the
Map
Index of Monuments to Alin Aq, the cup-bearer to
Sultan Ashraf Khalil ibn Qalawun (AH693 / AD
1294). In fact the founder seems to have been
Alnaq, the viceroy of Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad. The palace
was extensively remodeled by Khayrbak at the time of the
building of his adjacent mosque and tomb (no. 248) in the
early sixteenth century. The massive stone structure of the
palace is today roofless and ruinous, although its outline
remains clear. There is a square-headed portal on the western
side with overhanging horizontal muqarnas decoration, stables
on the ground floor, and avast qa'a on the first floor with two
enormous arched iwans (similar in style to those of the Bashtak
Palace [no. 34]). Between the palace itself and the mosque of
Khayrbak lie the partially ruined remains of a separate zawlya
with its original entrance between the palace and the mosque
(see U57). To the south, the palace is flanked by the hawd of
Ibrahim Agha Mustahflzan (no. 593). The Budletin of 1915-19
mistakenly lists no. 249 as the hawd of 'Abd al-Rahman
Katkhuda, which is either a mislocation of no. 260 or a misat
tribution of the hawd of Ibrahim Agha.

psheet

Pion. Revault and Maury 1977, 67

References;Creswell 1919, 151; [1zme 1971, 16; L6ine 1972b, 80-83, 13D;

Revault and Maury 1977, 61-76; Seton-Williarns and Stocks 1988,

314, Meinecke 1992, 11.173:Seton-Watson 2000, 115-19, O'Kane
2000,15G-57,161
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1915-19, 775; BCCMAA 1933-35,
314-15

250
Mosque of Aytmish al-Bagasi
Ali 785 1 AD1383
Aytish was an amir of Sultan Barquq who subse
Mashe
quently became the regent for Barquq's son Farag.
8
When Farag came to rule in his own right, Aytmish
fled Cairo and was killed in Damascus in AD1400.
His (empty) tomb chamber in this mosque has a distinctive spi
ral-ribbed brick-and-plaster dome with an inscription at its
base. The main fagade has a high-level inscription band; two
further inscription bands at low and high level adorn the main
portal. This is flanked to the northwest by a sabil, on the cor
ner of the block leading to the Bab al-Wazir. Thesabil has a fine
inscription and cup blazon on its wooden lintel, but the grille
below is not original and the ground level has now risen beyond
the bottom of the window into the sabil. There also seems at
one time to have been a projecting balcony running along the
northwestern corner of the building. The Comit6 restored the
stonework on the northern fagade and introduced steel ties
into the main fagade to counteract its outward inclination. The
interior of the mosque is plain, with a newly tiled mihrab, a
damaged painted wood ceiling over the main awan, and a roof
with lantern over the sahn. Aytmish's foundation originally

included a funduq/rab' adjacent to his mosque, part of which

may survive inthe structure to the right of the main fagade,
which comprises shop unitsat ground-floor level and aqa'a on
the first floor. Also includd in the foundation was a hawd and
another rab outside the Bab al-Wazir (see no 251 below).
Plan. Kessler 1971 and CMP Survey

References Creswell 1919, 116; Mostafa 19B2, 94-96; Fernandes 1987b,

91-93; Seton-Williams and Stocks, 1988, 314; Meinecke 1992, II

267-68; O'Kane 2000, 160; Seton-Watson 2000, 124-26
Lsting and conservation- BCCMAA 1887-88, 19-20, BCCMAA 1895, Bl;
1901,
BCCMAA 1898, 99-100; BCCM 1899, 124, 126-27; BCCMAA
1907, 51. Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 13, BCCMAA 1915-19,
23: BCCMAA
115-17, 355, 369, 372. 493, 584-85, 799

251
Hawd-kuttab of Aytmish al-Bagasi
AH785 / AD1383
This listing is the subject of some confusion. A
hawd-kuttab stands on the site opposite the complex
of Tarabay (see no, 255), to which it isjoined by the
Bab al-Wazir. The hawd appears to comprise two
parts: an enclosed room with a plastered-brick water tank
faced in stone; and an external re-entrant wall to the south
east with a lengthy inscription above what must once have
been the site of a watering trough. This latter, external part of
the hawd would appear to be Aytmish's original foundation
while the room containing the water tank (roofed with a stone
groin vault) may be a later construction, perhaps contemporary
with the Bab al-Wazir itself. The kuttab above is separately
accessed from a staircase to the nght of the enclosed tank-room,
and has typical double-arched openings on each of its main
elevations. The Bufletin of 1915-19 describes this listing as
"porte, abreuvoir et kouttAb" of Tarabay, which indicates that
the hawd-kuttab and gate were seen as contemporary with the
complex of Tarabay (no. 255) to the north.
Map sh

Plan:CMP Survey
References Seten-Watson 2000, 124
Listing and conservatron. BCCMAA 1886,5 (inscription); BCCMAA 1903 54
(kuttab); BCCAM 1909, 88 (kuttab), Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 156,
BCCMAA 1915-19, 804

255
Door, tomb, and sabil-kuttab
of Tarabay al-Sharifi..AH909 / AD1503

This is a fine example of very late Mamluk funerary

Mapshee architecture, built by an amir who was chief of the
corps of mamluks at the time. Between the mau
soleum of Azdumur to the north (no. .113), and the
tomb chamber of Tarabay isa vaulted corridor.The tomb chamber
(restored by the Comit4 in 1905), which has a carved masonry
dome, isentered from an inscribed portal to the south that faces
onto a small courtyard. Aseparate stone vaulted room-adjacent
to this entrance leads to the sabil, which isalso vaulted in stone.
The sabil room has a fine nlaidblack-and-white marble floor in

BESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

135

a zigzag pattern, a marble well head, and a deep muqarnas

headed stone niche, which may constitute a salsabil emplacement.
To the west of the sabil is a derelict entrance (the door men
tioned in the listing] to what may have been a khanqah attached
to the complex. The kuttab has not survived. The fact that the
western fagade of the tomb has a minute street-versus-qibla
adjustment indicates that a street ran on this side of the complex
past the mausoleum of Azdumur, and that this area outside the
Ayyubid walls was far more urbanized than it is now. Random
excavations to the west of the complex in2000 revealed that the
masonry walls of the tomb extend to a depth of some three
meters below current ground level,
Plan: Kessler 1971
References Pauty 1929, 150 (muqarnas); Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988,
314-15; Creswell 1919, 153; Meinecke 1992, 11:453
Listing and conservation BCCA4AA
1884, 10-11: BCCMAA 1895, 81-82;
BCCMAA 1897, 25-26, BCCMAA 1904, 7. SCCMAA 1907, 51; Her,
1914 (1882-1910], 156, BCCA4A
1915-19. 696, 783. BCMAA
1936-40, 103,105

256
Qubbat al-Komi
Mapsheet
15

Tenth century An / Fifteenth century AD

The building lies buried in a mound of earth and
rubbish that is used as a passage between two
streets, The tomb chamber is stone, surmounted
with a plain plastered-brick dome.

1896, 17-19, 38-39, 163-64; BCCMAA 1M98, 36; Herz 1914

[182-1910], 12B; BCCMAA 1911,15,49, 60, 65, 104, BCCMAA 1912,
85: BCCMAA 1913, 13, 71, 72; BCCMA41914, 77, 101,BCCMAA
1915-19, 124-27, 30, 319, 362, 399, 801; BCCMAA 1920-24, 71,75,
157, 175, 258; BCCMAA 1925-26, 17, 21,118. 122, BCCMAA
1936-40,
224, 225, 226, 260; BCCMAA 1941-45, 290; BCCMIAA
1946-53, 12,
14, 33, 46, 63, 185, 186, 197

258
Zawiya of Hasan al-Rumi
AH929 / AD1622
This small Sufi Zawiya, now buried some two meters
below ground level, has a fine pointed arch portal
with cushioned voussoirs and the remains of an elab
orate inscription over its door. Another inscription
survives over the window to the left of the entrance. The left
hand corner of the fagade is chamfered, while that on the right
has a carved stone column embellishing it. There seems to have
been a sabil emplacement originally on this side of the building,
but most ancillary structures have now been demolished.

Mapshet

Plan: SCAArchive
References: Behrens-Abouself 1990, 49-55, Behrens-Abousef and
Fernandes 1984, 111-12, Fernandes 1985
Listingandconservofon:BCMAA 1889,73; Herz 1914 [1882-191D], 74, BCCMA 1912, 105; BCCMAA 1915-19, 799; BCCMAA
1946-53, 75-76, 290

Plon. CMP Survey

260

References. None

Sabil and hawd of 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda

Listing and conservatfon BCCMAA 1905, 48 (classification), BCCMAA

1915-19, 800

257
Bimaristan of al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh

AH821-23 / AD1418-20

This hospital was the next to be built in Cairo after

Qalawun's on the Bayn al-(asrayn (no. 43). The site

was previously occupied by the madrasa of Sultan
al-Ashraf Sha'ban, founded nAD 1375, which was
demolished by Sultan Farag ibn Barquqi in 1411. The bimaristan
is distinguished by a massive crenelated favade with a raised
portal, heavy stone strapwork in the form of a chain, and inlaid
kumfic inscriptions. The portal itself has a deep muqarnas hood,
below which isawindow divided by a pair of colonnettes with
a snake (the ubiquitous symbol of healing) carved around them.
This vast building is today a shell, and has lost many sections
of its outlying structure The area in front of the fagade is a
wasteland, recently leveled for the second time its history by
the SCA; it was previously the site of the Ottoman-period alSukkari mosque (no. 137), which was demolished to permit a
full appreciation.of the bimaristan's facade.
Map sheet
8and 9

Plan:Mostafa 1992, 247

References: Creswell 1919, 122; Hampikian 1981; Seton-Williams and
Stocks 1988, 316; Menecke 1992,11.324; Seton-Vatson 2000, 128-42
Lisringand conservation. BCCMIAA
1894, 121-22 (classification); BCCMAA

136

DESCRIPII VE CATALOGUE

Before AH1164 / AD1750

Map sieet The sabil component of this listing appears to have

B
disappeared, while the hawd istoday occupied by
workshops and living units. The bipartite fagade has
two large arches supported by a central granite
column. Two flanking openings have been blocked up. The two
brick domes in the interior, supported on stone arches, have
collapsed, and the roof is a temporary wooden structure. The
two rear arches and granite column to the rear of the building,
mirroring the fagade, are intact.
Plan. Sameh 1946, 105
References' Sarme1946, 104-5; Raymond 1972, 242 (no. 10), Raymond
1979a, 277 (no 99)
Listing and conservaidon: BCCMIAA
1896, 96, 152, 174; OCCMA4 1900, 26;
Herz 1914 [1882-1910), 3; BCCMAA 1915-19, 796

261
Qubbat al-Muzaffar 'Alam al-Din Sangar
AH722 / AD1322
The ribbed stone dome of this tiny mausoleum is
one of the earliest in Cairo; the structure was orig
inally attached to a now-vanished mosque. The
dome has an inscription band around its base, and
there is another inscription inside the building. A new apart
ment block looms over the mausoleum, and this has actually
sliced into the earlier structum. Afurther threat isposed by the
Map sheet

23

surface ground water and the fact that the tomb isnow some

two meters underground.

Plan. Kessler, 1971

References- Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 331; Meinecke 1992,

11-133-34
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1909, 48; BCCMAA 1910, 26, 116, lerz
1914 (1882-19101, 132, BCCMAA 1915-19, 92-94, 801; BCCMAA
1946-63, 286

262
Sabil in the waqf of Yusuf Bey
Ali 1186/ AD1772

This building should not be confused with another

sabil of the same name (no. 219). Any kuttab that
may have been attached to this sabl has now dis
appeared, and the surviving Inscription band is
empty. The portal has a square muqarnas hood, and simple
strapwork frames the faqade. The bronze grilles and wooden
shutters inthe sabil's window openings are intact.
Map sheet
23

Plan SCAArchive
References Raymond 1979a, 283 [no. 115)
Listrn and conservation BCCMAA 1892, 75 (classification); Herz 1914
1914, 129; 2CCMAA
1913, 87, BCCMAA
[18B2-1910], 166, BCCMAA
1933-35.26, 39
1915-19, 804: BCCMAA 1925-26, 17, 51, 69; BCCMAA

263
Tomb of Hasan Sadaqa
Map

psheet

23

AH 715-21 1AD1316-21
Properly known as the tomb of the amir Sunqur alSadi (a mamluk of al-Nasir Muhammad), this com
plex was originally constructed as a madrasa for

women, with an attached tomb. Shaykh Hasan

Sadaqa was acontemporary of the amir Sunqur, with whom he
shares the tomb. The minaret and transition zone of the dome
have very fine stucco decoration. The portal istrilobed, with an
ablaq conch supported by muqarnas squinches. Below this isa
small window flanked by a curious arrangement of miniature
columns. The mihrab internally isnotable for its enormous size.
The madrasa was subsequently built over by the Mevlevi taklya,
which created their samakhana here in 1857 (U105). The ongo
ing work of the Italian-Egyptian team on the entire complex
has exposed and displayed an interesting 'fountain court' sur
rounded by living units directly beneath the samakhana-part
of the original madrasa. Asmall detail of interest isthe hilal on
top of the minaret that takes the form of a Mevievi Sufi hat
no doubt their substitution for the more conventional crescent.
Plan. Courtesy Guiseppe Fanfoni
References. Creswell 1919, 92-93, Paruty1929, 146 (muqarnas); Creswell
1959, 2B7-69; Behrens-Abouseif 1987, 78: Seton-Williams and Stocks
1988, 331-33; Meinecke 1992, 11:118-19, 130, 134. Seealso listings

265
Sabil-kuttab and rab' of al-Qizlar
AH1028 1 AD1618
This is an interesting example of an Ottoman
Mapshee
sabil-kuttab that iscombined with living units and
shops, built by a black eunuch of the Ottoman
court called Mustafa Agha. The composition of the
fagade has the sabil-kuttab occupying its center. To the left are
two shop units and the staircase that leads to the apartments:
to the right are a further three shops and the arched and vault
ed entrance passage that must once have led to a large court
yard behind the building (now vanished). The sabil has a bronze
grille and a painted wood ceiling. The building was most
recently restored by the SCA in 2003-04.
Plan Depaule et al. 1985, 46
References, Pauty 1936, 23 Raymond 1979a, 246 (no.16), Depaule et al
1985
18B7-8, 20. BCCMAA 1890, 86, SCCListing and conservation: BCCA4AA
MAA 1892, 109-10; BCCMAA 1894, 9D,BCCMA 1901,107,SCCMAA
1902, 116,152-54 (historical notice); Herz 1914 [1882-1910, 98;
BCCMAA 1915-19, 802; CCMAA 1946-53, 183

266
Palace of Yashbak
AH731-38 / AD1330-37

This vast palace was originally built by the amir

Qawsun, the son-in-law and cup-bearer of Sultan
al-Nasir Muhammad. Yashbak min Mahdi was an
important amir of Qaytbay's; it was he who subse
quently restored the building 150 years later. The most striking
feature of the palace, apart from its enormous scale, isthe
entrance portal (with a deep muqarras hood and inlaid marble
decoration), which is located at the extreme eastern end of the
building. Many parts of the internal stucture have collapsed,
and most of what must have been a courtyard on the south side
is now occupied by school buildings. The remains of a later
extension to the palace executed by the amir Aqbardi can still
be seen (they are shown hatched on map sheet 23), although
the interior iscurrently inaccessible.

sheet
Masp
16 and 23

. Plan: Revault and Maury 1977, 34, 37

References! Creswell 1919, 98-100; Pauty 1933b. 42-43; [zine 1972b,

95-98, 130; Revault and Maury 1977, 31-48; Seton-Williams and
Blair and Bloom
1995, 94:
Stocks 1988, 333; Meinecke 1992. 11,179;
Karim 2002, 30. O'Kane 2000, 157, 161

1894, 105-6, BCCMAA 1900, 47-48,

Listing and conservation. BCCMAA
BCCMAA 1902, 16, 22, Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 164; BCCMAA
1915-19, 804, 840, BCCMAA 1920-24, 230, Pauty 1931b, 161n. 2.
BCCMAA 1933-35, 59, 61,82, 88, 237, 239, 374

for U105
Listing and conservation* BCCMAA 1892, 75-76 (classification); BCCMAA
1915-19, Be, 106, 543,
1910, 90, Herm1914 11882-19101, 74; BCCMAA
553, 695, 764, 803; BCCMAA 1925-26, 17, 69, BCCMAA 1930-32,
270, BCCMAA 1933-35, 103,105; Fanfoni and Burn 1980

DESCRIPTIVE

'eKTAL

G0UE

137

267

269

Palace of the amir Taz

Madrasa of Bashir Agha al-Gumrdar

AH753 1 AD1352
al-Din Taz al-Nasiri (d AD1362) was
Sayf
amir
The
Mapsheet
one of the many sons-in-law of Sultan al-Nasir
23
Muhammad and a powerful amir of Sultan Hasan.
He also endowed a madrasa (still extant) in
Jerusalem. The site of his palace in Cairo currently comprises
two large open spaces, extending the width of an entire block
from east to west. The enormous maq'ad on the southern end
of the site dates from the seventeenth century, as do various
other elements around its perimeter. The palace was converted
into a girls' school under Khedive Isma'il; it currently serves as
storerooms for the Ministry of Education. Of the Mamluk parts
of the palace, only the entrance portal and the ruins of an
enormous qa'a adjacent to the maq'ad at first-floor level survive.
The portal is trilobed, with a muqarnas hood and squinches, and
leads to a cross-vaulted hall. The ga'a still preserves a part of
its painted wood inscription band on its eastern wall, which has
been exposed by the collapse of the remainder of the room. It
is recorded that the construction of the palace for Taz was
overseen by a friend: Mangak al-Yusufi. A restoration of the
complex was commenced by the SCA in 2002 and was still
ongoing in 2004.
Plant Revault and Maury 1977, 54
References Creswell 1919, 105-B; Pauty 1933b, 43. Izine 1972b, 105-8,
130, Revault and Maury 1977, 49-60; Burgoyne 1987, 399-400 (for
biography); Seton-Williaes and Stocks 1988, 334, Meinecke 1992,
11,218
LWshng
and conservation BCCMAA
1882-83 (2nd ed), 5B-58, BCCMAA
1891, 23-24. UCCMA
1892, 16, BCCMAA 1891, 15, 38-39, 82, 93,
101,112,132-33, BCCMAA 1900, 57-58; BCC&dAA
1904, 23; BCCMAA
1907, 49-50, Hera 1914 [1882-1910), 157; BCCMAA 1914, 60, SCCMAA1915-19, 514, 804; BCCMAA 1927-29, 187; BCCMAA 1936-40,
8257; BCCMAA 1946-53, 290

AH761

AD1359

Map sheet This seems avery small building to be worthy of the

description of 'madrasa. The fagade is tripartite and
23
crerelated The muqarnas portal has a porphyry
lintel. Immediately inside the entrance is an
ornately painted wood dikka supported by two marble columns.
The mihrab has simple strapwork around it, and there is aplain
wood ceiling over the prayer space.
Plan: SCAArchive
References Creswell 1919, 110;Meinecke 1992, 11:230
Lsting and conservaton, 8CCMAA 1887-88, 29-30, BCCMAA 199, 56,
ICCMAA 1909, 48, BCCMAA
1910, 125; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 35;
BCCMAA 1915-19, 106-7, 797; BCCMA4 1920-24, 96, 257

270
Tomb of Safi al-Din Gawhar
AH714 f AD1315

Gawhar al-Nasiri was the chief eunuch of Sultan

al-Nasir Muhammad. His small tomb, also com
monly referred to as the tomb of al-Modani, is part
of an unusual rectangular structure that also
includes an entrance porch and a small praying room. The level
af the ground has risen by approximately two and a half meters
around the tomb, which isoften flooded. The tomb has crenel
lations and an inscription on its fagade, and is covered by a
plastered dome with unusual glass inserts.
Map sheet
24

P/an Creswell 1959, 266

References-Creswell 1919, 92; Pauty 1929, 146 (muqarnas]; Creswel 1959,
266-67; Abd al-Wahab 1995, 95-96; Seton-Williars and Stocks
1988, 335, Meinecke 1992, 11'117,
O1ane 2000, 167
Listing and conservtion. BCCMAA1887-88, 37-38, BCCMAA1889, 64;
BCCMAA 1894, 52, 55, 123-24, 131-32: BCCMAA 1895, 73-74, 85;
Herz 1914 [1882-1910, 67; BCCMAA
1915-19, 798

268
272

Sabil-kuttab of 'Ali Agha Dar al-Sa'ada

AH1088 / AD1677
The founder of this complex was chief black eunuch
at the Ottoman court. The sabil has many surviving
original features, including a bronze grille, wooden
shutters, decorative stonework, a painted wood
ceiling, and a salsabil. Entrance is gained through a simple
trilobed portal.
Plan. SCA
Archive

Sabil, zawiya, and wikala

of Mustafa Bey Tabtabay
AH1047 / AD1637

Map sheet
23

References- Pauty 1936, 23; Raymond 1979a, 257 (no 45)

Listing and conservatron BCCMAA 1891, 24; BCCMAA
1910, 10, 35; Herz
1914 [1882-1910], 17; BCCMAA 1915-19, 796, 819, BCCMAA
1925-26, 17, 51, 70

Little survives of this once large complex The sabi1

is the most obvious remnant, with a single bronze
grille on, its north fagade, together with a tiled
lunette and decorative strapwork. There is no kuttab
The shops on the street fagade of the wikala are all in use, and
the corbels remain in position for the now-absent upper story.
There is no discernible courtyard of the wikala, which isoccupied
by squatters, and there is no sign of the zawlya that is part of
this listing.
Mapshaeet
24

Plan CMP Survey

References' Pauty 1936, 34, Raymond 1979a, 250 (no 28), Raymond and
Wiet 1979, 294 (no, 331)
Listing and conservation-UCCMAA 1888, 58; Her, 19141 B82-1910], 131;
BCCMAA 1915-19, 515, 801; BCCMAA
1930-32. 271

138

DESCRIPTIVE

C AT AL 0C HlF
CATAIVGE

(277)
Tomb of 'Ali al-Gizi
Twelfth century (?)AHf Eighteenth century (?)AD
This small tomb and mosque are located close to
mapsheet the mosque of Sayyida 'Ayesha (no. 37B). The build
ing has been completely modernized with new
stone facings and structural modifications. It was
deregistered sometime after 1924.
Plan None
References: None
Listing and conseivation. BCCMAA 1892, 53; Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 18:
1915-19, 796, BCCMAA 1920-24, 373
BCCMAA

278
Bab Qaytbay (al-Qarafa)
AU899 / AD1494
Originally thought to be a rebuilding by Sultan
aytbay of the Ayyubid Bab al-Carafa, this gate
has been proved to be a separate construction (the
Ayyubid gate lies some thirty meters to the south,
off the limits of this map), The cartouches of Gaytbay are still
visible in the spandrels of the archway of the gate. Slightly to
the southeast are the remains of the sixteenth-century tomb of
Timurbay al-Husayni (monument no. 161). Rabbat (1995) states
that the gateway was demolished in the 1970s during the con
struction of the Salah Salim Highway, and then rebuilt in 1987

Maopsheet

I
Plan: CAArchrve
References:Creswell 1919,146; Creswell 1959, 57-58, Meinecke 1992,11437
Listing and conservation. BCCMM 1896, 154, Herz 1914 [1882-1910, 94;
BCCMAA 1915-19, 802; BCCIAA 1941-45, 186, 221-22, 245, 259,
26B, 291, 321, 338, 340; Rabat 1995, 194

References- Creswell 1919, 128-29; Behrens-AbouiSeif 19B7, 101,SetonWilliams and Stocks 1988, 376-77; Meinecke 1992, 11:213
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1895, 57, BCCMAA 1896, 11;BCCMAA
1915-19, 800
1902, 52, Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 119: BCCMsAA

289
Mausoleum of al-Sultaniya
Map

Eighth century AU/ Fourteenth century AD

It has been suggested that this complex, whose
sheet

founder is unnamed, was built by the mother of Sultan

Hasan, but the attribution does not accord with the
date of construction derived from stylistic analysis. The
twin stone domes of the complex stand on either side of a vaulted
iwan. These domes are remarkable in their design, being raised on
high drums, with a return on the curve of their profile. The surface
of the domes (one of which was entirely reconstructed by the
Comit6 from the top of the drum up) are treated with a rib-and
filLet pattern. Inscription bands in geometric kufic run around the
bases of the domes, and the eastern dome has foliate carving on its
drum below the level of the inscription. The domes are analogous
in design to those of the mosque of Sarghatmish (no, 218), and
Yunus al-Dawadar (no 139). The layout of the complex was
probably similar to that of the nearby mausoleum complex of
Qawsun (no. 291),a minaret (no 28B) was originally attached to it.
Plan Kessler 1971

References. Creswell 1919, 128-29: Pauty 1929, 148 and

pl.Vin27 (muqar
nas), Behrens-Abouseif 1987, 101; Seton-Wlilliams and Stocks 1988,
376-77; Meinecke 1992, 1-213
Listing andconservactonBCCMAA 1894, 77, 83; BCCMAA 1895, 57; BCCMAA
1902, 52, Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 153, BCCMAA
1896, 11, BCCMAA
1936-40, 56, 105, 107
1933-35, 253, BCCMAA
1915-19, 800, BCCMAA

290
(287)

Remains of the rab' of Tughugh

Eighth century AH/ Fourteenth century AD

Ma
shee
22 and 23t

This now-demolished Mamluk rab' is shown in

photographs in the Bulletin (1911, pl. vii) as

a
vast multistory dwelling occupying nos, 130-46,
Shari' al-Siyufiya.

Plan SCAArchive

References: None

and conservation:Herz 1914 [18B2-19101, xiv (with no prior refer

ences); BCCMAA 1911,110-11, 132-34 (historical notice)

esting

288

Khanqah and minaret of Qawsun

All 735 / AD1335-36
The minaret seems to have been a part of the large
hanqa complex built by the amir Qawsun that also
included his mausoleum, which is listed separately (no.
291) The minaret has a square base and bears an
inscription with the name of Dawsun on the doorway opening onto
the first gallery The khanqah has today substantially disappeared.

Mp she
nd1

Plan. Meinecke 1992, 165

References Creswell 1919, 97-98; Ibrahim 1974; Behrens-Abouself 1987,

84-85; Meinecke 1992, 11-170; Karim 2002.30

Lastrng and conservotion: BCCMAA 1895, 57: BCCMAA 1896, 11,BCCMAA
1902. 52, Herr 1914 [1882-1910], 7

North minaret of al-Sultaniya

Map sheet

291

Eighth century All I Fourteenth century AD

This three-tiered minaret, now freestanding, was
once attached to the complex of the same name
located slightly to the east (see no. 289). It is not
known whether it had a symmetrical companion

minaret to the south.

Plan. Kessler, 1971

Mausoleum of Qawsun
AH736 / AD1335-36
Mapsheet

The amir Qawsun, a mamluk of Sultan al-Nasir

Muhammad, married one of the sultan's daughters
and rose to great power after his death. Remains of
a mosque, palace, and wilkala constructed by

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

139

Oawsun

can be seen on other map sheets (respectively, nos.

202 and 224 [map sheet22], no. 11[map sheet 181, and no.266
[map sheets 16/23]). This stone ribbed dome, with an inscrip
tion band, stands today in isolation-an appearance that is
altogether misleading since it is the sole survivor of a pair of
domes that originally flanked the prayer hall attached to
Qawsun's khanqah on this site (the khanqah may have borne an
architectural resemblance to the khanqah of Farag ibn Barquq
in the northern cemetery [monument no 149]). Aminaret that
was part of the complex survives (see no 290).
Plon; Meinecke 1992, :55
References: Creswell 1919, 97-98; Party 1929, 146 (muqarnal, Ibrahim

1974, 37-57, Behrens-Abouscif 1907, B4-85, Seton-Williams and

Stocks 1988, 377, Meinecke 1992, 11.170;
Karim 2002,30
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA
1895, 57, BCCMAA
1896, 11,BCCMAA
1902, 52; Herz 1914 [1882-19101,7, 8COMAA 1915-19, 802, 836

303
Mausoleuni of Yakub Shah al-Mihmandar
AH901 / AD1495-96
The domed mausoleum is paired with a vaulted cis
tern in this unusual building, which was construct
ed by an amir of Sultan Qaytbay. The entrance
fagade has a lengthy inscription band, set within
elaborate strapwark panels, that commemorates the Mamluk

victory over the Ottomans at Adana In AD1486. On this fagade

can also be seen the feeder-point for water deliveries to the

tank below. The trilobed portal has now lost whatever stairs led

up to it and consequently isno longer accessible. The building is

today separated from the enclosure of the Citadel by the Salah

Salim highway, and it stands high up on a spur of rock To the

east are the partially demolished remains of the viaduct that led

up to the fortress of Muhammad 'Ali atop the Mugattam Hills.

Mapshee
2

Plan SCA Archie

References- Creswell 1919,

149. Rogers 1978, 737; Seton-Wilians and
Stocks 1988, 367, Behrens-Abouseif 1989, 147-48, Mcinecke 1992,
11439; Lyster 1993, 37
Listing and consrtion, BCCMAA
1891, 12, 18,19. 84; BCCMAA
1892, 12:
BCCMM 1909, 58: Herz 1914 [1882-1910],161; BCCMAA
1915-19,804

305
Well of Salah al-Din (Bir Yusuf)

AH572-89 / AD1176-93

Map sheet
g

Known familiarly as the Bir Yusuf, this well was dug

by Crusader prisoners of Salah al-Din through

eighty-seven meters of rock to the water table. The
well-shaft itself is surrounded by a spiral ramp that
descends to the two lower levels, where oxen would have
worked waterwheels to raise the water to the surface To the
immediate south of the well are two Ottoman-period faceted
stone towers.
Plan, SCA Archive I CMP Survey for towers (ground floor for east tower and
first floor for west tower)
References: Creswell 1919, 71-72, Seton-Wivlliams and Stocks 198, 371;
Lyster 1993, 11,102; Rabbat 1995, 31-32, 56, 59, 61,63-64, 190, 196

140

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

Lesting and conservatoon BCCMAA 1904, 46, 64; BCCMAA

1906, 76-17,
Herz 1914 11882-1910], 165; BCCMAA1915-19, 804; BCCMAA
1946-53, 211

307
Ayyubid wall
All 566-72

/ AD 1171-76

The listing '307' used to include the entire extent of

the Ayyubid city walls according to the 1924 Map of
Mohammedan Monuments. This appears to have been
omitted from the current edition of the map, which
gives the Ayyubid sections of the wall the number 252, which
should properly be reserved for the Fatimid wall between the Bab
al-Nasr and the Bab al-Futuh extending slightly to the west of the
latter gate (see below and no. 352). The number 307 isused here
and throughout this catalogue and map, in accordance with the
1924 Map, to denote the Ayyubid rather than the Fatimid wall.
Listing and conservation (genernlly) BCCMAA
1896,134-37, BCCMAA
1897,
Multiple
sets

61-62, 157; BCCM4AA

1898. 32-33: BCCMAA
100, 78-79, BCCMA4
1902,27,32, 75 (surveywork), SCCMM 1907,93-94, 123-24; BCCMAA
1908, 96: BCCMAA
1910, 60, 7B-79, 119; Her, 1914 [1B82-1910], 132,
167, BCCMAA 1915-19, 345, 353, 360, 404, 453, 529, 556, 584, 748,
762, CCMM 1920-24, 36, 44, 66, 96, 117,127, 186, 360, 363. 8CCMA4 1936-40, 212, 215. 266, 333: BCCMAA
1941-45, 14, 18. 83, 86.
90, 92, 126, 144, 151,153, 162, 185, 220, 240, 290, 340, BCCMAA
1946-53, 192, 207, 254, 309, 342, 371,381,415, 421 (eastern wall)

Map sheet The Burg al-Zafar, or 'Tower of Triumph; isthe cir

cular corner-tower of Salah al-Dm's stone defences

at their rortheasternmost point This tower has a

great stone-vaulted room (currently inaccessible)

at its heart. One round-fronted tower also survives immediately

to the west of the Burg al-Zafar. Also shown here are the Bab

al-Gedid
('the New Gate'), which had a bent entrance (now

largely hidden), two round-fronted towers to the south of this

gate, and one to the north

Plans Creswell 1959, 50 (Burg al-Zafar), 51 (tower to west of Burg al-

Zafar), 46 (Babal-Gedid), 45 (towers south of the Bab al-Gedid], 48

(tower north of the Bab al-Gedid. The second tower south of the 8ab

al-Giedid has its upper floor plan shown, while the others have their
lower floor plans represented.
References'Creswi 1919, 66-69; Creswell 1959. 49-51 (Burg al-Zafar),
51-52 (tower to west of the Burg al-Zafar), 45-48 [Bab al-Gedid
and other towers): Seton-Wriams and Stocks 1988, 227; Warner
1999, 290
Listing and conservqton: CCMAA 1886, 6-7. BCCMAA 1889, 131-32 and
pIS V-VI; BCCMAA 1898, 36-37; CCMAA 1900, 28; BCCMAA
1902,
25, BCCMAA 1905, 38; BCCMAA
1907. 21; Herz 1914 [1882-1910],
167: BCCMAA
1946-53, 98, 118-19. 141,207

Mapsheet

The Ayyubid walls adjoin the Bab al-Nasr. and con

tinue, albeit with ruptures, up to the Burg al-Zafar
(map sheet 4) before returning at 90 degrees and
heading south. One of the intervening round-fronted
towers was surveyed by Creswell, and the plan is included here.
A large-scale urban clearance'and environrmental enhancement

project has been taking place to the east of the Bab al-Nasr
since 1999, adjacent to and including the walls, which are
being largely rebuilt. This has resulted in the complete physical
separation of the wall from its context.
Plan. Creswell 1959, 52
References. Creswell 1919, 66-69; Creswell 1959, 52-53; BehrensAbouscif 1989, 67-71
Listing and conservation* BCCMAA 1900, 102; BCCMAA 1902, 119. BCC1906, 18, BCCMAA
MAA 1903, 53; BCCMAA 1904, 17-18; BCCA4AA

1909, 116-17; Herz 1914 [18B2-1910, 132, BCCMAA 1946-53, 145,

191,194, 254, 309

The walls in this sector extend west to the Bab al-

Shariy@ and east to the Bab al-Futuh. The section

of wall shown on this sheet includes a roughly
pentagonal corner-tower and a round-fronted
tower in a re-entrant angle of the wall, The break in the wall at
the Bab al-Sharlya ismarked with a plaque. From the Bab alShariya the wall continued west toward the Bab al-Hadid (near
the present-day Midan Ransis), and sections of it can be seen
at various points along its route.
25

Plan Creswell 1959, 53 and 54

Map sheet

This section of Salah al-Din's defensive wall linking

the citadel to the Fatimid city includes one more

round-fronted tower, which isthe first tower to the

north of the Bab al-Mahruc.

Plan, SCAArchive
References Seeno. 307, map sheets 4, 5,6, and 14
Liseing and conservation: BCCMAA 1904, 35

Map sheet

This section of the wall includes the Bab a]-Mahruq

(previously named the Bab al-Qarratin), and three

round-fronted towers to the south. The site was

excavated from 1998 to 2000 with a view to
restoration by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture, ongoing in 2004.
Plan Creswell 1959, 43 (Bab al-Mahrug] SCAArchive for other towers
References. Creswell 1959, 42-43; Pradines, Michaudel, and Monchamp
2002
Listing and conscrvnron:BCCMAA 1899, 88-89; SCCMAA 1900, 48, BCCMAA 1907, 65; BCCAIAA 1920-24, 321, 360, 363, 366, BCCMAA
1925-26, 16-17; BCCMAA 1936-40, 348, 350

Map sheer

The eastern wall continues here with a further

three round-fronted towers (more or less heavily

Map sheet This section of the Ayyubid wall of Cairo was not
recorded by Creswell , since it lay beneath rubbish
mounds until recently. Excavations from the 1980s
have, however, revealed a section of wall some 200
meters long with one small round-fronted tower and one large
round-fronted tower. The latter has a unique hexagonal dou
ble-height vaulted space (substantially collapsed) at its center.
A small fragment of this wall can also be seen to the south,
adjacent to the Bab al-Tawflq (U10).

reconstructed by the Comitd) and what appear to

be the remains of afourth round-fronted tower on
the approach road to the Bab al-Wazir. There is a thickening
of the wall immediately to the east of the Palace of Alnaq (see
no. 249 above), caused by the later period construction of
what may have been arched stone stable units on the outside
of the wall, one of which is indicated on the plan here. The
exact route that the wall took on its continuation south to
the Citadel is conjectural. Two elements are most probably
associated with it in some way: the mausoleum of Ragab alShirazi (built over a tower: see no 476) and a large tower in
the lower enclosure of the Citadel (Ulo

PanmCMP Survey
References: Warner 1999. 289-90, 294-96
Listing and conservation- None

Plan SCAArchive
References See no. 307, map sheets 4,5, 6,7, and 14
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1900, 32

References- Creswell 1919, 66-69; Creswell 1959, 53-55

Listing and conservotion. BCCMAA 1901, 11-12

Map sheet

This wall on this sheet is a continuation of the wall

running from the Burg al-Zafar to the Citadel.

Clearance of the adjacent rubbish mounds and the
interior of the Burg al-Maqlab (the round corner
tower at the entrance to the Darb ai-Mahruq) commenced in
1998 as part of the development of the Darrasa rubbish
mounds as apark (by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture). The round
corner-tower shares characteristics in scale and construction
with the Burg al-Zafar to the north (map sheet 4). The clear
ance has also so far exposed four round-fronted towers (one of
which is demolished) and a gateway in the wall. Part of this
wall, excavated in the 1940s, was given an erroneous number
and attribution, which still persists in the Index of Monuments
(see no. 614).

308
Takiya and sabil-kuttab of Sultan Mahmud
AH1164 / AD1750

Plan Creswell 1959, 44 (for Burg al-Maqlab and first tower to south), CMP
Surveyed AgeKhan Trust for Culture (for remainder of wall)
References Creswell 1969, 43-45; Sayyid 1998, 634-43; Warner 1999,
295-96; Pradines, Michaudel, and Monchamp 2002

Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1905, 74

lap she

The layout of this building-a raised arcaded

courtyard built above shops-resembles that of

the much earlier takiya of Sulayman Pasha (no,
225). It differs from its predecessor, however, in
that it has a bow-fronted sabil-kuttab added onto its southern
end. It was built for Sultan Mahmud by the black eunuch
Bashir Agha, who had already built his own foundation (the
sabil-kuttab, no. 309) opposite. The crenellated fagades of the
building have two continuous decorative bands of arabesques
running around them, and there are three portals. The main
portal, which leads into a domed vestibule with stairs leading
up to the raised courtyard, is a pointed arch with cushioned
voussoirs, decorative strapwork framing, tiled inlay panels,
flanking marble columns, and marble inscriptions. The portal
leading to the sabil, also on the west elevation, is of simpler
29

DE S CR IP T IV E CATAL O G U E

141

design, with surrounding strapwork and decorative banding.

The third portal, located on the south elevation, gives access
to a staircase leading to the kuttab and is flanked by marble
columns, over which stands a pointed arch with a decorative
strapwork and banded frame. The courtyard has a central bal
dachin on four coldimns at its center, and issurrounded by an
arcade of columns that relates to an outer ring of cell units
with shallow pendentive domes. There is a small zawiya on
the north side. The interior of the building isnow occupied by
the offices of the main inspectorate of the SCA's Coptic and
Islamic Section (South Sector). The sabil's interior with blue

and-white Iznik-style tiles has an inlaid-marble floor and

decorative painted wood ceiling. The windows to the sabil
have been half bricked-up, but two of their fine floral-style
bronze grilles are intact. The arcade around the kuttab above
has been enclosed with a modern glazed screen with stained
glass stucco grille overpanels, but the double eaves (the upper
of which isscalloped) following the curved plan of the sabil,
are unaltered,
Plan. Mostafa 1992, 313
References- Pauty 1936, 25-26; Raymond 1979a, 273 (no, 90): SetonWilliams and Stocks 1988, 344; Bates 1991, 161-64; Raymond 1991,
355-56, 357; Raymond 1999, 381
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1889, 59; BCCMAA 1899, 21, 53;
BCC4AA 1902, 104, BCCMAA 1903, 23, Herz 1914 [1882-1910],
110; BCCMAA 1911,2, 69; SCCMAA 1913, 33, BCCMIAA
1916-19,
503, 780; OCCMAA
1925-26, 68: BCCMAA 1946-53, 143, 291, 347,
379, 381

309
Sabil-kuttab of Bashir Agha Dar Sa'ada
AK1131 /AD 1718

This sabil-kuttab was built by the black eunuch Bashir Agha

along traditional Mamluk lines, before he under
Mapshee
took the construction of the adjacent takiya of
29
Sultan Mahmud (no. 308). It has original bronze
grilles with intact shutters and marble basins
behind and marble slabs in front of them A further marble
basin with a bronze grille above it flanks the entrance portal on
the west fagade. The building was extensively restored by the
Comite-so much so that it isunclear which (and how many) of
the features in the interior are original.
Plon. SCAArchive
References Pauty 1936, 23, 24, Raymond 1979a, 264-65 (no 67), Seton-

Williams and Stocks 1988, 315

Listing and conservation. BCCMAA
187-88, 52-53, OCCMAA
1891,
105-6; BCCMAA 1892, 9-10, Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 34; RCCMAA
1915-19, 793, 822

311
Sabi] in the waqf of Kulsun
Map sheet
29

Before AH1110 / AD1689

This Ottoman sabil has a finely decorated interior
that belies its rather run-down external appear
ance. The sabil would seem to have been part of a
wikala (see LU79),of which the vaulted entrance

and courtyard arches are still visible. The interior isextremely

ornate, with a painted wood ceiling, deep cornice, and flat
wooden muqarnas niche-heads on the flank walls, as well as a
muqarnas hood to the missing salsabil. There isan inlaid marble
floor and marble basin by the window grlle.
Pron. SCAArchive
References Pauty 1936, 23, Raymond 1979a, 261 (no 58)
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1891, 106; BCCMAA 1893 (2nd ed., 15,
Hera 1914 [1882-1910], 70: RCCMAA
1913, 50; UCCMAA
1915-19,
793. SCCMAA 1946-53, 143

312

Khanqah of Sa'ad al-Din ibn Ghurab

AII 803-8

/ AD1400-6

This building, known also as the zawlya of Sa'ad al

Din Ibrahim al-Arabi, is today occupied by offices of
the SCA. Its designation as 'khanqah is not justified
by what remains of the original construction, which
is essentially a tomb or zawiya. The current entrance to the
building (from the west) is not original. The principal facade and
portal are on the east, the latter is inscribed and decorated with
marble. Part of this inscription and decoration appears to have
been recently stolen. One lintel on a window inthe favade is also
inscribed. A Comitd-style kuttab projection in timber to the
south side of the portal has been glazed to make an office. The
interior of the zaviyaltomb has the remains of a fine inlaid
marble qibla wall and mihrab. There is a long and partly damaged
inscription on the walls at high level, and a pair of geometric
inlaid marble kufic panels below this. The floor and ceiling are
modern, perhaps dating to 1910, when the building was
remodeled by the Comit.
Map sheet
29

Pion SCAArchive
References: Creswell 1919, 118; Mostafa 1982. 103-5: Seton-Williams and
Stocks 1980, 345; Meinecke 1992, 11304
Listing and conscrvation* BCCMAA 1886, 12, BCCMAA 1890, 78-79; BCCMAA 1907, 103-4; 8CCMAA 1909, 91-92; BCCMAA 1910,11-12; Herz
1914 (1882-19101, 142; BCCMAA 1911,45, 50, 59, 125-31 (historical
notice); BCCMAA 1915-19, 795: BCCMAA 1936-40, 109

(317)
Minaret of the mosque of Gaqmaq
Before AH857

AD1453

Map sheet This mosque, originally located between the mouth

of the Kh alig a-'Masr and Old Cairo, was destroyed
2
to make way for the al-Malik al-Salih road tunnel.
The top of the minaret is reconstructed in the
archaeological garden of the Citadel (see U2 below),

142

DESCRIPTIVE

CATAIOVUE
C
A T ALOGCUE

Plan: None
References* Creswell 1919, 133
1902, 98; BCCMAA
.stng and conservaton CCMAA1889, 74; BCCMAA
1904, 79; BCCMAA
1905, 11; Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 48; BCCMAA
1936-40, 213, 227-29

321

House and sabil of al-Kritliya

Mapsheet
24

AH 1041 /AD 1631

This Ottoman courtyard house, together with the
house of Amna bint Salim (no. 559) opposite it,
today form the complex that contains the Gayer-

Anderson Museum. The two houses face each other

across an alleyway that leads up to one of the doors into the
ziyada of the mosque of Ahmad ibn Tulun (no. 220), and are
linked at high level by a bridge. The house is unusual in hav
ing a large sabil and intact cistern on its corner adjacent to a
bent entrance that leads into a courtyard. Original doorways,
decorative stonework, and a maq'ad are here well preserved. A
small tomb on the east side of the house was reconstructed
with a new dome by the Comite, together with most of this
cornerof the building. Of the original rooms of the house, the
esbil, maq'ad, harim room: and 'winter ga'a' have impressive
decorated ceilings with inscriptions.
Plan. Maury et al. 1983, 174
References: Pauty 1936, 24 (sabil), Raymond 1979a, 248 (no 21); Revault
and Maury 1979, 53-78: Maury et al 1983, 170-80; Seton-Willians
and Stocks 1988, 357-58
1909,
Listing and conservabon. 6CCMAA 1892, 100 [classificalion); BCCMAA
1912, 4, 15, 31,85, 89,
166-67; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 69: BCCMAA
BCCMAA
1913, 36, 71,BCCMAA 1915-19, 369, 399, 733, 793, BCCAA
1920-24, 16, 97, BCCMAA 1927-29, 4, 54, 61,84, 125, 197, 223, 228
BCCMAA
1930-32, 3. 60, 147, 169; BCCMAA
1933-35, 47-48, 260-61,
419, 8CCMAA 1941-45, 28, 61, 63, 68, 70, 73, 89, 93, 96, 109, 112,118,
1946-53, 142, 200,282, 360
123, 135, 198, 236, BCCMAA

322
Remains of the palace of al-Ghuri
AH9D6-22 1 AD1501-16

All that survives of al-Ghuri's palace, located next

to the important artery of Shari' Saliba, that has
not been subsumed into a later nineteeth-century
palatial structure is a trilobed stone entry portal
with cartouches on its spandrels and a fragment of low-level
inscription to the right-hand side of the door, which is now
bricked up. There is also a section of wall with stone corbels
to the left of the door. The stonework was cleaned and
repointed in 2000.
Mapsheet
24

Plan CMP Survey

References: Creswell 1919, 157
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1906, 57-58; BCCMAA 1909, 10,
164-65 and pl. ii, BCCMAA 1910, 50-51, 118, Herz 1914 11882-1910],
65: BCCMAA 1915-19, 802

323
Hawd of Shaykhu

Eleventh century An] Seventeenth century AD

Mapsheet This structure, which abuts the khangah of Shayku

(no. 152) may be part of Bilal Agha's restoration of
23
the complex during the latter part of the seven
teenth century. The hawd is derelict, and the
ground-floor trough area blocked up, although there is a fine
mashrablya over it at one end of a ga's at first-floor level. The
coffered wooden celling of this room ispropped up, and its wall
to the street has fallen away,
Plan- SCA Archive
References Raymond 1979a, 260-61 (no. 56)
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1882-B3 [2nd ed.).58-60 (historical
note), BCCMAA 1893 (2nd ed), 71: Herz 1914 [1882-1910, 46: BCCMAA 1915-19, 798: Pauty 1931b, 165 n. 1

324

Sabil-kuttab of Qaytbay

AH884 / AD1479
To judge from its size, it is likely that this building
was designed to be rather more than merely a
sabil-kuttab, though it issaid to be the first exam
ple of a freestanding fountain-school in Cairo. The
building was the object of extensive remodeling by the Comit&,
which introduced concrete floors, a terrazzo staircase, and a
new wooden kuttab-type element on the fagade. The only parts
of the building that can be securely identified as being original
are the entry portal, sabil fagades and interior, and the enor
mous double cistern below the sabil, accessed by astone spiral
stair. The entry portal and fagades, with their lavish stone carv
ing and inlaid marble decoration, are characteristic of the
Qaytbay period. The building was restored by a Spanish team in
1998-2000 and now houses the Suzanne Mubarak Centre for
Islamic Civilization.
Map sheet

Plan. Mostaf 1992, 258

References Creswell 1919, 144, Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 360,
Meinecke 1992, 11.418-19
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1882-83 (2nd ed.)58-60, BCCMAA
1905, 46; Herz 1914 (1882-19101, 85; BCCMAA 1915-19, 802; 80C-

MAA 1920-24, 146, 230, 300, BCCMAA 1930-32, 53, BCCMAA

1933-35, 201-2: BCCMAA 1946-53, 7-6, 146

325
Gate of the Darb al-Labbana
Eighth century AH/ Fourteenth century AO
The gate to 'the Alley of the Milkmaid' isone of the
last surviving and most heavily decorated of the
ancient gates into the haras of Cairo. Fragments of
blue-faience and black-marble inlay attest to the
past beauty of this gate, which isessentially a single inner arch
with cushioned voussoirs. There is nothing behind the door
today, and the adjacent site has been cleared to the ground,
awaiting new construction
Map shee
S

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

143

Plan: After Survey of Egypt 1:500 Cadastral Plan

References- Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 326, Meinecke 1992, 11380
Listing and conservaton BCCMAA
1891, 97; BCCIMIAA
1892, 21, BCCMAA
1894, 99, 117-1, BCCMAA 1895, 15, Herz 1914 [18B2-1910], 108;
BCCMAA 1915-19, 800

Plan' CMP Survey

References Mostafa 1982, 102-3; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 315;
Meinecke 1992, 11:293
listing and conservation* BCCMAA 1898, 24-25, Herz 1914 [1882-1910],
115; BCCMAA
1915-19. 800

326
Takiya of Taqi al-Din al-Bistami

328
Sabil-kuttab of Shabin Agha Ahmad
AH 1086 /AD 1675

AH847 / AD1443

The only part of this complex that is technically

listed is the front porch, which was built during the
reign of Sultan Gaqmaq. Behind this lies a reason
ably sized complex, including a zawiya, courtyard,
and accommodation for Sufis, which may be a later addition.
The brotherhood would have consisted of followers of the
ninth-century ADmystic Abu Yazid al-Bistami, in whose honor
a large foundation was established in Jerusalem in the four
teenth century. In Cairo, al-Nasir Muhammad is known to have
constructed a mwiya for Tqi al-Din Ragab al-Bistami in the
location of the present foundation, The porch, which is
approached from a flight of steps, has a square muqarnas hood
and a surviving inscription on the left-hand side. The whole
structure is severely dilapidated. There is a projecting wooden
section over the door, but the room that was once in this posi
tion has collapsed. A long open-roofed corridor leads into the
courtyard of the takiya, which has a zawiya on its qibla side.
The courtyard, surrounded by disintegrating mashrabiya and
derelict cell units, is partly paved, and there are two inscrip
tions on the wall of the zawaya. The zawiya itself, approached
through a simple trilobed stone portal, is a two-columned, two
riwaq hall built partly of brick and partly of stone. Among later
accretive structures on the south side of the courtyard are
large-scale remnants from the Mamluk period, including a
large brick pointed arch. These may be survivals of an earlier
zawiya or elements of the adjacent bimaristan of al-Mu'ayyad
Shaykh (see no. 257).
Map sheet
9andil6

The fagade of this building includes not only the

sabil-kuttab, but also a house and a workshop. The
sabil has one original bronze grille and good-qual
ity wooden cupboards internally with an inscribed
salsabil. An adjacent decorated stone portal leads to the col
lapsed stair of the house.

Plan: CMP Survey (sabil and house)

Map sheet
22

References. Pauty 1936, 23; Raymand 1979a, 255-56 (no. 42): Hanna

1989, 102-3; Badr and Crecelius 1992

Listing and conservation*BCCMAA 1900, 47 (classification); Herz 1914
[1882-1910, 43 BCCMAA 1915-19, 777; BCCAA 1930-32, 138;
BCCMAA
1941-45, 110, 134, 165

329
Sabil-kuttab of Muhammad
Mustafa al-Muhasibgi
All 1129

Eighth century AHI Fourteenth century AD

Sandal al-Mangaki, a Greek eunuch, was the treas
urer of Sultan Barquq. There is some confusion
attached to this listing; both Herz and the Bulletfn
rgister it as "the door of the takiya al-Marghani
this is closer to what exists on the ground today, which is a
simple stone portal (now blocked) with no surviving inscription
set in a length of original wall. It is presumably all that remains
of a once-large complex bordering that of Mangak al-Yusufi
(no 138). The name 'al-Marghani' derives from the adjacent
nineteenth-century shaykh's tomb (U55].
Map sheer

144

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

AD1716

Plan: CMP Survey

References Pauty 1936, 23, Raymond 1979a, 264 (no 66)

Listing and conservation. OCCMAA

1890, 49-50 (historical notice]; Hetz

1914 [1882-1910], 124; BCCMAA 1915-19, 781

Plan SCAArchive
References. Burgoyne 1987, 419 (for biography), Minecke 1992, 11:364;
Tantawi 1994, 112-14; Rabbat 195, 199
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1898, 24-25, Herz 1914 [1882-1910],
xxvill, BCCMAA 1913, 129, BCCMAA 1915-19, 803

327
Tomb of Sandal al-Mangaki

Map sheet This sabil-kuttab gives a good ,idea of the height at

which the grilles to the sabil were originally locat
28
ed. The sabil preserves its marble foundation
inscription, tiled lunettes, and bronze grille. The
kuttab is also intact.

330
Gate of Malika Safiya
AH1019 / AD1610

This was one of the entrances into what was prob

ably a garden that surrounded the mosque of
Malika Safiya when it was built (see no. 200 above).
The garden has since disappeared, but the gate
remains: a trilobed portal with muqarnas and strapwork, now
sandwiched between larger, more recent constructions.
Map sheet
21

Plan. CMP Survey

References Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 330
Listing and conservation- BCCMAA 1886, 3, BCCMAA 1891, 19; Herz 1914
[1882-19101, 142, SCCMAA 1915-19, 783; BCCMAA
1930-32. 8-10

331
Sabil-kuttab of Ibrahim Katkhuda Mustahfizan
Map sheet
28

AH 1167 f AD1753
iserroneously attrib
bow-fronted sabil
large
This
uted in the Index of Monuments to Ibrahim Bey al-

maq'ad has been demolished and can be appreciated only in the

surviving photographs of this building. The site is now deregis
tered. Nearby on the Shari' al-Surugiya are the remains of a
wikala constructed by the same individual (no. [496]).
Plan: CMP Survey
References Pauty 1933b, 83 (no. 37), Raymond 1979a, 272-73 (no. 89)

Kabir. It was actually built by Ibrahim Katkhuda

Mustahfizan (see Raymond 19791), and the new
attribution is given above. Only the structural shell of the
ground floor survives, unroofed and occupied by a carpentry
workshop. The bronze grilles to the sabil windows have been
removed and their openings bricked up. The ancillary rooms to
over
the north and west of the sabil are modern, probably built
the original structure.

Listng and conservation. BCCMAA 1894, 107-8 (classification); Herz 1914

[1882-1910, 117:BCCMAA 1913, 41; CCMAA 1915-19, 780; BCCMAA 1930-32, 147, 164

Pfan. CMP Survey

References, Raymond 1979a, 275-76 (no 84)
Listing and conservatron BCCMAA 1885, 9-10; BCCMAA 1894 (under the
1898, 78;
1897, 39, OCCMAA
name Isma'il Bey al-Kabir), 9B; BCCMAA
BCCMAA 1901, 113, BCCMAA 1903, 6, B7-B9 (historical notice), Herz
1914 [1882-1910], 78, BCCIIAA 1915-19, 779, 829; BCCMAA
1948-53, 258-59

Map sheet

332
Takiyat al-Gulshani
AH926 / AD1519
This building was the first takiya inCairo, founded
by the colorful shaykh of the Khalawati order of
dervishes, who died in AD1534, aged over ahundred.
Much of the perimeter courtyard structure and
fagade seems to have been subsequently remodeled, leaving the
tomb of the founder as the only original element The simple
trilobed portal, approached by a steep flight of steps and
flanked by a drinking spout with an inscribed marble dedication
dated AH1258 (AD1842), has two inscription bands. Much of
the fagade to the west has collapsed. The separate stone
domed tomb chamber in the center of the courtyard islined
internally and faced externally with eighteenth-century blue
and-white Iznik-style tiles
Map sheet
21

Plan. After SCAArchive

References: Behrens-Abouseif and Fernandes 1984, 109, Fernandes 1985,
108-10; Behrens-Abouseif 1988a, 43-60: Seton-Williams and Stocks
1988, 275-76; Behrens-Abouseif 1990, 49-55, Behrens-Abouseif
1994, 207
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1906, 104 (classification of fagade):
BCCMAA 1908, 56; Hera 1914 [1882-1910], 69; BCCMAA 1915-19,
336, 778; BCCMAA 1920-24, 355: BCCMAA 1936-40, 109

(334)
Mac'ad of the house of al-Manawi
AH 1169 /AD 1755

lap sheetThe octagonal marble columns and stone arches of

this imposing maq'ad constructed by Ahmad
22
Katkhuda Mustahfizan still survive, although the
structure has been converted into residential units.
The trilobed stone portal that was the original entrance to the

335
Sabil-kuttab of 'Abbas Agha
AH1088 / AD1677
This sabil-kuttab was originally built by 'All
Katkhuda 'Azaban and restored by the Ottoman
23
eunuch 'Abbas Agha in AD1677. The street fagade
"as two inscriptions and one original window grille.
The interior of the sabil has an inlaid marble pavement, salsabil
emplacement, and painted wood ceiling. The water tank behind
the salsabil survives. A small side chamber in the kuttab
extends over the fageade of the adjacent wikala (no. 548), which
may have housed the teacher employed in the kuttab.
Plan: CMP Survey
References Pauty 1936, 24, Raymond 1979a, 256 (no 44); Hathaway 1994,
308 and n 67
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1887-80, 41, BCCMAA 1896, 20: Herz
1915-19, 797, BCCMA 1930-32, 248
1914 [1882-19101, 18, BCCMAA

(336)
Remains of the palace of Muhammad
ibn Souwaydan
AH1028 / AD1618

Map sheet This listing included a maq'ad and the ceiling of

one of the ga'as of the palace, but the house was
27
already derelict by the 1930s and was subse
quently demolished.
Plan: None
References. Pauty 1933b, 78 (no 16)
Listing and conservation, SCCMAA 1895, 39 (as house of Burham), Herz
1914 [1882-1910], 139 (as house of Aly Pacha Borhirm); BCCMAA
1915-19, 776, BCCMAA 1930-32, 33 143, 162

337
Sabil-kuttab of Ruqayya Dudu
AH1174 / AD1761
('the Parakeet') was the daughter of
Dudu
Ruqayya
Map sheet
Sedawya Shahin (see no. 615); this ornate sabil
15
kuttab was built in her memory by her mother. The
bow-fronted tripartite fagade is flanked by theatri
cal 'wings: and the stonework iselaborately carved with strap
work and other geometrical devices. Marble columns separate
the satil windows, which have curving bronze grilles. The
fagade is also embellished with inset panels of blue-and-white
tiles. The structure of the kuttab above issimilarly elaborate,

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

145

with scalloped wooden eaves and a timber arcade. To the south

ofhe sabil is a ruined domestic structure with the remains of
a stucco bathhouse roof at first-floor level.
Plan Mostafa 1992, 335
References: Pauty 1936, 25, Raymond 1979a, 279-80 (no. 105); SetonWilliams and Stocks 1988, 328
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1893, 72; Herz 1914 [1882-19101, 141,
BCCMAA
1911,108, BCCMAA 1915-19, 782; BCCMAA 1933-35, 157,
171,179. 390, 394, BCCMM 1946-53, 349

Pauty (in 1931) refers to it as 'the khan of the embroiderers'

(khan oi-Zarakisha). The Comith completely renovated the fagade

on Midan al-Husayn with new mashrabiya. The structure behind

the elaborate fagade, however, isderelict and unused today.
Plan. Mostafa 1992, 254

References Scharabi 1978, 161; Meinecke 1992, 11-470-71; Behrens-

Abouseif 1994, 188

Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1892, 69-70; BCCMAA 1904, 42-43,
78-79: Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 122: BCCMAA 1915-19, 780, BCC-

MAA 1930-32, 173; Pauty 1931b, 161n. I BCCMAA 1936-40, 68,

339

103, 215; BCCMAA

1946-53, 181,188, 190; SCA
2002, 75-78

Bayt al-Sihaymi
AH1058-1211

This courtyard house belonged originally to Shaykh

al-Tablawi in the seventeenth century, before it
passed into the hands of Shaykh al-Sihaymi and his
successors, it was known to the Comite as the
house of al-Kassabi. It is unusual among Cairene houses not
only for its size, but also for the preservation of some ancillary
service elements such as a waterwheel and corn mill in a gar
den behind the house. The garden also contains the recon
structed late-Mamluk tomb of Gamal al-Din, with an unusual
pierced dome, moved to this location in 1952. Maury (1983)
suggests that this house, together with the house of Mustafa
Gaf'ar (no. 471), and the Khorazati house (U), may at one time
have been parts of a single huge dependency. The house has
several large qa'as, a maq'ad, and a fine bathhouse. It was
heavily restored by the ComitS in the 1930s and further
restored in 1998-2000.
Map sheet
18

Plan. Maury et al. 1983, 208

References: Pauty 1933b, 5B-59 (no 2): Pauty 1936, 37, 'Abd al-Wahab
1965, 96, 1D4: Fathy 1969, 145-46; Ltzine 1971, 14, 15 (malgaf),
Revault 1979, 299-300, Revault and Maury 1979, 93-120, Maury et
al. 1983, 205-21, Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 234-35, Jaubert
1995, 199
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1890, 44-45; BCCMM 1905, 77: BCCMAA 1906, 29; BCCMAA 1909, 137; Herz 1914 11882-1910] 123, BCCMAA 1915-19, 791,BCCMAA 1934, 35; BCCMAA
1936, 3B, SC0MAA
1927-29, 215, 223; BCCMAA1930-32, 36-38, 175, 199, 224, 230,
258-59,267; BCCMAA 1933-35, 7,14, 23-36, 30-39, 98-104, 112,121,
123, 148, 150, 152, 158, 160, 169, 172, 174, 177, 180, 182. 201,203,
227, 251, 255; BCCMAA 1936-40, 15, 57, 62, 71, 140, 246, 266, 313;
BCCMAA
1941-45, 33, 170, 295, 299, 303, 310; BCCMAA
1946-53,
63-64, 140,192, 198-99, 281, 314, 316, 328-29: SCA2002, 199-212

351
Khan al-Zarakisha
Ca.AH915 / AD1509

This building was originally listed by Herz (1914)

Mapshee
and in the 1915-19 Bulletin as the wikala and
13 1
'kitchen' of Abul' Dahab, but the latter structure
was demolished, probably in the construction of
the takiya of Abu'l Ohahab (U27) late in the nineteenth cen
tury. The khan seems also to have belonged to the Ottoman
governor, SuJayman Pasha, in the early sixteenth century.

146

DESCRIPTIVE

352

/ AD 1648-1796

CATALOGUE

Fatimid Wall
AH480 1 AD1087
This listing ishere used to cover the Fatim id wall
between the Bab al-Nasr and the Bab al-Futuh,
which also extends some way to the west before
being joined by the Ayyubid wall (see no. 307). It is
also used for a small part of the wall appearing on map sheet
25 (below). Attached to the section of the wall running
between the Bab al-Futuh and the Bab al-Nasr are three large
square-fronted towers that are built of ashlar masonry over a
rubble care, with columns set into them horizontally to provide
reinforcement. The portion of the wall to the west of the Bab
al-Futuh includes a square stone tower containing a staircase
and a vast chamber with several reused pharaonic stone frag
ments, and another round-fronted tower. It was this wall that
was the object of Creswell's interest when he achieved,
through the agency of the Comit in the 1940s, his aim of
urban clearance outside the wall with a view to revealing its
true appearance. This process included the demolition of the
mosque of 'Ayesha al-Sutuhiya (no. 558). The listing '352' is
applied today to all the city walls of Cairo indiscriminately
whether of Fatimid of Ayyubid date, but this map reverts to
the distinction found in the 1924 Map of Mohammedan
Monuments of Cairo: no. 307 for Ayyubid walls and no. 352 for
Fatimid walls.

Map sheet
18

Plans. Creswell 1952, 191 (square staircase tower), 193 (round-fronted

tower)
References: Creswell 1919, 54-56; Creswell 1952, 181-96; BehrensAbousif 1989, 67-71
Listing and conservation BCCMAA
1899, 69; Herz 1914 [1882-1910], 132,
BCCMAA
1915-19, 789, BCCMAA 1936-40, 181-96, SCA2002, 58

This small fragment of wall marks the line of the

enceinte of Badr al-Gamali leading to the Bab alGantara (US). Heavily restored by the Comit6, it is
included for reference with the same registration
number as the Fatimid walls between the Bab al-Nasr and the
Bab al-Futuh. On this map sheet, the northwestern corner of
the first mud-brick Fatimid enclosure wall of the city, built by
Gawhar al-Sigilli, is clearly expressed in the surviving urban
fabric, following the street to the north of Shari' Amir alGuyush and returning at a right angle heading south.
Mapsheet
25

Plan Survey of Egypt 1:500 Cadastral Plan

References see no. 352 (map sheet 18) above
Listing and conservation. see no 352 (map sheet 18) above

357
Tomb of al-Shurafa
Before AH901 / AD1496

(353)
Zawiyat al-Arbain
AH1267 ( AD 1850

This zawiya was located on the Shari' Nur al

23

Zalam, 'Atfat al-Matba'a, no. 5 A modern zawiya

on the ground floor of an apartment block stands

in this location today

Plan. None

References. None
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1892, 14-15; BCCMAA 1894, 70: Herz
1914 [1B92-1910], 22, BLTMAA 1925-26, 110-11

The Comit suggested that this tomb, with ashallow

stone pendentive dome within, was a converted
Mamluk sabil, which is more than likely. The enor
mous size of the masonry blocks used in its con
struction suggest, however, that the structure had a function
prior to its use as a public sabil that may in some way have
been connected with the Citadel water-supply system, as were
other structures around the periphery of the Citadel's walls
(see no. 369 and U71).
Plan: CIP Survey
Map sheet
2

References- None
Listing and conservation: BCCMA4 1913, 55; BCCMAA 1914, 67, 108-9.
SCCMAA 1915-19, 798

355
House of 'Abd al-Wahid al-Fasi
Tenth century AHI Sixteenth century An
This listing is for the remaining parts (including a
sabil) of a formerly large Ottoman domicile, which
isarrayed around a courtyard. The sabil, which has
a fine painted wooden ceiling, is located on the
northwestern corner of the site. The fagade of the sabil has
stone corbels to the projecting first floor and wooden corbels to
the second floor The upper levels of the building are totally
derelict, and the courtyard is used for storage; the sabil iscur
rently occupied by a shop The courtyard has an Ottoman-style
fagade at the west, but the main entrance leading to it is
obscured by modern shops and isdifficult to locate. The ga'a
that is shown on the map plan survives, but was not accessible
at the time of writing.
Map sheet
20

Plan:Revault and Maury 1979, 51

References Pauty 1933b, 78 (no. 14); Revault and Maury 1979, 47-52
1930-32, 143,
Lsting and conservation. BCCMA 1915-19, 775, RCCMAA
162, BCCMAA 1946-53, 1B2, 188-89

356
Bab al-Harat al-Mabyada
AH1084 / AD1673
Map sheet
12

This is one of the few surviving stone gates that

closed off a hara (in this case the Dyers' Quarter)
from the main thoroughfare. This particular exam
ple is crenellated.

Plan:Survey of Egypt 1*500 Cadastral Plan

References: Seton-Wiliams and Stocks 1988, 222
Leising and conservation. BCCMAA 1913, 110

358
Sabil-kuttab of Nafisa al-Bayda
AI 1211 (AD1796

This bow-fronted sabil-kuttab was added by its

Map sheet
patron to the corner of a preexisting wikala (see no.
21
395 below), It has an ornate fagade with decorative
strapwork, marble columns, bronze grilles, and
wooden eaves, The building was restored in 1995-98 by the EAR
Plan; Egyptian Antiquities Project
References: Pauty 1936,25; Raymond 1979a, 284 (no. 118): Seton-Williams

and Stocks 1988, 270, ARCE/EAP 1998

1912, 73; BCCMAA 1915-19, 781; BCC
Listing and conservation BCCA4AA
MAA 1936-40, 266, 338, BCCMAA 1946-53, 77, 142, 200; EAP1999

359
Tomb of 'Ali Negm
Eleventh century AHI Seventeenth century AD
The date given in the Index for this monument
appears to have been derived from one of the
inscriptions on the favade of the building record
ing a restoration in the seventeenth century AD.
The tomb itself is likely to be much older, possibly dating from
the early fifteenth century, which is the date of the tiles on
the qibla wall of the zawiya. The tomb is surmounted by a
small store dome that has an inscription band around its
base. Inaddition to the Mamluk tiles, the qibla wall has inlaid
marble panels, obscured by overpainting. The mihrab has an
original carved inscription above it, which has also been cov
ered in paint.
Map sheet
21

Plan CMP Survey

References Meinecke 1990, 211
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1912, 74, 106, 8CCUAA 1915-19, 776;
BCCMAA 1930-32, 15

D)E SCR

IP TI V E

ERPIECATALOGUE

147

360

365

Mausoleum of Qansuh Abu Sa'id

Zawiya of Radwan Bey

AH904 / AD1499

This tomb is not to be confused with that of Sultan

Qansuh Abu Said, built inthe same year inthe north

ern cemetery (monument no, 164). It may be that this
was Gansuh's initial tomb, built prior to his elevation
to the sultanate, at which point he would have required a more
lavish structure. The tomb has a plastered-brick dome, set above
a stone base on squinches decorated with strapwork; a fragment
of the inscription band at the bottom of the dome survives.
Plan. SCAArchive
References:Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 36B: Meinecie 1992, II:446

An1080 /AD 1650

Map sheet

This small zawiya was built as part of Radwan Bey's

major urban development to the east (see nos. 208,
406, and 408). Asingle antique marble column sup
ports the painted wood ceiling. The occupant of the
tomb within isunknown.
Map sheet
21

Plnt CMP Survey

References. Seenos. 208, 406, and 408
Listing and conservation: SCCMAA 1915-19, 782; BCCMAA
1930-32, 12,
BCCMAA 1933-35. 45

Usting and conservation: BCCMAA 1913, 54-55, BCCMAA 1914, 66, 83,
BCCMAA 1915-19, 802

(366)
Sabat in the waqf of al-Fakahani

(361)
Sabil and house of Hasan
(Sabil Darb al-Masmat)
AH1193 1AD 1779-80
was situated adjacent to the mosque
building
This
Map sheet
of Mahmud Muharram at no. 5, Darb al-Masmat. It
12
%as declassified in the late 1920s and was subse
q'uently demolished; the grille, inscription, and tiles
from the fagiade may have gone to the Islamic Museum.

Tenth century AHf Sixteenth century AD

Map sheet The site of this now-demolished house, originally
built over a street, seems to have been off the larat
13
al-Kushqadam in the 'Atfat al-Moati. adjacent to
the zawiyat al-Tabbakh (no, [431]). The word sobat
isused here to denote avaulted passage in the street.

Plan None

References Pauty 1933b, 81 (no. 29)

Listing and conservation.OCCMAA

1915-19, 777

Plan. None
References' Raymond 19790, 283 (no 117)
Listing end conservation: BCCMAA 1915-19, 788: BCCMAA
1927-29,7

363
Sabil of Ibrahim Shurbagi Mustahfizan

(367)
Faaade of the wikalat al-Kharbutli
AH1176 / AD1762-63
Mapsheet

20

AH1106 / AD1694

This Ottoman sabil has one blocked-up grille to the

west, above which is mounted the foundation
inscription. The fagade has decorative stone strap
work. The kuttab is entirely missing except for its
balustrade, and the interior is virtually inaccessible.
Plan* CMP Survey
References: Pauty 1936, 23; Raymond 1979a, 268-59 (no, 50)
Map sheet
21

The fagade of this wikala, which lies immediately to

the south of the Fakahani mosque, was declassified
in 1931. Asection of the portal was still visible until
2000, when the entire structure was demolished

Plon None
References Raymond and Wiet 1979, 263 (no 23)
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1915-19, 779, BCCMAA 1920-24, 259,
BCCMAA 1930-32, 67: C.Williams 2002, 472

(368)

Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1915-19, 779, BCCMAA

1933-35, 108,
112,158, 172, 180

Fagade of the houses of Munib al-Alayli and

Shaykh al-Qayati

Twelfth century ANI Eighteenth century AD

364

House of 'Abd al-Hamid Wa'di

These two houses, which straddled the area of the

Fatimid wall to the east of the Bab Zuwayla, were
fine examples of Ottoman domestic architecture,
with many mashrabiya windows overlooking the
Darb al-Ahmar. The Comit6 purchased the sites piecemeal and
restored the fagdes as part of their project to renovate Midan
Bab Zuwayla, but the buildings appear to have collapsed in the
late 1960s. Although they are still technically registered on the
Index of Monuments, they are here included in the category of
deregistered or destroyed monuments.

AN1015 / AD1606
Mapsheet This was an Ottoman house with a maqad, of
which only a tiny fragment (with a painted wood
21
inscription) survives. There seems little to justify
the continued presence of this structure on the
Index of Monuments.
Plan' None
References:Paut 1933b, 81 (no 31), Pauty 1936, 37
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1915-19, 775, BCCMAA 1930-32. 7

148

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

Map shee
21

Plan SCAArchive (partial)

References:Pauty 1933b, 81lno. 30)

Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1915-19, 781, RCCAA 1930-32, 24,

164; BCCMAA 1933-35, 319, 417, BCCMAA1936-40, 224-25, 272-73

369
Waterwheel

AH712 / AD1312

with a

Map sheet This is a large stone tower, square in plan,

It
side.
eastern

its
on
panel
and
blank cartouche
10
was the last pumping tower from the aqueduct
prior to its entry into the Citadel through a rock
cut tunnel leading to another well and waterwheel (see no.
569). It is likely that the original tower was constructed by
Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad and subsequently renewed by
Sultan al-Ghuri in AD1506-7 Little isvisible at the top of the
tower except for astone block, deeply scored by the passage of
a water wheel that has long since ceased to exist. Remnants of
a substantial masonry structure of comparable date can be
seen slightly to the east of the tower.
Plan CMP Surivey

Creswell
1924, 158, Creswell 1959, 257-58; Melnecle 1992.
References
11:112
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1915-19, 803, BCCMAA 1941-45, 58

370

Listing and conservation; BCCMAA 1902, 65 (not classified): BOCMAA

1915-19, 790, BCCMAA 1930-32. 33

(374)
Zawiya and sabil-kuttab of Shaykh Murshid
AH940 / AD1533-34

Map sheet

This deregistered building is located to the north of

the mosque of Aytmish al-Bagasi (no. 2501 on the

same side of the Darb al-Ahmar. The listing is, in

fact, for two chronologically distinct foundations: a
Mamiuk-style zawlya and an Ottoman sabil-kuttab and rab'
fronting the street. The zawlya islocated in the surviving wan
of a large two-iwan madrasa, with a large stone arch still stand
ing, the date of which may well be earlier than that given by
the Comit. There isan inscribed plaster surround to a bull's
eye window above the mihrab, which appears to have been lined
with wood at some point in the building's history. A remnant
of the original portal to the madrasa survives on the street
immediately to the south of the sabil. The sabil itself, which is
contiguous with the remains of an Ottoman rab', is dated by
Pauty (1936) to AD1554.
Plan. CMPSurey
References. Raymond 1979a, 242 (no.4): Pauty 1936, 28
Listin and conservaton: CCMAA 1915-19, 781, BCCMA4 1933-35, 187,
188, 190, 329

Mausoleum of Aqtay al-Farisi

AH652 / AD1254

Aqtay was a mamluk of al-Zahir Baybars. Although

this is listed as a mausoleum, the structure that
stands in isolation on the slopes leading up to the
Citadel is actually one iwan (made of stone rubble
and brick, now heavily rebuilt) of what was once a larger com
plex. There are two recent cenotaphs in the iwan and a simple
rock-cut burial hole outside it. A few meters to the north are
the remains (of uncertain date) of a brick water tank with

(375)

House of Hasan 'Abd al-Latif

Mapsheet

intact render.
Plan' CMP Survey
References Meinecke 1992,11.2
Listing and conservatfon BCCMAA 1915-19, 797, BCCMAA 1946-53, 249

(371)
Zawiya of Udah Basha
Map sheet

AH1084 /AD1673
This is one of several buildings constructed by the

same patron in this area of the Camaliya (see also

nos. 17, 19, and 591). The zawiya, located on the
southern corner of the block (which includes an
eponymous wikala), is elevated over shop units and is
approached through a plain trilobed stone portal. The zawiya was
at one time jointly listed under the same number (371) with the
adjacent wikala, but the latter was subsequently renumbered in
its own right as no. 591 and the zawiya was deregistered.
18

Twelfth century ANJ Eighteenth century AD

Map sheet

15

Early photographs (Pauty 1933b, pl. xxxa) show that

this house had a remarkable pair of dramatically
projecting mashrabiya windows located at the fork
ing of two streets. The house isnow demolished

Plan' None
Relerences. Pauty 1933b, 85-86 (no. 41)
1915-19, 778
Listing and conseration. OCCMAA

376
Sabil of the amir Khalil
AH1174 /AD 1761
has an intact marble inscription and
sabil
Map sheet This
grille. The kuttab has been
window
only one
15
destroyed. Half of the fagade is a Comite recon
struction from 1931, according to a date
inscribed on one of the blocks.
Pan. SCA Archive
References: Pauty 1936, 24, Raymond 1979a, 279 (no. 104)
Listing and conservation: BCCMM 1915-19, 799

Plan, CMP Survey

References: Pauty 1936, 33 (wikala); Raymond 1979a, 255 (no 41):
Raymond and Wiet 1979, 273 (no 134)

DESrR IPTIVE 'CA-TA-LOGUE

149

377
Mosque of Qara Muhammad Pasha
apsheet
10

AH1113 / AD1701
Muhammad 'Ali was a governor of Egypt (r. AD
1699-1704) who intended his foundation to serve

the Khalawati Sufi order. This mosque was built

adjacent to the outer wall of the lower enclosure of
the Citadel. Only the tomb, minaret, and a section of the qiba
wall with mihrab (all of a simple design executed in stone) sur
vive. The tomb has a rendered brick dome. Asingle stone arch
survives from an arcade built slightly to the southwest of the
tomb-probably an original part of the complex, which is
known to have also included a bathhouse.
Plan: CMP Survey
References Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 361; Behrens-Aboused 1994,
182

Listing and conservaton: BCCMAA 1915-19, 797; BCCMAA 1927-29, 189

(ciassification),

BCCMA1946-53, 249

(378)

Mosque of Sayyida 'Ayesha

395
Fagade of the wikala of Nafisa al-Bayda
AH1211 / AD1796
This listing does not extend to the wikala itself,
which is probably an Ayyubid foundation. The
fagade would appear to be part of Nafisa alBaydas refurbishment of the block that included
the building of her sabil-kuttab on the southwestern corner
(no. 358). The fagade was partially restored by the Comit, but
the second floor on the northern side was not replaced. The
interior of the wikala is approached through a fine stone portal;
the courtyard itself isfilled with invasive structures. Within one
of these are the remains of a stone door with decorative strap
work-perhaps a part of a zawiya or sabl at the center of the
courtyard. The stone arches that define the perimeter of the
courtyard still stand at ground level, and much of the structure
of the first floor also survives. The fagade was restored in 2003
by the FAP.
Plan. SCAArchlve
Map sheet
20and2

References: Pauty 1936, 33, Aalund 1980, 40, Badr and Crecius 1995,
133-49: ARCEfEAP 1996b; ARCE/EAP 2004b
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA
1915-19, 781; BCCMAA 1946-53, 200

AH1175 / AD1762

'Ayesha, a descendant of Husayn, came to Egypt in

AD762; this is her cult center, which has been
10
rebuilt many times over the centuries. The current
listing seems to apply to the mosque that was built
on this site by 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda in 1762, now demol
ished. The present mosque was built in 1895. For the purposes
of this catalogue, the building has been placed in the category
of demolished monuments.
Map sheet

Plan: SCAArchive

References. Pauty 1936, 12: Semeh 1946, 92-96; Raymond 1972, 247 (no.
21.);
al-Amrouss 1994, 38-49
Listng and conservation. BCCMAA 1915-19, 796; BCCMAA 1920-24, 49,
95-96, 258, 373: BCCMAA
1930-32, 52-53

382

396
Wikala and sabil of 'Abbas Agha
AH1106 / AD1694
wikala for coffee merchants, of which
a
was
Map sheet This
only the first section of the arched stone entrance
survives. Although the building was classified in its
entirety in 1930-32, the interior of the monument
is now occupied by a modern school.
Plan. SCAArchive (portal only)
References. Pauty 1936, 33: Scharabi 1978, 161: Raymond and Wiet 1979.
260-61 (no. 1); Raymond 1979a, 259 (no 62), Aalund 1980, 39;
Meinecke 1980a, 101,Hathaway 1994, 303 and n, 45, 308
Listin and conservation. BCCMAA 1915-19, 785; BCCVdAA 1930-32, 32
(classification), 248-49; BCCMAA 1936-40, 19-20

Mosque of Sulayman Agha al-Silahdar

AH1253-55 /AD 1837-39
Map sheet This intricately planned and ornately decorated com
plex Includes the gateway to the Harat al-Bargawan
18
behind, a marble-fronted sabil, integrated ablutions
area, storage facilities, a raised mosque with fore
court, and a minaret The founder was a principal minister of
Muhammad 'All, in charge of the arsenal, who also appropriated
or built several wilkalas in the area (see no, 604 and Ul). The
building was closed after the 1992 earthquake and is scheduled
to reopen in 2004 after a lengthy restoration by the SCA.
Plan:Mostafa 1992, 394. A split is shown between the upper level (the
mosque) to the north, and the ground floor (ablutions court and sabii)
to the south
References- Pauty 1936, 20, 26; Seton-Wiiiiams and Stocks 1988, 233;
Behrens-Abouseif 1989, 167; Jaubert 1995, 206-7
Listing and conservation BCCAA 1915-19, 791: SCA2002, 263-74

150

DESCRIPTIVE

CATAl

O0G11F

397
Wikala and sabil of al-Naqadi
AH1027 /AD 1618
wikala under
Mapsheet Raymond and Wiet (1979) mention this
the name 'al-Maghrabr' indicating the presence of
19
traders from Morocco The stone structure of the
wikala is intact at ground-floor level and is current
ly used as a workshop for making sacks. The sabil is located to
the east of the entrance to the wikala and has an elaborately
decorated wooden ceiling, as well as traces of an original inlaid
marble floor. It has been restored and now serves as an office of a
nongovernmental organization for the Gamallya area. The whole
building was deregistered and then subsequently re-registered
as a monument (without aspecific number) in 1984. The number
given here is that of the 1947 Index.
Plan- CMP Survey

References Pauty 1936, 33; Scharabi 1978, 161,Raymond 1979a, 246 (no.
15); Raymond and Wiet 1979, 281 (no 212), Aalund 1980. 39
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1915-19, 789, BCCMAA 1933-35, 26,
32 (classification), 39 ,

401
Sabil-kuttab of Tusun Pasha
Al 1236 / AD1820
This building is oe of a pair of commemorative
sabils in the Turkish style built for deceased sons
of Muhammad 'Ali.The other, for Isma'il (no, 402), is
located on the Bayn al-Qasrayn. The decoration of
the sabil-in wood, metal, marble, and painted plaster-is lavish
and rococco. Particularly noteworthy are the bronze grilles, th9
wooden projecting eaves, the marble inscription plaques, and
the wooden dome over the sabil room. Atwo-story school, with
a suite of rooms, flanks the sabil. Restoration of the building,
by the EAP, was completed in 2003, during the course of
which a large cistern beneath the sabil was discovered.
Map sheet

398
Wikalat Bazar'a
Late eleventh century AH / seventeenth century AD
This building is one of the rare wikalas that preserves its upper
demoliMap shneetstories relatively intact. It was saved from
tion in 1974. Raymond and Wiet (1979) list it under
Ms
the name 'Hasan Katkhuda Abu Shanab and the
Description de ltgypte under the name 'al-Kihiyal
This wikala was the subject of a detailed study and project pro
posal by the architect Fleming Aalund in the late 1970s. The
building was restored by the SCA In 2000
Plan. Meinecke 198Da, 122
References: Pauty 1936, 33, Scharabi 1978, 162; Raymond and Wict 1979,
276 (no. 163), Aalund 1980. 3E-36; Leemhuis 1980: Meinecke 1980a,
119-39
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1915-19, 786: BCCMA4A 1930-32, 33
1936-40, 1B-20; Aalund 198D, 39-41, C
(classification), OCCMAA
Williams 2002, 464

(399)
Wikalat al-Firakh
Eighth century (?)AH/ Fourteenth century (?) AD
The wikalat al-Firakh was originally constructed by Sultan
of the waqf of
Ma sheet Barquq and subsequently became part
in the
located
was
It
Muhammad.
Bey
Sulayman
18
Gamallya, oppposite the entrance to the Harat alGuwanrya, which was known also as the Harat alRum (not to be confused with the better-known Harat al-Rum
near the Bab Zuwayla). The building was delisted and destroyed
in the 1950s.

20

Plan. EAP
References. Mantran 1972, 219-21; Seton-WiLliams and Stocks 1988, 27D
1927-29, 6,
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1915-19, 700: OCCMAA
BCCMAA 1946-53, 334: ARCE]EAP 2C03

402
Sabil-kuttab of Ismail Pasha
AD1244 1AD1828
The site of this building was previously occupied
by a Mamluk funduq. It is one of two sabils built
by Muhammad 'Ali in commemoration of his dead
sons. This example was built for his third son,
Isma'l, who was murdered in the Sudan in AD1822 (for the
other, commemorating Tusun, see no. 401). The fagade shows
a profound Ottoman influence in the design and detailing of
the highly ornate rococco-style marble and metalwork. The
sabil, together with the large school that is attached to it,
was restored by the SCA in 2002-2004, when the large cistern
beneath the building was rediscovered.

sheet
M~ap
19

Plan. None
References Raymond and Wiet 1979, 234 (no 10),and 269 (no. 93)
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1915-19, 791, BCCMAA 1930-32, 12

Plan SCA Archivc (partial)

References- Pauty 1936, 26, Mantran 1972, 222-23; Seton-Ailliams and
Stocks 1988, 243; Denoix et al, 1999,11:21-22
Listng and conseratron. CCMAA 1925-26, 85; SCA2002, 152-54,
294-300, 402-8

(400)

(403)

Manzil in the waqf al-Haramayn

Fagade of the wikalat al-Lawand

Tenth century AH/ Sixteenth century AD

Mapsheet This house was located in the 'Atfat al-Busta, alSikkat al-Gedida (Musk), near Midan al-Husayn. It
13
was apparently first classified in 1894, but escaped
mention in the Herz index of 1914. It is today
demolished, and the exact position of the structure, which
included a fine qa'a with a malqaf, remains uncertain. The
approximate location is indicated here.

Before Al 1120 ( AD1708

Plan Sections and plan in BCCMAA 1909

References: Pauty 1933b, 55, 56; Jaubert 1995, 197
Listing and conservation: 8CCMAA 1894, 21-22; BCCMAA 1895, 77; 3CCMAA 1898, 134, SCCMAA 1908, 41; BCCMAA 1909, 77, 136

The fagade ofthis large wikala was listed until 1929,

but today has been demolished-or so extensively
rebuilt as to be unidentifiable. Photographs in the
SCA archive show corbels of an impressive size
supporting the upper floors.
Map sheet
19

PMan.None
References. Raymond and Wiet 1979, 280 (no, 207); Meinecke and
Meinecke-Berg 1980, 34 n 23; Denoix et al. 1999, 11:23-24
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1915-19. 786, BCCMAA 1927-29,
168-69

D ESC R I PT IV E DECIA.V 0AC UE

151

(404)

Hawd of Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda

407

House fagade at nos. 17, 19, and 20,

Before AH1179 / AD1765

Shari' al-Khiyamiya

Map sheet This hawd was delisted and destroyed after 1951 inthe
clearance for the Salah Salim highway. It consisted of
10
two arches, with a room behind them, and closely
resembled 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda's surviving hawd
inShari' al-Mahgar to the northwest of the Citadel (see no. 260).

Eleventh century AKI Seventeenth century AD

This fagade on the eastern side of the Gasabat

sheet
Map
Radwan Bey comprises a rab' with shops below. It is

21
stylistically so similar to the adjacent constructions
of Radwan Bey as to suggest that it was built under
his patronage

PIon. Survey of Egypt 1:500 Cadastral Plan

References. Sameh 1946, 106, Raymond 1972, 251 (no, 32); Raymond
19a, 282 (no. 112)
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1900, 26; BCCMAA
1909, 115 [decias
sification); BCCMAA
1915-19, 796; BCCMM
1930-32, 45-46, 49-50,
132-33

405
Sabil-kuttab of I-asan Katkhuda
AH1113 lAD 1701

ap sheet The builder of this sabil-kuttab, integrated into an

apparently contemporaneous, unregistered wikala

(U112), was a member of the 'Azaban corps of the
Ottoman army. The window grille of the sabil
and
the door onto the street are surrounded by ornate stone strap
work, and the grille has a fine marble inscription placed above
it The arches of the kuttab survive, although the rafraf has
disappeared. The eastern Wall of the building appears to be
either rebuilt or a party wall, an indication that more of the
same complex may have once stood to the east.
Plan: SCA Archive

Plan None
References Pauty 1933b, i (no 33)
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1915-19, 782: BCCMAA 1930-32, 66

408
Qasaba of Radwan Bey (eastern side,
including the fagade onto Midan Bab Zuwayla)

Eleventh century An I Seventeenth century AD

Map sheet
21

17

References: Pauty 1936, 23; Raymond 1979a, 261-62 (no. 59); SetonWilliams and Stocks 1988, 335
Listing and conservation. BLUMAA 1915-19, 799, 8CCAA 1927-29, 189

(classification)

406
Qasaba of Radwan Bey (western side,
including the favade onto Midan Bab Zuwayla)
Eleventh century AHI Seventeenth century AD
The gasaba of Radwan Bey isCairo's last surviving cov
ered street-once a common typology. Various parts of
the mid-seventeenth-century development are listed
separately (see nos. 365, 407, 408, and 409). The build
ing iscomposed of double-height dwelling units cantilevered over
shops at street level. This particular listing
covers the western
extension of the shop and living units from the main covered street,
and it includes an independent house unit on the northwestern cor
ner. The upper portions of the building were long derelict until a
partial restoration was completed by the SCA in2003.
Plan:

CMP Survey
sheet
Map
21

References: Pauty 1933b, 81 (no 33), Raymond 1979b. 120-21; Behrens-

Abouseif 1994, 170-71

Listing and conservation* BCCMAA
1915-19, 782, BCCMAA 1930-32, 60,
66 (item c),224, 232; BCCMAA 1933-35, 25. 37. 143, 157, BCCMAA
1941-45, 191,205, 252

152

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

This section of Radwan Bey's complex follows the

typical structure of dwelling units over shops found

in the facing block (no. 406), with the addition of a
small zawiya built into the plan at ground level. It

also includes a separately accessed residential block, with a

common faoade, immediately to the north of the mosque of
Mahmud al-Kurdi (no, 117). The dwelling units are occupied
and were in the process of renovation in 2004.
Plan- CMP Survey
References. Pauty 1933b, 81 (no. 33), Raymond 1979b, 120-21; Behrens-

Abouseif 1994, 170-71

Lasting and conservotion: SCCMM 1915-19, 782, BCCMAA 1930-32, 60, 66
item b),146-47, 164, 224, 232;

BCCMAA
1933-35, 25, 37,

148, 157

(409)
Fagades to the south of the zawiya
of Farag ibn Barquq
Eleventh century Al I Seventeenth century AD
The original listing must refer to the facade of the
block immediately to the south of the sabil and
zawiya of Farag ibn Barquq (no. 203), which was
rebuilt by the ComitS in 1929. This block contains
a separate house unit in its southwestern corner and forms
part of the original development of Radwan Bey (see nos.
406-408). A restored street-covering spans to the western
section of the complex (no, 406). All the units in this northern
block of the Radwan Bey's development are derelict, and the
original facade of the block facing the mosque of al-Mu'ayyad
Shaykh was truncated by the widening of the street in the
early part of the twentieth century.
Plan:CMP Survey / SCAArchive
Map sheet
21

References Panty 1933b, 81 (no. 33); Hanna 1989, 61-67; Hanna 1991,
99-101

Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1915-19, 782

410

(414)

Hammam of al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh

AHB23 / AD1420

Mosque of al-Khalawati

This bathhouse had over its disrobing room the

largest stone dome of any bathhouse in Cairo, sup

ported or massive squinches. It was built as part of
Sultan al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh's development of the
site, which included his mosque (no. 190) The interior is
flooded with water, making access impossible, it can best be
viewed from the sports club behind the mosque of al-Mu'ayyad
Shaykh. Only half of the dome survives; the whole structure
was heavily restored by the Comit6.
Maosheet
21

Plan Courtesy Dr. Atef Fahim

References. Pauty 1929,148 and pl vi.24. Pauty 1933a, 56; Meinecke 1992,
II 323; Warner 2002. 62
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1892, lOG(ciassification); BCCMAA
1900, 66; BCCMAA 1915-19, 121-23, 421, 701,773, 781; BCCMAA
1920-24, 96; CCMAA 1927-29, 5,92-93: BCCMAA 1936-40, 15, 57,
104, BCCMAA 1941-45, 290, 321, SCCMAA 1946-53, 46

411
Wikala and sabil-kuttab

of Garnal al-Din al-Dhahabi

AH1047 /AD 1637

Map sheet This wikala, apparently used by cloth merchants,
was built by Gamal al-I)in al-Dhahabi, agold mer
19
chant whose house (no. 72) is located near Bab
Zuwayla. The wikala, though small, gives a very
good impression of the typical structure of such buildings,
which in this case was built together with a sabil-kuttab.
Plan SCA Archive
References: Pauty 1936, 24 (Sabil): Scharabl 1978, 161,Raymond 1979a,
250 [no. 27); Raymond and Viet 1979, 287 (no 73), Aalund 1980, 40,
Denoix et al. 1999, 1155
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1915-19, 787; BCCMAA 1927-29, 168,
188: BCCMAA 1936-40, 20; BCCMM 1941-45. 317; SCA2002,
189-92

413
Qubba of Shaykh 'Abdallah
Tenth century ANJ Sixteenth century AD
The dome of this small tomb, nestled within a modern mosque, is composed of rendered brick exter
nally, but of stone within, supported on flat muqar
nas squinches. The mihrab is oriented some forty
degrees off the geometry of the tomb itself and is set in one
corner of the space.
Map shet
10

Plan CMP Survey

References None
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1915-19, 796: BCCMAA 1930-32, 133

AH1173 / AD1759

Although this building still appears on the Index of

Monuments, it has in fact been destroyed. a new
apartment building and mosque now stand on the
site. The original mosque belonged to the Khalawati
order of Sufis and had a prominent minaret on Shari' Bur Said. It
was endowed in the eighteenth century by the eunuch Dawud
Agha. Anearby wikala, of earlier date (U79), bears the same name.
Mapsheet
29

Plan SCAArchive

References' Behrens-Abouseif 1994, 207-8

Listng and conservation: BCCMAA 1915-19, 807

(417)
Tomb of Sangar al-Gamaqdar
AH710 ! AD1310

Map sheetThis building, known also as the mosque of al

Kurdi, was located at no, 26, Shari' al-Rugbya. Its
24
inscriptions are now in the Islamic Museum It was
destroyed prior to 1951.
Plan- None
References Creswell 1919, 87-B8, Meinecke 1992, 11109
Listng and conservation* BCCMA 1901, 108-9 (translation of inscription)
BCCAA 1910, 16, B1CCAA 1911,50-51; BCCMAA 1920-24, 393-94,
BCCMAA 1925-26, 70

420
Sabil of Hasan Agha Arzingan
AH1246 fAD1830
original
This sabil was moved by the Comitd from its
emplacement further to the west as part of a road
28
widening project. It now stands in isolation, with a
small garden in front of it. The decorated stone
fagade with wooden eaves has a gentle bow-fronted form with
three cusped arches around the sabil's bronze grilles; a marble
inscription surmounts the central arch.
Map shee

Plan SCAArchive

References. Mantran 1972, 223-24

1930-32, 11;
1915-19, 778, BCCA4AA
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA
BCCMAA 1933-35, 26, 39

(421)
Sabil, hawd, and manzil of Kuri 'Abdallah
A 1145 / AD1732-33

This was one of the few examples in Cairo of a sabil

Mlapsheet
and hawd built in conjunction with a house. The
14
sabil (with its inscription) and the hawd still exist
at ground level, although they are now occupied by
shops The rest of the house has been demolished.
Plan None
References Pauty 1933b, B1(no. 32), Raymond 1979a, 267 (no. 75)
Lrsting and conservation: BCCMAA 1902, 48 (not classified); BCCMAA
1915-19, 779, BCCMAA 1930-32, 134, BCCMAA 1933-35, 330

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

153

(422)

Wikalat al-Nasharin

Before An 1216 / AD1800

Map sheet This wikala, which is also known as the wikala of

1219, 13 Sultan inal, is shown on the 1.5000 Map of

Mohammedan Monuments but is not indexed The
and 20
building had been deregistered by 1951 and was
subsequently demolished.

has fine carved stone details and is relatively undamaged. Any

remaining structure in the courtyard isobscured by accretions.
The wikala was registered in the early 1930s.
Plan CMP Survey
References. Walz 1977; Scharabi 1978, Raymond and Wiet 1979, 271(no
111]; 180; Aalund 1980, 4a; Meinecke 1992.1[1:469
Lustng and conservation BCCVA 1915-19, 778:BCCM4A 1930-32, 66; SCA
2002, 136-40

Plan' None

426

References, Raymond and VJiet 1979, 241 (no 7) Meinte and MeineckeBerg 1980, 33 and 34 n. 24
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1915-19, 781; BCCMAA 1920-24, 259;
BCCMAA 1927-29, 7, 198; BCCMAA 1946-53, 188, 190

423
Wikalat al-Sanadqiya
AHI 1100 1 AD1688-89

The doors of this wikala were registered in the early

1930s. Portions of the rendered-brick fagede, which
overhangs at first-floor level, still survive to their
full height. The square-headed portal, doors, and
vaulted entrance also survive, although the wikala's interior
was demolished in the IS90s
Map sheet
20

Minaret and mosque of 'Ali al-Amri

Tenth century AH/ Sixteenth century AD
Map sheet The builder of the large Mamluk-style minaret
attached to this mosque is unrecorded. The mosque's
28
southern fagade appears to have traces of the origi
nal stonework, but the building itself ismodern, with
the exception of the simple stone mihrab (perhaps also an orig
inal feature) and the nineteenth-century tomb of 'All al-Amri in
the southeastern corner, which has a plastered-timber dome.
Plan; CMP Survey
References: Seton-Wdlliams and Stocks, 343
Listing and conservatron.BCCMAA 1915-19, 776

(427)

Plan. CMP Survey (portal only]

References Raymond and Viet 1979, 275 (no 152) Melnecke and
Memecke-Berg 1980, 31 and 34 n 13
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1915-19, 780; BCCMAA
1920-24, 259;
BCCMAA 1930-32, 67

(424)

The favade of this wikala was listed from 1921 to

1931. Raymond and Viet (1979) locate in this posi

tion the wikalat al-Hamzawi al-Saghir. The groin
vaulted stone entrance passage survives, as do traces
of the arches surrounding the original courtyard.
20

Plan: CMP Survey (portal only)

References Raymond and Wiet 1979, 275 (no 152). Meinecke and
Meinecke-Berg 1980, 31and 34 n 13
Listing and conserrntron- BCCMAA
1915-19, 780, BCCMAA 1920-24, 259,

BCCMAA
1930-32, 67

425
Wikalat al-Gallaba
Tenth century AH/ Sixteenth century AD
This wikala was famous as the location for the slave
market of Cairo until the nineteenth century It
originally had two courtyards, the second of which
was destroyed by the cutting of Shari' al-Muski.
Little remains of the building except traces of the entry fagade
at ground level and the vaulted entrance portal. The main entry
Map shee
28

154

AH1147 l AD1735

This deregistered Ottoman sabil-kuttab has amarble

inscription on its northern face. The building appears
28
to have once been attached to a larger wikala to the
west, The sabil has been turned into a shop, and the
upper story is derelict, although the roof isstill intact.
Map sheet

Fayade of the wikala in

the waqf of al-Matyali
Eleventh century AN/ Seventeenth century AD
Mapsheet

Sabil-kuttab of Muhammad Katkhuda

al-Dawudli or 'Umar Gawish

DESCRI PTIVF

CATALOGUE

Plan' CMP Survey

References. Pauty 1936, 23; Raymond 19790, 269 (no. 80)
Listing and conservatfon BCCMAA 1915-19, 779, BCCMA4 1946-53,
58-59, 61

428
Madrasat al-Kamiliya
Mapshee

AH622 1 AD1225
Most of the site of what was the first two-iwan

madrasa in Cairo, built by al-Malik al-Kamil (the

nephew of Salah al-Din), is now occupied by the
unlisted elevated mosque of IHasan al-Sha'rawi
Katkhuda, which was constructed in AD1752. The brick arch of
the western iwan, once visible from the roof of the Bashtak
Palace (no. 34), was essentially all that remained of the work of
al-Kamil; it collapsed in 1998.
Plan: creswell 1959, 81
Refercnecs. Creswell 1922, 31-32; Creswell 1959, 80-83, Seton-Williams
and Stocks 19B8,239; Jaubert 1995, 190, Sayyid 1998, 247-48, 301;
Denoix et al. 1999, 11-25
O'Kane 2000, 161-62
19

Listing and conrservoton. BCCMAA 1894, 56; BCCMAA 1903, 49; BCCIvMAA
1904, 7, 67, B1; BCCMAA 1915-19, 764; BCCMAA 1927-29, 169;

(434)

1941-45, 172, 185. 276, BCCMAA

SCCMAA 1930-32, 223: BCCMAA
1946-53, 98

(429)
Sabil of Salim Agha
Map sheet

11

AH 1166 / AD1753
This small Ottoman sabil, which was demolished in
urban clearance outside the Fatimid walls during
the 1940S, was located immediately outside the
Bab al-Nasr.

Plan. None
References. Raymond 19798, 274 (no. 93)
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1903, 30 [item c); BCCMAA 1915-19,
791, BCCMAA 1930-32, 33

(431)

Wikala of Abu'1 Rus

AH1131 /AD1718-19
This wikala seems to have started out as the khan
al-Hagar in the fifteenth century; it was enlarged
into the wilkalat al-Danusharn in the eighteenth
19
century, and ended up with its present name in the
twentieth century It was deregistered in 1931. The portal is
intact but obscured by shops, leading into a courtyard occupied
by intrusive structures; the outline of the enclosure isjust visible.

The upper floors are rebuilt,

Mapsheet

Plan Institut Frangais diArchologie Orientale 1989 (unpaginated)

References- Raymond and Wiet 1979, 267-68 (no. 75), Meinecke and

Meinecke-Berg 1980, 34 n. 19; Institut Frangeis d'Archeologie

Orientale 1989, Denoix et al 1999, 11:9-10
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1915-19, 785; BCCMAA 1930-32, 33

Fagade of zawiyat al-Tabbakh

Twelfth century (7)AH/ Eighteenth century (7)AD
sphee This zawiya, which was destroyed prior to 1951, was
Map
formerly located at no. 33, Harat al-Kushqadam.
Surviving photographs in the SCA archive show an
13
undistinguished stone fagade.
Plan: None
References. Nane
Listing and conscNcton BCCMAA 1915-19, 783

(435)
Manzil in the waqf of Ibrahim Effendi Shenan
Twelfth century An / Eighteenth century AD

Located inthe 'Atfat al-'Inani off Shar' al-Magharbellin,

Map sheet this building was deregistered between 1927 and 1929.
It isa well-preserved example of an Ottoman rab', with
four dwelling-units located over workshops approached
through a doorway framed by decorative stone strapwork.
Plan* CMP Survey

433

References None
1915-19, 779; BCCMAA 1927-29, 197
Listing and conservation BCCMAA

Wikala and sabil in the waqf al-Haramayn

Eleventh century and AH1272 / Seventeenth century
and AD1856
wikala is certainly anterior to that
this
of
Aptsheet The date
must
2and 19 given in the Index of Monuments, which
apply to the structure's late Ottoman first-floor
addition, accessed by a stair to the north. The
wikala s facade, including that of its first floor, is intact: the
door of the main entrance even preserves a massive wooden
lock. The ground floor is still in use as a warehouse, and the
structure is generally free of accretions and is clearly visible.
This wilkala may, in fact, be the wikala of Gafar al-Kabir for
coffee merchants, dating to the seventeenth century It should
not be confused with another wikala of the same name (no.
[5981) located in Shari' Khan Abu Takiya. The sabil-kuttab is
located immediately to the south of the wikala's main entrance.
Plan. CIP Survey
References Pauty 1936,26 (sabil): Raymond and Wiet 1979, 271 (no 108);
Aalund 1g8, 40: Jaubert 1995, 207

Listing and conservation. SeeAalund 1980, 40

436
Sabil, mosque, and tomb of Shaykh Ramadan
AH1175 / AD1762
alThis complex was originally constructed by 'Abd
Rahman Katkhuda, whose decorative style can be
seen in the two cusped molded arches on the north
ern fagade fronting the tomb chamber. There is no
evidence of the sabil today, and only the base of the minaret
survives.The tomb chamber issurmounted by a plastered dome.
The interior (In2000 had been recently refurbished.

Map sheet
28

P!an:Sameh 1946, 83

References: Pauty 1936, 25 (sabii): Sameh1946, 83-87; Raymond 1972,

245-46, Raymond 1979a, 280 (no. 204)

Listingand conservation. BCCMAA 1915-19, 807

(437)
House of Shaykh Sayim
Twelfth century AH/ Eighteenth century AD
This fine courtyard house, known also as the manzi
the
of 'Abd al-Gawad al-Ansari, was demolished in
sheet

1a
clearance for the al-Azhar University campus in the
1950s. A photograph of the courtyard, showing a
well-preserved double-arched maq'ad, is published in Pauty
1933b (pl. xxiva).

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

155

Plan None

References. Panty 1933b, 80 (no. 25)

Listing and conservatron. BCCMAA 1915-19, 791: BCCMAA 1930-32, 145,

1936-40, 110,114
164, 167; BCCMAA

(439)
I-louse and qa'a in the waqf of al-'Abbar
Twelfth century (?)
AR/ Eighteenth century (7)AD
This house, located in the Harat al-Godarlya alKabira, was known also by the name 'al-Sitt
Manwar' In addition to the ga'a mentioned in the
listing, it also contained a maq'ad. The house is now
demolished, and its exact position is uncertain, Its approximate
location is indicated on the map sheet
Mapsheet
20

Plan. None
References: None
Listing and conservation:
BCCMAA 1909, .8-49; BCCMAA
1915-19, 775,
BCC4 1930-32, 27, 122-23, 204; BCCMAA 1925-26, 16, BCCMAA
1911,17, 101: BCCMAA
1920-24, 325

(440)

445
House of Sitt Wasila'
An 1046 / AD1637
Lizine (1972a) notes the existence in this court
yard house of an inscription dating its foundation
to AD 1637-some thirty years prior to its occupa
tion by Sit Wasila'. The house (undergoing
restoration, 2001-2004) has a maq'ad and a large qa'a on the
first floor. Excavations in the courtyard have revealed the pres
ence of a Fatimid period fountain, suggesting an even earlier
period of domestic use. The house stands immediately adjacent
to that of 'Abd al-Rahman al-Ilarrawi (no. 446)
Map sheet
13

Plan. Maury et al 1983, 185

References Pouty 1933b, 80 (no 26); Pauty 1936, 37, Lrine 1972a, 33-45:
Maury et al. 1983, 180-8B, Jaubert 1995, 199
Listing and conservator BCCMAA 1895, 84; BCCMAA
1897, 92; BCCMAA
1898, 127-28, BCCMAA
1901, 24, 77-73, BCCMA4 1915-19, 782, BCC
MAA
1920-24, 360; BCCMAA
1925-26, 16, 30; BCCMAA
1930-32, 145,
163, 175, 199; BCCMAA
1933-35, 26, 39, 148, 158, 172, 180, 227,
BCCMAA 1936-40, 57; BCCMAA1946-53, 81, 192, 208: BIFAO 86
(1986), 369-70, 8FAO 89 (1989), 315; SCA2002. 94-97, 302-10

Maq'ad of Qaytbay
ca. Al 896 / AD1490
Map sheet This imposing maq'ad was part of a palace, which
also went under the name 'Oaracholi House; locat
23
ed to the west of the madrasa of Sultan Hasan,
close to Shari' Muhammad 'Ali. It was demolished in
1924, after a legal battle that was lost by the Comit . The
Bulletin of 1915-19 reports that Gaytbay's construction incor
porated elements of a more ancient foundation. A photograph
of the maq'ad can be found in the Bulletin of 1920-24 (pl.x).
Plan. None

References: None
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1915-19, 740-41, 802, BCCMAA
1920-24, 143, 236-38 (declassification), 407

(443)
Parts of the house of Gawhar Agha
Twelfth century AnI Eighteenth century AD
Mapsheet This house, now demolished, was located at no. 7,
30s
IeeHarat Ismall Pasha, Darb al-Gamamiz, Pauty
(1933b) remarks that it was only the stone fagade
of the building that had any architectural interest.
Plan; None
References: Pauty 1933b, 89 [no 52)
Listing and conseraotion. BCCMAA 1915-19, 793

446
House of 'Abd al-Rahman al-Harrawi
AH1144

AD 1731

This is a fine Ottoman courtyard house with two

large qa'as on the ground floor and another on the
first floor. The entrance to the house, as well
as part of the building above it, is a nineteenth
century rebuilding. The house was restored jointly by the
Mission de Sauvegarde des Monuments du Caire Islamique of
the IFAO and the SCA and is now used frequently for concerts,
special events, and as a base for visiting architectural studios.
Map sheet
13

Plan Maury et al. 1983, 192

References: Panty 1933b, 80 (no. 27) Maury et al 1983, 188-204, Jaubert
1995, 200
Usting and conservation. BCCMAA1915-19, 773; BCCMAA1925-26,
31-32, BCCMAA 1946-53, 297; BIFAO 19BG, 369-70; BFAO 1987,
318-20; )!FAO 1988, 221-22; B1FA0 1989, 315, B/FAO 1990, 409,
BIFAC1991, 322, BlFAO 1992, 281; BF40 1993, 493

(447)
Sabil-kuttab of 'Usman 'Abdallah
Roq'et al-Qamh
AH 1125 / AD1713
This sabi was demolished in the clearance that
took place prior to the construction of the al-Azhar
13
University campus. Comit Bulletin reports identify
this as the sabil of 'ithman Bira and state that it
was attached to the buildings of the mosque of al-Azhar. It is
here situated approximately in the street called Roq'et al-Gamh
to the east of the mosque.
-

Plan None

References: Pauty 1936, 23, Raymond 1979a, 262-63 (no, 62)

156

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

Lssuig and conservton SCCMAA 1915-19,

777, BCCMAA 1933-35, 331;
BCCMAA
1936-40, 115;BCCMA4 1946-53, 93-94,

(453)

96

Wikala of Shaykh 'Abud al-Mana'ifa

448

Eleventh century ATI Seventeenth

century AD
kap sheertThis formerly listed wikalawas demolished for the
20
construction of Shari' al-Azhar. It was probably
located at no 16, Hart al-Sab
Qaat al-Oibliya,

Mosque and sabil

of Shaykh Muhammad al-Ghurayib

AH 1168 / AD1754

This complex originally contained, in addition

to
the mosque and satil, a watering trough and kut
tab (the latter is no longer in evidence) It was
built
for Shaykh Muhammad al-Girurayib by 'Abd
alRahman Katkhuda. The main entrance, with
a muqarnas hood
portal, lies on the northern side of the building.
Situated today
within the compound of al-Azhar University,
the mosque is
heavily used and has been substantially
rebuilt inside.

Map shee

associated with atomb of the some name

Plan Nosne
References. Raymond and W/et 1979,
281 (no 215]
Lishng and conercalrn. SCOMAA
7911,
21, SCCMAA
1915-19, 773

(457)
1louse in the waqf of Ibrahim Agha

Plan.Saeth 1946
References Sameh 1946, 69-62: Raymond
1972, 241; Raymond 1979a, 276
(no 96). Ismg and conseration BCCMAA
1915-19, 775; BCCMAA
1930-32, 32; BCAA 1933-35, 389, 393,
BCCMAA
1936-40 , 112

AH1062 /AD 1652

Mapsheet Itseems that thisbuilding was reassigned the

number 595, having initially
been registered as no.
457 (nos 33-41, Darb al-Ahmar). Photographs of
the house in Pauty 1933b) show
a large range of
buildings (more a rab' than a house)
with an imposing facade
of many nashrabrya windows looking onto the
Barb al-Ahmar.
The buildings were destroyed in the 1G6s.

(451)

Fagade of the mosque of al-Hifni

AH 1172

Plan

f AD 1759

Map set This

mosque, buit by 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda and
27

restored by the Ministry of Endowments in 1874,

was onginally adjacent to the Khalig
al-Masrl; it
was demolished in the clearance for the
construe
tion of Shari' Bur Said.
Plan. Smeh 1946
References. Pauty 1936, 11,Samaeh
1946, 75-79, Raymond 1972, 244;
uamarsy 1992. 57-58
Listing and conservcanont
DCCMAA
1904, 46 (not listed); JCCMAA
1908, 42
onatlisted), BCCA 1915-IS, 778; C/AMA
1933-39, 14, 308; BCCMAA 1846-53, 233, 240

452

House and sabil-kuttab

of the amir 'Abdallah

None

References, Pauty 1933b, 86 (ni. 42, s monument

no. 457j
Lstrng and conservafton. BCCMAA
1946-53, 1-2 171-7Z 175, 183, 185, 17

(458)
Khan Sa'id
AH920-21 / Ad 1515
biashee This monument, which served the spice
trade,
was

20

deregistered in 1949 and demolished in the late

twentieth century itoccupied nos
, 7, and 9
Shari' al-hamzawi.

Plan None
References. Raymond and Wiet 1979, 292
(no 309). Mermcke and
Meineeke-Ber9 1980, 31 ond34n, 11
Lstmny and conservation BCCMAA
1915-19, 783; BCCMAA
1933-35, 7,
14. BCCM4A
1945-53, 93, 95-96

AH1132/ AD1719

Map sheet This house isknown also as that of the Katkhuda

23
tAzaban a generic term for the officer in charge of

the 'Azaban troops of the

Ottoman army
Ifthe
house was indeed butt at the same time
as the
sabil-kuttab, this complex would be one of
the rare combina
tions

of a sabil-kuttab and residential

The build
ing Issubstantially derelict, although unit in Cairo.
the surviving decorative
Strapwork and tile sniay
suggests that the facade was once
quite elaborate.

Plan. SCAArchive

References Raymond 1979a,

265 Inn 69)

Listsg and conservaron BCCMAA
1915-19 796, BCCMAA
1927-29, 189
(eassifCaln BCCMAA1930-32, 132,
216-17. 233-34; BCCiAA
3946-53, 184

459
Mosque of 'Ali Abn al-Arabi and house
of Muhammad al-Mahrutqi
AH1196 (AD 1784

Mapsfteed

Muhammad
al-Mahrqi was an
Tmportantmerchant

in eighteenth-century Cairo.
All that remains of
what must have once been an extremely impressive
house isthe entrance portal and mashrabya
above
(a Comte restoration). Tie adjacent mosque
has a beautiful
carved stone fagade with inlaid-tile
panels. Two surviving cor
belsindicate that there was once
another story above the
mosque The interior structure is
columns, supporting two arcades. The based on four antique
qiba arcade still has its
original

painted ceiling, which isingood condition. There

saso

a timber dikka
and wooden screen around the shaykhs
tomb.
20

DESCHlPTIVE

CATALOGUE

157

Plan. CIMPSurvey
References. Pauty 1936, 12: Raymond 1967, 91-95
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA1915-19, 776; BCCMAA 1925-26,
30-31

460

a fine inlaid marble dado and milbrab, surmounted at its center

by a stone maqsura dome.
Plan SCAArchive
References Pauty 193B, 11;Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 254
Listing and conservation- BCCMAA
1915-19, 787, BCCMAA 1930-32, 46:
SCA2002, 145-46

Wikalat al-Sharaybi
Twelfth century AH] Eighteenth century AD
Map sheet This wikala's fine fagade is decorated with stone
bosses and carved double-headed axe motifs. The
20
complex was owned by a prominent coffee mer
chant, who also built the adjacent bathhouse (U30)
The courtyard's original arched-stone perimeter appears to
have been added to, with further stone piers and wooden
columns supporting an extended gallery at first-floor level. The
wikala is occupied by a variety of trades, and the first-floor liv
ing units are still inhabited despite the structure's extreme
dilapidation. The wikala was deregistered at some point after
1950, and was re-registered in 1984 in conjunction with the
adjacent bathhouse (U30) below. The prior registration number
is given here in the absence of any new number.
Plan. CMP Survey
References. Scharabi 1976, 163, Raymond and Ilet 1979, 292 (no. 313):
Aulund 1980, 40, Raymond 1995, 58
Listing and conservation- BCCMAA 1915-19, 780; UCCMAA1925-26,
1946-53, 77
30-31, BCCMAA

461
'Sabil-kuttab of Ahmad Effendi Salim
AH1111/ AD 1699

Map sheet
31

This unremarkable Ottoman sabil-kuttab appears to

have been disengaged from the urban block of

which it was once a part to assist in the creation of

an open space around it, which now resembles a
wasteland. The sabil has two original bronze grilles and an
intact marble inscription.

Plarn
SCAArchive

References Pauly 1936, 23; Raymond 1979a, 260 (no.53)

Listingand conservehon- BCCMAA 1915-19, 793; BCCMAA 1928-29, 140

462
Mosque of al-Gawhari and fagade

of the adjoining building

AH1261 / AD1845

Little is known about this Muhammad 'Ali-period

mosque. The entrance portal stands adjacent to
another fine carved-stone gateway that leads into
a domestic courtyard. It is probable that this isthe
,fagade that shares the listing. In the courtyard that precedes
the mosque is a saboI with a fine bronze grille and a drinking
spout. The mosque, with an Ottoman-style minaret, has arched
stone riwaqs supported on purpose-made marble columns,
carved with the royal crescent, with bronze collars. Within the
rilwaqs stand the cenotaphs of three shaykhs. The qibla wall has
Mapsheet

158

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGLE

463
Manzil of al-Sadat al-Wafa'iya
Tenth century AH; AH1010 and 1169 / Sixteenth century AD;
AD1679 and 1755
Map sheet The Wafa'iya family were an important religious

30

family who founded the Shadhili Sufi brotherhood

inthe fourteenth century. During the Ottoman peri
od, they were responsible, among other things, for

the moulid of Husayn and the waqf of the mosque of Husayn.

Members of the family are buried in their mosque at the foot
of the Muqattam Hills (monument no 608). The house was a
favorite subject of nineteenth-century artists, who were
attracted by the quality of the tilework within and the aston
ishingly intricate mashrabiya. The main entrance door to the
house courtyard is blocked, access is through a break to the
south. The rest of the building presents a sad picture of dere
liction, with broken windows and mashrabiya, tottering brick
parapets, and emergency scaffolding supporting seriously
endangered structural elements. The entire southern wall of the
main qa'a at ground-floor level has collapsed, together with
most of the ceiling. The famous upstairs ga'a is subsiding and
is now supported by scaffolding. A new concrete school block
intrudes into what was once the courtyard. A conservation
project here was initiated by the SCA in 2004.
Plan Maury et al 1983, 262
References. Pauty 1936, 38, Maury et al. 1983, 269-67; Seton-Willians
and Stocks 1988, 346 Jaubert 1995, 201
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1915-19, 795, B37, BCCMAA
1930-32, 148, 169, 205; BCCMAA 1936-40, 351-57, 372-75,
378-79; BCCMAA 1941-45, 15, 293: RCCMAA 1946-53, 58-59, 61,
421, 423

(464)
Mosque of Ganem al-Tagir
AH871

/ AD1466

Map sheet This mosque, known also as the mosque of al-Almi,

once located to the west of the mosque of Ibn
31
Tulun, was founded by the amir Ganem al-Sharkasi
al-Tagir, a mamluk of Sultan al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh.
The site has been rebuilt with a new mosque and religious
school since it was deregistered.
Plan SCAArchive
References: Behrens-Abouseif-19B7, 182-83; Menecke 1992, 1L392
Listing and conservatnon: BCCMAA 1985, 1-2, BCCMAA 1889, 56-57;
BCCMAA 1915-19, 793, BCCMAA 1933-35, 112(declassification)

(465)
Mosque of al-Ghamri
AH850 / AD 1446

This famous Marnluk madrasa was built after the

death of the eponymous Shaykh al-Ghamr in An
1446 It was demolished in 1884; the minaret isthe
subject of one of David Roberts's lithographs. A
small fragment of the minaret base is still visible at ground
level, but the rest of the site isoccupied by a modern mosque
The original liturgical furniture from the mosque is now in the
Islamic Museum
Mapshee

fagades (hence the multiple listings; see also no. [469] below),

but this has sadly not been achieved.

Plan; CMP Survey

Rcferences: Raymond and Wiet 1979, 294 (no 331)

Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1915-19, 798, BCCMAA 1927-29, 189

(declassification): BCCMAA 1930-32, 271

25

(469)
Fagade of the houses next
to the sabil al-Tabtabay

1901, 60 (acquisition of stone carvings and liturgical

101-2, BCCMA4

Twelfth century (?)AH/ Eighteenth century (?)AD

These houses occupied nos. 11, 13, and 15, Shari' al
Ruqbiya. Nos. 13 and 15 are in fact part of the
24
facade of the wikala (see nos. 272 and [468]): no. 11
(now demolished) was a separate house.
Plan: None

1904,
furniture); BCCMAA 1902, 127-28, BCCMAA 1903, 74, BCCMA.A
42-43 80; BCCMAA 1906, 89, 96; BCCMAA 1908, 51; BCCMAA 1910,
37: BCCMAA 1915-19, 806

References None
Lusting nd coanservotion BCCMAA 1915-19, 798, BCCMAA 1927-29, 189
(declassification), BCCMAA 1930-32, 271

Plan: None
References Behrens-Abouself 1987, 180; Seton-Wiliams and Stocks 1988,

285, Memecke 1992, 1.359

Listing and conservation: RCCMAA

1882-83

(2nd ed.),43; BCCMAA 1900,

Map shee

466

(470)

Qa'a of al-Dardir

Sixth century AD/ Twelfth century AD

Map sheet This structure isall that remains of an early palace,
rebuilt in the Ottoman period. The precise dating of
13
the buiding has been a matter of dispute (summa
rized in O'Kane 2000). It has two iwans that are,
unusually, enclosed by tunnel vaults of plastered brick rather
than flat timber ceilings. The central lantern has collapsed. The
walls are made of stone; remains of a wooden inscription band
survive around the perimeterof the room.The plan represented on
map sheet 13 is archival, as many of the outlying sections of
the palace have now disintegrated. The ga'a
derives its name from
the shaykh who is buried nearby (see U29) and was registered
in 1927 In2000 it was occupied by a carpenter's workshop.

Manzil of 'Uthman 'Amara

and Zaynab Umm Ahmad

Plan: Revault and Maury 1975, 4

References Panty 1933b, 79 (no 22), Creswell 1952, 262-63, Fathy 1969,
136-37, 144i Lizine 1972b, 120-23, 130; Revault and Mary 1975,
1-10; Maury et al 1982, 80; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988. 287,
Jaubert 1995, 189-90; Sayyid 1998, 312-13; O'Kane 2000, 152-53
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1915-19, 77; BCf2MAA
1927-29, 101,
123, BCCMAA 1930-32, 144, 164, BCCMAA 1941-45, 110,151,185,
220, 240

Mapshee

14

Twelfth century AH/ Eighteenth century AD

The upper floor
of this
house,
which contained a
fine qa'a with a painted wood ceiling, was demol
ished in 1998, leaving only fragments of the ground
floor structure amid the rubble.

Plan. None
References None
Lsting and conservation BCCMAA 1915-19, 782, BCCMAA
1927-29, 193

471
House of Mustafa Ga'far
AH1125 /AD 1713
sheet Mustafa Ga'far was a coffee trader who operated
ap
M1p
from the nearby wikala of Dhulfiqar, or Udah
Basha (see no. 19). The house is arranged around
a courtyard with a large qa'a at ground level; it
was restored in 1998-2000 as part of the Darb al-Asfar
regeneration project.
Plan Maury et al 1983, 222

References. Pauty 1933b, 76 (no. 5), Abdul Tawwab and Raymond 1978,

(468)

Fagade of the wikalat al-Tabtabay

AH1047 /AD1637

This listing seems to have been for the wikala locat

ed at no. 23, Shari' al-Ruqbiya, immediately to the
north of the sabil al-Tabtabay [no. 272), with which
it [confusingly) shares the same name. A large por
tal flanked by elaborate stone corbels isall that survives of the
building. It isprobable that this section of the street was sub
ject to the Comitd's desire to preserve a coherent group of

Map sheet
24

177-93; Revault and Maury 1979, 111-121-32: Maury et al. 1983,

221-23, Seton-Willans and Stocks 1988, 234: Hassaballah 2001
Listng and conservation- BCCMAA 1915-19, 791, BCCMAA 1927-29, 169;
BCCMAA 1930-32, 142, 168; BCCMAA 1933-35, 2, 6, 148, 157, 171,
179, 182. 227: BCCMAA 1936-40, 15, 57, 104 BCCMAA 1941-45,
165-66, 173, 176,169, 237, 244, 340, 363, BCCMAA 1946-53, 12. 33,

46, 64, 86, 98, 132, 197; SCA2002, 199-212 (passim)

DESCRIPTIVE

C AATALO0GUE
lI

159

476

Mausoleum of Ragab al-Shirazi

AH781

Listig and conservation* BCCMAA

1911,131-32 (historical notice). BCCAMAA
1930-32, 2-3; BCCMAA
1941-45, 311,314, BCCMAA
1946-53, 140

/ AD1379

M shee This tomb appears to be located inside a polygonal

M
defensive stone tower, perhaps belonging to Salah
al-Din's defensive wall around Cairo (no. 307). The
dome is plastered brick. A marble inscription
mounted high on the fagade indicates that the tomb was built
by the amir (later sultan) Barquq. The tomb is now derelict and
has no visible means of access.
Plan-Kessler 1971
References: Meinecke 1992, II 261-62
Lsting and conservation: BCCMAA 1914, 66-67

477
Zawiya of Abu'1 Khayr al-Kulaybati

/ AD1021-38

south of the mosque of althe

to
Map sheet Sixty meters
Hakim (no. 15) stands this remnant, which Creswell
18
(1952) identifies as a gateway into the ziyada that
originally surrounded the mosque It may alterna
tively be considered as part of the city's first Fatimid wall,
which was approximately on this line. The surviving structure is
currently about two meters below ground level, and is occupied
by the tomb of a holy man, Abu'l Khayr al-Kulaybati
AH411-27

480

Mosque of Sa'id al-Su'ada

Thirteenth century Al I Nineteenth century AD

sheet This mosque isbuilt on the site of a Fatimid palace,
Miap
1 ap1], founded in the late eleventh century ADby Said, a
freed slave of Khalif al-Mustansir. Salah al-Din
andl2
chose the site for the first khanqah in Egypt, and it
became a major center for Sufism, known as the Salahya The
present structure appears to date to the nineteenth century,
perhaps incorporating traces of earlier buildings. The mosque
has an unusual plan, with four covered prayer halls arranged
around an open courtyard, accessed by a dog-legged corridor.
Of the three surviving halls, that to the south has arcades with
marble columns, while those to the east and west have stone
piers and arches. The collapsed northern section may have had
columns to match its southern counterpart. The bathhouse
attached to the mosque is commonly called the hammam alGamaliya (U4).
Plan- After SCA
Archive
References Seton-iIliams and Stocks 1988, 222: Meinecke 1992, 11,261
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1901, 105; BCCMAA 1915-19, 791;
RCCMAA
1930-32, 33

Plan. Creswell 1952, 115

References Creswell 1952, 115-17; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 233;
Sayyd 1998, 154, O'Kane 1999
1909, 73; BCCMM 1915-19, 684; BCC
Listing and conservation- BCCMAA
MAA 1920-24, 147, 255, 257-58, 279, 297, 359, BCCMAA
1925-26,
16-17; Pauty 1931b, 153 n. 2; BCC/MAA 1941-45, 19

(478)
Two tombs in the zawiyat al-Sutuhi
ca. AH700 (?)/ AD1300 [?)
Mapsheet This now-demolished zawiya was located at no. 18,
Darb al-Asfar; the tombs within it were reputedly
built during the time of Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad
(r.ca. AD1294-1340),
Plan None
References. None
Listing and conservaton:BCCMAA 1915-19, 791; BCCMAA 1920-24, 352

479
Fatimid mausoleum

Map sheet

18

AK527 / AD1133

This small domed brick structure with a projecting

mihrab is the only surviving Fatimid tomb within
the precincts of the city of al-Qahira. Its occupant
is unknown,

Plan SCAArchive
References. Creswell 1952, 227-28, Seton-Willanns and Stocks 1988, 225:
Sayyld 1998, 257-58

160

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

(481)
Fagade of the mosque of al-Bulqini
AH791 1 AD1389
This mosque, located in the Bayn al-Sayarig to the
east of the mosque of al-Hakim (no. 15), was built
18
during the Bahri Mamluk period for Shaykh 'Umar
bn Raslan al-Bulqini. A modern mosque stands on
the site today, the original building isknown to have possessed
a monumental muqarnas portal.
Map sheet

Plan None
References Meinceke 1992,11:278
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1889, 150, BCCMAA 1915-19, 786

482
Church of the Virgin, Harat Zuwayla
Fourth-twelfth century An / Tenth-eighteenth century AD
Map sheet This ancient complex comprises the Church of the
Virgin Mary with an attached convent, the Church
18
of St. Mercurius, and the Church of St. George. The
former is the oldest of these structures, with a
probable foundation date in the tenth century AD; most of the
visible structures, however, are eighteenth century From the
fourteenth century until 1660, it served as the seat of the
Coptic patriarchate. The church is located some four meters
below present ground level, which is further evidence for the
antiquity of the foundation.The plan of the church isbasilical,
with a narthex and three sanctuaries. The nave is lined with
antique columns, and the roof above it has a wooden barrel

vault The major problem affecting the church is water; it is

below the water table, and constant pumping is required to
avoid flooding.
Plan: Courtesy Prof Dr Saleh Lamel, Centre for Conservation and
Preserivation of Islamic Archrtectural Heritage
References: Butler 184, 1.271-78: Behrens-Abouseif 1986, 122-28 (pas
sim), Gabra 1993. 136-39
Listing and conservoaton: BCCi 1901, 66, 79; BCCMAA 1902, 47, 82,
124, BCCMAA 1903, 6-7; BCCMAA 1907, 99, 126: BCCMAA 1912, 66,
1915-19, 209, 546, 554, 642, 647, 698,
BCCAA 1913, 10, BCCMAA
774, 785: 8CCMAA 1927-29, 6. BCCMAA 1930-32. 178, 256; BCCMAA 1933-35, 14, 144, 160, 173, 181, BCCMAA 1936-40, 14, 334,
BCCMAA 1946-53, 138, 143,198, 299

483
Church of the Virgin, Harat al-Rum
Eighth (?)- thirteenth century AH/
Fourteenth (?)- nineteenth century AD
psheet This church, the seat of the Coptic Patriarchate
from AD1660 to 1799, was rebuilt in the nine
13
teenth century. It lies in acomplex of buildings that
includes the Church of St. George and the Convent
of St. Theodore The exact date of the foundation is unknown.

The present interior is composed of a series of parallel domes

and arches.

Plan: Centre for the Conservation and Preservation of Islamic Architectural

Heritage
References Butler 1884, 1278-B3; Behrens-Abousilf 1986, 122-28 (pas

sim); Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 269

Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1915-19, 776

(484)
Favade and door of wikala of al-Uqbi,
or Khan al-Fisqiya
Before An 901 / AD1496
Map sheet The portal of this Qaytbay-period wikala was listed
until 1933. Partially demolished and partially
20
derelict, this building has original doors leading to a
courtyard occupied by intrusive structures. The
favade is obscured by modern shopfronts.
Plan- None
References- Meinecke and Meinecke-Berg 1980, 31and 34 nB
Listing and conseNvation. BCCIAA 1915-19, 781; BCCMAA 1933-35, 7, 14

(485)

Mosque of Yahya In 'Aqab

AH 1047

AD1637

The entrance to this deregistered but significant

Mapshee
13 and20 Ottoman mosque is through a groin-vaulted pas
sageway, which leads to a long, narrow prayer
space, two arcades deep. The structure consists of
four antique reused columns, supporting a partially decorated
timber ceiling with a timber-domed roof-light, and a large
dikka. The mibrab has Ottoman moldings around it. The base

and first tier of the minaret also survive, and on stylistic

grounds would appear to be part of an earlier Mamluk founda
tion on the same site.
Plan. CMP Survey

References: None
Lising and conservation: BCCMAA 1915-19, 784

(486)
House in the waqf of al-Safti
Twelfth century [?) AHf Eighteenth century (?)AD
The location of this building at no. 30, Shari' al
Dardir, may be erroneously given in the Bulletin; a
nineteenth-century apartment block, built over in
concrete, occupies the plot.

pheet
13
Plan: None

References: None
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1915-19, 783

(487)
Fagades of houses in Shari' al-Dardir

Eleventh century AH/ Seventeenth century AD

Map sheet This listing was for three house fagades that still

form a picturesque urban compositlon: nos.16, 1B,

13
and 20, Shari' al-Dardir. Today, no. 16 is in fact the
wikala that is contiguous with the sabil-kuttab of
Khalil Effendi al-Muqati'gui (no. 71), although it isnamed after
a 'Mohamed al-Salawi' in the Bulletin of 1915-19. This build
ing isruined on its upper floors. The fagade of no. 18 is intact
up to a height of three stories, and isentered from a doorway
with athreshold of pharaonic spolia and a surround of decora
tive stone moldings. No 20 has been demolished down to cor
bel level. All three fagades are cantilevered over a very tall
ground story on exceptionally fine stone corbels.
Pan: None
References None
Listing and conservation, BCCMAA
1915-19, 779, 783

(488)

House in the waqf of al-Magharba

Eleventh-twelfth century AN/

Seventeenth-eighteenth century AD

Mapsheet This courtyard house, located at no. 5, Atfat al

Mawargi, off Shari' al-Dardir (also referred to as
13
Shari' al-Mawargi), has been demolished. Pauty
(1993a, pl. xxiia) published a photograph showing
the blocked triple-arched maqad and trilobed entrance portal
of the house.
Plan: None
References* Pauty 1933b, 79 (no. 21)
Listing and conservation, BCCMAA 1901, 84-85 (purchase of architectural
fragments for the Mus6e de I'Art Arabe), 128, BCCMAA 1915-19, 779:
BCCMAA 1930-32, 29, 144, 174: BCCMAA
1936-40, 375, 379

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

161

(489)

(493)

Sabil and houses in Shari' al-Ghamri

House of 'Abd al-Mu'min Shakrun

Twelfth century (?)AN/ Eighteenth century (?)AD

This listing appears to
have been for the sabil and
attached house of Ahmad 'Abd al-Oudus at no. 51,

Shari Amir al-Guyush (also referred to as Shari' alGhamri). It may also have extended to include the
fagade of the wikala at no- 53, Shari' Amir al-Guyush. Both
buildings, deregistered in the early 1920s, lay immediately to
the west of the mosque of al-Ghamri; they were demolished
after 1951.

Eleventh century (?)AHI Seventeenth century (?)AD

Map sheet This house was located at no. 28, Shari' al-Dardir,
adjacent to the house in the waqf of al-Safti (no,
13
486). The favade survives only up to first-floor
corbel height.

Map sheet
25

Plan: None
References. None
Listing and ronserviaton BCCMAA 1915-19, 775

Plan.None
References. None
Listing and conservation:BCCMAA 1915-19, 805: BCCMAA
1920-24, 350

(495)
Manzil in the waqf of Bashir Agha
Twelfth century (?) AH/ Eighteenth century (?)AD

(490)
Favade of the manzil and
hammam al-Margush
AH1194 1 AD1780
Map sheet The hammam al-Margush was another name for the
hammam al-Malatyali (no. 592); this may be the
25
reason that another registration number was given
to the hammam on its own acecount. The manzil or
house referred to in the listing (occupying the upper floor) no

Map sheet
18

the house occupied this site, although the Comit6

Bulletins are imprecise.

Plan- None

References. None
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1915-19, 786, BCCMAA 1920-24, 352

(496)

longer exists.
Plan:As 592, SCAArchive
References Pauty 1933a, 51-52; Raymond 1969, 135 (no, 40)
Lsting and eonservation. BCCMAA 1915-19, 806; BCCMAA 1930-32, 248

(491)
Favade and portal of the wikala

and sabil-kuttab in the 'Atfat al-Zababqi

Twelfth century AN/ Eighteenth century AD

This listing would seem to cover two separate
buildings: first, a wikala in the name of Ibrahim
Agha at no. 27, Shari' Amir al-Guyush; and second,

Map sheet

18

the sabil-kuttab in the waqf of 'Assal at no. 29,

Shari' Amir al-Guyush, at the corner of 'Atfat al-Zababqi. The

wikala has been demolished except for its ground floor and por
tal. The sabil-kuttab, mentioned in the Description de ltgypte
under the name 'al-Ghamri isintact It has one fasade to Shari'
Amir al-Guyush with a square sabil opening and a loggia above,
the entrance is to the east through a trefoil arch stone portal.
Decorative stone strapwork typical of the period covers the
facade, but there appears to have been no rafraf screen to the
kuttab: instead athird story, now missing, projected from surviv
ing wooden corbels above kuttab level. The door to the sabil is
blocked by debris, which makes access impossible.
Plan None
References: Raymond 1979a, 290 (in index of sabiis mentioned in the

Descriptionde ('gypte)
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1915-19, 805, BCCMAA 1920-24,
349. 351

This house, now demolished, was located in the

Barb al-Asfar Traces of stone corbeling on the
fagade of no. 20, Darb al-Asfar, may indicate that

Sabil and wikalat al-Manawi

Before AN1159 / AD1747
This wikala and sabil occupied the site of no. 27,
Shari al-Surugiya, built by the same Ahmad
22
Katkhuda Mustahfizan who constructed the nearby
house (no. [334]). Traces of the vaulted entrance
and some of the arches in the courtyard survive despite major
collapse and rebuilding. The registration number 496 was erro
neously given by Pauty (1936) to the sabil-kuttab of Husayn al
Shu'aybi (no, 588).
Map sheet

Plan: CMP Sunrey (for portal only).

References: Pauty 1936, 25 Raymond 1979, 272-73 (no 89)
listing and conservatn. SCCMAA 1915-19, 780

497
House of 'Ali Effendi Labib
Twelfth century AH/ Eighteenth century AD
This is an Ottoman merchant's house, with a plas
tered fagade adorned by mashrabiya windows. The
16
small door issurrounded by ornate stone moldings.
The interior spaces are grouped around two small
courtyards, densely overhung with mashrabiya, An ornate por
tal approached by steps is located in the first courtyard, while
the second courtyard has an antique column supporting part of
the superstructure The interior was remodeled in the late nine
teenth and early twentieth centuries. In more recent times, the
Map sheet

top floor of the house served as the studio of the famous

Egyptian architect Hassan Fathy.
Plan: Revault and Maury 1979, 165

162

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

References:Pauty 1936, 38; Hevault and Maury 1979, 159-70; Maury et aI.
1983, 242-48
1915-19, 797; BCCMAA 1927-29. 189
Listing and conservation. BCCMFAA
(classification); BCCMAA 1936-40, 206, 208; BCCMAA 1946-53, 182,
185, 205, 348

(498)

Sabil-rab' al-Balflya

Twelfth century At / Eighteenth century AD

This complex extended south from the mosque of

Qutlubugha al-Dhahabi (no. 242) and was also listed
under the name 'Balighya: The map of the Description
de f'Egypte [rltat Moderne I, pl. 26) has a 'sabil
Baliflyya' at approximately this location, although this may refer
to the sabil-kuttab of Hasan Agha Koklian (no. 243) slight to the
south in the same street. This latter sabil is also, confusingly,
known as the sabil-kuttab Balfiya (the two structures might have
been part of the same waqf). The Balfiyas were a prominent
Mamluk household in the first half of the eighteenth century. The
sabil isnow occupied by a shop, and a number of original shop
units survive, although the residential units above them no longer
exist. The site was deregistered between 1927 and 1929.
Mapsheet
15

Plan CMP Survey

References None
Listing and conservation:BCCMAA 1915-19, 797; BCCMAA 1927-29, 189
(deregistration)

499
Hawsh of 'Utay I Wikala of Mubsin Ramadan
Map sheet

AH1233 / AD1817
The only surviving section of this large commercial

complex, which once housed tobacco merchants

from Syria, appears to be the fine carved stone por
tal with a marble inscription, immediately flanking
the khanqah of Baybars al-Gashankir to the north, as well as
some stone arches to the east of the portal. The 1935 Survey of
Egypt 1:500 Cadastral Plan shows (in addition to the hawsh of
'Utay) a group of three large wikalas in this area, including the
wikalat al-Shishini (late seventeenth century An: see Ul). All
have been destroyed and replaced with modern block housing,
except for the wikalat al-Shishini, which is unlisted.
11and 18

Plan. SCA
Archive (partial)
References: Pauty 1936, 35, Mantran 1972, 228-29; Seton-Williams and
Stocks 1988, 224-45; Raymond and Wiet 1979, 283 (no. 239)

1930-32, 12
Listing and conservation: RCCMAA

(500)
Fagade of the house of al-Kashif
Late twelfth century AD/ Late eighteenth century AD
Map sheet The fagade of this house, seen in a photograph pub
lished by Pauty (1933a), was demolished in the late
27
twentieth century. The number 500 was also
assigned by the Comiti to the wikalat alMuhammadayn (later classified as no. 597).

Plan None

References Pauty 1933b, 78 (no.15);

Pauty
1936,
34.

1915-19, 779: 1CCMAA 1930-32, 138, 253

istng and conservtion: BCCMAA

(501)
House of Mahmud Sudan
Twelfth century AH I Eighteenth century

AD
Map sheetThis house was located at no. 6, 'Atfat al-Zababqi.
The number 501 was also assigned by the Comit to
8
the wikalat al-Haramayn, which was subsequently
re-registered with the number 598. The house was
deregistered and demolished after 1951.
Plan. None
References. Pauty 1936, 34
Listing and conservation: SCCMAA 1915-19, 806

(502)
Zawiya of Sidi Muhammad al-Sha'rani
Tenth century (?)AH/ Sixteenth century (?)AD
This small zawiya was located at no. 4, arat alSha'rani. The site is presently occupied by another
zawiya, built in the 1930s. A photograph of the ear
lier building (in the Comit6 archive) shows a square
headed portal with heavy muqarnas that places it stylistically
in the early Ottoman period.
Mapsheet
25

Plan. None
References: None

Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1915-19, 805

503
Mosque of Muhammad Ai
AH1265 / AD1848
Mlpsheet Although the bulk of this mosque was constructed
between AD1830 and 1848, it was not completed
9
until the reign of Sai'd, Muhammad 'Ali's son, in
1857. The site of the mosque was built up from var
ious demolished structures in the vicinity, including the famous
Ablaq Palace of al-Nasir Muhammad (no. 549). The mosque was
designed by a Greek architect on Ottoman lines, and is clad
with alabaster. The forecourt has an elaborate Ottoman
baroque-style ablutions fountain in its center. To the west,
within the space of the courtyard arcade, and rising above it,
stands an ornate clocktower given to Muhammad 'Ali by Louis
Philippe in 1845. The mosque itself, which is flanked by two
eighty-two-meter-high minarets, has a fifty-two-meter-high
central dome that rests on four massive piers with four semi
domes. The body of Muhammad 'Ali was moved here in 1857
from the family enclosure in the southern cemetery and lies
within the mosque beneath a three-tiered marble cenotaph
behind a bronze grille. The mosque first exhibited signs of
structural cracking in 1899; inadequate repairs led to a more
extensive restoration from 1931 to 1939, which included the
rebuilding of the domes around the courtyard. The domes were
re-covered in 1999, and the minarets cleaned in 2000.

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

163

Plan: Mostafa 1992, 400

Refrences; Pauty 1936, 19-20; Wiet 1949, 265-88; Seton-Williams and
Stocks 1988, 371-72; al-Asad 1992, 39-55; Lyster 1993, 65-66
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1899, 93-94, 101, 107-8; BCCMAA
1915-19, 830, BCCMAA 1927-29, 92-93: BCCMAA 1930-32, 92;
BCCMAA
1933-36, 33, 40, 81, 86, 108-9, 114, 121-22, 130, 132, 167,
183, 186-87, 189, 192-93, 196, 200-201, 203, 205-6, 215-16, 238,
242, 250, 252, 259, 265-66, 275, 279, 416, 421, BCCMAA 1936-40, 2,
121,124, 141,144-46, 149-51, 154, 198-99, 203-7, 231, 233, 243,
245, 250-51, 253-55, 257, 275-77, BCCA4A 1941-45, 108, 134,
140-42, 156, 178, 180, 230, 346; BCCMAA 1946-53, 63, 67, 80, 139,
159, 164, 198, 248, 250

(504)
House in the waqf of Banush Bey
Twelfth century AHI Eighteenth century AD
Map sheet This large courtyard house was known also as

Bircher House after a Swiss collector who lived

here at the turn of the nineteenth century. Pauty
(1933a) has a brief description of it, as well as
photographs of the interior courtyard and street fagade; the
Allard Pierson Photographic Archive in Amsterdam also con
tains photographs of the house. All that remains of the house
is a part of the external wall: the rest of the site has been split
up and rebuilt.
13 and 20

Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1915-19, 568, 635-36, 648-49, 699,

744; 8CCMAA 1933, 25, 53-54, 103, 170: BCCMAA 1938, 141;
BCCMAA 1941-45, 79-81, 94-95, 103, 116-17, 124-25, 140-42
(passim), 155, 179, 181,237, 288, 354-55, 365; BCCMAA 1946-53,
40, 44, 80, 159

(506)
Sabil-kuttab of 'Ayesha al-Sutuhiya
Before An 1169 / AD1755

This sabil-kuttab was deregistered and demolished

in the urban clearance that took place during the
building of the al-Azhar University campus Prior to
its destruction an inlaid marble pavement from the
sabil was removed and placed in storage The same founder also
established a mosque outside the Bab al-Futuh (no. 558) which
met a similar fate.
Mapshe

Plan None
References. Sameh 1946, 40; Raymond 1979a, 286 (no 124)
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1906, 22; BCCMAA 191-19, 776;
BCCMAA 1920-24, 355: BCCMAA 1925-26, 16; BCCMAA
1933-35,
141, 144; SCCMAA1936-40, 114 (deregistration), 119 BCCMAA
1946-53, 292

507
Sabil of Kosa Siran

Plan- None
References: Pauty 1933b, 77 (no. 12); Pauty 1936, 37
Listing and conservatonn BCCMAA 1915-19, 806: BCCMAA 1930-32, 46,
BCCMM 1936-40, 97, 102; BCCMAA 1946-53, 53, 182

505
The Gawhara Palace
AH1229 / AD1814
Map sheet This is the second of two palaces built in hybrid
9,3,and 10 Turkish Baroque style by Muhammad Ali on the
Citadel (see also no. 612), which remained in use
until the opening of the Abdin Palace. The
Gawhara (Jewel') Palace actually adjoins the Palace of
Justice, constructed slightly later (in AD1830) to the south
east, Together, the palaces formed the center of Muhammad
'Ali's administration of Egypt, as the Gawhara Palace con
tained the audience hall of Muhammad 'Ali, and the Palace
of Justice housed offices for religious endowments, hospitals,
the Arsenal, and public works, among other functions. The
Gawhara Palace was damaged by fire in 1972 and has been
partly restored by the SCA, although most of the building
[emains closed to the public. One interesting detail that can
be observed on the eastern elevation of the palace facing
the entrance area is a group of six reused carved and
Inscribed octagonal marble columns dating from the period
of Sultan Qaytbay.
Plan: SCAArchive

References: Pauty 1933b, 63-64, 91 (no 58); Wret 1949, 105-27, esp.
124-25; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 373-74; Lyster 1993, 60,
63, 68, 75, 79, 98-100; Jaubert 1995, 206

164

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALO6UE

Twelfth century AHf Eighteenth century AD

This sabil, now stranded on a busy intersection of
Shari' al-Azhar, was once part of a larger complex
that occupied the area where the road istoday. It
has been heavily restored by the SCA, and the
upper story seems to have been incorporated into a house.
Map sheet
13

Plan. CMP Survey

References' Raymond 1979a, 285 (no. 125)

Lsting and conservation BCCMAA 1892, 90, BCCMAA 1902, 74; 00MAA

1920-24, 255; BCCMAA 1946-53, 296

510
Qubba of Shaykh Su'ud
AH941 / AD1534
Mapsheet This tomb was built for a shaykh of the Rifa'i order
as an addition to a zawiya; it appears in the waqf
15
of Sulayman Pasha, whose mosque (no. 142) issit
uated in the Citadel. The tomb has a stone base
with original bronze window grilles, and a plastered-brick
dome, originally covered in green tiles (like the domes of the
mosque of Sulayman Pasha).
Plan:SCAArchive
References Behrens-Abouscif and Fernandes 1984, 112; Behrens-Abouseif

1990, 49-55: Behrens-Abouseif 1994, 187

Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1911,107-8; BCCMAA 1927-29, 189
(classification)

(534)
Maq'ad of the Faramangui House

(514)
House of Khusraw Pasha
Map sheet
13

Twelfth century AH/ Eighteenth century AD

This spectacular triple-arched maq'ad was demol
ished in the 1960s. A. photograph published in
Pauty 1933b (pl xxxina) provides a record of its
appearance.

AH1065/ AD1654-55
This was a courtyard house, now demolished, with
at least one large qa'a and a maq'ad. The name of
the owner bears no relation to the sixteenth-cen
tury Ottoman governor of Cairo.

Plan: None
Reference: Pauty 1933b, 80-81 (no 28)
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1930-32, 145, 164

Plan None
References Pauty 1933b, 86 (no.43), Pauty 1936, 37
Listing and conservation; BCCMAA 1946-53, 58, 60-61

541

(518)
Rab of Qaytbay
ca. Al 896 1 AD1490
This building, shown on the 1924 Map of
Mohammedan Monuments, was located on the
31
Galat al-Kabsh, where Qaytbay also built a mosque
(no 223). It was destroyed prior to 1951. Photo
graphs show that the building, which was a rab' rather than a
'house' (as it isdescribed in the Comit6 Bulletins), was split by
an alley that was cut through its center. This also bisected the
unusual stone inscription band located above the line of cor
bels that supported the first floor of the building. This inscrip
tion band was analogous to those on Qaytbay's wikalas at the
Bab al-Nasr (no.9) and Shan' al-Surugiya (U77).
sheet

House in the waqf of al-Mulla

An 1065 / AD1654
Ahouse has occupied this location since the four
teenth century, although the present construction
dates from the seventeenth. It would have been a
palatial residence in its prime, arranged around a
large courtyard. No trace remains of the original entrance cor
ridor running to this courtyard, which has now been filled with
intrusive structures, and the remainder of the house isderelict
or demolished with the exception of a large triple-arched
maqad. The building was first listed by the Comite in 1924.
Map sheet
a19

Plan None
References VanOcrchen 1894, 1-518-20
Listing and conservation.BCCMA 1893 (2nd ed), 55-56, BCCMAA 1894,
1897, 37 (demolition)
86: SCCA4AA

Plan- Maury at al 1983, 240

References: Pauty 1933b, 37, 56-57 (no. 11); Pauty 1936, 37: Revault and
Maury 1979, Ill 77-92; Maury et al 1983, 236-42
1920-24, 324-25 (classification): BCCListing and conservation.BCCMAA
MAA 1930-32, 175, 199: BCCMAA 1933-35, 25, 157, 171,179; BCCMAA 1936-40, 144, 147-48

521
Mosque of Ahmad Bey Kohya

House in the waqf of Mustafa Sinan

Map sheet
24

AN710 / AD1310
This mosque was converted from a large residential
qa'a belonging to aMamluk palace. The central sec

tion of the ga'a is roofless, and the arches to the

iwans are heavily propped. The whole space isinac
cessible, derelict, and subject to occasional flooding with
sewage water The mihrab is located in a corner of the room,
and the lower two and a half meters of the walls have been
recently rebuilt in brick. There is a rather poorly rendered brick
Ottoman minaret attached to the building. The street fa;ade
was added in the late nineteenth century, and what little sur
vives after a major collapse and a fire resembles the domestic
architecture of that period.
Plan. SCA Archive
References, Lizime 1972b, 86-89, 130, Maury et al. 1982, 78-80 brahim
1984, 53; Sayed 1987b, 45-48; Meinecke 1992, 11:210-11, Jaubert
1995, 188
Listing and conservation- BCCMAA 1386, 10; BCCIAA 1901, 109-10: BCCMAA 1930-32, 271: CCMAA 1946-53, 287, 348

545
Eleventh century AHI Seventeenth century AD

This house seems to have been built by the same

patron as the nearby sabil (no 246). It has shop
units at ground level, and mashraibya windows
project from the upper stories, which are derelict. It
was registered as a monument in 1927-29
Mapsheet

Plan. Hanna 1991, 105

References; Hanna 1991. 104-7, Jaubert 1995, 198
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1927-29, 109 (classification)

548
Wikala in the waqf al-Tutungi

Eleventh century AH/ Seventeenth century AD

The only surviving sectionis of this wikala are its beau

tiful portal with fanned voussoirs and stone-vaulted
entrance passage. The courtyard has disappeared
under later rebuilding. An adjacent mosque of the
same name, now also demolished, ismentioned inthe Bulletin.
sheet
MMap
23

Plan. CMP Survey

References: Pauty 1936, 34

Listing and conservation.BCCMAA 1927-29, 193

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

165

549
Remains of the palace of
al-Nasir Muhammad
AH714 / AD1314
Map sheet The whereabouts of this famous structure, known

as the Ablaq (or 'Striped') Palace, have been a mat

ter of some debate. It was assumed until recently
that the ga'a al-Ashrafiya [U86), excavated in the

1980s, was part of this palace, in part because this structure

issituated behind a small piece of surviving ablaq masonry on
the outer face of the wall of Muhammad 'All's artillery plat
form. Rabbat (1995) has demonstrated that this position for
the Qasr al-Ablaq is unlikely. The number 549 in the Index of
Monuments is assigned on the accompanying map to the Burg
al-Rafraf (U89), which is clearly a mistake. Creswell (1959)
believed that the tunnel-vaulted and corbeled structure on the
lower level of the Citadel (see U91) was the palace. It is far
more likely, however, that the vast multilevel, vaulted sub
structure to the southwest of the mosque of Muhammad 'All
was the foundation for the Ablaq Palace, its uppermost level
demolished by Muhammad 'All to make way for his mosque.
The attribution of Rabbat (1995) has led to the reassignation
here of this Index number to a more probable site for al-Nasir
Muhammad's palace.
Plan: Rabbat 1995, 34
References- Pauty1933b, 38-40, 63:Lizme 1972b, 66-72, 130: SetonWilliams and Stocks 1988, 374; Meinecke 1992, 11114, 459; Lyster
1993,27; Rabbat 1995, 34-36, 199-213; al-Harithy 2000, 234

550
Two street roofings

behind the mosque of al-Ghuri

Al 909-10 / AD1504-5
roofs, with wind-scoops for ventila
wooden
These
Map sheet
tion and lighting, form part of the bazaar structure
20
integral to the mosque of al-Ghuri (no. 189). All the
shops in the bazaar beneath are modern.
Plan Part of the mosque of al-Ghuri (no 189)
References' Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 265; Jaubert 1995, 209
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1930-32, 32

(551)
Bab al-Khala (al-Qarafa)
AN 566-72 [?)
/ AD1171-76 (Q)
Mapsheet This gate was located behind the mosque of al
Azhar on Shari' al-Ghurayib, close to the mosque of
6
Sidi Muhammad al-Ghurayib built by 'Abd alRahman Katkhuda (no, 448). It is indicated on Sheet
39L of the 1:1000 Survey of Egypt's map (surveyed 1912,
revised 1934 and printed in 1935) as 'Bab al-Ghurayib
(Bawwabet al-Khala)' but has since been demolished. AlGabarti identified this gate as the Bab al-Barqiya (no. 614),
through which access was obtained to the northern cemetery
and the Muqattan Hills. It appears under the name 'Bab al

166

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

Ghurayrb' on the map of the Description de l'gypte (Otat

Moderne 1,pl. 26). The gate is listed in the 1915-19 Bulletin
together with the fagade of the mosque of 'Abd al-Rahman
Katkhuda, but it is listed in its own right in the 1930-32
Bulletin.
Plan' Position from 1 1000 Survey of Egypt map

References'Warner 1999, 286

Listing and conservotion BCCMAA 1902, 94-95 (not classifled) BCCMAA

1915-19, 697, BCCMAA 1930-32, 32, 8CCMAA 1933-35, 153

(552)
Tiles in the mosque of al-Khudayri
All 1181 / AD1767
A new mosque occupies this site, and no trace sur
vives of the Ottoman tiles that warranted its list
ing in the Index of Monuments; these may have
been transferred to the Islamic Museum, although
the site itself is still registered, The original mosque on this
site was built for the Khalawati brotherhood of Sufis; it was
rebuilt in 1863. Pauty (1936), who dates the structure to AD
1774, provides a sketch plan for what must have been this
later rebuilding.

Mapshee
24

Plan' Pauty
1936, 13, fig. 12
References' Pauty 1938, 12, 13; Seton-Wiliiams and Stocks 1988. 352,
Hamamsy 1992. 45-46

Listing and conservation, SCMAA 1930-32, 54; BCCMAA

1933-35, 308

553
Sabil-kuttab of

Mustafa Shurbagi Mustahfizan

AH1094 / AD1683
This Ottoman sabil-kuttab isattached to the south
eastern corner of a large wikala that is substantial
ly demolished. The bronze grille on the eastern
fagade isoriginal to the sabil; that on the southern
side isnot. The interior has afine marble basin, and the remains
of the original water-supply system survive.
Mao sheet
20

Plan: CMP Survey

References: Raymond 1979a, 257-58 (no. 47)
Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1930-32, 27

554
Zawiya of Gaf'ar al-Sadiq
AH 1100 /AD1688-89
This zawiya is shown on the 1950 1:5000 Map of
Mohammedan Monuments, but it is not included in
the Index of Monuments. The fagade and interior of
the building are completely new; two original
inscriptions in marble that survive above the door are presum
ably the object of the listing.
Mapsheet
20

Plan: None
References Meinecke and Meinecke-Berg 1980,31 and 34 n. 17
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA
1930-32, 66

Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1930-32, 172; BCCMAA 1941-45, 252;

BCCMAA 1946-53, 81

555
Bab al-'Azab
Map sheet

All 1168 / AD1754

The southern enclosure walls of the Citadel, to

which the Bab al-Azab was the principal gateway

from the west, were rebuilt by Radwan Katkhuda alGalfl in AD1754. The gate defended the approach to
the inner road that led to the upper enclosures and served as
the headquarters of the 'Azaban corps of the Ottoman army.
The appearance of the gate was altered by Khedive Isma'il, who
added neo-Gothic windows to the rear fagade, a decorative
cornice, and a raised curving carriageway facing the square.

Plan SCAArchive

References. Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 366; Lyster 1993, 48-49, 69

Listing and conservation BCCMAA1914, 52, 65,

1941-45,57

GB,83,

100 BCCMAA

556

Bab al-Mudarrag
All579 / AD1183-84

Map sheet 'The Gate of the Steps' was one of the original

entrances to the Citadel of Salah al-Din before

2
Muhammad 'Ali constructed his 'New Gate' (Bab
al-Gedid: U85) immediately to its west. It is the
only separately listed section of the Citadel's walls on the
Index of Monuments. The through route into the northern
enclosure is now obstructed by Muhammad 'Ali's Harim Palace

(no. 612). The original foundation inscription commemorating

the construction of the Citadel by Salal al-Din survives above

the entrance into a vaulted bent entrance, on the walls of

which the names arid titles of al-Nasir Muhammad are paint

ed. Three further inscriptions on the wall outside the gate

commemorate restorations carried out by sultans Gaqmaq,

Qaytbay, and Tumanbay 1.

Plan. Creswell 1959, 34

References: Creswell 1959, 33-36; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 369;

Lyster 1993, 89-90; Rabbat

1995, 28-29,

Meinecke 1992, 11-192;

68-69. Tabbaa 2002, 6B-69

(558)
Mosque of 'Ayesha al-Sutuhiya
Before AH 1169 /AD1755

IThis
speet

mosque, located immediately outside the Bab

al-Futuh, was demolished in the urban clearance
1I
that took place outside the walls in 1947. It was one
of the constructions of 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda

and included a sabil-kuttab.

Plo. None

References Sameh 1946, 40; Raymond 1972, 241; Raymond 1979a, 277

(no 98)

Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1930-32, 174,BCCMAA 1933-35, 308,

SCCMAA 1936-40, 178

559

House of Amna bint Salim

AH947 / AD1540

This courtyard house, together with the house and

Map shee
s8bil of al-Kritliya to which it isjoined (no. 321), is
today part of the Gayer-Anderson Museum. The
house stands on the western side of the alley and is

the earlier of the pair. It contains the complex's largest qa'a,

with an inlaid marble fountain within. The majority of rooms in

the building are nonetheless the creations of Gayer-Anderson

or the Comite. The edge of the house that abuts the wall of the

zlyada of the mosque of lbn Tulun (no. 220) has windows in it

that are formed from the interstices of the crenellations around

the ziyada.

Plan Maury et al 1983, 174

References Revault and Maury 1979, 53-76; Maury et al. 1983, 170-80,

Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 357-58; Longeaud 2002, 156-57, 171

Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1920-24, 16: BCCMAA 1933-35, 48,

190, 259-60, BCCMAA 1936-40, 140; BCCMAA 1941-45, 15, 61,

63-64, 68. 70-71, 73-76, 89, 93-94, 96-98, 109, 112-14, 118-22,

123, 135, 198, 236

Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1892, 21: BCCMAA 1946-53, 287

557

Sabil of al-Wafa'iya

AH 846 / AD1442

to the mosque of Inal al-Yusufi

adjacent
sabil,
This
Map sheet

(no. 118) has an original bronze grille with a wood

24
en inscription mounted above it. A Comte timber

projection above the sabil indicates a possible

reconstruction (now lost) of a kuttab. The name 'al-Wafaiya' is

often used in conjunction with the Sadat family (see no. 463),

but there is no conclusive evidence that they were involved in

the construction of this sabil.

Archive

Plan. SCA
(erroneously listed under no, 447),

References, Memneoke 1992, 11.363

Tantewi1994, 110-11

561

Sabil of al-Nasir Muhammad

AH726 /AD1326

This is the earliest surviving sabil in Cairo, built on

the site of a preexisting hawd by the amir Arghun,
who was then the administrator of the bimaristan
of Qalawun (see no. 43). The sabil is an L-shaped
structure, supported on columns, that wraps around the north
eastern corner of the madrasa of Qalawun. The interior con
tains an inscription band, panels of falence tiles, and adecora
tive dome. In the nineteenth century, the Comite removed a
school that had been built above it in order to reveal the
inscription band that runs around the external wall of the
madrasa The sabil was restored in 1997 by the Barakat Trust
and was undergoing further work in 2003-2004.
Mapsheet

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

167

Plan; Meinecke 1992, 1.45

References Creswell 1959, 274-75, Meinecke 1977, 119-20; Elbeid1976,
11-26; Meinacke 1992, 11:204-5
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1905, 37; BCCMAA 1909, 49-50 (clas
sification); BCCMAA
1930-32 251-52

562
Hammam of Inal
AH861 /AD 1456
This bathhouse-originally a double bathhouse (the
female section has been demolished)-is named
after the suitan who developed the site in the
fifteenth century as part of a palace. It is known
also by the name 'al-Baysari' although the evidence suggests
that this was in fact another bathhouse located slightly to the
north. There are two surviving inscriptions an the portal lintel
and one jamb. The dilapidated Ottoman disrobing-room leads
Maphet

19

References-Seton-Williams and Stocks 19B8, 333; Behrens-Abouseif 1989,

166-67

Listing and conservaton BCCMdAA

1933-35, 7, 12,13

(566)
Hammam al-Effendi

Twelfth century (?)AH/ Eighteenth century (?)AD

Map sheet This now-destroyed bathhouse, probably Fatimid

19
in origin, was located close to the Sallhlya,
directly behind the maq'ad of Mamay al-Sa'ifi
(no. 51). The calidarium was listed in 1933, but
the entire hammam was deregistered in 1944 owing to its
ruinous condition

Plan. Pauty 1933a, 53

References Pauty 1933a, 53, Sayyid 1998, 324-25

Listing and conscrvoton RCCMAA 1941-45, 253

to a series of domed spaces with sunken tanks for hot and cold

(567)

water. The bathhouse isstill in use.

Plan. Courtesy Atef Fahir, Architect

References Pauty 1933a, 52, Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 239,
Melnecke 1992, 11:381; Denoix et al. 1999, JJ26-27; Ismail 2000,
187-89

Listing and conservation: BCCMAA

1930-32, 33-35, 70, 250

564
Hammam al-Tanbali
Twelfth century AH/ Eighteenth century AD

This eighteenth-century bathhouse still functions

despite all odds. It was represented in its heyday by
Fascal Coste, who devoted a full page of architec
tural illustration to it in his L'architecture arobe.
The Interior still has many original elements, including domes
with inset glass lights and tank rooms with columnar supports.
The building was deregistered and then subsequently re-regis
tered as a monument (without a number) in 1991. The old reg
istration number isgiven here.
Map sheet
25

Plan: Mostafa
1992, 328
References. Pauty 19330, 49, Raymond 1969, 138 (no 73]; Warner 2002,
60-61

Listing and conservaton. BCCMAA 1930-32, 248

565
Mausoleum of Ahmad Pasha Tahir

AN 1233 / AD1817

Map sheet This nineteenth-century mausoleum was moved in

1951 from its original emplacement near the

mosque of Sayyida Zaynab to a new position in the
garden next to the mosque of Hasan Pasha Tahir
(no. 210). Ahmad Pasha Tahir was the brother of Hasan Pasha,
an official in the court of Muhammad 'Ali. The tomb has astone
dome, with a large apsidal projection on the qibla side, and
peculiar chimneylike turrets on its four corners.
30

Plan: SCAArchive

168

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

Hammam al-'Adawi
Thirteenth century AN/ Nineteenth century AD
This building was demolished at the time of the
remodeling of Midan al-lusayn. A sketch plan by
Pauty survives, and a more accurate drawing of the
central calidarium exists in the SCA Archive, which
Isshown here The bath was presumably named after the
shaykh buried in the mosque of Almahk al-Gukander fnc. 24)
Plan SCA Archive
Mapsheet
12

References. Paity 1933a, 53

Listing and conservation. None

569
Cistern in the Citadel
AH 712 1 AD1312

Located to the south of the mosque of al-Nasir

Muhammad ibn Calawun (no. 143) and the
Mamluk kitchens (U82) is a rock-cut well or cis
tern that was omitted from the published Index of
Monuments, but appears on the accompanying 1:5000 Map
of
Mohammedan Monuments. It seems to have been the end
point for the aqueduct, constructed by al-Nasir Muhammad,
that brought water from the Nile to the Citadel via a pump
ing station located below the walls of the Citadel (see no.
369) and a rock-cut tunnel (shown as a dotted line extending
to map sheet 10). The cistern is known as 'the Well of the
Seven Waterwheels'
Plan: SCAArchive
Mapshee
g

References, Rabbat 1995, 270-7i

Listng and conservaton' None

586
Tomb of brahim Khalifa Guindian
AH 1062 /AD1642
This tomb was originally constructed by Ibrahim
Agha Mustahfzan for his own burial. It was later
15
dedicated to one of his officers, who died inAD1655,
by which time Ibrahim Agha had already created a
finer mausoleum for himself within the precincts of the nearby
mosque of Aqsunqur (no. 123). The fagade has two bays (over
which a centered inscription extends), in addition to the portal,
which isconsiderably sunk into the ground. The tomb has a sim
pie but very high stone dome set on fine squinches internally. It
isalso remarkable for the fact that its mihrab isoffset by about
thirty degrees to compensate for the difference between the
geometry of the street and qibla orientation. Two marble ceno
taphs lie under the dome, also offset to this angle. The entry cor
ridor also gives access, through some subsidiary rooms, to the
sabil (see no. 238) under the adjacent house (no. 613), both of
which were also built by Ibrahim Agha. The documentary evi
dence cited by Behrens-Abouseif (1994) suggests that the date
of this tomb should be revised from the date given in the Index
of Monuments (AI 1001 / AD1593) to the date given above.

Map sheet

Plan. CMP Survey

References: Mantran 1972, 214-15, Raymond 1979b, 121-23; BriensAbouseif 1994, 171-72, 263-64

istmg and conservation, see references for no 238

Plan Kessler 1971

Refernnces Party 1929, 146 and pl. 1.12 (muqarnas), Seton-Williams and
Stocks 1988, 281 -82; Meimecke 1992, 1170: O'Kane 2000, 157
Lstng and conservation: BCCMAA 1906, 31 (classiication); BCCMAA
1908.
35 (under the name 'Fadl Allah') See also references for no. (186)

591
Sabil and wikala of Udah Basha
AH1084 / AD1673

This wilkala was known also as the Khan al-Khaysh,

occupied by merchants from the Fayyum dealing in
fabrics. The sabil is inscribed "built by Muhammad
and his brother Dhulfiqar in 10B4," and it has a
tiled lunette above the window opening. It also contains an
inlaid marble salsabil with carved wooden muqarnas hood and
wooden cupboards. The wikala has an arched decorated stone
portal; the courtyard into which it once led has been largely
destroyed. The contemporaneous zawiya to the south of the
wikala was at one time separately listed (see no. [3713). A pro
gram of heavy restoration of the wikala took place from 2000
to 2003.
Map sheet
11arid 18

Plan CMPSurvey
References J Williams 1969, 457; Raymond 1979A, 255 (no. 41): Raymond
and Wict 1979, 273 (no. 134), Alund 1980, 39
Listing and conservation: SCCMAA 1891, 45, BCCMAA 1897, 83-84
(house); BCCMAA 1915-19, 781; BCCMAA 1930-32, 33; SCA2002,
64-65, 337-48

588

592

Sabil-kuttab of Husayn al-Shu'aybi

Twelfth century AH/ Eighteenth century AD
This sabil-kuttab, originally attached to a house,
is one of seven surviving Ottoman bow-fronted
sabils in Cairo. It has three arched openings to the
street, with flne bronze grilles set in stonedeco
rated with strapwork.
Mapsheet
18

Plan. CMP Survey

References:Pauty 1936,25 (under no 496), Raymond 19799, 284-85 (no, 120)

Listing and conservation, BCCMAA 1915-19, 806: BCCMAA 1920-24,

351-52, BCCMAA 1933-35, 331, SCA2002, 123-26

590
Mausoleum of Husam al-Din al-Turuntay
AH689 / AD1290
This tomb is the only remnant of a Shafi'i madrasa
(see no. 1186]) built by an amir of Sultan falawun
who was executed by Qalawun's son Khalil shortly
after his father's death. The tomb is hemmed in by
recent construction, and fragments of columns and capitals
from the madrasa lie in the road in front of the building. Within
the tomb chamber is a pool of groundwater, currently two
meters deep. There are two surviving stucco inscription bands
on the inner surface of the dome, a beautiful stucco mihrab
hood, and another painted wood inscription band. One keel
arched stucco niche survives on the western favade.
Mapsheet

27

Hammam al-Malatyali
AH1194

/AD1780

This hammam may well date to an earlier period,

but since rebuilding was commonplace for bath
houses, the current construction is likely to be
Ottoman, as is borne out by stylistic details such as
the stone decoration to the faqade. The fagade consists of two
portals surmounted by square muqarnas hoods; two round
arched windows between them are framed by decorative mold
ings. The eastern portal provides access to the male section of
the bathhouse. An adjacent, smaller women's bathhouse of the
same period is accessed by the slightly smaller western portal.
Only the corbels of the building's upper story survive. Both male
and female sections of the bathhouse are still in use despite the
extreme degradation of the fabric of the building internally and
externally The bathhouse was also registered under the number
(490) together with the house that once stood above it.
Map
25

Plan. SCAArchive
References. Pauty 1933a, 51-52, Raymond 1,969. 135 (no, 40), Warner
2002, 51
BCCMAA 1930-32, 248

D ES5C R IPTI V E DRPIECATALOGUE

169

593
Bawd of Ibrahim Agha Mustahfizan
AN 1070 / AD1659
This is another of Ibrahim Aghas many constructions along the Darb al-Ahmar. The watering trough,
attached to the southern end of the Palace of Alnaq
al-Nasiri (see no. 249), has a fine inscription block
in place on the fagade. The building has no roof, and the entire
back wall is missing, which make it difficult to identify.

Mapsheet
S

Plan: Revault and Maury 1977, 67 (part of plan of Palace ofAin@qal-Nasiri,

no 249 above)
References. Mantran 1972, 227-28, Revault and Maury 1977, 61-76;
Raymond 1979a, 121-23

Description de TEgypte as a wikala for goldsmiths. More likely

is the attribution by Hanna (1998) that the wakala was one of
a pair built in the seventeenth century by the merchant Isma'il
Abu Takiya and his partner (see no. 1.79). The Comiti first
assigned this wikala the number 500, which had already been
given to the fagade of the house of al-Kashif; it was subse
quently given a new registration number.
Plan. SCAArchive
References Pauty 1936, 33, 34 (as no, 600); Scharabi 1978, 163; Raymond
and Wiet 1979, 277 (no. 167); Aalund 1980, 40, Hanna 1998, 127-30
Listing and conservation* BCCMAA 1933-35, 125, 127

(598)
Wikala in the waqf al-Haramayn
AH1080 /AD1669

Listing and conservation: See references for no 249

(595)
House in the waqf of Ibrabim Agha
AH 10621 AD1652

Mapsheet

See no. (457) above.

15

596
Hammam al-Sukkariya
Twelfth century AHI Eighteenth century AD
Mapsheet A double bathhouse for men and women, in the
name of Gadi al-Fadil, has stood on this site since
20
the twelfth century AD.The present structure is
probably a later rebuilding. The bathhouse was at
one time in the waqf of Oolnwun; it passed into the hands of
Nafisa al-Bayda, who owned the adjacent wikala (no. 395), in
the late eighteenth century. Only the men's half of the bath
house survives, its entrance located on the Sukkariya. This was
in use until recently, and it conforms to the standard model of
Cairene bathhouse, with a disrobing room and central domed
space, off of which lie the smaller domed tank rooms. The
women's section was accessed from the small alley (known as
the 'Atfat al-Hammam) running to the north of the wikala of
Nafisa al-Bayda.
Plan: Badr and Crecelius, 1995, 139
References. Pauty 1933a, 56: Badr and Crecelius 1995: Raymond 1979a,
284 (no. 118: Sayyld 1998, 324
Listmg and conservation. BCCMAA 1933-35, 65

This wikala, built by Murtada Agha ibn Muhammad,

was deregistered after 1951. Although the upper
floors of the building have been destroyed, and a
large modern apartment block has been built on the
southwestern corner of the block, the form of the interior court
yard bounded by stone arches (a perfect square) is still visible.
The report of the Comit refers to azawiya (no longer extant) in
the middle of the courtyard. Pauty (1936) ascribed the number
501 to this building (another instance of double-listing').
Plan:icole d'Architecture de Versailles 1987, 31
Mapsheet
19

References Pauty 1936, 33 (as monument no. 501), Scharabi 1b78, 162,
Raymond and Wiel 1979, 286 (no. 258), Alund 1980, 40, Ecole
d'Architecture de Versailles 1987, Denoix et al 1999, 11,63-64
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA 1933-35, 125, 127

604

Wikala of Sulayman Agha al-Silahdar

AH1253 (AD 1837

A khan has stood on this site since the Mamuk penMap sheet od. The present structure was built by the rapacious
Sulayman, Muhammad 'Ali's
armorer; its portal and
fagade were listed in 1937. Despite number accre
tions, the basic structure of the building is discernible on both
the ground floor and the first floor.The entrance to the courtyard
is from the north through afinely carved stone gateway.
Plan: Courtesy Suhayr Salih
References. Mantran 1972, 229 (no 28), Scharabi 1978, 163; Raymond and
Wiet 1979, 288 (no. 270), Denoix et aL 1999,1132-33
Listing and conservailon BCCMAA 1936-40, 69 (classifieatrn): SCA2002,
173-74

597
605
The Archives Building

Wikalat al-Muhammadayn
Twelfth century AN I Eighteenth century AN
The fagade, portal, and entry passageway of the
building were classified between 1933 and 1935.
The interior of the wikala is currently occupied by
coal-smelting works and metal-working trades, and
is substantially destroyed. Raymond and Wiet (1979) suggest
that this may be the wikalat al-Khatib mentioned in the
Mapsheet
19

170

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGCUE

All 1244 1 AD1828

The Dar al-Mahfuzat, or Daftarkhana, was built dur
ing the reign of Muhammad 'All in an attempt to
centralize Egypt's already expanding bureaucracy on
the site of the old Mamluk ceremonial drum-station
(tablakhara) at the entrance to the Citadel. The administration
Map sheet

was divided into three sections (for Arabic records, Turkish

records, and Arabic petitions), grouped around a central court
yard approached by a fortified gateway The building was extend
ed in 1935 on the western side (where the present entrance is
located), and more recently to the east. The steps on the south
ern side of the building occupy the space of the old ramp that
once led up to the Bab al-Mudarrag (no, 556) Half-way up these
steps, embedded inthe masonry of the retaining wall of the fore
court to the main building, is a portion of an earlier Ottoman
stone fagade, which isdecorated with carved strapwork.
Plan: SCAArchive
References: Mantran 1972, 230-31; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 368;

Lyster 1993, 63, 89

used by the palace guards. The building is today occupied by

the National Military Museum.
manBuedand Citadel Survey, 1913
References- Wiet 1949, 105-27, Mantran 1972, 229, Lyster 1993, 103-6;
Jaubert 1995, 206
Listing and conservation: None

613
House in the waqf of Ibrahim Agha
AH1062 / AD1652
Map sheet This building is shown only on the English version

of the 1:5000 Map of Mohammedan Monuments, It

is, in fact, the rab' that is located at no. 45, Bab al-

15

Listing

and conservation: None

606
The Mint
1812
AN 1227 /AD
The Mint and Treasury have occupied a site in this
Map she
area of the Citadel since at least the sixteenth cen
2 and 3
tury AD.It was rebuilt in 1709 by the Janissary Corps
of the Ottoman army and remodeled by Muhammad
'Ali in 1812. The building consists of aseries of domed and vault
ed rooms around a rectangular court; it has been heavily propped
up since the earthquake of 1992 and has been under restoration
since 2003. On one side of the court stands a curious oval build
ing in stone, which has lost its roof; its function isunclear.
Map sheet

Plan- SCAArchive
References. Lyster 1993, 44, 47, 61, 101

Listing and conservation BCCMAA 1941-45, 355, BCCMAA 1946-53, 159

609
House in the waqf of Mahmud al-Shabsiri
AH1040-45 / AD1630-35
Ma sheet

20

This courtyard house was listed in 1937. The build-

ing has afine maq'ad and a qa'a on the second floor,

the latter containing marble revetments and an

alcove that projects into the courtyard with a
mushrabiya and a minute but ornate wooden dome. The house
is partially occupied by squatters and is substantially derelict.

Wazir, between the sabil of Ibrahim Agha

Mustahfizan (no. 238) and the tomb of Ibrahim Khalifa
Cuindian (no. 586). The ground floor isoccupied by shop units,
and a staircase leads to the upper story, which has stone cor
bels projecting into the street. The house seems to continue
over the sabil of the same builder (no. 238).
Pfon: Hanna 1991, 93
References, Hanna 1991, 90-93
Listing and conservation' seereferences for no 238

614

Bab al-Barqiya

6apshet

AH566-72 /AD1171-76
The position of the remains of this structure is

marked on the Survey of Egypt 1:500 Cadastral

Plan, which ascribes to it the number 352 (the same
number as the northern Fatimid walls on map sheet
18). The attribution (under either no, 614 or no. 352) of this
structure is entirely erroneous, however, since excavations in
the area revealed it to be nothing more than a continuation of
the wall of Salah al-Din (no. 307). The position of the Ayyubid
Bab al-Barqiya is probably the gate recently discovered slight
ly to the south, and the confusion is compounded by the pres
ence in the vicinity of both the Fatimid Bab al-Tawfiq (see 010),
and the Bab aI-Khala (no. [551]), both of which have also been
identified as the Bab al-Barqiya.

Plan Maury et al. 1983, 156 (first-floor plan)

References. Revault 1979, 297-98, Maury et al. 19813,152-68; Revault
1989, 43-59, Jaubert 1995, 199
Listing and conservdtion. BCCMAA
1926-40, 77, 79:BCCM1AA
1941-45,
218, 225, BCCMAA 1946-53, 177-78, 295, 309, 329-30

Plan. Position from Survey of Egypt 1:500 Cadastral Plan and CMP Survey
References. Creswell 1952, 27-28: Wiet 1961, 13-20, Warner 1999,
290-91: Sayyid 1998, 154-55, 394-97, 418-24, Pradines, Michaudel,
and Monchamp 2002
Listing and conservation. BCCMA 1915-19, 748; BCCMAA 1920-24, 341;
BCCMAA
1941-45, 127, 130, 131,144, 162

612

615

The Harim Palace

Favade of the wikala of Bedawiya Shahin

AH1189 / AD 1766

All 1234 / AD1827

Built by Muhammad 'Ali, this vast palace is an

amalgam of Turkish baroque and European styles.
The central and western sections of the palace
originally served as the private residence of
Muhammad 'All and his family, while the eastern portion was
Map sheet
2 and9

Mapsheet This site was occupied by a commercial building

since AD1108, but the present structure is a rebuild

ing by Bedawiya Shahm, the mother of Ruqayya
Dudu, who also constructed a more famous bow
fronted sabil for her daughter (no. 337). All that remains of the
19

DESCR IP T IV E CA TA LO GU E

171

wikala today is a fine carved stone portal (its interior is now

occupied by a shop) and a secondary portal to the east.
Plan None
References Scharabi 1978, 162: Raymond and Wiet 1979, 280 (no. 20B);
Denoix et al 1999 1130
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1941 -45, 238

616
Gate of the Bayt al-Qadi
Thirteenth century AH/ Nineteenth century AD

Unnumbered Monuments
and Unregistered Buildings
The following section of the catalogue principally deals with
unregistered buildings, but also includes monuments that
have been registered subsequent to 1950 but do not follow
the sequence of the earlier published index. References and
conservation histories are includcd here only to the extent
that such documentation is known. The dating of many of
the buildings should be regarded as provisional.

Map sheet This vaulted stone entrance served as the principal

12and 19 route under the nineteenth-century courthouse
attached to the maq'ad of Mamay al-Sa'ifi (no. 51).
It was listed in 1943, in isolation from the rest of
the building.
Plan, Survey of EgypL
1 500 Cadastral Plan
References: see Hanna 1984, 46
Listingand Conservation! BCCMAA 1936-40, 339; BCCMAA 1941-45, 170

617
Wall of the Qaramidan

AH712 / AD1312

This wall formed part of the western boundary of

the Mamluk hippodrome (the Qaramidan) below
the Citadel. The Qaramidan, or 'Black Square:
served as one of Cairo's principal arenas for dis
plays of horsemanship during the Mamluk period. The date
ascribed to the wall, which was classified in 1941-45, implies
that it is believed to have been built by Sultan al-Nasir
Muhammad, although modifications to the enclosure were
made in the early sixteenth century by Sultan al-Ghuri.
Engravings from the eighteenth century show the midan
entirely enclosed by buildings. About twenty meters of the wall,
topped by rounded crenellations, survive in the middle of a
cement-works, although the adjacent ground level has risen by
at least three meters. The wall would appear to have been
refaced on several occasions.
Mapsheet
16

Ul
Wikalat al-Shishini
The wikalat al-Shishini isa late seventeenth
century ADwikala built
for coffee merchants. It is
more commonly known as the wikala of Sulayman
Agha, after the 'Controller of Armies' for Muhammad 'AIL
Sulayman Agha probably purchased the property in the nine
teenth century, along with other buildings in the area; his
eponymous mosque (no. 382) is located to the east (map sheet
18). The entire ground floor of the vikala is in a good state of
preservation.
11

Plan: After SCAArchive

References Raymond and Wiet 1979, 293 (no 319)

U2
Tomb of Khalil Ibrahim Shurbagi
Map sheet Twelfth century AH/ Eighteenth century AD
11l
This small tomb with a ribbed plastered-brick dome
is attached to a modern mosque of the same name

An original Ottoman minaret and simple trilobed

portal also survive as part of the same mosque.
Plan- CMP Survey

Plan: SCAArchive
References Meinecke 1992, 11.112
Lising and conservation.SCCMAA
1941-45, 209, 261

619
House in the waqf of Ibrahim Agha
AH1062 / AD1652
wedged between the mosques of
house,
Map sheet This
Aqsunqur (no. 123) and Khayrbak (no. 24B), is one
15
of the many developments of Ibrahim Agha along
the Darb al-Ahmar. The qa'a at first-floor level was
recently destroyed. A project to restore the house was initiated
by the Aga Khan Trust for Culture in 2000.
Plan Hanna 1991, 89
References. Raymond 1979b, 121-23, Hanna 1991, 87-89
Listing and conservation.BCCMA4 1936-40, 224, 225, 266, 341, 343-45;
BCCMAA 1941-45, 18, 280,367

172

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

ca. AH1107 / AD1695

Mapashreet

U3
House of al-Khorazati
AH1299 [AD1881
This two-story house lies between the house of alSihaymi (no. 339), and the house of Mustafa Gafar
(no. 471). It is possible that it once formed part of
asingle large domicile with the above two houses, with a date
far earlier than its superficial appearance would suggest. The
house, owned by the SCA, was renovated in 2000.
Map sneet
18

Plan: Kunzel and Abdou 1997, 42

References Kunzel and Abdou 1997, 42
Conservation:SCA 2002, 199-212 (passin)

U4
Hammam al-Gamaliya
Before AH1152 AD1739

Map sheet
18

This hammam isatttached to the mosque of Said

al-Suada (no. 480), which it may have directly

served at some point inits history. It is no longer in

use, but the structure survives intact. The building

was registered as a monument (without a number) in 1986.

with Midan al-Gaysh, A small section of the wall connecting to

it, running north-south, can still be seen slightly to the north of
the gateway's location, which appears to have been almost
totally rebuilt by the Comito (see no. 352 above).
Plan' Creswell 1952, 25

References' Creswell 1952, 25-26

Conservation' BCCMAA
1925-26, 4-5

U9

Plan SCAArchive
References: Pauty 1933a, 52; Meinecke and Meinecke-BeQ 1980, 33

U5
Wikalat al-Mulla al-Kabira
Before AH1112 / AD1700
Mapsheet This wikala. known today as the wikala of Zaynab
Khatun, was used by coffee merchants. The building
istotally derelict, but the structure around the cen
tral courtyard isstill clearly visible at ground level,
Plan CMIPSurvey
References. Raymond and Wiet 1979, 284 (no. 241)

Mosque of Shams al-Din al-Ramli

Before AN957 ( AD1550
This Ottoman mosque is entered through a simple
trailobed portal, to the left of which lies an inscribed
marble plaque that belonged to a drinking-spout.
The interior comprises a main prayer space,the roof
of which is supported on a single antique column, with an
ancillary tomb chamber. Shams al-Din al-Ramli (d. AD1550)
was the son of Shehab al-Din al-Ramli, a famous Shafli mas
ter of jurisprudence (for whom the mosque was originally
built): both father and son are buried in the tomb chamber.
Plan: CMP Survey
Map sheet
25

U6

U10

Mosque of al-Shuhada

Bab al-Tawfiq

AN 7287 /AD 1864

AH480/ AD1087

'This Fatimid gateway to Cairo was excavated in 1960.

Wiet (1961) identified it with the Bab al-Bargiya (no.

614). The gate is approximately three meters below

ground level and consists of a simple pointed-arch
stone vault, an inscription in marble attached to its face identifies
Badr al-Gamali as its builder and gives the name of the gate and
the date of its construction. A subsequent facing (also Fatimid)
appears to have been added to the exterior of the vault to provide

Map sheet This nineteenth-century stone mosque (known also

by the name 'al-Hittu') provides a distinctive land
18
mark on Shari' al-Gamaliya It has a minaret over
its trilobed portal and a projecting wooden balcony
at first-floor level, which is the principal level of the mosque.
The main space has one lateral and one axial iwan, with a tomb
chamber adjacent to the latter.
Plon CMIPSurvey

References-Meinecke and Meineeke-Berg 1980, 33, Hanasy 1992, 47, 91-98

U7
House of al-Agam
AH1288 /AD1871

This nineteenth-century house was built by

Persian merchants, from which derives its local
name; the takiyat Iraniya. It originally comprised
three stories above a vaulted stone basement; the
topmost story has collapsed.

Map sheet
5

a machicoulis. The precise relationship between the Fatimid wall

and the Ayyubid wall that runs a few meters to the east at this
point can be resolved only through further excavation.
Plan' CMP Survey

References Wiet 1961, 13-20. Sayid 1998,478-24, Warner 1999, 287-89

Mapsheet
18

Plan. CMP Survey

U8
Bab al-Qantara
AN480 /AD 1087

The Bab al-Qantara, part of Badr al-Gamali's city

wall, was partially revealed by excavations under
taken by Achille Patricolo (head of the Comite's
Technical Bureau) in 1920. Today it lies hidden
beneath the surface of Shari' Amir al-Guyush at its junction
Map sheet
25

Ull

Tower no. 17

AN566 (?)/ AD1170 (2)

semicircular defensive tower seems to lie

roughly
Mapshee This
on the line of the northeastern wall of Cairo originally
5
constructed by Badr al-Gamali ca. AD1087. The tower
was probably part of Salah al-Din's reconstruction of
the walls of Badr al-(3amali before he undertook the project of

building his own fortifications around the city in 1176. The French
Expedition may have converted it to accommodate cannons in 1796.
The tower isfaced today in rough stonework with some dressed
stone elements. It was given the number 17 in 1902 during the sur
vey of the Ayyubid wall by the Austrian architect Edouard Matasek.
Pan CMP Survey

References' Warner 1999, 285

D ESC R IPTIVE

CATALOG U E

173

roofed over in concrete at first-floor level, is occupied by

U12

Mosque of Isma'il al-Sha'rani

Twelfth century (?)

An /Eighteenth century (?)AD
Map sheet This plain Ottoman mosque is entered through a

trilobed inscribed stone portal surrounded by deco

rative strapwork. Adjacent to the entrance isthe sur
viving base of the minaret The mosque itself (heav
ily renovated) iscomposed of two arched arcades carried on
marble columns with Corinthian capitals. The shaykh after whom
the mosque isnamed isburied in a room to the north, although
it seems likely that the tomb dates later than the mosque itself.
Plan. CMP Survey

diverse minor trades; the upper floors give an excellent idea of

the traditional layout of such a building.
Plan CMPSUrvey
References. Raymond and Wiet 1979, 262 (no 17)

12

U13
Sabil-kuttab of Ahmad Pasha
AH1281

f AD1864

U16
Hammam al-Nahhasin
Before AH1215 / AD1800
This bathhouse, often referred to as the 'hammam of
Galawun' on account of its proximity to the complex of
that name, was still functioning until 2002; groundwa
ter and sewage seepage necessitated its closure. It is
known also historically as the hammam al-Bayatira or the hammam
al-Saga. Abathhouse has existed on this site since the Fatimid peri
od, although the present structure is probably Ottoman in date. It
was registered as a monument in 1999 but has no number.
Map sheet
19

This sabil-kuttab, built by the uncle of Khedive

Tawfiq, is unique in that its facade curves away
from, rather than into, the street that it borders. It
is an extremely ornate building, even by the stan
dards of the Muhammad 'Ali period, with arched sabil openings
clad in marble, heavily carved wooden eaves, brightly colored
paintwork on the upper wooden loggia, and a clock integrated

Plan. Courtesy Dr. Atef Fahim, architect

References Pauty 1933a 53; Tuchscherer 1991, 322-23, 338 and n. 52;
SaVyid 1998, 324, Denoix t al, 1999.-18

into the decorative schema of the first floor Registered in the

Eleventh-thirteenth century AHi Seventeenth-nineteenth

century AD
a sugar refinery from which it
(properly
Map sheet This wikala
derives its popular name: 'the wikela of honey') is
located immediately opposite the wikala of Gamal
al-Din al-Dhahabi (no. 411) to the south. The rab' on
the upper floors appears to date to the nineteenth century, but
the stonework and corbeling of the ground floor indicate an ear
lier date for the foundation. Denaix et al. (1999) suggest a date
comparable to that of the wikala of Garnal al-Din al-Dhahabi.
Plan Ecole d'Architecture de Versailles 1987, 30

Mapsheet
12

1946-53 Bulletin without a number, the building has proved

impossible to access; the interior is under the jurisdiction of the
Ministry of Education.
Plan- None
References Meinecke and Meinecke-Berg 1980, 33. Hammsy 1992, 185-90;
Jaulert 2D7
Listing' BCCMAA 1933-35, 334; BCCMAA
1946-53. 318

U14
Wikalat al-Gulshaniya
Before AH1215 / AD1800
Map sheet A wikala has stood on this site since AD1554, but the
present structure may be a later rebuilding. The wikala,
19
with asabil-kuttab, is located immediately to the north
of the qaa of Muhib al-Din al Muwaqqi (no. 50). Its
current use is domestic, which may account for its good state of
preservation; both the ground floor and the first floorsurvive intact.
Plan. CMP Survey
References' naymond 1979a, 290 (no.60), Meinecke and Meinecke-Berg
1980, 33, Denoix et al. 1999, 1123-24

U15
Wikalat 'Ai al-Gazal
Before AH1160 / AD1747
Raymond and Wiet (1979) suggest that this unusu
ally named wikala ('Eyes of the Gazelle') may have
been associated with a military officer called Yusuf
ibn 'Ain al-Gazal, active in the mid-seventeenth
century The wikala is tiny but well preserved. Its courtyard,
Mapesheet
19

174

DESCRIPTIVE

CATAl

GF

U17
Wikalat al-'Asal

References Meinecke and Menecke-Berg 1980, 33: dcole dArchitecture de

Versailles 1987,29-30; Deniet al 1999, 11.56

U18
Synagogue of Ha'ir Capusi
Ca.AH1009-1349 / AD1600-1930
The famous rabbi and Kabbalist Haim Capusi (AD
1540-1131) arrived in Cairo from the Maghreb
before 1600. He is buried in Basatin. His complex in
the old Jewish Quarter of the city comprises an
entrance court, subsidiary rooms, a backyard, and the main
building. The synagogue seems to have been renovated in 1883
and most recently in the 1930s. Its plan combines both axial
and centralized geometries. The lavishly decorated marble
Torah Ark and pulpit are located on the cross-axis of the build
ing, with a dome raised on four columns between them. The
women's gallery and stair leading to it are intact, The building
was registered as a monument in 1987 but has no number.
Plan-ARCEEAP 1995,13
Map sheet
19

References. Cassurto 1988, 4-13: ARCE/EAP 1995

U19
Wikala of 'Umar ibn Trak
Eleventh-thirteenth century (?)AHI
Seventeenth-nineteenth century (2)AD
Map sheet
19

Although the fagade of this wikala dates from the

nineteenth century, stonework from a much earlier
period (possible the seventeenth century) survives
around its courtyard. The name of the wikala was

given byvlocal

informants.

Plan. SCAArchive

U20
House entrance, no. 22,

Shari' Khan Abu Takiya

Twelfth century AHI Eighteenth century AD

Mapsheet This substantial dog-legged stone-vaulted entrance
is part of a street fagade that survives complete
19
with its corbels. The interior of the courtyard
beyond is now occupied by industrial workshops,
but the remains of a large maq'ad can be seen in the south
western corner. The name of the house to which these compo
nents belong isunknown
Plan; CMP Survey

U21
Synagogue of Maimonides
Sixth-fourteenth century AH/ Twelfth-twentieth century AD
Map sheet Moses Maimonides, the famous Jewish doctor and
rabbi, settled in Cairo in AD1165 and was buried in
26
this synagogue upon his death in 1204. His body was
subsequently moved to Tiberias in Palestine. The syn
agogue itself has been rebuilt over the centuries; the last recon
struction, commemorating the 800th anniversary of Maimonides'
birth, likely dates to 1935 The complex comprises an entrance
court with an inscribed portal, subsidiary rooms, and a square
hall at a much lower level to the southeast, the latter (heavily
rebuilt) are what remains of the original synagogue the Ramban
Yeshiva. The main building isroofless; a wooden Torah Ark isset
on the eastern wall, and a raised marble pulpit at its center. The
women's gallery to the west is missing. The building was regis
tered as a monument in 1986. but it has no number.
Plan ARCEJEAP
1996, 12
References:Cassuto 1989, 4-13, ARCEIEAP 1996

U22
Karaite Synagogue
Thirteenth century AH / Nineteenth century AD
Mapsheet This synagogue is a simple, square stone building
with a marble inscription in Hebrew mounted above
26
the entrance. There is a first-floor women's gallery
on the western wall, which appears to have lost any
means of access it once had The ceiling has a large, wooden
elliptical starburst motif with a lantern at its center. The Torah

Ark, which must have been mounted on the eastern wall, is no

longer in situ, and the building is used as a workshop. An adja
cent building to the south, once belonging to the synagogue,
has been demolished.
Plan CMPSurvey

U23
Church of the Holy Order of St. Francis
An 1271 / An1854
This large church in classical style is the third
Mshee
church of the Franciscan Order to stand on this site,
28
part of which was occupied since the sixteenth cen
tury by the Venetian Embassy in Cairo. Saint Francis
visited Egypt inAD1219 and met with the Ayyubid sultan Malik
al-l(amil. Small Franciscan groups lived in Egypt for the next
four hundred years, but it was not until 1630 that the first pre
fect of the order arrived in Cairo and took up residence in the
Venetian Embassy. Attached to the present building is a large
annex built in 1932 that houses the friary and the Bibliotheque
du Centre Franciscain d'tudes Orientales Chrdtiennes.
Plra Bibliothirque do Centre Franciscain d'Itudes Orientals Chrftiennes
References Van Zeelst 1991, 1121-24

U24
Portal of the wikalat al-Mihmandariya
Eleventh century (?)AHI Seventeenth century (?)AD
wikala
Mapsheet The entrance portal of this typical Ottoman
survives intact, and traces of the arched stone units
surrounding the courtyard can still be discerned
among later accretive structures.
Plan, CMP Survey
References. Raymond and Wiet

1979, 282, 228; Denoix et al. 1999,

11.56-57

U25
Structure adjacent to Ayyubid wall
Thirteenth century (2)AN/ Nineteenth century (2)AD
sheet During the course of excavation of the Ayyubid
Ma
wall (see no. 307) in this area, an unidentified,
windowless stone structure was revealed at a
much higher stratum than the wall itself. This
takes the form of a vaulted room flanked by four other vault
ed rooms, two on each side. The level of the foundation sug
gests that it may have been constructed during the nine
teenth century, perhaps as part of the cemetery of alGhurayib in this area, although the orientation of the build
ing is not that of a tomb. It is included here principally to dis
tinguish it from the adjacent wall, from which it is complete
ly separate in time and space.
Plan CMP Survey
References Warner 1999, 295-96

D ES5C RI PTI V E CECRPTAECATALOGUE

175

U26
Minaret and portal to the
madrasat al-Ghanamiya
Twelfth century (7)AMI Eighteenth century (?)AD

The
minaret and portal to the madrasat alGhanamiya (no. 96) still stand on the adjacent street.

The minaret's lower story is original, with a crude

upper tier added to it, and isbuilt directly over the
portal that led into the complex. The other parts of the building
have been destroyed.
Plan. Survey of Egypt 1500 Cadastral Plan
Mapsheet
13

References Creswell 1919, 113-14; Pauty 1933b, 46, 80 (no. 23); SetonWillams and Stocks 1988, 265; Meinecke 1992, 11:253
Listing and conservation: Hero1914 [1882-1910], 61; BCCMAA
1915-19,
89, 110-14, 511,518, 546, 554, 583, 695, 773, 778: BCCAIAA
1920-24,
339, 360; BCCMAA 1930-32, 144, 163

U27
Takiya of Abu'l Dbahab
Ca.AH1318 / AD1900
Mapsheet

13

This building was constructed over and around

parts of the complex of Abu'l Dhahab (see nos. 62
and 98) at the end of the nineteenth century. The
structure isstone, with three courtyard spaces (one

containing the ablutions area for the mosque) that have fine
wooden balustrades and a wooden inner structure that extends
up to three stories. The building iscurrently unoccupied.

columns, although the mosque has been recently extended to the

west. Only the antique parts of the plan are shown on the map
sheet The mihrab and marblework are all modern. The squinch
es of the dome over the tomb chamber are unusually complex for
the period, although the construction above them ismodern, as
isthe minaret above the main entrance.
Plan: CMP Survey
References. Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988, 267

U30
Hammam al-Sharaybi
Twelfth century AH/ Eighteenth century AD
This bathhouse was entirely reconstructed after its
demolition inthe 1970s but isnow permanently shut.
It was subsequently registered as a monument in
1985, in conjunction with the wikala of al-Sharaybi
(no. 460), but without a number.
Map sheet
20

Plan, Prof. Dr. Saleh Lames,

Centre for the Conservation and Preservation of
Islamic Architectural Heritage
references. Pauty 1933a, 54

U31
Zawiyat al-Harisi
Twelfth century (?)AH( Eighteenth century (?)AD
This small Ottoman zowiya has an extremely ornate
fagade with decorative stone strapwork.

Map sheet
20

Piln: Courtesy, Seif el-Pashidi

Plan, Courtesy M Ai Armayem

U28

Wikala of Bakr Shurbagi (?)

U32

Eleventh century AHf Seventeenth century AD

Map sheet The entrance to this wikala has been completely
filled in by a modern shop-unit, but the interior
13
courtyard is well preserved, with stone arches
around the perimeter at the ground and first stones,
and remnants of d brick second story. The fagade is ruined, but
the remains of broken vaults on the second floor are visible
from the street. Raymond and Wiet (1979) indicate a wikala of
the above name in this location.

Ottoman mnaq'ad

Plra: CMP Survey

References. Raymond and Vet 1979, 265 (no, 47)

U29
Mosque of Ahmad al-Dardir
Ca.AH 1200/ AD 1785

DMapsheet Ahmad al-Dardir (AD1715-86) was a famous shaykh

of the Khalawati order of Sufis and gives his name
13
to the street on which his mosque stands. His tomb
in this mosque is a much-venerated shrine. The
mosque is approached through a trilobed portal with inlaid tiles
and decorative strapwork. A baffled corridor leads into a prayer
hall that preserves its two original arcades, supported on antique

176

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

Twelfth century (2)All / Eighteenth century (2)AD

This triple-arched maq'ad, although walled in, is remarkably
Map shee well preserved, with an intact decorated wood ceil
ing. The placement of the maqad's ancillary rooms
20
on vaults above the adjacent street to the south is
an unusual feature.
PRon. CMP Survey

U33
Wikalat al-Sayf

Thirteenth century AHI Nineteenth century AD

This isa fine nineteenth-century interpretation of the tradi

2apsheet tional Cairene style of wikala; its long, narrow
internal court is covered by a wooden roof with
20
malgafs. The fagade treatments are entirely clas
sical.
Plan:Bulletin d'Information Architecturale 1983 (upsaginated)
References* Bulletin dInformation Architecturale 1983, Jaubert 1995, 209
[no. 73)

U34'
Cathedral of St. Nicholas
Mlapshee

AH 1306 f AD1888
This eathedral-church of the Greek Orthodox faith is

a rectangular building with eight columns within

supporting arches, from which spnngs a large ellip
tical painted wood ceiling; a spiral stair, leading to
an ornamental pulpit, winds around one of the columns in the
nave. A large cornice around the internal perimeter of the
building supports acolumned wooden gallery, forming an ellip
tical arch over the wooden altar screen, which isheavily carved
and isadorned with a variety of icons. All the furniture is orig
inal. The fagade is decorated with romanesque-style windows,
and porticos flank the main and side entrances. There is asep
arate campanile and contemporary administrative block, which
houses the offices of the bishop.
20

Plan CMP Survey

U35
Hammam al-Gabali
Map sheet

20

the present construction dates to the period of 'Abbas I.The

dome over the tomb is imposing in scale and isthe only part of
the complex left standing after demolition work in 2000
destroyed the large mosque to the south of the tomb and the
minaret, prior to the construction of new facilities.
Plan. CMP Survey

U38
Hammam Darb al-Ahmar
Twelfth century (2)AHI Eighteenth century [?) An

M s
Mapsheet
14

This is a typical Ottoman bathhouse with a doglegged entrance, a columned disrobing space,
and domed hot room with smaller ancillary
chambers. It is still in use. The structure may be
considerably older than the given date, as a bathhouse is
known to have existed in this location since the early four
teenth century, under the name 'Aydaghmish which was
also the name given to a postern gate (now lost) in the nearby
Fatimid wall.
Pion: Courtesy Dr Atef Fahimn
References: Pauty 19333, 57; Seton-Watson 2000. 57

Before AH601 / AD1205

This ancient bathhouse was apparently built by a
governor of Cairo, Izz al-Din Ibrahim The building
has been substantially demolished.

U39
Wikala of Yusuf Agha Dar al-Sa'ada
AH1088 / AD1877

shet
Map

Plan: Courtesy DrAtef Fahim

References Pauty1933a, 55

U36
Sabil of Umm Husayn Bey
ca. AH1267 / AD1851
This is the sabil of a wife of Muhammad 'All called
Unm Husayn Bey. It was moved by the Comite from
27
its original emplacement further south on the Khalig
al-Masri opposite the mosque of 'Abd al-Chani alFakhri (no- 184), which was restored by the same patron in the
1840s The sabil now stands on the western side of the mosque
of Gadi Yayha (no, 182). It has an elaborate bow-fronted fagade,
overhung by painted wood eaves, with marble inscriptions and
bronze grilles on the sabil windows. Although the sabil was reg
istered in the last years of the Comit6, it never received a number.
Plan. SCAArchive
References. Pauty 1935, 26 n. I
Lrsting andconservaton: BCCMAA 1933-35, 333; BCCMAA 1946-53, 233,
240, 31B

U37
Tomb of Fatma al-Nabawiya
Map sheet
14

Raymond (2000) has demonstrated, by reference to

the surviving waqf, that this wikala dates to the
same period as the sabil-kuttab of Yusuf Agha alHabashi (no. 230) to which it is adjacent. A fine stone portal
leads to a vaulted passage and courtyard, both of which pre
serve their original stone flooring. All of the arches around the
courtyard, however, have been walled up, perhaps for struc
tural reasons. There isa separate entrance to the derelict but
still inhabited living units at first-floor level from the street
14

Ca.AH1267 1 AD1850
This tomb is the most important shrine inthis quarter of Cairo, containing the remains of a female
member of the Prophet's family. It is likely that a
tomb has stood on this site since Fatimid times, but

behind the building.

Plan: Courtesy M Abu'l Amayem (portal only)

References. Raymond 2000

U40

Zawiya of Arif Pasha

AH1284 / AD1868

This isan unregistered but architecturally significant

monument at the intersection of the Darb al-Ahmar
and the Suq al-Silah It has a stone facade with a
portal, an Ottoman-style cornice, and high-level
elliptical windows lighting the prayer space at first-floor level.
A kuttab is located in adjacent rooms on the first floor. The
base of the original minaret survives. Internally there is one
inscription over the mibrab. The date of the complex is probably
older than that given here, which is the date of a restoration
by a minister of Khedive Ismal The entire building isderelict
and isin serious danger of collapse.
Map sheet
14

Plan: CMP Survey

References: Hamamsy 1992, 62-63

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOU E

177

U41
Zawiya of 'All al-Maghrabi
AN1282 (?)IAD 1866 (?)
Map sheet This unregistered zawiya shares stylistic character
istics with the almost adjacent zawlya of Arif Pasha
14
(040). It consists of a simple prayer space with a
store mihrab, the roof of which is supported by a
single marble column. This is flanked to the north and south by
tomb chambers; the southern chamber contains the tomb of
the individual after whom the mosque is named.

U45
Maq'ad to the east of the Bab Zuwayla
Twelfth century (?) ANf Eighteenth century (?)AD

This maqad ispart of an Ottoman house that was built

immediately adjacent to the original staircase leading

up to the platform of the Bab Zuwayla. It faces a tiny

courtyard to the north. The house isowned by the SCA,
but it isin a state of severe structural dilapidation
Map sheet
21

Plan CMP Survey

Han. CMP Surey

U42
Hammam al-Qirabiya
Twelfth century C?)AM/ Eighteenth century (R)AD
the
Mip sheet This bathhouse has two entrances: one opposite
zawiya of 'Al Negm (no. 208) and the other from
21
the parallel alley to the south. This disrobing room
and the main rooms of the bath are no longer con
nected, but the structure is still intact. The disrobing room has
fine marble columns and a wooden lantern, and is occupied by
a carpentry workshop. The rest of the bathhouse, with multiple
domes, is a leather goods workshop,

AN1321 / AD 1903

Map sheet This building was constructed to house both the

27and 21 Khedival Library (now transferred to the Dar alKuttub) and the collection of Islamic antiquities
that the Comit& had amassed since the 1880s; the
collection is housed in the lower half of the building, It was
designed in the Islamiestyle' by the Italian architect (and member
of the Comcte) Alfonso Manescalo and has now been registered
as a monument (without a number) in its own right. Attached to
the museum isa garden that displays some of the more durable
pieces of the collection. In 2000, a major project was initiated

to renovate the building and move some of the collections to the

Diwan of Schools in the Citadel (UB3).

Pon. Courtesy Dr.Atef Fahlum

References:Pauty 1933a, 57

U43
House of Hanafi al-Bayda,

no. 4, 'Atfat Isma'il Kashif

Twelfth century AHI Eighteenth century AD

Mapsheet
21

U46
Islamic Museum

Plan Courtesy Said ai-Komi Consulting Engineers

References. Seton-Wiiliiams and Stocks 1988, 277; Sakr 1992, 22-24. Reid
2002, 237-39
Listng and conservation: BCCMAA 1901, 80-83, 127-28; BCCMAA 19F2,
37-38, 61-62, 74-75, 124-125, BCCMAA 1903, 16, 25-26, 54-55,
BCCMAA 1904, 24, 68, BCCMAA 1907, 65-66

This was a good example of an eighteenth-century

middle-class house, built around a small court

yard with a qa'a on the first floor. It was demol
ished in 1998,

Plan Hanna 1991, 117

References:HIanna 1991, 116-17

U47
Mosque of Ragab Agha
Ca. AH1267 / AD1850

U44

Sabil-kuttab, no. 5, Shari' al-Magharbellin

Twelfth century (?)ANI Eighteenth century (?)AD

This Ottoman sabil-kuttab is an architectural
curiosity in that it has a nineteenth-century addi
tion above the kuttab with afine projecting wooden
window. The kuttab has been blocked up, and all
floors are now occupied by individual dwellings.
Plan, CMP Survey
Map sheet
21

Map sheet This mosque, elevated above shops, was originally

built during the Muhammad 'Ali period to conform
28
to the geometry of the new thoroughfare of Shari'
Muhammad 'Ali. It was subsequently restored by
Khedive Ismall A simple trilobed portal opens onto a steep
flight of stairs that leads to the prayer space. Wooden columns
support the roof. A separate entrance leads to the ablutions
area at ground level.
Plan CMP Survey

U48
House, no. 5, Shari' al-Qirabiya
Map she

21

Thirteenth century AHI Nineteenth century AD

This house is a fine example of a late nineteenthcentury apartment building with elaborate mashrablya

windows set overa rusticated stone base with pilasters.

Its inner court originally functioned as a stable.

Plan. CMP Survey

178

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOVUE
C A TA LOG UE

UJ49
Maq'ad, no. 14, Shari' al-Ganibakiya
Twelfth century (?)AH/ Eighteenth century (?)AD

Map sheet
21

This rnaq'ad, now blocked-up, is part of an Ottoman

house that was probably constructed in the late eigh
teenth century The openings of the maqad originally
gave onto acourtyard, traces of which are still visible.

Plan. CMP Survey

U50

Rab'-wikala, no. 8, Darb al-Dalil

Eleventh century (?)AH I Seventeenth century (2) AD

Map sheet This building has an intact corbeled stone facade to
the street; its portal, decorated with stone strap
14
work, leads into a much deteriorated courtyard
space. This isbordered to the west by two suiviving
stone arches of the wikala, while on the street side there isan
intact maqad The maq'ad has two arches, supported by acen
tral marble column of unique design: it iscarved to resemble a
stylized palm-tree and is surmounted by a composite capital
with acanthus leaves, panthers, and birds. The stone floor and
undecorated wooden coffered ceiling are in good condition,
and there are high-level keel-arched niches that are stylistical
ly similar to those seen in other seventeenth-century domestic
structures. Beneath the maq'ad are living units that also pre
serve their original decorated wooden ceilings.
Plon CMP Survey (first floor)

U51
The Citadel: Wall of the Northern Enclosure
AH579-1242 / AD1183-1826
The majority of the walls, towers, and gates that
are shown on the accompanying map sheets (with
1,2,e
the exception of Towers 6, H,J,K,I, and M)were
originally built by Salah al-Din and subsequently
reinforced by his brother al-Adil or his nephew al-Kamil. They

include some masterpieces of defensive masonry construction.

The walls were cleared of rubble by the Comite in 1923 and

were later comprehensively documented by Creswell. Although

there isno question that the walls surrounding both the north
ern and southern enclosures of the Citadel are registered antiq
uities, they appear to have never been separately indexed with

their own registration numbers (with the exception of the Bab

al-Mudarrag (no 556 [map sheet 9)). The towers shown on

these map sheets are, proceeding counterclockwise, as follows:

Sheet 1:

A A small round-fronted tower built by Salah-al-Din and

unmodified
B: Burg al-Ramla ('the Sand Tower'): a small round-fronted
tower built by Salah al-Din and extended by al-Adil or alKamil.
C Burg al-Haddad ('the Blacksmith's Tower)- a small round
fronted tower built by Salah al-Din and extended by al-Adil
or al-Karnil.

D: A small round-fronted tower built by Salah-al-Din and

unmodified
F Burg al-Sahra ('the Desert Tower'). a small round-fronted
tower built by Salah-al-Din with an inner square structure
built by al-Adri or al-Kamil together with a pastern gate
This tower isshown on the map of the Description de 'tgypte
(ktot Moderne I pl. 26) as being much larger perhaps it
incorporated the curving vaulted structure that can still be
seen immediately outside it (U71). The outer facing of the
wall is late Mamluk
Sheets 1 and 2:
F A small round-fronted tower built by Salah-al-Din, but
demolished by the Manluk sultan Ganbalat in AD1501 to
make way for an artillery platform. Running south from this
wall is a surviving section of the original Ayyubid enclosure
wall, its continuation (shown dashed, after Creswell) was
substantially demolished by Muhammad 'All in the con
struction of the Harim Palace (no. 612). He replaced the
Ayyubid wall with a new one set on an alignment further to
the north, which included:
Sheet 2:
6: A large round-fronted tower constructed in AD1827. The
wall continues west to link with Tower H.
Sheet 9:
H An Ottoman round fronted tower This small tower was
built in the sixteenth century as part of a new curtain wall.
1: Burg al-Ahmar ('the Red Tower'). The remains of this square
tower or keep, originally constructed by al-Kamil inAD1207,
were later incorporated into Muhammad 'All's Harim Palace
(no. 612). A now-demolished companion to this tower, also
square, further to the southwest, isshown on the map of the
Description de figypte ( tot Moderne 1,pl. 26)
J; An Ottoman round-fronted tower. This small tower was
built in the sixteenth century as part of a new curtain wall.
K: Burg al-Wustani. 'The Middle Tower' was constructed by
the Ottomans in the sixteenth century and takes the form
of a large, circular two-story tower, with its counterpart,
the Burg al-Muqattam, to the east (see tower M).
L: Bab al-Qulla. This gate ('of the Water-pot') was and is the
link between the two enclosures of the Citadel, It was orig
inally part of a curtain wall (AD1260-77), constructed by
Baybars al-Bunduqdar, but the current gate has a sixteenth
century Ottoman base of two faceted towers, over which
has been superimposed a structure dating to the period of
Muhammad 'Ali
Sheet 2:
M: Alarge circular tower, named Burg al-Muqattam (after the
hills to the east of the Citadel), constructed by the Ottomans
in the sixteenth century. A secondary curtain wall extends
from this tower to the south, wraps around the Bir Yusuf
(no 305) and joins the corner of the mosque of al-Nasir
Muhammad (no. 143)
N: Burg al-Suffa ('the Alignment Tower') constructed by alKamil in 1207, and so named because it includes a shift in
its square plan to accommodate a change in alignment of
the wall. This tower isshown on the map sheet indotted line
since it lies beneath a later structure of Muhammad 'Ali,

DFSCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

179

0: Burg al-Alwa ('the View Tower'), an unmodified tower of

Salah al-Din.
P: Burg al-Kirkilyan ('the Tower of the Forty Serpents') con
structed by al-Kamil on a square plan.
Q: An unnamed tower of Salah al-Din.
R: Burg al-Turfa ('the Masterpiece Tower'), the largest of the
towers constructed by al-Kamil on a square plan. The area
inside the walls extending west from the Burg al-Turfa to
the Burg al-Kirkilyan (P above) has been excavated and
presents a mass of enigmatic structures dating from at
least the Mamluk, if not the Ayyubid, period
S. Burg al-Matar ('the Flight Tower'). This in fact comprises
two round-fronted towers flanking the Bab al-Qarafa, a
gate constructed by Salah al-Din but subsequently walled
up by Sultan Ganbalat. Al-Kamil used the upper platform as
the station for carrier-pigeons, hence the name
T Burg al-Muballat (the Paved Tower'). constructed by Salah
al-Din on a ninety-degree corner in the wall. On the return
of the wall to Tower U is a small Ottoman tower built to
block a postern gate.
U: Burg al-Muqusar ('the Pavilion Tower'), an original round
fronted tower of Salah al-Din.
V: An unnamed round-fronted tower of Salah al-Din.
W: Burg al-Imam, which comprises twin round-fronted towers
built by ,alah al-Din flanking a gate into the Citadel with a
bent entance. The gate's towers were extended outwards
by al-Karmil, but the entrance was subsequently walled-up
by Sultan Ganbalat. The towers became the residence of the
imam of the nearby mosque of Sulayman Pasha (no. 142)
during the Ottoman period, which gave rise to their name.
Plans: Creswell 1959, 1-40 passim; Towers A-E Creowell 1959, inserts
after 22 and 26, Tower 0: SCAArchive; Tower L SCAArchive; Tower 1
Creswell 1959, fig. 13 after p 30 and CMP Suricy; Towers Kand M
(first floor) CMP Survey
References Creswell 1959, 1-40; Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988,
362-69; Mackenzie 1992, 58-69, Lyster 1993, 86-88: Rabbat 1995,
50-9 Bierian 1998, 134 (Burg al-Imam); Sayyid 199B, 634-43
Listing and conselvatfon: SCCMAA 1946-53, 244, 247, 248

U52
Tomb of Shaykh Ibrahim al-Giza
Eleventh century (?)AH/ Seventeenth century (?)AD
ap sheet
Map

This isa simple tomb with a stone base and a plastered-brick dome, located under the walls of the

Citadel. It isoriented north-south, like the tombs of

U53
Tomb of Shaykh 'Uthman al-Fathi
Eleventh century (?)AH I Seventeenth century (?)AD
Map sheet This simple tomb, named on the Survey of Egypt
1:500 Cadastral Plan and the 1950 Map of
1
Mohammedan Monuments, is slightly smaller than
its neighbor (U52), but shares the same north
south orientation and construction: namely, a stone base, dec
orative stone squinches, and a plastered-brick dome. It also has
a flat, decorated stone mihrab.
Plan. CMP Survey

U54
The Citadel: Army Barracks
ca. At 1244 1 AD1828

This is one of the numerous buildings erected by

Muhammad 'Ali to house his troops (the Nizam
al-Gedid, led by his son Ibrahim Pasha], They
share the same characteristics of design, most of
them being two-story structures with a stone ground floor
and a rendered brick upper-floor with projecting balconies.
Many of these structures have been demolished, but others
remain and are either empty or used as offices by the SCA.
Two buildings-single-story former army mess halls, located
on the southern perimeter of the enclosure-have been con
verted into the Royal Carriage Museum and 'the Museum of
Stolen Things.'
Mapsheet
and 2

Plan Buckland Citadel Survey, 1913

References: Lyster 1993, 103

U55
Tomb of al-Marghani
Thirteenth century AHI Nineteenth century AD
Map sheet This is a simple stone-domed tomb within a court

yard that is flanked to the east by the remains of

the so-called tomb of Sandal al-Mangaki (no, 327),
and a takiya, known also by the name al-Marghani

Plan CMPSurvey
Listmng
and conservation BCCMAA
1898, 24 iclassiication of eastern gate
of takiya)

U56

the southern cemetery, and has decorated stone

trilobed squinches. The tomb (which appears on the map of the

House, no. 45, Shari' al-Mahgar

Description de !'Egypte [tat Moderne I, pl. 26], the Survey of

Map sheet This late nineteenth-century house was originally

composed of four stories, with one apartment per
floor; a fifth floor was later added. The fagade has
some fine wooden balconies and details.

Egypt 1:500 Cadastral Plan, and the 1950 Map of

Mohammedan Monuments) is now flanked by a modern zawiya

to the north.
lan CMP Survey

180

DESCRIPTIVE

All 1334/ AD1915

Plan: Ground floor, Kunzel and Abdou 1997, 26

References, Kunel and Abdou 1997, 26

CATAIOVUE
C A T ALOGUF

U57

Plan: Hanna 1991, 85

References: Hanna 1991, 82-85, Jaubert 1995, 198

House, no. 2, 'Atfat al-Zelahi

U61

ca. AH1267 / AD1850

Map sheet This house, known as Bayt Sukkar, was originally

composed of three stories. It has one apartment per
floor, with a Fine wooden balcony at first-floor level.
The house was rehabilitated in 1999 by the EA.
Plan Ground floor, Kinzel and Abdou 1997, 28
References Kunnel and Abdou 1997, 28; ARCE/EAP 1999, 11-27

U58
Zawiya and tomb of Shaykh 'Abdallah al-Baz
Eleventh century (2)AHI Seventeenth century (?)AD
Map sheet To the north of the Palace of Alnq al-Nasiri (no.
249) and the east of the moscue of Khayrbak (no
andsh
248 lay the khanqah and tomb of Shaykh 'Abdallah
al-Baz, possibly dating to the seventeenth century.
All that remains of the complex is the zawrya attached to the
side of the palace and the shaykh's freestanding octagonal
tomb, which was restored by the Comite between 1941 and
1945. The zawiya has a double groin-vault in stone and a
mihrab that is radically skewed to achieve an improved qibla
orientation. It is approached from a ruined vaulted space to the
west, the entrance of which (now blocked) lies between the cor
ners of the two adjacent monuments. The door is under a series
of three remarkable relieving arches that support a passageway
from the tomb of Khayrbak to the Palace of Alnaq.
Plan: Revault and Maury 1977, B7.and CMP Survey
References; Revault and Maury 1977, 62 n. 5
Conservaton. BCCMAA 1941-45, 52, 151,240

Rab' al-Tabbana
AH921-22

AD 1516

Although this building gives its name to this seetion of the Darb al-Ahmar, and is an extremely
15
important and early example of the rab' typology in
Cairo, it remains unregistered. Some units of the
rab' are still intact, while others have been blocked up and still
others demolished and rebuilt in concrete. Most of the building
itself, which originally had fourteen bays with ground-floor and
upper-floor apartments, and a stone vaulted passage leading to
the rear, are still clearly visible
Map sheet

Plan-Zakariya 1980, insert facing 278

References-Zakariya 1980: Hanna 1991, 61, 63, Garein 1997, 73-79

U62
New mosque of Qawsun
All 1311/ AD 1893

1Iwithin
This mosque was built by Khedive 'Abbas
sMapheet
the
respecting
202),
(no.
Qawsun
of
mosque
old
the
22
new alignment of Shari' Muhammad 'Ali. There is a
connection (disused) to the back door of the origi
nal mosque. The qibla wall of the mosque is also built on the
older structure.
Plan SCAArchive
References Hamamsy 1992, 55-56; seealso Karim 2002 passim

U63
U59
House of 'Umar Agha
AH1063 ) AD 1652

'mar Agha's house is adjacent to his tomb and sabil

(no. 240); much of the upper story, which projects
over shop units at ground level, has been destroyed.
The original entrance to the house is obscured by a
modern shop fagade. The house probably occupied the entire
corner site at one time, as there is another contemporaneous
entrance on the street to the west
Map sheet
15

Plan:Harna 1991, 97
Refercences:Hanna 1991, 95-97
Conservation, BCCMAA 1941-45, 15 (faqade repaired)

U60

House, no. 6, Shari' Hammam Bashtak

Eleventh century AHI Seventeenth century AD

Mao sheet
15

This is asurviving example of a typical middle-class

Ottoman house. Intact and fully occupied, it is built
of stone with projecting corbels supporting an
upper story.

House, no. 52, Shari Muhammad 'Ali

AH1290 / AD1873

This house originally had two stories above the

arcade to the street, it is one of the few surviving
examples of the original architecture of Shari'
Muhammad 'Ali The uppermost story has been
demolished, but the first floor preserves a characteristic
Ottoman arcaded wooden balcony.
Map st
22

Pan Ground floor, Kunzel and Abdou 1997, 40

References Kunzel and Abdou 1997, 40

U64
House, no. 15, Harat Ahmad Pasha Yaken
AH1334 / AD1915
This building was originally designed as a fourMap sheet
demol
15 and 22 story apartment block. The top story was
ished after the 1992 earthquake. It has a stuccoed
favade and balconies with wrought-iron railings
Plan. Kunzel and Abdou 1997, 32
References. Kunzel and Abdou 1997, 32

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

181

U65

U69

House, no. 18, Harat Ahmad Pasha Yaken

Mosque of Mustafa Fadil Pasha

Ca.An 1334 / AD1915

An1280 / AD1863
Map sheet Mustafa Fadil Pasha was the younger half-brother

This apartment block currently has three stories,

plus a basement. This building is derelict, having

been damaged by the 1992 earthquake, after which
most of its occupants left. It has a fine bowed pro
jection on its stuccoed faqade.
Pan. Kundel and Abdou 1997, 34
Map sheet
22

References Kunzel and Abdou 1997, 34

U66
House, no. 12, Harat Ahmad Pasha Yaken
Map sheet
22

CaAH1334 /AD 1915

This apartment block was designed with four sto
the top story has now been demolished. It has
ries.
a projecting bay, wrought-iron railings on all its
balconies, and decorative plaster swags.

Plan. Kuncel and Abdou 1997, 36

References. Kunzel andAbdou 1997, 36

of Khedive Ismail. Accused of treason, he was

exiled to Istanbul. lis mother, Ulfat Qadin [the
widow of Ibrahim Pasha), built the mosque for him
in 1863. The mosque has an inscribed portal, which leads to a
vestibule immediately in front of the portal of the original
mosque of Bashtak (no 205). There is an ablutions court to the
south of the vestibule, beyond which lie the remains of ancil
lary structures. The mosque itself is a simple series of arched
arcades supported on reused antique columns (some of which
are granite). An inscribed doorway leads off the prayer hall to
the south into a domed and columned tomb chamber of
Mustafa Fadil and his mother (dated AH1296 ! AD1878). One
elaborate marble cenotaph survives; the other has disintegrat
ed. The walls of the chamber are painted with geometric pat
terns, and the craftsmanship-of the metal grilles, carved mar
ble, and mashrablya screens-is of extremely high quality,
29

Plan. CMP Surey

References. Mantran 1972, 224-25; Seton-Wililarms and Stocks 1988, 345,

U67

House, no. 6, Harat Ahmad Pasha Yaken

Mapsheet
22

AH1346 / AD1927
This apartment block, with two units per floor, was
originally designed with four stories the top story
has now been demolished. Notewcrthy features
include balcones with enclosed wooden screens

PlaniKunzel and Abdcu 1997,38

References Kounzel

and Abdou 1997, 38

U68
Sabil of Ulfat Qadin
AH1280 /AD1863
Map sheet This is a typical Ottoman-style bow-fronted sabil,
built by the mother of Mustafa Fadil Pasha (see

29
U69), the brother of Khedive Ismail, on the site of

the khanqah of Bashtak. The ornate floral bronze

grilles appear to be intact but are boarded over. The marble

cladding and inscriptions are generally in good condition,
although marred bygraffiti. The building is used as astoreroom
and is permanently locked. The sabil was part of a structure
(probably housing the kuttab) that extended around it. The
building was registered in the dying days of the Comit6 but has
no official number.
Plan Inaccessible
References- Pauty 1936, 26; Mantran 1972, 224-25; Seton-Willliams and
Stocks 1988, 345; Hamamsy 1992, 182-84; ;i-Harithy 2000, 230 and
n 77 (for the khanqah of Bashtak)
Listng. BCCMAA, 1933-35, 333, SCCMAA 1946-53, 318

182

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

Hamamsy 1992, 82-91

Conservation. 8CCMAA 146-53, 318

U70
Mosque of 'Al al-Tarrabi
Eleventh century (2)AM/ Seventeenth century (?)AD
Three sides of the stone perimeter wall of this
large enclosure mosque survive, together with a
simple stone mihrab (of unknown date), whose on

Mapsheet

entation isskewed by some 30 degrees to achieve

the correct qibla alignment
Plan- Survey of Egypt 1500 Cadastral Plan

U71
Well, quarry, and ancillary structures
AH572-89 (?)/ AD1176-93 (?)
At the foot of the Citadel inthis area lie a number
of enigmatic remains that are here grouped under
a single reference number. First of these is a stone
quarry, which lends its name ['al-Mahgar') to the
entire adjacent area, it may have been one source of the stone
used inthe construction of the Citadel during the Ayyubid peri
od To the west of the quarry are the ruins of a substantial
stone structure (named 'Saba Salatin' on the 1950 Map of
Mohammedan Monuments) with stone barrel vaults (not sur
veyed) On the eastern edge of the quarry rises a vast elongat
edstone tower The walls of this tower enclose, at their west
ern end, a forty-five-meter-deep rock-cut shaft, which almost
certainly was designed as a well for the use of the Citadel dur
ing the Ayyubid period, with a waterwheel at its top (named
the 'sakyeh sysaryeh' on the Description de figypte map [ot
Moderne 1,pl. 26]) This would account for the height of the
Map shee
1

building, the top of which ison a level with the bottom of the
Citadel walls. Behind the well-shaft at the higher level is a
stone chamber with a pointed-arch vault, very similar to other
Ayyubid military constructions. Immediately below the Burg alis a curving section of a brick barrel-vault on
Sahra (UslE1)
stone walls with some visible arrow slits, which may be part of
a postern gate outside this tower (see 1151T). This structure is
also visible on the Description map.
Plan* Survey of Egypt 1,500 Cadastral Planand CMP Survey
fReferences Creswell 1959, 26

U72
Bayt al-Gazia

Twelfth century [?) AHf Eighteenth century (2)AD

map sheet This house, known locally as Bayt al-Gazia, has pre
served its first-floor maq'ad and a qa'a. The maqad

1s
retains a fine marble column (perhaps reused) deco
rated with a fleur de uIsand inscribed with the name
of an 'Amir Mustafa', the rest of the inscription isobscured. The
qa'a contains some fine examples of decorative mashrabiya.
Access to the courtyard isfrom an arched stone gate. Much of
the street elevation has vanished in a recent masonry collapse.
Plan* CMP Survey

U73
House, no. 24, Harat Salim Pasha
Twelfth century (?)AUj Eighteenth century (?)AD
Mapsheet The portal, modified entrance passage, and maq'ad
of this Ottoman courtyard house survive; the
15
maq'ad has been converted into living units and is
inaccessible.
Plcan:CMP Survey

U74
Wikala of Mustafa Sinan

street. Three additional stories survived until the end of the

nineteenth century: corbels remain, but the building's vertical
scale is evident only in photographs in the Comit archives.
Plan: CMP Survey

U76
Wikala, no. 4, Suq al-Silah
Eleventh century (7)An I Seventeenth century (?)AD
units of this Ottoman wrkala, located
Map sheet Ten shoppuiso
immediately to the north of the gate of Mangak
15

al-Yusufi (no. 247), survive at ground-floor level,

with corbels above them The upper floors have
now disappeared, but the remaining evidence suggests that
this was yet another fine wikalafrab' situated on the important
artery of Suq al-Silah.
Plan: CMp Survey

U77
Wikala of Qaytbay al-Surugiya
Before AH902 / AD1496
and Wiet (1979) list this wRkala under the
Raymond
Malpsheet
name used in the Description de l'gypte: wikalat
22
al-Farrain' All that survives today is the vaulted
entrance passage, above which is a fragment of the
original inscription band, naming al-Ashraf Gaytbay as the
founder. Photographs commissioned by the Comiti (and pub
lished in the 1893 Bulletin) show that the wikala had an
unusual inscription band similar to that found on Qaytbay's
wikala at Bab al-Nasr (no. 9) mounted above corbel level. This
was demounted and taken to the Islamic Museum prior to the
destruction of much of the remainder of the building.
Plan: CMP Survey (portal areaonly)
1894, 1.500-504; Raymond and Wiet 1979, 242
References:Van Berechen
(no. 9) and 289 (no. 90), Behrens-Abouseif 1998, 40 and n 61
Listing and conservation: BCCMAA 1893 (2nd ed), 33-34, 86-87; BCCMAA 1894, 1

AN1040 / AD1630

heetTwo arched units of this once large wkala survive,

buried deep inthe ground. It seems likely from their
orientation that they were part of a wikala that
was constructed with the sabil Mustafa Snan (no.
246). The wikala is classified together with the sabil in the

1927-29 Bolletin, but it isunclear when the listing was revised.

Plan: CMP Survey

U78

15

References Raymond 1979a, 248 (no.20)

Usting and conservation: BCCMAA 1927-27, 189 (classification)

U75

Wikala, no. 23, Suq al-Silah

Eleventh century AU/ Seventeenth century AD

Map sheet
is

This wikala/rab', which occupies the block immedi

ately to the south of the mosque of Ilgay al-Yusufi
(no. 131) on the Suq al-Slah, preserves its bent
entrance and ground-floor shop units facing the

Hammam al-Dud

ca.

AH658-thirteenth century/ AD1259-ninetenth century

sheet Adouble bathhouse seems to have stood on this site

Map
Mapsheet-Dna-u
since 1259 when the amir Sayf al-Din al-Dud al-l
22
Gashankin made the initial foundation, although
the present structure was undoubtedly remodeled
during the Ottoman period. Indeed, the elaborately carved
square-headed entrance that stands on Shari' Muhammad 'Ali,
is stylistically of the nineteenth century, a result, perhaps, of
the need to create a new entrance on that boulevard once it
had been cut through the fabric of the medieval city.
Plan.AfterDr A Fahim
References. Pauty 1933a, 58 (no,31); Haynond 1969, 133; Raymond 1978,
349 [no. 8); Behrens-Abouseif 1998, 37 and n, 35, Sayyid 1998, 502

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

183

U79
Wikalat al-Khalawati
Before AH1110 /AD 1698

This wikala is named after the Khalawati Sufi order

that occupied the nearby mosque (no. [414], now
destroyed), although it predates that building. The
sabil in the waqf of Kulsun (no. 311) seems to have
been constructed at the same time as the wikala, traces of
which can still be seen in the vaulted entrance adjacent to the
sabil and the stone arches to storage units around the original
courtyard at ground level.
Map sheet
29

Plan:CMP Survey
References: Raymond and Wiet 1979, 274 (no. 141)

U82
Archaeological Garden and Theater
ca. AH 1416 ( AD1995
Map sheet This modern landscape extends over an area of the
1 and 2 Citadel that was densely inhabited from the time of
Salah al-D1in to that of Muhammad 'Ali. Afragment
of what lies beneath can be seen between the Burg
al-Kirkilyan and the Burg al-Turfa (U51P and U51R, respective
ly). An ancient basin isalso preserved in a pit within the mod
ern theater at its northern end. The archaeological garden also
contains fragments of destroyed Cairene buildings, including
the minaret of the mosque of Oaqmaq (see no, [317]).

Plan. SCAArchive

U80
Tomb of Muhammad al-Ka'aki
Tenth century AN/ Sixteenth century AD
This small tomb near the mosque of Sulayman
Mapshee
Pasha (no. 142) is that of an imam of the mosque;
2
it is the last remnant of an Ottoman cemetery that
occupied this site until Muhammad 'All built his
nearby palace (no. 612].
Plan: SCAArchive
References. Lyster 1993, 80. 106; Rabbat 1995, 40

U81

U83
Diwan of Schools
ca. AH 1246 / AD1830

Map sheet

Muhammad 'Ali as an office for the bureaucrats

who supervised the new secular school system that
he introduced into Egypt. The upper floor has a
series of enormous windeatchers The building is currently
occupied by offices of the SCA, but a project isplanned to con
vert it into a second wing of the Islamic Museum.
Plon: SCAArchive (ground floor)
References: Lyster 1993, 103

Wall of the southern enclosure

U84

and Bab al-Gabal

Eighth-thirteenth century AH I

Fourteenth-nineteenth century AD

The Bab al-Gahal, which is today the principal

entrance to the Citadel, was originally constructed
in AD1786 by an Ottoman governor of Cairo, Yakan
Pasha, but the appearance of this entrance has
been substantially altered over time. The same individual con
structed the wall running ninety meters to the south, at which
point the remains of an earlier (possibly Ayyubud) wall run due
west (shown dotted, extending to map sheet 9) at an angle of
90 degrees to the enclosure wall. The remainder of the vast
curtain wall that constitutes the southern enclosure of the
Citadel (see maps sheets 3 and 10), usually referred to as the
Hawsh, was built by al-Nasir Muhammad inAD1335 to protect
his residential palace. It has no towers, relying instead on its
elevation to deter would-be assailants Muhammad 'Ali clad
most of these walls in a glacis and added a parapet, but parts
of the earlier wall can be detected in some locations protrud
ing from the base.
Map shte
2 and 3

Pan:Survey of Egypt 1:500 Cadastral Plan

References: Lyster 1993, 50, B6, 91

This vast two-story building was constructed by

Mamluk kitchens
Eighth and thirteenth centuries AHI

Fourteenth and nineteenth centuries An

Mapsheet To the south of the mosque of al-Nasir Muhammad

(no. 143) are the remains of the Mamluk kitchens
that once prepared vast quantities of food for the
sultan's court The whole area was remodeled by
Muhammad 'Ali, but there survives an enclosed cross-vaulted
corridor that once ran through the kitchens to Sultan al-Nasir's
private entrance to his mosque.
Plan: SCAArchive
References. Lyster 1993, 29, 98; Rabbat 1995, 271-74

U85
Bab al-Gedid
All 1242 / AD1826
This gate, which resembles a tunnel made up of a
series of vaulted chambers flanked by guard rooms,
was constructed by Muhammad 'All as the main
entrance to the Citadel coming from the Darb alAhmar. This approach is not in use today.
Map sheet

Plan:SCAArchive and CMP Survey

References: Lyster 1993, 61-62, 89

184

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

U86

U89

Bab al-Alarn, Military Prison,

and School of Artillery

Burg al-Rafraf

All 1246-1300

/ AD1830-82

The Bab al-Alam ('the Gate of the Flag'), by which

one approaches a large terrace overlooking the city,
was originally constructed by Muhammad 'Ali, but
modified in the neo-Gothic style by Khedive Ismail.
The terrace was also built by Muhammad 'All, on the remains
of earlier structures (see Uips), as a platform for artillery.
Immediately inside the Bab al-Alam are the cells of the mili
tary prison established by Khedive Ismail. Muhammad Ali also
built a School of Artillery on the northern corner of the plat
form, which is today occupied by the Police Museum.
Archive, Lyster 1993, 92, 95, CMP Survey
Plan SCA
Mapsheet

References Lyster 1993, 93 and 95

U87
Burg al-Siba'
AH659-76 / AD1260-77
Located under a corner of the School of Artillery
(see U86) are the remains of the Burg al-Siba' ('the
Tower of the Lions'), known also as Burg al-Zawiya.
This was built by the Manluk sultan al-Zahir
Baybars, and heraldic lions (his characteristic device) can be
seen on the uppermost part of the tower-the only section that
is visible today. The remainder of the structure is buried in the
fill of the artillery platform that Muhammad 'All created here.

AH689-714 / AD1290-1314
This tower, the name of which means 'canopy: was
constructed by Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil in AD
1290-93. It is so named because when it was orig
inally built it provided the base for a domed pavil
on. Al-Nasir Muhammad later added an enclosed staircase to
the west of al-Ashraf's tower in order to provide access to the
lower enclosure of the Citadel One interesting feature of the
earlier construction is the pair of large stone corbels projecting
from it at high level, the design of which resembles those on
the faqade that was added to the Double-Cross Hall (see U91).
That the corbels on the earlier section of the Burg al-Rafraf and
on the fagade of the Double-Cross Hall are built on the same
planimetric-though not vertical-alignment suggests that they
were constructed at the same time, and that they date to
between 1290 and 1314.
Plan:SCA
Archive
Lyster 1993, 85, 94; Rabbat 1995, 24-26,
References:Meinecke 1992, 11-75;

154-56

Map sheet

Pon' Lyster 1993, 92

References, Lyster 1993, 951 Rabbat 1995, 38, 123, 119, 141-43, 152, 190,
280, 287. 292

U88
Qa'at al-Ashrafiya
AH692 / AD1292
On the northern side of the artillery platform of
Muhammad 'All (see U86), excavations in 1985
M
revealed the remains of a large Mamluk qa'a with
a fountain in its center. This has been identified by
Rabbat (1995) on the basis of surviving epigraphy as the ga'at
al-Ashrafiya built by Sultan al-Ashraf Khalil, rather than the
Qasr Ablaq (see no. 549) built by Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad.
Another partial excavation in the center of the platform also
revealed further Mamluk structures in this area, tentatively
identified by Rabbat as the back of al-Nasir Muhammad's
Iwan al-Kabir.
Plon: SCA Archive
sheet

References, Lyster 1993, 93-94, Rabbat 1995, 36-38, 151-80, 189

U90
House of Hasan Pasha Rashid
ca. AH1339 / AD1920
This house was designed by Achille Patricolo, the
head of the Comitfs Technical Section for many
years, as part of a larger project to redesign the
entire street in a traditional style after the road had
been widened following the completion of the Rifa'i mosque.
The client, Hasan Pasha Rashid, was an army general. The house
has a fine stone Fagade and mashrabiya inthe neo-lslamic style.
Mip sheet
15 and 16

Plan: Volait 1987, 90

References: Volait 1987, 90-91; Kunzel and Abdou 1997, 30

U91
The Double-Cross Hall
AH689-714 (?)/ AD1290-1314 (7)
p sheet In the lower enclosure of the Citadel, below the
mosque of Muhammad 'Ali, are the remains of a
vast Mamluk-penod structure of uncertain date.
The oldest element of this complex is the enormous
vaulted hall, which takes the form of a double-cross, from
which a mysterious seventeen-meter-long tunnel leads north.
Blocking the original openings inthe vaults on the western side
is a secondary tunnel-vaulted structure, which supports five
gigantic corbels, of similar design to the pair on the original
Burg al-Rafraf (U89). This would suggest that the hall itself can
be dated to as early as AD1290, and the second phase to
between AD1290 and 1314, Rabbat (1995) tentativclv suggests
that the corbels were part of a structure built by the amir
Yalbugha al-Nasiri, named the Harraqa, or 'Firing' Pavilion.
Plan SCAArchive and CMP Suvey
References Cresweil 1959, 263, Rabbat 1995, 26-28, 206

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

185

U92
The Arsenal
ca. AH1236 1 AD1820
Map sheet An ancient route runs through the lower enclosure
of the Citadel running from the Bab al-Azab (see no.
555, map sheet 16) to the upper enclosure, occa
sionally cut directly out of the bedrock. This was the
site of the famous massacre of the Mamluks in AD1811 by
Muhammad 'Ali. On each side of this route, Muhammad 'Ali
constructed a multitude of warehouses for his army. Many of
these arcaded structures, which originally had wind scoops
(mdqf) on their roofs rather than skylights, survive in a state
of dereliction. There is little surviving evidence that this was in
fact a major center for the industrial production of armaments
including cannon and firearms, although the area is frequently
given the name Topkhane, or 'cannon foundries: Also located
among these buildings are two tombs (see I93 and US4).
Plan. SCAArchive and CMP Survey
References Lyster 1993, 61, 91, and 94; Jaubert 1996, 208-9

U93
Inner Gate

Thirteenth century AH/ Nineteenth century AD

It is possible that this gate, dating to the

Muhammad 'All period, stands on the site of the
9
Mamluk Bab al-Silsila, or 'Chain Gate.' A small
domed tomb (named the tomb of Sidi al-Azab on
the Survey of Egypt plan) is tucked into the northern side of the
gate, following the tradition of placing tombs within many of
Cairo's ancient gates.

Industrial area in the lower enclosure

Thirteenth century AH/ Nineteenth century AD
a

Directly below the Muhammad 'Ali Mosque in the

lower enclosure of the Citadel is a curious industri

al area, possibly for metal-working. Of significance,
too, is a pair of blocked doorways (most probably
dating to the period of al-Nasir Muhammad), which seem to
lead into the substructure of the Ablag Palace (see no. 549).
Plan. CMP Survey

U96
Corbeled fagade
Twelfth century AHI Eighteenth century AD
This corbeled facade, which is reminiscent of a
wikala, would appear to predate Muhammad 'Alis
general remodeling of the lower enclosure of the
Citadel It is datable stylistically to the late seven
teenth or eighteenth century, when this area was still occupied
by the 'Azaban corps of Janissaries.
Map shee

Plan CMP Survey (first floor)

U97
Well of the Hawsh

Map sheet

Plan- SCAArchive

U94
Qubbat al-Biraqdar
Late eleventh century AHI Late seventeenth century AD
This domed tomb is obviously a relic of the earlier
occupation of the lower enclosure of the Citadel:
the ornate stone muqarnas pendentives that sup
port the dome are now at ground level. The design
of these pendentives is of an archaic pattern, similar in execu
tion to the dome of the mausoleum of Shaykh al-Tahaw (mon
ument number 383 [AH1098 / AD1687]) The dome of alBiraqdar is also a curiosity since it has a stone inner shell but
a plastered-brick outer covering. The tomb's name is taken from
the Survey of Egypt Cadastral Plan.

AN712 / AD1312
well is surrounded by a modern
this
Although
Mapsheet
superstructure, the 1896 Map of the Citadel by
9
Colonel Green shows it connected by a subter
ranean rock-cut tunnel to the cistern of al-Nasr
Muhammad (no. 569) and the last pumping station of the
aqueduct (no. 369). The route of this tunnel is shown dotted,
extending to map sheet 10.
Plan CMP Survey

U98

Map sheet

Plan: SCAArchive
References: Behrens-Abouseif 1994, 264-66, pL.54 (for comparison with
Sheykh al-Tahawl)

Madrasa of Sidi Shahin

Thirteenth century AN/ Nineteenth century AD

Map sheet This building, now in use as a primary school, was
once a large madrasa with a symmetrical plan com
prising three large transverse halls The qibla well is
flanked by two domed tomb chambers, named on
the Survey of Egypt 1:500 Cadastral Plan as belonging to Sidi
Muhammad al-Arghul al-122i and Sidi Mohn al-Din al-Rifa'i.
This is at variance with the inscription above the entrance,
which names Sidi Mohi al-Din al-'Izzi as the founder of the
madrasa, as well as with the modern attribution to Sidi Shahn.
The tombs are the most interesting part of the complex: their
ribbed plastered-brick domes are each supported by four inter
nal marble columns.
P/an. CMPSurvey

186

DESCRI PTIVE

CATALOVU
C AT ALOG U E

U99

U103

Tomb of Muhammad Agha

Mosque of Sidi Ahmad al-Rifa'i

Thirteenth century All / Nineteenth century AD

tomb stands in the forecourt of the Dar
Map sheet This small
(no. 605). Dedicated to Muhammad
al-Mahfuzat
9

AH1286-1330 / AD1869-1911
Map sheetThe construction of this mosque started inAD1889
on the initiative of Princess Khushyar, the mother
16
of Khedive [small, and to the design of Husayn
Pasha Fahmy, an architect and the Minister of
Endowments, It was completed by Max lerz, chief architect of
the Comite in 1911. The style of the mosque can best be
described as hybrid neo-Mamluk. In addition to the tombs of
Shaykh 'All Abu Shibbak al-Rifa'i (for whom the monument was
ostensibly built) and Shaykh 'Abdallah al-Ansari, the building
contains many royal tombs of the nineteenth and twentieth
centuries. The mosque was registered as a monument in 1994
but has no number

Agha (presumably a court official), it has a stone

dome, supported by piers at each corner.

Plan CMPSurvey

U100
Palace of Muhammad 'Ali

AH1234 /AD 1327

This two-story palace, now ruined on its eastern
side, is built beside and above the wall of the
southern enclosure in the same style as the neigh
boring Harim Palace (no, 612). Its precise function

remains unclear.

Buckland Citadel Survey, 1913

Po,i

Plan, Herz n d, facing page 9

References Hiern d, passim, Hamamsy 1992, 129-39; al-Mad 1993; aiAnroussi 1994, 107-21; Rabbat 1997, 377-81: Reld 2002, 241-42
1913, 74, BCCMAA
1915-19, 450, BCC
Listong and conservation BCCMAA
MAA 1936-40, 61; BCCMAA 1946-53, 56

U101

U104
Tomb of Mustafa Kamil

Burg al-Zawiya
Eighth century (2)Al / Fourteenth century (?)AD
it as
Map sheet The large-scale masonry of this tower identifies
a relic of an earlier age, sitting amid the warehous
es constructed by Muhammad 'Ali in the lower
enclosure of the Citadel (see U92). The tower is
located on the corner of the lower enclosure, facing the top of
the Darb al-Ahmar: a strategically significant position.
Although parts of the interior have been blocked up with later
stonework, the remains of a large cross-vaulted chamber are
still visible. Outside the later curtain wall of Muhammad 'All
stand the remnants of an enormous masonry wall, which may
have corresponded to the outermost limits of the original
tower. A tentative date of the Bahri Mamluk period for this
construction is suggested here, although the tower may even
be an Ayyubid foundation.

AH1376 / AD1956

Mustafa Kamil (AD1874-1908) was an early leader

of the Nationalist movement in Egypt under 'Abbas

II Hilmi. and the lawyer for the defense in the infa

mous Dinshawy incident. The rooms around the
tomb chamber house a small museum dedicated to his life and
work. The whole building was designed in a neo-Mamluk style
by the architect Ahmad Sharmi in the 1950s, and the body of
Kamil was transferred here from his previous place of burial in
the southern cemetery Access to the tomb was impossible at
time of writing because of refurbishment works.
Me,apeet
16

Plan. None
References Seton-Williarns

Plan CMP Survey

U105
U102
Ottoman sabil-kuttab

Twelfth century AH/ Eighteenth century AD

The walls of this apparently undocumented sabil are
still standing, including the framing of the kuttab at
first-floor level. The fagade has stone decoration of
high quality.

sheet

9ip

Plan'CMP Survey

and Stocks 1988, 97-98, 361

Takiyat Mevleviya
AH1225/ AD1810
The foundation of this taklya for the Mevievi order
of dervishes (followers ofJalal al-Din Rumi based in
Konya) dates from AD 1810. The Samakhana, or
'Listening Hall: was constructed over the sahn of
the madrasa attached to the tomb of Hasan Sadaqa (see no.
263); the paintings that decorate the dome date from 1857
This circular space, with a wooden floor and gallery, is where
the Sufis performed the whirling dance that is characteristic of
the order The remainder of the complex comprises living units
for the members of the order, arranged in two stories around
two garden courtyards, one wing of which is built over the
adjacent Yashbak Palace (no. 266).
Map sheet
23

Plan* Courtesy Dr. Guieppe Fanfoni (main floor plan for samakhana, first
floor for takiya)

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

187

References Cresw'ell1919, 92-93: Creswel 7959, 267-69, Fanfom

and
Burn 1980; Fanfoni 1988: Seton-Williams and Stocks 1988,
333;
Behrens-Abouseif 1994, 207, 211
Lusting and conservon,,BCCMA 1915-19, 80-82, Fanfon, and Surri
1980;
Fanfoni 1995

as an enormous oven. The presence of water tanks and the evi

dence of layers of ash suggest that this complex

may have
functioned as a kitchen to feed the vast retinue that
was
employed in the palace
PlOn.Survey of Egypt 1.500 Cadastral Planand
CMI'Survey

U106

U110

Hammam of Shaykhu

All 7 56 / AD1355
Mapsheet This double bathhouse was a part of the Shaykhu
23and24 khangah complex (no, 152) Part of the bathhouse
still exists, although it is severely dilapidated and
occupied by small workshops.
Plon: CMP Survey
References- Pauty 1933a, 60 (no 38), Raymond 1969,137
(nos 60 and61),
Meirecke 1992, II 224

U107
Sabil of Umm 'Abbas

Tomb and zawiya of Sidi Galal al-Assiuti

AH1211 / AD1796

Map sheetThis small tomb. with a ribbed plastered-brick

dome, stands between itsmore august neighbors:

the mausoleum of al-Sultanya (no 289) and the

mausoleum of Qawsun (no. 291) If nothing else it
demonstrates a stylistic
continuity with tombs many centuries
older. A small trilobed portal, with some
decorative strapwork
around It,
gives access to the interor: a simple arcaded struc
ture that has been modernized. The dome is supported
on sim
ple trilobed squinches.
3

Ptan CMP Survey

AH 1 84 1AD1867

This building was constructed by the Dowager

Princess Bambah Qadin, the widow of Tusun and
the mother of 'Abbas I, as a memorial. It is an elab
orate construction, with high-quaity marble and
bronze work. Two large flanking blocks contain the school that
isassociated with the sabil, and a carved marble inscription
band, with gilt on red or blue backgrounds, wraps around the
whole complex. The sabil, which is octagonal in plan, is
designed on Turkish precedents, with deep overhanging eaves.

U111

Mapsheet
23

Plan:SCAArchive
Refernces' Pauty1936, 26-27, Mantran 1972, 226-27, Seton-Williams
and Stocks 1988, 359-60; Hamamsy 1992, 196-202; Jaubert 1995,
208
Conservaton' BCCMA4 1933-35, 334: BCCMAA
1946-53, 319

U108
Sabil of Ibrahim Bey al-Wali (?)

Twelfth century AH/ Eighteenth century AD

Map sheet

23

The remains of this Ottoman sabil include a fine

bronze grille and chamfered corner with decorative

geometric carving above it.

Minaret of the mosque

of Muhammad al-Burdayni

Tenth century AN) Sixteenth century AD

Mapsheet What can be seen of this minaret protrudes from a
10
recently rebuilt mosque and comprises an octago
nal first tier with keel-arched openings within it
and a muqarnas cornice, a circular second tier also
with muqarnas, and a bulb that has been placed
directly over
the second tier with no supporting columns (clearly
a rebuild
ing). The form of the minaret resembles that of
the nearby
minaret of the mosque of Badr al-Din al-Wana'i (monument
no. 163) which is dated to the late fifteenth
century (see
Behrens-Abouseif 1987) A date of the
early sixteenth century
is tentatively proposed here for this hitherto unremarked
minaret. A plaque on the mosque names it
as that of
Muhammad al-Burdayni the 1:5000 Map of Mohammedan
Monuments gives It as the mosque of 'Ali
al-Burdayn.

Plan Survey
of Egypt 1 500 Cadastral Plan

References: Behrens-Abouser 1987, 146, 148

111 2

Plan. CMIP Survey

References Raymond 1979a, 290 (no. 80)

U109

Kitchens of Muhammad 'Ali

AH1229 /A 1814

Map sheet
3

This now-derelict complex of buildings stands in

the extreme eastern corner of the gardens of the

Gawhara Palace/Hall ofJustice built by Muhammad
'All (no. 505). The complex isdivided into two parts.
a series of shallow domed spaces grouped around a courtyard,
and a larger domed structure that appears to have functioned

188

ESCR IPTIVE

CATALoGUE

Wikala of Hasan Katkhuda

AN1113 l AD1701
The dating and name of this wikala is assumed
from the adjacent sabil-kuttab (no. 405) to which
it is structurally attached, The door on the
street,
bordered with stone strapwork, gives
onto a long
passage that leads into the courtyard, which has been substan
tially overbuilt Nevertheless, the remains of an
imposing, mul
tistoiy wikala are evident
Plan. CMP Survey
Map sheet
17

U117

U113

Hammam al-Khalifa
AH/ Nineteenth century

Hammanam of Kushqadam
Eighth century AH/ Fourteenth century AD
calidarnium of this bathhouse,
Map sheet The principal domed lateral
iwans, survives intact
complete with its
17
despite the pressure of several families living with
in its confines. Slightly to the east, and with no
connection now to the calidarium, isthe original bent entrance
to thebathhouse and the disrobing room.The door can be iden
tified by its square-headed muqarnas decoration in stone The
hammam has its name by virtue of its physical proximity to the
mosque of Kushqadam al-Ahmadi (no. 153), rather than any
documented connection.
Plan CMiSurvey
References- Pauty 1933a, 61 (no 40 under name Hammam Darb ai-iosr),
Raymond 1969, 135 (no 33)
1906, 57 (item 2)
Listing and conservation. BCCMAA

Thirteenth century

AD

Although the roofs of this bathhouse tknown also as

Mapsheet
the hammam al-Sitt or hammam Sukayna) have now
collapsed, the structure of the walls to the inner cal
17
idarium is still apparent This is approached through
a high disrobing room with a central skylight. The building likely
dates much earlier than the nineteenth century, as bathhouses
were commonly rebuilt over time on the same site. Behrens
Abouscif (1983) has suggested that it may be part of Shagarat
al-Durr's foundation in this area (see no 189).
Plan. CMP Survey
References. Pauty 1933, 61 (no 421, Raymond 1969, 138 (no, 66),
Behrens-Abousei 1983, 7

11118
Mosque of Shagarat al-Durr

U114
Mosque of Kalaimtay al-Gamali
AH1233 1AD1818
Mapshee This simple mosque in the Ottoman style
has two
17
arcades supported by reused columns and capitals;
one kurd survives to the left of the mihrab, The
date is derived from a wooden inscription band that runs above
-

the mihrab.
Plan, CMP Survey

U115

Tomb of Ibrabim al-Fawwar

Thirteenth century AH/ Nineteenth century AD

This small tomb (known under avariety of names, of
probably
which that given above is most common),
17a
dates to the Muhammad 'Ali period. It has a ren
dered-brick dome, and is flanked to the east and the
west by substantial Ottoman fagades, which are shown in out
line here.
Plan. CMP Survey

U116
Mosque of Sayyida Sukayna
AM1322 ! AD1904
It is not known when the first mosque was built on
Map sheet this site to commemorate Amina, the daughter of
al-Husayn. who was nicknamed 'Sukayna' 'Abd al
Rahman Katkhuda built a mosque here in AD1760
(as he did for Sayyida 'Ayesha, see no. [3781). This was replaced
in 1904 by the present mosque, constructed in a fine neDMamluk style by 'Abbas II Hilma.
Plan Al-Amroussi 1994 (insert)
References Sarneh 1946, 80-81: Raymond 1972, 244 (no. 15), al-Arussi
1994, 83-88
Listenq and conservon' BCCMAA 1887-88, 41; BCCMAA 1915-19, 334

AH 1335 / AD1916

Map sheet The tomb of Shagarat al-Durr (no. 169) was adjoined
Map"shee01in the nineteenth century by a small mosque. In the
17
1910s, this building was demolished by the Cmiet,
which then proceeded to build another mosque on the
site at some distance from the tomb The style chosen for the
construction was neo-Mamluk, and the whole exercise provides
an interesting example of the Comite's approach to historic
architecture. The project obviously
ran out of money to judge
from the unfinished state of the structure.

Archive

Plan: SCA
References Behrens-AboUScif 1983; Hamamsy 1992, 58-59

Listing andconservation: see references for no 169

U119
Sabil of Qaythay
AD880 / AD 1475

Located in the western section of the ziyada of the

mosque of Ibn Tulun (no. 220), this sabil is built into
Mp s
24
the ziyada wall facing the street beyond. The street
fayade projects beyond the line of the ziyada wall,
and has engaged corner columns, strapwork panels, and two
blank cartouches. Another grille serves the ziyada.itself. Of the
kuttab there is no trace, and the ceiling of the sabil is modern,
Plan Cresneit 1940, 350
References Creswell 1940, 337; Meinecke 1992, 11:425

Ul20

Wikala, No. 53 Shari' Tulun

Twelfth century AH/ Eighteenth century AD

Mapsheet
24

This wikala has survived complete with its upper

stories, although other structures have been built
within its courtyard It is stylistically datable to the
eighteenth century.

Plan. CMPSurvey

D ES C RI PT IVE

CAT A L0 0 U E

189

U121
Hammam, No. 83 Shari' Tulun

Twelfth century (?)AH/ Eighteenth century (?)AD

Mapsheet Only the square-headed muqarnas portal of this

bathhouse survives. The remainder of the interior

24
was demolished from 2000-2004.

seems to have been remodeled during the latter part of the

nineteenth century. The name of the house supposedly derives
from Sakna, a belly dancer who attracted the attention of
Khedive Isma'i, from whom she subsequently received the
house as a gift.
Plan CMPSurey

U126

Plan: CMP Survey

References Pauty 1933a, 61 (no 41)

Sayyida Zaynab Children's Park

AH 1410 /AD1989

U122
Tomb of Sidi al-Arbain
Thirteenth century (7)All / Nineteenth century (?)AD
This tomb, which has a plastered-brick dome,
stands on the slope leading to the hill of Oal'at alKabsh. Although architecturally undistinguished, it
is included here because of it its prominent posi
tion and relatively large size. The rather generic name of the
tomb, given above, is taken from the Survey of Egypt 1:500
Cadastral Plan.
Map sheet
31

Plan. CMP Survey

The Sayyida Zaynab Children's Park isa group of

buildings and ancillary structures set around and
within a garden. The garden and buildings within it
are intended for the use of children (including the
aters, play spaces, and study areas); the structures on the west
ern edge of the site are meant for the use of the local commu
nity as workshops and gathering places. The park, designed in
the 1980s by Dr. Abdel Halim L Abdel IHalim, was completed in
1989 and given the Aga Khan Award for Architecture in 1991.
Map sheet
31

Plan Courtesy, Dr Abdel Halim L AbIel HalIm

References. Asfour 1990, 72-77; Abdel Halim 1986, 68-74; Serageldin
1989, 236-37

U123

U127

Mosque of Muhammad al-Buktumri

Citadel retaining wall

Thirteenth century AKI Nineteenth century AD

The favade of this small nineteenth-century
sheet
Map
mosque has been reclad instone, but preserves the
24
form of its original trilobed portal. The plan is
unusual in the way in which qibla orientation has
been reconciled with the orientation of the street; a small tomb
is located at the rear of the mosque.

Map sheet

Eighth century (7)AK/ Fourteenth century (?) AD

3 and 10
Slightly to the south of the main wall of the south
ern enclosure of the Citadel (U81) stands this mas
sive remnant of an earlier retaining wall The style and size of
the masonry would suggest that it may date to the early four
teenth century, when Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad was active in
constructing the base of what is today the southern enclosure

Plan: CMP Survey

Plan CMP Survey

Ul24

U128

Wikala of Hasan Katkhuda al-Bagdali

Twelfth century (?)AK/ Eighteenth century [?) AD

Mosque of Muhammad Kishr

Map sheet
24

The stone structure of this once substantial wikala,

although severely degraded, can still be discerned
at ground level and in places on the first floor. The

building ispartially occupied by workshops

Plan: CMP Survey

Twelfth century (7)AH/ Eighteenth century (?)AD

This Ottoman mosque has a corbeled fagade with a
trilobed doorway that is surrounded by decorative
strapwork. Although much of the fagade and the
interior has been modernized, the original three-arcade struc
ture of the prayer-hall is still visible.
Map sheet
17

Plan. CMP Survey

U125
House of Sakna Basha
Thirteenth century AH/ Nineteenth century AD
This large two-story courtyard house, which issub
stantially intact, appears to date to the Muhammad
'All period. A heavily overpainted marble plaque
survives on the south side of the courtyard, with a
tugra and a now-illegible foundation inscription. Sections of
the original painted plaster ceilings survive, as does decorative
stonework around some of the doorways. Part of the structure

Map sheet
24

190

DESCRIPTIVE

CATALOGUE

U129
Wikala, no. 11, Shari' Mu'izz li-Din Allah
Eleventh century (?) PHI Seventeenth century (2)AD
The remains of a large wlkala of uncertain date,
arranged around two courtyards, can still be seen
on the ground (and partly at first-floor level) at this
site. The building is currently in use as a pickle fac
tory, and is known locally as wikalat al-Ubbur.
Map sheet
18

Plan CMP Survey

U130

U134

Zawiya of 'Abd al-Karim

Mansur Palace

Before AH1215 /AD 1800

from a
Map sheet This small zawiya and tomb is accessed
decoration
muqarnas
with
portal
square-headed
18
that has been heavily overpainted, along with the
entire street fagade. The tomb has a plastered-brick
dome. Access for survey purposes was denied.

AN1311 / AD1893

Map sheet
27

This vast private palace, built in the neoclassical

style, dominates the Shari' Bur Sa'id in this loca
tion. It was requisitioned as a courthouse and con
tinues to serve this function today.

Plan. None

Plan: None
References. Meinecke and Mcinccke-Berg 190, 33

U131
Mosque of Anbar al-Nur
Thirteenth century AHI Nineteenth century AD
This small mosque and tomb would appear to date
from the Muhammad 'Ali period. The building is of
stone, although now heavily overpainted, and has
simple arched moldings and bull's-eye windows
over the main windows. The domed tomb chamber stands at
the northern end of the site.
Ma
13

U135
Mosque of 'Abbas I Hihmi
AH1322 / AD1904
was con
This mosque (which lacks a minaret) the
period
structed in the neo-Mamluk style during
21
of 'Abbas IIHilm. The stone facade is elaborated
with recessed window bays, crenellations, and a
trilobed portal with muqarnas decoration. An inscription gives
the foundation's date. The interior has an intact marble mihrab
and a wooden ceiling supported by cast-iron columns
Plan: CMP Survey

Pian, CMP Survey

U136

Palace, no. 4, Shari' Ibrahim Bey

Ul32
Church of St. Mark
Thirteenth century AHf Nineteenth century AD
Malpsheet This church, though now derelict, preserves much
of its architecture and internal decoration Intact It
13
is the last surviving Rumi' building in the area
known as the Harat al-Rum. The church takes the
form of a simple aisled structure with a portico. An internal
gallery runs along the north, south, and west ends of the space.
Plan CMP Survey

Ca. AH1318 f AD 1900

This large two-story palace occupies most of this
21 and 28 urban block and isbounded on its eastern side by a
nineteenth-century zawiya. It isbuilt for the most
part in a classical renaissance style, with the
exception of the main portal, which has some rather baroque
sweeps either side of it. This leads to a courtyard, off of which
is located a staircase. The palace is partially occupied but is
generally derelict.
Map sheet

Plan*None

Ul 33
Muhammad 'Ali-period palace

Before AH1267 / AD1850

The remains of this large palace, complete with

malqaf, are best appreciated from the south side of

the flyover above Shari' al-Azhar The style of the

building is Turkish Baroque, and a very large recep
tion room survives at first-floor level. The building is unfortu
nately inaccessible.

Map sheet
27

Plan None

D E SC RIPRT I VE

CATALOGUE

191

Glossary

decorative masonry technique of alternating

stones of contrasting colors

ablaq
agha

chief of the Janissary militia

amir

commander

'atfa

alley or lane

hwqaf

(from woqP 'endowment'); Ministry of

Endowments, charged with the maintenance
of endowed properties

gukandar

polo master to the sultan

hammam

public bathhouse

hara

cul-de-sac or dead-end alley; applied by extension

to describe an independent residential
neighborhood

harim

women of the household; by extension, the

space they inhabited

hawd

watering trough or basin for animals

azab

Ottoman militia

hawsh

walled enclosure or courtyard

bab

gate or portal

hilal

badistan

covered market for luxury goods

ornamental wooden or metal finial on top of

a minaret or dome (usually in the form of a
crescent)

bayt

house

iwan

portico, or large vaulted hall, inmosque or madrasa

himaristan

hospital

katkhuda

officer of the Janissary corps

bunduqdar

lit.: 'bow-carrier': indicated in heraldry by a

double-bow motif

khalif

spintual leader of Islam succeeding the Prophet

Muhammad

burg

defensive tower

khan

entrep6t for merchandise; caravanserai

calidarium

hot room in a bathhouse (hommom)

khanqah

dar

house, palace

Sufi communal dwelling, with place of prayer

attached

darb

street; distinguished from 'otfa ('alley') and hara

('cul-de-sac')

khitat

lit.. 'districts'; used to describe a genre of

descriptive topographic literature

dawadar

secretary to the sultan

kufic

angular calligraphic script

dikka

raised platform in a mosque for recitation or

leading prayers

kurdi

carved and decorated timber frame to an wan

or similar architectural opening

durqa'a

sunken area in a reception room (qo'a)

kursi

funduq

multistory structure, built around a central

courtyard, with shops on bottom level and
accommodations for itinerant merchants on
upper levels

wooden book stand in a mosque for readers of

the ur'an

kuttab

elementary school, often attached to asabil or

mosque

mabkhara

lit.. 'incense burner; minaret finial

madrasa

lit.; 'school'; foundation built as establishment

for theological teaching, often associated
with a mosque

gamaqdar

valet to the sultan

gami'

a large 'congregational' mosque, technically

used for Friday prayers

192

GLOSSARY

malgaf

wind-catcher, constructed on top of building

and oriented toward the prevailing (in Egypt:
northern) winds

sabil-kuttab lit: 'fountain-school'; a public water dispensary

(sobif connected with a Qur'anic school (kuttob)
sahn

central courtyard, generally of a mosque

lit.: 'possessed'; slaves who were instructed in

religion and warfare before their manumission
and who then served the amirs or the
sultan, or became amirs or sultans themselves

salsabil

interior wall-fountain, generally an inclined

marble slab in a niche

samakhana

listening hall, used for Sufi dance rituals

manzil

house or dwelling

maq'ad

open loggia, often facing into a courtyard, in

residences

shukhshaykha wooden lantern, usually over an enclosed sahn

or durqa'a

mamluk

sikka

small road
lit.: 'sword-bearer'; by extension, commander of
the armies

maqsura

protective barrier surrounding a tomb or milhrab

within a mosque

silahdar

mashhad

commemorative foundation for a saint or

venerated figure (sometimes, but not
necessarily, buried within)

suq

market

tabut

cenotaph

takiya

residential complex for Sufis, built around a

courtyard ,

Tanzim

Ministry of Public Works

tugra

calligraphic device of Ottoman sultans

turba

tomb or mausoleum

ustadar

chief steward or majordomo inthe sultan's service

waqf

endowment (pl awqof by extension: the

Ministry of Endowments)

wazir

vizier

wikala

hostel for merchants, with storage units on the

ground floor and residential accommodation
on the upper floors

mashrabiya

screens formed of sections of turned wood; by

extension: windows made from these screens

midan

public square

milhmandar

chief of protocol

mlhrab

niche or indicator in the qibla wall of a mosque,

showing the direction of Mecca

minbar

pulpit in a mosque made of stone or wood

muhtasib

supervisor of public markets

muqarnas

architectural ornament consisting of a succession

of tiered niches, often likened to stalactites

naskhi

cursive calligraphic script

qa'a

reception room, usually in a house or palace

zawiya

asmall prayer-space

gasaba

it.: 'artery'; used to describe the main north

south thoroughfare bisecting the area of
Fatimid Cairo

ziyada

lit: 'additional space'; enclosed area built

around a mosque to separate it from the city

qast

palace or large mansion

qaysarlya

an entrep6t for luxury goods

gibla

the direction of prayer, oriented toward the

Kaaba in Mecca

qantara

bridge

qubba

domed tomb or mausoleum

rab'

residential apartment block, often with shops on

the ground floor, founded as an investment
for a woqf

rafraf

projecting wooden eaves

ribat

hopice for the poor

riwaq

arcade bordering the sahn of a mosque

sabat

wooden roofing over a street

sabil

public water dispensary, erected as a charitable

foundation

GLOSSARY

193

Abbreviations

AARP: Art and Archaeology Research Papers

ADA/K: Abhandfungen des Deutschen Archilologischen
Instituts, Abteilung Kairo
ARCE: American Research Center in Egypt
BCCMAA: Bulletin du Comit6 de Conservation des Monuments do
I'ArtArabe
BEO:
Bulletin des Etudes Orentafes
/1l:
Bviletin de linstitutd'gypte
BIFAO: Bpfletin de I'nstitut Francuis d'Archologe Orientale
CEDE: Centre d'Etudes et de Documentation Economiques,
Juridiques et Socrales
CMP: Cairo Mapping Project
CNRS: Centre Nationale de Recherche Screntifique (Paris)
DAIK: Deutsches Archaologisches Institut, Abteilung Kairo
EAP:
Egyptian Antiquities Project of the American Research
Center in Egypt
ICOMOS: International Council on Monuments and Sites
FAD:
Institut Fran;ais d'Archiologie Orientale do CaLre

194

ABBREVIATIONS

JAOS:
Journal of theAmerican Oriental Society
JARCE:
Journal of theAmerican Research Centerin Egypt
JESHO:
Journal of the Economic and Social History ofthe
Orient
MDA/K: Mittellungen des Deutschen Archdologischen Instituts,
Abtellung Kairo
MiE
Memoires de lInstitut d' gypte
MIFAC: Mdmoires publies par les membres de l'Institut
franais d'archdologie orientale
MMAF: M/mcires publits par Is membres de la Mission
archeologiquE frangelse du Caire
NARCE: Newsletter of the American Research Center in Egypt
REd:
Revue des Etudes Islamiques
SCA:
Supreme Council of Antiquities
UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural
Organization
UNDP: United Nations Development Programme
USAID. United States Agency for International Development

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201

Index of Buildings by Number

No.

202

Name of Monument

Date

Mausoleum and minaret of Abu'1 Ghadanfar

AH 552 and 867 / AD 1157 and 1462

Bab al-Futuh

AH 480 / AD 1087

27, 28, 32,

34, 35, 72, 87

Bab al-Nasr

AH 480 / AD1087

27, 30, 32, 34, 35,

37, 56, 72, 88

Wikala of Qaytbay

AH 085 / AD1480

a8

Mausoleum of Ahmad al-Qasid

ca. An 735 / AD1335

88

WrIkala of Qawsun

before An 742 / AD 1341

House In the waqf of al-Ham

twelfth century (?)AH I eighteenth century (?)AD

89

Sabil-kuttab of the amir Muhammad

AH 1014 / AD 1605

89

Mosque of al-Hakim

A 380-403

Sabil-kuttab of Qitas Bey

Sabil-kuttab of Udah Basha

All1084

Mosque of al-Bakn

before An 776 f AD 1374

Wikala of Dhulfiqar (Udah Basha)

AN1084 / AD1673

Palace al-Musafirkhana

An 1193-1203 / AD 1779-88

Sabil-kuttab of 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda

AN 1157 / AD 1744

Mosque of Aydumur al-Bahlawan

before AH 747 / AD 1346

91

Sabil-kuttab of al-Sayyid Ali ibn Hayz'

An 1056 / AD 1646

91

Mosque of Almalik al-Gukandar

AN719 (AD 1319

91

Mosque of Bardbak

AH 865 / AD 1460

91

Mosque of Mughaltay al-Gamali

An 730/ AD 1329

Sabil of al-Bazdar

An 1050-51 /AD

Gateway and minaret of the mosque of al-Husayn

AH 549-634/ AD1154-1237

Mosque of Marzuq al-Ahmadi

Al 1043 fAD 1633

Mosque of Mahmud Muharram

AH 1207

1040

Page

/ Au

I AD

990-1013

87

76, 88

32, 34, 72, 89

1630

89

AD 1673

90

1AD

1540-41

1792

90

35, 90

90

44, 90-91

91-92

64, 66, 92

64, 92

92

93

No.

Name of Monument

Date

Mausoleum of Qarasunqur

All 700 ) AD 1300-1

Khanqah of Baybars al-Gashankir

All 705-9 / AD 1306-10

Mosque of al-Aqmar

All 519 ) AD 1125

Palace of Bashtak

AH 736-40

Madrasa of Ganal al-Din al-Ustadar

AN 811 /AD

Mausoleum and mosque of Tatar al-Hegaziya

An 749 and 761

Remains of the madrasa of al-Zahir Baybars

AH 660

Page

/ AD

93

37, 93

52, 93-94

94

1335-39

94

1408

/ AD

94-95

1348 and 1360

AD 1262

28, 32,95

Mausoleum and madrasa of Salih Negm al-Din Ayyub AH 641 / AD 1243

64, 95

Mihrab of the mosque of Badr al-Din al-Agami

and two epigraphic plaques

95-96

AH 758 / AD 1357

Mosque and sabil-kuttab of Shaykh 'Ali al-Mutahhar

AN 1157 / AD 1744

96

Tomb of Shaykh Sinan

AN 9941 AD 1585

96

Mosque of Taghribardi

tenth century Al / sixteenth century AD

96

Complex of Qalawun

AK 683 ! AD 1284

Complex of al-Nasir Muhammad

AN694-96 ( AD 1294-96

97

Mosque of Mithqal

Al 763 / AD 1361

97

Facade of the mosque of 'Abt al-Latif al-Qarati

tenth century Al I sixteenth century ADu

97

Bab Qadi 'Askar

AH 735 1 AD 1334

97

Mosque of Muhib al-Din Abu'l Tayyib

before

Mosque of Abu Bakr ibn Muzhir

Al 884

f AD1479

98

Qa'a of Muhib al-Din al-Muwaqqi

All 751 / AD 1350

98

Maq'ad of Mamay al-Sa'ifi

AH 901 / AD 1496

98

Sabil-kuttab of Khusraw Pasha

All 942/ AD1535

98

Bab al-Badistan al-Churi

All 9171 An 1511

99

Fagade of the wilala of al-Ghuri (al-Qutn)

Al 9171 AD 1511

99

Bab al-Ghuri

AN 917/ AD 1511

99

Al

28, 34, 36, 96-97

98

934 / AD 1527-28

Sabil-kuttab of Isa'il ibn Ahmad

(al-Maghlawl / al-Manawi)

64, 66, 99

AH 1068 / AD 1657

Fagade of the zawiya of Fatima Umm Khawand

ninth century An / fifteenth century AD

Mausoleum of al-Sha'rani

ca. An 975 / AD 1567

Mosque of Qadi 'Abd al-Basit

All 823

Ribat of the wife of Sultan inal

ca. AK860 ( AD 1456

100

Hawd and sabil of Muhammad Bey Abu'l Dhahab

AH 1188 / AD 1774

100

/ AD

INDEX

99-100

100

1420

OF

99

BUILDINGS

B-YN UMBER

203

No.

Name of Monument

Date

Qa'a and maq'ad in the waqf al-Sha'rani

All 1138 / AD

Wikalat al-Ghuri

AH 909-10/ AD1504-5

House in the waqf ol Sa'id Pasha

All 909-10/ AD 1504-5

101

Maq'ad of al-Ghuri

AH 909-10/ AD 1504-5

101

Mausoleum and sabil-kuttab of al-Ghur

AH 909-10/ AN 1504-5

101

Tomb of Muhammad al-Anwar

AH 1195 / AD 1780

Sabil-kuttab of Zayn al-Abidin

eleventh century A / seventeenth century AD

Sabil-kuttab of Sulayman Bey al-Kharbutli

All 1047

I AD

1637

102

Sabil-kuttab of Khalil Effendi al-Muqati'gui

All 1042

/ AD

1632

102

House of Gamal al-Din al-Dhahabi

AM1044

I AD

1634

102

Sabil-kuttab of Abu'l Iqbal 'Arifm Bey

Al 1125 / AD 1713

102

Hawd of Qaytbay

before AN901 / AD 1496

102

Wikala of Qaytbay

AH 882 / AD 1477

Sabil-kuttab of Qaytbay

All 882

House in the waqf of Zaynab Khatun

AN 873 and 1125 / AD 1468 and 1713

62, 103

Madrasat al-Ghanamiya

All 774 / AD 1372

62, 103

Mosque of al-Azhar

AN359-61 / AD 970-72

Mosque of Muhammad Bey Abu'l Dhahab

AN1188 / AD 1774

104

Mosque of al-Ayni

All 814 / AD 1411

104

Zawiya of Ahmad

204

ibn Sha'han

Page

1AD

1725

100
100-1

101-2
102

35, 103

1477

103

6, 34, 36, 46, 61, 66, 103-4

tenth century AN/ sixteenth century AD

104-5

Mausoleum of Sudun al-Qasrawl

before Al 873 / AD 1468

105

Mosque of Kafur al-Zimam

AN829-30

105

Mosque of al-Fakahani and Fatimid doors

AN1184 / AD 1736; AH 544/ AD 1149 (doors)

Mosque of Aslam al-Silahdar

All 745-46 1 AD 1344-45

Tomb of Azdumur

before All 922 /AD 1517

Mosque of Qagmas al-Ishaqi

AH 885

1480

106

Mosque of Ahmad al-Mihmandar

All 725 / AD 1324

106

Mosque of al-Salih Tala'i'

Ai 555

/ AD

1160

60, 106-7

Mosque of Malimud al-Kurdi

All 795

/ AD 1393

107

Mosque of Inal al-Yusufi

AH 794 /AD

Mosque of Ganibak

All 830 / AD 1426

Mosque of al-Maridani

AN738-40 / AD 1337-39

Mosque of Aqsunqur

Al 747 / AD 1346

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

BY

NUMBER

/ AD

AD 1425-26

1392-93

105
105-6
106

37, 107
107-8
108
34, 61, 108

No.

Date

Page

Madrasa of Umm al-Sultan Sha'ban

All 770 / AD 1368

109

Mosque of Alti Barmaq

AN 1123 / AD 1711

109

Mosque of Sudun Min Zada

All 804 / AD 1401

109

Qubba of al-Qimari

AH 730 / AD 1329

109-10

Mosque and mausoleum of Ganem al-Bahlawan

All 863-916

Mosque of Ulmas

AN 730

Mosque of Ilgay al-Yusufj

All 774

/ AD

Madrasa of Sultan Hasan

AN 757-64/ AD 1356-62

Madrasa of Gawhar al-Lala

AH 833

1430

111

Mosque al-Mahmudiya

All 975 1 AD 1568

111-12

Mosque of Qanibay al-Sayft (Amir Akhur)

All 908/ AD 1503

112

Mosque of al-Sukkari

twelfth century AH / eighteenth century AD

Mosque of Mangak al-Yusufi

All 750 J AD 1349

112

Mausoleum of Yunus al-Dawadar

All7B3 J AD 1382

113

Khanqah of Nizam al-Din

All757

/ AD

1356

113

Ribat of al-Zayni

AN 856

/ AD 1452

76, 113

Mosque of Sulayman Pasha

AN 935/ AD 1528

113

Mosque of al-Nasir Muhammad

AH 735/ AD 1335

114

Sabil of Shaykhu

AH 755 / AD 1354

114

Mosque of Ahmad Katkhuda al-'Azab

All 1109 / AD 1697

114

Zawlyat al-'Abbar

AN 683

Mosque of Shaykhu

All 750 / AD 1349

115

Mosque of al-Ghuri

All 909/ AD 1504

37, 115

Sabil-kuttab of Muhammad Katkhuda Mustahfizon

AN 1131 / AD 1718

115

Mosque of Qanibay al-Muhammadi

All 816

/ AD

1413

115

Khanqah of Shaykhu

AH 756

/ AD

1355

116

Mosque of Kushqadam al-Ahmadi

Ca. Ali 768-78 and 885-94 /AD 1366-77 and 1480-89

Minaret of Qanibay al-Sharkasi

All B45

Zawiya of Mustafa Pasha

AN 1035

Minaret of the mosque of al-Baqli

AH 696

/ AD1297

117

Minaret of the mosque of al-Ghuri

AH 915

/ AD

1509

117

Mosque of Messih Pasha

All 983

/ AD

1575

117

Sabil-kuttab of Sulayman Gawish

AN1042 / AD 1632

Name of Monument

110

AD 1478-1510

110

AD 1329-30

/ AD

/ AD

/ AD

/ AD

INDEX

110

1373

3, 6, 23, 28, 32, 34, 37, 60, 110-11

43, 112

114

1284-85

116

1441-42

116

1625

117

OF

117

BUILDINGS

BY

NUMBER

205

No.

206

Name of Monument

Date

Page

648 1 AD 1250

Mausoleum of Shagarat al-Durr

All

Mausoleum of Qurqumas

All 917 ! AD 1511

Zawiya of Gulaq

before All 870 /

Madrasa and sabit of al-Ashraf Barsbay

All 829 / AD 1425

Mosque of Qadi Sharaf al-Din

AH 717-38 1 AD 1317-37

Fagade of the mosque of Muqbil al-Dawudi

AH

Mosque of al-Camali Yusuf

ca. AH 845 1 AD 1441-42

Sabil-kuttab of al-Kirdani

eleventh century All/ seventeenth century

Mosque and sabil of Muhammad Sai'd Gaqmaq

AH 855

1451

119

Mosque of Murad Pasha

All986/ AD 1578

120

Mosque of Qadt Yahya Zayn al-Din

AlH848 1 AD 1444

76, 120

Mosque of Abd al-Ghani al-Fakhri

All821

1418

120

Mosque of Asanbugha

AH 772 / AD 1370

120

Madrasa of Muhammad Abu'l Fad1

AH 689 / AD 1290

121

Complex of Sultan Barquq

AH 786-88

1384-86

121

Wikala of Taghribardi

tenth century A-I/ sixteenth century AD

121

Mosque of al-Ghuri and house to the north

AH 909-10 /AD 1504-5

Mosque of al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh

AH 823

Mausoleum of Baybars al-Khayyat

All 920-21 1 AD 1515

Zawlya of Fayruz

All 830

Mosque of Aqsunqur al-Fariqani al-Habashli

All 1080/ AD1669-70

123

Sabil-kuttab of 'Abd al-Baqi Khayr al-)in

All 1088/ An 1677

123

Mosque of al-Mar'a [Fatima Shaqra)

All 873 1 AD 1468

123

Mosque of Yusuf Agha al-Hin

AH 1035

Sabil-kuttab of 'Ali Bey al-Dumiati

AH 1122/ AD 1710

123

Sabil in the waqf of Hebaysh

twelfth century AH / eighteenth century An

124

Bab Zuwayla

AH

Mosque of Malika Safaya

AH 1019

Mosque of al-Burdayn

AH 1025-38

Remains of the mosque of Qawsun

AN 730 / AD 1330

60, 125

Zawiya and sabil of Farag ibn Barquq

AN 811 / AD 1408

68,
70, 125

Mosque of Qadi Yahya

AH 856

1AD1452

125

Minaret and door of the mosque of Bashtak

AH 736 1AD1336

125

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

BY

45, 49,
117-18

37,
72, 118

AD 1466

11B

118

118-19

798 / AD 1395

I AD

/ AD

/ AD

/ AD
/ AD

119

AD

34, 37, 46,

52, 122

122

1426

123

AD 1625

AD 1610

AD 1616-29

119

121-22

1420

485 1AD 1092

NUMBER

119

43, 123

3, 23, 28, 34, 37, 64,

68, 124

124

124

No.

Name of Monument
Mosque of Qaraqoga al-Hasani

Date

Page
125-26

AH 845 /AD 1441-42

Fagede and minaret of the mosque of Mughalbay Taz Am871

/ AD

126

1466

68, 70, 126

Palace of Radwan Bey

AH 1060 / AD 1650

Mosque of Tagbribardi

Am 844 / AD 1440

Mosque of Hason Pasha Tahr

AN 1224 / AD 1809

Mosque of Azbak al-Yusuffi

AN 900 / AD 1494

127

Sabil of Yusuf al-Kurdi

tenth century Am / sixteenth century AD

127

Fagade of zawlya of 'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda

AN 1142 / AD 1729

Qubba of Awlad al-Asyad

eighth century AH / fourteenth century AD

127

Fagade of the mosque of Gaqmaq

All 853 / AD 1449

128

Mosque of Sarghatmish

Al 757 / AD 1356

44, 128

Sabil of Yusuf Bey

AlH 1044

Mosque of Ahmoad ibn Tulun

AN 263-65 / AD 876-79

Mosque of Salar and Sangar

AN 703 / AD 1303

129

Hawd of Qaytbay

AN 880 / AD 1475

130

Mosque of Qaytbay

AN 880 / AD 1475

130

Gate of the mosque of Qawsun

AN 730 / AD 1330

130

Takiyat al-Sulaymaniya

Al 950/ AD 1543

130

Sabil-kuttab of 'Umar Bey

Al 1159 / AD 1746

House of Qaytbay

Al 890 / AD 1485

131

Tomb of Yusuf Aghu al-Habashi

AH 1013/ AD 1604

131

Sabil-kuttab of Yusuf Agha Dar al-Sa'ada

AH 1088 / AD 1677

131

Sabil of Mustafa Musali Shurbagi

Al 1127

Mosque of the amir Husayn

An

719/ AD 1319

131

Mausoleum of Abul' Yusufayn

Am 730/ AD 1329

132

House of Ahmad Katkhuda al-Razzaz

ninth century and All 1192 / fifteenth cent ury

126
126-27

79, 127

128

AD 1634

/ AD

6, 32, 34 44,45, 55, 128-29

130-31

1715

131

35, 132

and AD 1778

Sabil-kuttab of Taha Hasan al-Wardani

twelfth century AH / eighteenth century AD

132

Minaret of the zawiyat al-Hunud

ca. AH 715 /AD 1315

132

Sabil of Ibrahim Agha Mustahfizan

Al 1049-50 / AD1639-40

Sabil and tomb of 'Umar Agha

Al 1063 / AD 1652

133

Zawiya of Muhammad Durgham

tenth century AN I sixteenth century AD

133

Madrasa of Qutlubugha al-Dhahabi

Al 748 / AD 1347

133

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

132-33

BY

NUMBER

207

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No.

Name of Monument

Date

Page

/ AD

140-41

1171-76

307

Ayyubtd wall

AH 566-72

308

Takiya and sabil-kuttab of Sultan Mahmud

AN1164/ AD 1750

35, 141-42

309

Sabil-kuttab of Bashir Agha Dar Sa'ada

All 1131/ AD 1718

142

311

Sabil in the waqf of Kulsun

before AD 1110 / AD 1689

142

312

Khanqah of Sa'ad a]-Din ibn Ghurab

AH BD3-8 / AD 1400-6

142

(317) Minaret of the mosque of Gaqmaq

1AD

before Al 857

/ AD

142-43

1453

44, 143

1631

321

House and sabil of al-Kritliya

AH 1041

322

Remains of the palace of al-Ghurit

AD

323

Bawd of Shaykhu

eleventh century

324

Sabil-kuttab of Qaytbay

All 884 / AD 1479

325

Gate of the Darb al-Labbana

eighth century

326

Takiya of Taqi al-Din al-Bistami

AH

327

Tomb of Sandal al-Mangaki

eighth century AH

328

Sabil-kuttab of Shahin Agha Ahmad

AH 1086 / AD1675

329

Sabil-kuttab of Muhammad Mustafa al-Muhasibgi

330

Gate of Malika Saftya

AH 1019

331
332

143

906-22 1 AD 1501-16

847 1

/ seventeenth

An

AN

century AD

143
143

(fourteenth century AD

143-44
144

AD1443

/ AD

/ fourteenth

century

144

AD

144

1716

144

/ AD1610

144

Sabil-kuttab of Ibrahun Katkhuda Mustahfizan

AH 1167 / AD1753

145

Takiyat al-Gulshani

AD 926 1 AD 1519

145

(334) Maq'ad of the house of al-Manawi

AH 1169 / AD1755

145

Sabil-kuttab of 'Abbas Agha

AH 1088 / AD 1677

145

(336) Remains of the palace of Muhammad ibn SouwaydanAH 1028 / AD1618

145
145-46

335

1129

337

Sabil-kuttab of Ruqayya Dudu

AH 1174 / AD1761

339

Bayt al-Sihaymi

AH 1058-1211

351

Khan al-Zarakisha

Ca. All 915 / AD 1509

352

Fatimid wall

All 480

(353) Zawiyat al-Arbain

/ AD

76, 146

1648-1796

64, 66, 146

1AD1087

All 1267 ( AD

146-47
147

1250

147

355

House of 'Abd al-Wahid al-Fasi

tenth century AD / sixteenth century

356

Bab al-Harat al-Mabyada

AH 1084 / AD 1673

357

Tomb of al-Shurafa

before AlH901 J AD 1496

358

Sabil-kuttab of Nafesa al-Bayda

AH 1211

359

Tomb of 'Ali Negm

eleventh century AD( seventeenth century AD

360

Mausoleum of Qansuh Abu Said

AH 904

(361) Sabil and house of Hasan (Sabil Darb al-Masmat)

/ AD

( AD

AD

147
147

147

1796

147
148

1499

148

AH 1193 / AD 1779-80

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

BY

NUMBER

209

No.

Name of Monument

Date

353

Sabil of Ibrahim Shurbagi Mustahfizan

AH 1106

/ AD1694

148

364

House of 'Abd al-Hamid Wa'di

AH 1015 j AD 1606

148

3G5

Zawiya of Radwan Bey

AH1060 1 AD 1650

70, 148

Page

(366) Sabat in the waqf of al-Fakahani

tenth century Ala / sixteenth century AD

(367) Fagade of the wikalat al-Kharbutli

AN 1175

/ AD

1762-63

148
148

(368) Fagade of the houses of Munib al-Alayli and

Shaykh al-Qayati

twelfth century AH / eighteenth century AD

68, 148-49

369

Waterwheel

AH 712/

AD 1312

149

370

Mausoleum of Aqtay al-Farisi

AH 652

/ AD 1254

149

(371) Zawfya of lldah Basha

AH 1084 / AD 1673

149

(374) Zawiya and sabil-kuttab of Shaykh Murshid

AH 9401 AD 1533-34

149

(375) House of Hasan 'Abd al-Latif

twelfth century AH / eighteenth century AD

149

376

Sabil of the amir Khalil

All 1174

AD 1761

149

377

Mosque of Qara Muhammad Pasha

All 1113 / AD 1701

150

(378) Mosque of Sayyida 'Ayesha

AN1175

382

Mosque of Sulayman Agha al-Silahdar

All 1253-55 1 AD 1837-39

395

Fagade of the wikala of Nafisa al-Bayda

AH 1211 / AD 1796

150

396

Wikala and sabil of 'Abbas Agha

AH 1106/ AD1694

150

397

Wikala and sabil of al-Naqadi

AN 1027/ AD 1618

150-51

398

Wakalat Bazar'a

AD 1762

46, 150
84, 150

late eleventh century AD / seventeenth century An

151

(399) Wikalat al-Firakh

eighth century (?) AN/ fourteenth century (?) AD

151

(400) Manzil in the waqf al-Haramayn

tenth century AH/ sixteenth century AD

401

Sabil-kuttab of Tusun Fasha

AH 1236/ AD 1820

151

402

Sabil-kuttab of Isma'il Pasha

AH 1244/ AD1828

151

64, 66, 151

(403) Fagade of the wikalat al-Lawand

before AD 1120 (AD

1708

151

(404) Bawd of Ad al-Rahman Katkhuda

before AH 1179 lAD 1765

152

405

Sabil-kuttab of Hasan Katkhuda

AH 1113 / AD 1701

152

406

Qasaba of Radwan Bey (western side, including

the faqade onto Midan Bab Zuwayla)

407

eleventh century AN/ seventeenth century AD

152

eleventh century AH / seventeenth century AD

5, 56, 152

Qasaba of Radwan Bey (castern side, including

the faqade onto Midan Bab Zuwayla)

210

70,152

Hoftsc favades at nos. 17, 19, and 20,

Shari' al-Khiyamiya

40B

eleventh century AH / seventeenth century AD

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

BY

NUMBER

No.

N'ame of Monument

Date

Page

Fagades to the south of the zawiya of Farag ibn Barquq eleventh century AH i seventeenth century AD

152

Hammram of al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh

AH 823 / AD 1420

153

Wikala and sabil-kuttab of Gamal al-Din al-Dhahabi

AH 1047 / AD 1637

153

Qubba of Shaykh 'Abdallah

I sixteenth century AD
tenth century AM

153

Mosque of al-Khalawatl

AH 1173 1AD 1759

153

Tomb of Sangar al-Gamaqdar

AU 710/ AD 1310

153

Sabil of Easan Agha Arzingan

An 1246/ AD 1830

Sabil, hawd, and manzil of Kur Abdallah

AU 1145

Wikalat al-Nasharin

before AM 1215 / AD 1800

154

Wikalat al-Sanadqiya

AM1100/ AD 1688-89

154

Facade of the wikala in the waqf of al-Matyali

eleventh century AU / seventeenth century AD

154

Wikalat al-Gallaba

tenth century Au ( sixteenth century AD

37, 154

Minaret and mosque of 'Ali al-Amri

tenth century Al] I sixteenth century AD

154

AU 1147 f AD 1735

154

(AD

76, 153

153

1732-33

Sabil-kuttab of Muhammad Katkhuda

al-Dawudli or 'Umar Gawish
Madrasat al-Kamiliya

AH 622 / AD 1225

154-55

Sabil of Salim Agha

AM 1166 1 AD1753

72, 155

Fagade of zawlyat al-Tabbakh

twelfth century (?)An I eighteenth century (?) AD

Wikala and sabil in the waqf al-Iaramayn

eleventh century and AH 1272 1

155

155

seventeenth century and AD 1856

Wikala of Abu'l Rus

AH 1131 1AD 1718-19

Manzil in the waqf of Ibrahim Effendi Shenan

twelfth century A

Sabil, mosque, and tomb of Shaykh Ramadan

AH 1175

House of Shaykh Sayim

twelfth century Amd eighteenth century AD

House and qa'a in the waqf of al-Abbar

twelfth century (?)AH / eighteenth century (?] AD

156

Maq'ad of Qaytbay

Ca. AH 896 I AD 1490

156

Parts of the house of Gawhar Agha

twelfth century AU / eighteenth century AD

156

House of Sitt Wasila'

AN1046

/ AD1637

156

House of 'Abd al-Rahman al-Harrawl

AU1144 / AD 1731

156

Sabil-kuttab of 'Uthman Abdallah Roq'et al-Qamh

AM1125 / AD 1713

62, 156-57

/ AD1754

62, 157

Fagade of the mosque of al-Hifni

All 1172 / AD1759

76, 157

House and sabil-kuttab of the amir 'Abdallah

All 1132 / AD 1719

157

Mosque and sabil of Shaykh Muhammad al-Ghurayib An 1168

/ AD

INDEX

155

/ eighteenth century AD

155

155

1762

OF

BUILDINGS

BY

62,155-56

NUMBER

211

No.

Name of Monument

Date

Page
I seventeenth century AD

(453) Wikala of Shaykh 'Abud al-Mana'ifa

eleventh century

(457) House in the waqf of Ibrahim Agha

AH 1062 / AD 1652

157

(458) Khan Said

Al 920-21 / AD 1515

157

459

All

157

Mosque of 'Ali ibn al-Arabi and

house of Muhammad al-Mahruqi

AK 1199 / AD 1784

157-58

460

Wikalat al-,Sharaybi

twelfth century Al I eighteenth century AD

158

461

Sabd-kuttab of Ahmad Effendi Salim

Al 1111 / AD 1699

158

462

Mosque of al-Gawhari and fagade

of the adjoining building

463

AR 1261 / AD 1845

tenth century AH; A 1010 and 1169i

Manzil of al-Sadat al-Wafaiya

sixteenth century

AD; AD 1679 and 1755

15B

(464) Mosque of Ganen al-Tagir

AH 871 / AD 1466

158

(465) Mosque of al-Ghamri

AH 850 IAD 1446

37, 159

466

sixth century An / twelfth century AD

Qa'a bf al-Dardir

I AD

159

(468) Fagade of the wikalat al-Tabtabay

AH 1047

(469) Faqade of the houses next to the sabil al-Tabtabay

twelfth century (?)AH I eighteenth century (?) AD

159

1637

159

(470) Manzil of 'Uthman 'Amara and

Zaynab Umm Ahmad

twelfth century AH / eighteenth century AD

159

471

House of Mustafa Ga'far

All 1125 / AD 1713

159

476

Mausoleum of Ragab al-Shirazi

AN781 / AD1379

160

477

Zawiya of Abu'l Khayr al-Kulaybati

AH 411-27 / AD 1021-36

160

(478) Two tombs in the zawiyat al-Sutubi

Ca.AH 700 (?) I AD 1300 (7)

160

479

Fatimid mausoleum

AH 527 1 AD 1133

160

480

Mosque of Said al-Su'ada

thirteenth century AH I nineteenth century AD

160

(481) Pagade of the mosque of al-Bulqini

AH 791

482

Church of the Virgin, Horat Zuwoyla

fourth-twelfth century AH / tenth-eighteenth century AD

483

Church of the Virgin, Harat al-Rum

eighth (?)-thirteenth century AH/ fourteenth (?)

AD 1389

nineteenth century AD

160

160-51

161

(484) Fagade and door of wikala of al-Uqbi,

or Khan al-Fisqiya

before Al 901 / AD 1496

J51

(485) Mosque of Yahya ibn 'Aqab

API1047 / AD 1637

161

(486) House in the waqf of al-Safti

twelfth century (?)AD / eighteenth century (?) An

161

(487) Favades of houses in Shari' al-Dardir

eleventh century AH / seventeenth century AD

161

212

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

BY

NUMBER

No.

Name of Monument

(488) House in the waqf of al-Magharba

Page

Date

eleventh-twelfth century An /

161

seventeenth-eighteenth century AD

(489) Sabil and houses in Shari' al-Ghamri

twelfth century (?)AH I eighteenth century (?)AD

162

(490) Fagade of the manzil and hammam al-Margush

AN 1194 / AD 1780

162

twelfth century AH / eighteenth century AD

162

(493) House of 'Abd al-Mu'min Shakrun

eleventh century (7)AH / seventeenth century (?) AD

162

(495) Manzil in the waqf of Bashir Agha

twelfth century (?) AH I eighteenth century (?)AD

162

(496) Sabil and wikalat al-Manawl

before Al 1159 / AD 1747

152

(491) Fagade and portal of the wikala and

sabil-kuttab in the Atfat al-Zababqi

497

House of 'Ali Effendi Labib

(498) Sabil-rab' al-Balfiya

499

Hawsh of 'Utay / Wikala of Muhsin Ramadan

twelfth century An / eighteenth century AD

162-63

twelfth century Al i eighteenth century AD

153

All 1233 1 AD 1817

153

(500) Fagade of the house of al-Kashif

late twelfth century AN / late eighteenth century AD

(501) House of Mahmud Sudan

twelfth century All / eighteenth century AD

163

(502) Zawiya of Sidi Muhammad al-Sha'rani

tenth century (?)An I sixteenth century (?)AD

163

503

Mosque of Muhammad 'Ali

AN 1265

32, 153

163-64

AD 1348

(504) House in the waqf of Banush Bey

twelfth century AN/ eighteenth century AD

164

505

AH 1229 f AD 1814

164

The Gawhara Palace

62, 164

(506) Sabil-kuttab of 'Ayesha al-Sutuhiya

before Al 1169 / AD 1755

507

Sabil of Kosa Sinan

twelfth century AH J eighteenth century AD

164

510

Qubba of Shnykh Su'ud

All 941 / AD 1534

164

(514) House of Thusraw Pasha

AN 1065 / AD 1654-55

165

(518) Rab' of Qaytbay

ca. AH 896 / AD 1490

165

521

Mosque of Ahmad Bey Kohya

(534) Maq'ad of the Faramangui House

AHl710

/ AD

165

1310

twelfth century An / eighteenth century AD

165

541

House in the waqf of al-Mulla

All 1065 / AD 1654

165

545

House in the waqf of Mustafa Sinan

eleventh century All (seventeenth century AD

165

548

Wikala in the waqf al-Tutungi

eleventh century All

165

549

Remains of the palace of al-Nasir Muhammad

All 7141 AD 1314

550

Two street roofings behind the mosque of al-Ghuri AN 909-10

seventeenth century AD

166

166

AD 1504-5

62, 166

(551) Bab al-Khala (al-Qarafa)

AH 566-72 (?) / AD 1171-76 (?)

(552) Tiles in the mosque of al-Khudayri

Al 1181 / AD 1767

166

553

AH 10941 AD 1683

166

Sabil-kuttab of Mustafa Shurbagi Mustahfizan

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

BY

NUMBER

213

No.

214

Name of Monument

Date

Page

Zawiya of Gafar al-Sadiq

All 1100/ AD 1688-89

166

Bab al-Azab

All 1168 / AD 1754

167

Bab al-Mudarrag

AH 579 / AD 1183-84

167

Sabit of al-Wafa'iya

AH 846 /AD 1442

167

Mosque of Ayesha al-Sutuhiya

before AH 119 / AD 1755

72, 167

House of Amna hint Salim

Al 947 / AD 1540

45, 167

Sabil of al-Nasir Muhammad

All 726/ An 1326

167-68

Hammam of Inal

All 861 / AD 1456

168

Hammam al-Tanbali

twelfth century Ai

Mausoleum of Ahmad Pasha Tahir

Al 1233 /AD

Hamnman al-Effendi

twelfth century (?)Al i eighteenth century (?) AD

Hammam al-'Adawi

thirteenth century All / nineteenth century AD

Cistern in the Citadel

All 712 ] AD1312

168

Tomb of Ibrahim Khalifa Guindiant

Ali 1052 / AD 1642

159

Sabil-kuttab of Husayn al-Shu'aybi

twelfth century An i eighteenth century AD

169

Mausoleum of Husam al-Din al-Turuntay

All 689 / AD 1290

169

Sabil and wikala of Udah Basha

All 1084 / AD 1673

J59

Hammam al-Malatyali

Al

1194 / AD 1780

159

Hawd of Ibrahim Agha Mustahfizan

An 1070

/ AD

1659

170

House in the waqf of Ibrahim Agha

AH 1062/ AD 1652

170

Hammam al-Sukkarlya

twelfth century AH / eighteenth century AD

170

Wikalat al-Muhammadayn

twelfth century Al

Wikala in the waqf al-Haramayn

All 1080 / AD 1669

Wikala of Sulayman Agha al-Silahdar

AH 1253

1837

170

The Archives Building

AH 1244 / AD 1828

170-71

The Mint

An 1227/ AD 1812

171

House in the waqf of Mahmud al-Shabsirl

AH 1040-45

The Hurim Palace

AiH1234/ AD 1827

House in the waqf of Ibrahim Agha

AH 1052

Bab al-Barqiya

Ali 566-72 / AD 1171-76

Fagade of the wikala of Bedawlya Shahin

AH 1189

Gate of the Bayt al-Qadi

thirteenth century AH / nineteenth century AD

172

Wall of the Qaramidan

AH 712 / AD 1312

172

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

BY

NUMBER

eighteenth century AD

1817

/ AD

/ AD

1AD

35, 168

76, 168

/ eighteenth

century AD

1630-35

1652

AD 1766

168

64, 66, 168

170

170

171

171

171

171

171-72

No.

Name of Monument

Date

Page

House in the waqf of Ibrahim Agha

Aa 1062 / AD1652

172

Wikalat al-Shishin

Ca. AHr1107 ) AD1695

172

Tomb of Khalil Ibrahim Shurbagi

twelfth century All I eighteenth century AD

172

House of al-Khorazati

AH 1299

Hanimam al-Gamaliya

before Au 1152 / AD 1739

173

Wikalat al-Mulla al-Kabira

before AH 1112 / AD1700

173

Mosque of al-Shuhada

AH 1281 t AD 1864

173

House of al-Again

AH 1288 / AD 1871

173

Bab al-Qantara

AH 480 / AD 1087

173

Mosque of Shams al-Din al-Ramli

before A 957 ( AD 1550

173

fab al-Tawflq

AH 480 / AD 1087

173

Tower no. 17

AH 566 (?) I AD 1170 (7)

173

Mosque of Isma'il al-Sha'rani

twelfth century (?)All / eighteenth century (?)AD

174

Sabil-kuttab of Ahmad Pasha

All 1281

Wikalat al-Gulshaniya

before All 1215 ( AD 1800

174

Wikalat 'Ain al-Gazal

before Al 1160 ( AD 1747

174

Hammam al-Nahhasin

before Al 1215 ( AD 1800

174

Wikalat al-Asal

eleventh-thirteenth century AH /

172

AD1881

174

AD 1864

174

seventeenth-nineteenth century AD

/ AD1600-1930

Synagogue of Ha'nm Capusi

ca. AN1009-1349

Wikala of 'Umar ibn Trak

eleventh-thirteenth century (?)Ai

174

175

seventeenth-nineteenth century (?) AD

House entrance, no. 22, Shari' Khan Abu Takiya

/ eighteenth century AD
twelfth century AMl

Synagogue of Maimonides

sixth-fourteenth century AH( twelfth-twentieth century AD

Karaite Synagogue

thirteenth Century AH / nineteenth century AD

Church of the Holy Order of St. Francis

All 1271

Portal of the wikalat al-Mihmandariya

eleventh century (?) AH / seventeenth century (?) AD

175

Structure adjacent to Ayyubid wall

thirteenth century (?)All / nineteenth century (?)AD

175

Minaret and portal to the madrasat al-Ghanamiya

twelfth century (7)An / eighteenth century (?) AD

Takiya of Abu'1 Dhahab

Ca. AH 1318 ! AD 1900

176

Wikala of Bakr Shurbagi (?)

eleventh century AH I seventeenth century AD

176

Mosque of Abmad al-Dardir

Ca. AH 1200 / AD1785

176

Hanmain al-Sharaybi

twelfth century An / eighteenth century AD

176

175

/ AD1854

INDEX

OF

175

175

175

BUILDINGS

BY

NUMBER

62, 176

215

No.

Name of Monument

Date

Page

Zawtyat al-Harisi

twelfth century (?)An / eighteenth century (?)AD

176

Ottoman maq'ad

twelfth century (?) Art

eighteenth century (?)AD

176

Wikalat al-Sayf

thirteenth century AH / nineteenth century AD

176

Cathedral of St. Nicholas

AN1306 / AD1888

177

Hammam aI-Gabali

before AH601 / AD 1205

177

Sabil of Umm Husayn Bey

Ca. An 12671 AD 1851

76, 177

Tomb of Patina al-Nabawiya

Ca. AH 12671 AD1850

177

Hammam Darb al-Ahmar

twelfth century (?)An I eighteenth century (?) AD

177

Wikala of YusufAgba Dar al-Sa'ada

AH 1088

dAD1677

177

Zawiya of Arif Pasha

AH 1284/ AD 1868

177

Zawiya of 'All al-Maghrabi

AB 1282 (7) / AD 1866 (?)

178

Hammam al-Qirablya

twelfth century (7)AH

eighteenth century (?) AD

178

House of Hanaft al-Bayda,

no. 4, 'Atfat smail Kashif

twelfth century An I eighteenth century AD

178

Sabil-kuttab, no. 5, Shari' al-Magharbellin

twelfth century (?) AH / eighteenth century (?) AD

178

Maq'ad to the east of the Bab Zuwayla

twelfth century (?) AH / eighteenth century (?) AD

148

Islamic Museum

An 1321

Mosque of Ragab Agha

Ca. AH 1267 / AD 1850

House, no. 5, Shari' al-Qirabiya

thirteenth century An

Maq'ad, no. 14, Shari' al-Ganibakiya

twelfth century (?) Ali (eighteenth century (?] AD

179

Rab'-wikala, no. 8, Darb al-Dalil

eleventh century (?) AN1seventeenth century (7) AD

179

The Citadel, wall of the Northern Enclosure

Al 579-12421 AD 1183-1826

Tomb of Shaykh Ibrahim al-Giza

eleventh century (?] Al

seventeenth century (7)AD

180

Tomb of Shaykh 'Uthman al-Fathi

eleventh century (?) AH / seventeenth century (?)AD

180

The Citadel Army Barracks

ca. An 1244 / AD1828

180

Tomb of al-Marghani

thirteenth century An / nineteenth century AD

180

House, no. 45, Shari' al-Mahgar

AH 1334 1 AD 1915

180

House, no. 2, Atfac al-Zelahi

Ca. AU1267 f AD 1850

181

eleventh century (?) AH / seventeenth century (?) AD

181

Zawiya and tomb of Shayk

216

Abdallah al-Baz

/ AD

1903

All 1063

House, no. 6, Shari' Hainunam Bashtak

eleventh century Am

Rab' al-Tabbana

All921-22 ! AD 1516

New mosque of Qawsun

All 1311 1 AD 1893

OF

BUILDINGS

BY

NUMBER

178

nineteenth century AD

178

179-80

I AD1652

House of 'Umar Agha

INDEX

43, 178

181

I seventeenth

century

AD

181
181
46, 60, 181

We

No.

Name of Monument

Date

U63

House, no. 52, Shaii' Muhammad 'Ali

AH

U64

House. no. 15. Rarat Ahmad Pasha Yaken

AH 1334

U65

House, no. 18, Harat .4hrnad Pasha Yaken

ca. AH 1334 1 AD 1915

U66

House, no. 12, Harat Ahmad Pasha Yaken

ca. AH 1334 1 M 1915

182

U67

Housc, no. 6. Harat Ahmad Pasha Yaken

All

1346 1 ,AD 1927

182

U68

Sabil of Ulht Qadin

AH 1280 1 An 1863

182

U69

Mosque of Mustafa Fadil Pasha

AII l2OOIm 1863

182

U70

Mosque of 'Ail al-Tarrabi

eleventh ccntury (1) AH !seventeenth century

U71

Well, quam:

AN

U72

Bayi al-Gazia

U73

Hause, no. 24, Karat Salim Pasha

[?I / AD 1176-93 (?I

twelfth centuly (?I nx l tighttenth century I?) AD
twelfth century (7) AH I eighteenth century (7) m

U74

Wikala orMustafa Sinan

AH

U75

Wikala, no. 23, Suq al-Silah

eleventh ceniu~yAX I seventeenth century

U76

Wikala, no. 4, Suq al-Siiah

eleventh ccentury 0 ) AH I s ~ e n i c c n t hcentury (?) Xo

183

U77

Wikala of Qaylbay al-Surugiya

before AH 902 /

183

and ancillaty structures

1290 !AD 1873

181

1 AD

181

1915

182

f?l

182

AD

572-89

182-83

1040 1 A n 1630

183
183
183
183

.AD

AD 1496

ra. AII 658-thi1teenU1cenluy 1 AD 1259-nineteenth centuly

U78

Hammam al-Dud

U79

Wikalat al-Khaiawati

before AH i l l 0 1 xu 1698

184

U80

Tomb of Muhammad a1-Ka'aki

tenth century .AH I sixteenth century AD

184

U8l

Wall of the southern enclosure and Bab al-Gabal

eighth-thirteenth century AH I fourteenth-nineteenth CentuLy AD 184

Us2

Archaeological Garden and Theater

ca. AH 1416 1 ,AD 1995

184

U83

Diwan of Schools

ca. .4H 1246 /

184

Us4

Mamluk kitchens

eighth and,thir(eenth cenwries AM I

..

4D

1830

183

. ,

fotfpnth and nlnetee~lthcenturies AU

188

U85

Bab al-Gedid

U86

Bob al-Alam, Militan, P h n , and School of Artillery ax 1246-1300 1 .kD 1830-82

U87

Burg al-Slha'

411 659-76

U88

Qa'at al-Ashrafiya

AH

U89

Burg ai-Rafraf

~11689-714/ A D 1290-1314

185

U90

llouse of Hasan Pasha Rashid

ca. AH 1339 / A D 1920

105

U91

The Double-Cross Hall

AH 689-714

I?] / m 1290-1314 (?I

195

U92

The Arsenal

ca, AH 12%

I AD 1820

186

U93

Inner Gate

lhltteenth centuly mi / ninrleenth cenhlly AD

U94

Qubbat al-Biraqdar

late elevenrh centuly

AH 1242 / A D 1826

1 AD

184
185

1260-77

185

692 / A D 1292

INDEX

OF

185

AH

186

1 late seventeentl~cenmly AD

BUILDIhIGS

B Y
-

NUMBER

186

217

No.

Name of Monument

Date

U95

Industrial area in the lourer enclosure

thirtcenth cenrury AH I nineteenth century h

U96

Corbclcd facade

twelfth century AH I cigllteenth century

U97

Well of the Hawsh

AH 712

U98

Madrasa or Sidi Shahin

lhirleenih ccntuly AH I nineteenth century

U99

Tomb o ~ b ~ u h a m m aAgha
d

page

1 AD

thirteenth century

UlOO alacc of Muhammad 'Ali

AD

1312

AH

AD

I nineteenth century AD

all 1234 /AD 1027

UlOl Burg al-Zawiya

eighth century (7) AH I fourteenth century I?) AD

U102 Ottoman sabil-kuttab

rwelfrh century

U103 Mosquc of Sidi Ailmad al-Rifa'i

AH

1286-1330

Ul04 Tomb of Mustafa Kamil

AH

1376 1 AD 1956

U105 Takiyat Mevleviya

AH

1225 1 AD 1810

U106 Hammam of Shaykhu

AH 756 / A D 1355

U107 Subil of Umm 'Abbas

AH

U108 Sabil of lbrahim Bey al-WaIi (?I

twelfth century AH I eighteenth century

U109 Kitchens of Muhammad ' N i

AH

UlSO Tomb and zawiya of Sidi Gaia1 al-Assiuti

AH 1211

Ulll

AH

/ AU

I eighteenth century AD
1869-1911

1284 1 AD 1867
AD

1229 !AD 1814

/ AD

1796

Minaret of thc mosque of Muhammad al-Burdayni tenth century AH / sixteenth century AD

U l l 2 Wikala of Nasan Katkhuda

n H 1113 1 AD 1701

U113 Hammam of Kushqadam

eighth cenlury AH !fourteenth century

U114 Mosque o r Kalamtay al-Gamali

AH 1233 / A D 1818

U115 Tomb of Ibrahim al-Fawwar

thirteenth century AH / ninetcenth ccntluy m

U116 Mosque of Sayyida Suhayna

AH 1322 / n o 1904

U117 Hammam al-Khalifa

thirteenth cenbry AH I nineteenth century AD

U118 Mosque of Shagarat al-Dun

AH 1335 / A D 1916

US19 Sabil of Qaytbay

AH 880 / A D 1475

UIZO Wikala, No. 53 Shari' Tulun

twelfth centuly

AD

U123 Mosque of Muhammad al-Buktumli

I righlernth centu~y.lo
twelfth centmy (1)AH 1 eighteenth century I?) AE
thirteenth century I?) AH I nineteenth century (7) A D
lilirieenlh centuy AH I nineteenth century AD

U124 Wikala of Hasan Katkhuda aldagdali

twelfth century I?]

AH I eighteenth century I?] AD

U125 House of Sakna Basha

thirteenth century AH I nineteenth century

Ul26 Sayyida Zaynab Children's Park

AH 1410 1 AD 1989

U127 Citadel retaining wall

eighth century

U l 2 l Hammam, No. 83 Shad'.Iulun

Ul22 Tomb of Sidi al-Arhain

218

INDEX

O F

BUILDINGS

B Y

N U M B E R

AH

(?I M I roulteenth

AD

century (71 AD

No.

Name of Monument

Page

Date

(?I

/ eighteenth century [?) AD

U128 Mosque o f Muharumad Kishr

twelfth century

U129 Wikala, no. 11, Shari' Mu'izz li-Din Allah

elcvenih century (?I AH 1 sevenreenth century (71 AD

140

U130 Zawiya of 'Abd al-Karim

before h~ 1215 /

1800

191

U131 Mosque of Anbar al-Nur

thirteenth century AH I ninetecnth crntuly AC

191

U132 Church of St. Mark

thirteenth century

U133 bluharnrnad i\Ii-pcriod palace

before AH 1267 /

U134 Mansur Palace

A11

U135 Mosque of 'Abbas 11Hilmi

AH 1322 1 AD 1904

191

U136 Palace, no. 4,Sharr lbrahim Bry

ca. .w 1310 1 AD 1900

191

AH

AD

AH

AD

I ninctcenm

century AD

1850

O F

191
191

191

1311 / A D 1893

I N D E X

190

B U I L D I N G S 4.Y:

NUMBER

219

Index of Buildings by Name

Numerals i n roman typeface (In parentheses for formerly
registered monuments; with a U prefix for unregistered
monuments, or monuments registered without a number)
refer t o cataiogue number: italicized numerals designate
page rcfercnccs t o individual monuments as well as urban
entltlcs treated in the introduction. Name entries are In most
instances listed under the personal name [rsmor 'aiam): thus
Qalawun, rather than al-Mansur Oalawun al-Alfi. In instances
where common usage dictates otherwise, entries are listed
under the kujiya or loqab (honorltic or descr~ptiveepithet).

'Abd a-Rahman Katkhuda

hawd: (404). See olso 260
mosque of 'Ayesha ai-Sutuhiya: (558),pp. 72
mosque OF al-Azhar, restorat!oni: 97
mosque of al-Azhar, Barber's Gate: pp. 37
mosque of al-Hlini: (451). pp. 76
mosque of al-Husayn, restorations: 28
mosque o f Sayyida 'Ayesha: (378).pp. 46
masque of Sayyda Sukayna: U116. pp. 46
mosque of Shaykh 'Ali al-Mutahhar: 40

al-'Abbar, rawlya: 146

'Abbas Agha
sabil-kuttab: 335
wikala and sabil: 396. See also499
'Abbas I (pasha), restorations, in mosque o f al-Husayn: 28
'Abbas II Hilmi [khedive), mosques: U135, U116, p p 46, 66
See also 97
'Abd al-Baqi Khayr a-Din, sabll-kuttab: 194

mosque and sabil o f Shaykh Muhammad al-Ghurayib.448

mosque, sabll, and tomb olShaykh Ramadan: 436
sabii and hawd: 2G0
s b l s and sabll-kuttabs: 21. p p 4 4 . 5 ~olso
~ 196 260,436,448
r a w l y in Shari' Magharbellin: 214,pp. 79
'Abd a-Rahman al-Harrawl. house: 446
'Abd al-Wahid al-Fasl, house. 355

'Abd a-Basit [qadi), mosque: 60

Ablaq palace 549. See olsa U88. U95. 503

Abu Bakr b n Muzhir (chancellor of Qaytbay], mosque: 49

'Abd ai-Gawad ai-Ansari. manzii. See (437)

Abud ai-Mana'ifa (shaykh), wikala and tomb: (453)

'Abd a-Ghani al-Fakhri, mosque: 184

Abu Ghalya, mosque. (137)

'Abd al-Hamid Wa'di, house: 364

Abu Hurayra [Hariba), mosque and tomb: 114

'Abd ai-Karlm, zawiya: U130

Abu'l Dhahab See Muhammad Bey Abu'l Dhahab

'Abd a-Lat~iai-(larafi, mosque: 46

Abu'l Ghadanfar, mausoleum and minaret: 3

'Abdallah [amlr), house and sabii-kuttab: 452

Abu'l lqbal CAnfin Bey), sab!l-kuttab: 73

'Abdallah (shaykh), qubba: 413

'Abdallah ai-Ansari (shaykhl, tomb: U103

Abu'l Khayr al-Kulaybati. zawiya. 477

Abu'l Rus, wikala: (434)

'Abdallah al-Baz [shaykhl, zawiya and tomb: Us8

'Abd al-Mu'mln Shakrun, house: (4931

Abu Taib bhaykh), mausoleum: (141)

Abd al-Qad~r,mausoleum of ai-Sha'ran~. See 59

'Abd a-Qadir ai-Damiri. wlkalas. Sce 179, 597

Abu'l Yusuiayn, mausoleum: 234

Abu Takiya. See isma'll Abu Takiya
al-'Adawi. See Hasan al-Adawl

al-Adil. See U 5 l B, U51C. Us1 E

'Ali Pasha Tahlr, mosque. See 210

al-Afdal, mihrab, n mosque of Ahmad ~ b Tulun.

n
See220

'All al-Rifa'l, tomb: U103,pp. 46

'Ali al-Tarrabi, mosque U70

Aga Khan Trust for Culture, consewatton projects: 125. 248,

307. 619. pp. 53

Aimas. SeeSayf al-Dln Ulmas

al-'Agam, house ltakiyat Iranlya): U7

Almai~kal-Gukandar, mosque. 2 4

al'Agami. Sce Badr al-Dm al-'Agamr

Alnaq al-Nas~ri.palace. 249. See also 248. 307H. 593

Ahmad 'Abd al-Qudus, house: (489)

Altl Barmaq. mosque: 126

Ahmad Bey Kohya, mosquc 521

Altunbugha al-Maridant, mosque: 120

Ahmad al-Dardir, mosque: U29

a-Alwa, burg: U i l O

Ahmad Effendi Sai~m,sabil-kuttab: 461

American Research Center ~n Egypt. Sce Egyptian Antiquities

Ahmad Ibn Sha'ban, zawiya: 103

Ahmad ibn Sulayman, ribat 245
Ahmad ibn Tuiun, mosque: 220. pp. 6.32. 34, 44, 45, 55.
See ulso 321.559

Project
Amin Effend!, sabil-kuttab. See 23
al-Amir, wikala. See 188
Amna bint Salim. house: 559, pp. 45. Ser olso 321

Ahmad Katkhuda al-'Azab, mosque: 145

'Arnr, mosque of: pp 27.30.34

Ahmad Katkhuda al-Kharbutlt

Anbar al-Nur, masque: U131

mosque. See 109

wlkalat al-Kharbutli: (367)

al-Ansari. See'Abd al-Gawad al-Ansari

Anuk, tomb 4 4

Ahmad Katkhuda a-Rarraz, house: 235, pp. 35

a-Anwar, mosque. See 15

Ahmad al-Mihmandar, mosque: 115

'Aqash: 'sab~l'Aqash: Sec 236

Ahmad Pasha, sabil-kuttab U13

Aqbardi lamir). extension t o Yashbak palace. See 266

Ahmad Pasha Tahw

Aqbugha (amir), rnadraza and tomb. See97

mosque: 210

Aqueduct: pp 3. 4, 6, 7.8. 10, 31. 32, 37. 5ee369, 569. U97

tomb: 565, pp. 76

Ahmad al-Qasid, mausoleum: 10

al-Aqmar, mosque: 33, pp. 52

Aqsunqur, mosquc: 123, pp. 34.61

al-Ahmar, burg: US11

Aqsunqur al-Fariqani ai-Habashli, mosque: 193

Ahmet Ill. restorations, ~n mosque of Ahmad al-Mihmandar: 115

al-Arabi. Sce'Ali ibn al-Arabi

'Ain al-Gazal, wikala U15

al-Arbaln. zawlya: (3531

al-Akhdar, bab: pp. 64. See 28

al-Alam, bab: UBG

Archaeolug~calGarden and Theater: US2

' A i Abu Shibbak al-Rifa'i. S r r U103

Arghun, sabll: 561

Archives [Dar al-Mahfuzat]: 605

'Ali Agha Dar al-Sa'ada, sabll-kuliab: 268

Arif Pasha, mosque: U40

'All al-Amri, minaret and mosque: 426

Army barracks: Us4

Arsenal: U92

'Ali al-Baqli, mosque. See 156

'Ali Bey a-Dumlati 197

al-'Asai, wikala: U17

'Ali a-Burdayni, mosque. See U l l l

Asanbugha, mosque: 185

'Ali Effendi Labib, house: 497

al-Ashraf lnal. See lnal

'Ali al-Gizi, tomb (277)

al-Ashraf Khalil. See Khalil

'Ali ibn al-Arab,, mosque: 459

al-Ashraf Sha'ban. sultan: madrasa. See 257

'All Katkhuda 'Azaban, sabil-kuttab. 5ee 335

5ee also Khawand Baraka

'All al-Maghrabi, zawlya: U41

'Askar, Bab Qadi 'Askar: (47)

'All al-Mutahhar (shaykh), mosque and sabll-kuttab: 40

Aslam al-Slahdar, mosque: 112

Alin Aq, paiace. See 219

'Atfat Isma'll Kashif, house: U43

'Ali Negm, tomb: 359

'Atfat ai-Mawargi, house: (4881

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

BY

NAME

221

' A t h t al-Zababqi

Bab (gates) contd.

wtkaia and sabil-kuttab: (491)

al-Khula (al-Qarafa): (5511, pp. 62. See also U51S

house: (501)

a-Mabyada: 356

'Atfat ai-Zelahi, house: US7

al-Gabal: U81

Awlad al-kyad, qubba: 215

al-Gedid: 'Ayyubid 307A:

Aydaghrnish, hammam. SeeU38

Muhammad 'Alid: U85.

Aydakin al-Bonduqdari, tomb. See 146

See olso 556

Aydumurai-Bahlawan, mosque: 22

al-Ghurayib. See (551)

'Ayesha al-Suhutiya

alLGhuri: 56. Seealso 53

mosque: (558). pp. 72. Seealso 352

al-Hadid. See 167 (sabii-kuttab Bab alLHadid)

sabil-kunab: (5061, pp. 62

al-Harat al-Mabyada 356

al-Ayni, mosque: I02

al-Hasanayn. See 28

Aytm~shal-Baijaii

al-lqbal. Sce6. 7

hawd-kuttab' 251

al-'lrr. See 7

mosque: 250

al-Khala (al-QarafafaJ.(5511, pp. 62. See olso U515

al-'Azab. Sce Ahmad Katkhuda al-'Azab

al-Mabyada: 356

al-'Azab, bab: 555 Sec also U92

al-Mitwalii (BabZuwayIal: 199,pp 3,23,28,34.37,

'Azaban (Janissaries). See145, 335, 405, 452, 555, U96

6% 68.

See olso 190

Azbak al-Yusufi, mosque: 211

al-Mudarrag: 556

Azbakiya: pp. 3, 6, 16.55, 58, 60

al-Nasr : 7, pp. 27,30.3234,35,37,56,72.Seeolso307B, 352

Azdumur, tomb: 113. See olso 255

Qadi 'Arkar: (47)

al-Arhar, mosque: 97, pp. 6.34.34 46, 61.66

al-Oantara: U8

al-'Am (khaifl. See 15

a-Qarafa [Bab Qaytbay): 278. See olso (551) [Bab al-Khaial

Bab (gates)

a-Qulla: U51L

and pp. 62, USIS

al-Akhdar.

pyr. %See28

al-Sharlya. See 307C

al-Alam: U86

al-Silsila. See 145. U93

al-'Azab: 555

al-TawAq. U10.5eeolso?A7D, 614

al-Badlstan (aiLGhuri): 53

al-inlada'a. See 144

al-Bahr: pp. 6

al-Wazir: p p 37, 56. See 138, 250. 251, 307H

al-Barqlya: 614. Seeolso352, (551), U10

Zuwayia [al-Mitwalii). 139. pp. 3,23,28, 34, 37, 64. GB.

Bayt al-Qadi:616

See oiso I 9 0

Oarb al-Labbaoa: 325

Babylon: pp 3.6. 14

al-Futuh: 6, pp. 77,28, 32.34, 35, 72,See 01s" 307C

Babylon, fartress of: pp 2 3,

al-Gabal: U81

al-Badchn (al-Ghunl, bab: 53

al-Gedid:'Ayyubld: 307A: Muhammad'Alid U85.

Z 14,27,55

Badr al-Din al-'Agami, mosque. See (39)

S ~ also
P 556

Badr al-Gamali

al-Ghurayib. See (551)

gates: 6. 7, 199, US, U10

a-Ghun: 56. Seeolso 53

tomb. See (170)

al-Hadid. See 167 (sabil-kuttab Bab al-Hadid)

walls. See 352. U11

al-Harat al-Mabyada: 356

al-Bakri (Ibn al-Bakril, mosque: 18

al-Hasanayn. See 28

Bakr ShurbaQi,wikala. See U28

al-lqbai. See 6, 7

Baktimur (arnir]. See 116

al-'122. See 7

Baktlmur al-Mu'mini (arnir), sabil. See 148

222

I N D E X OF

BUILDINGS

BY

MAME

al-Balfiya (Balghya), sabtl-rab': 1498). Seeolso 243

Biibak al-Khazindar, tomb of Fatma. See 25

Balsam Gardens: pp. 2

Bimaristan

Bambah Qadin,sab~l: Ul07

'al-Banat: mosque ('Abd ai-Ghani al-Fakhrl), 184
Barakat Trust, conservatlan projects: 561
al-Barqiya, bab. See 614, U10. See oiso(551)
Barquq [al-Zahir Barquq, sultan)
mausoleum of Raqab al-Shlrazi: 476
mosque complex: 187
wlkala. See (399)
Barsbay (ai-Ashraf Barsbay, sultan)
funeraly complex (northern cemetery). See 15. (1701
mosque complew (al-Oahiral: 175
rab! See 198
Bashir Agha al-Gumdar, madrasa 269

of Qalawun: 43, pp 36
of al-Mu'awad Shaykh.257, pp 43. See olso (1371, 326
al-Biraqdar, qubba: U94
Bircher House. (504)
Birka
al-Azbaklya: pp. 13, 14, 16, 31, 32, 55,58
al-Fil: pp 13, 14, 32, 37, 38, 55, 58
'Bir YusuP: 305, pp. 25.27. See olso U51M
'Blue Mosque' [mosque of Aqsunqurl: 123. pp30.61
Bohra lsma'il~s.restoration projects. See 15. 33, (1 701.

pp 46, 72
Bulaq: pp. 3, 6, 7, 8,10, 14, 31. 37,55
Mosque o f Abu'l 'lla, pp 37

Bashlr Aqha Oar Sa'ada, sabil-kuttabs 308. 309

al-Bulqini See 'Umar ibn Raslan al-Bulq~ni

Bashtak (amir)

al-Bunduqdari. See Aydakin al-Bunduqdan; Baybars al-

hammam: 244
khanqah. See U68
mosque. See 34, 205. U69

Bunduqdari
al-Burdayni. SeeKarim al-Din al-Burdaynl
Burg [defensive towers]. Sec U51 possim

palace: 34. See olso [471

al-Ahmar: U511

tomb. See 221

al-Alwa: US10

al-Basit. See 'Abd ai-Basit

aqueduct pumping tower: 369

a-Bayatira, hammam. SeeU16

al-Haddad U51C

Baybars a-Bunduqdari (al-Zahir Baybars al-Bunduqdar~,sultan)

al-Imam: U51W

Bab al-Qulla: U51L

al-Kirkilyan: U51P

Burg aldiba': U87

ai-Maqlab. See 307E

madrasa: 37, pp. 28, 32

Baybars al-Gashankir (al-Muzaaiar Baybars al-Gashanklr, sultan)
khanqah: 32, pp 37. See olso 1 6
mosque of a-Hakm, restorations. See 15
sabil-kuttab in waqf of. See 16

al-Matar: US15
al-Muballat: U51T
al-Muqattam: USIM. See also: U51K
al-Muqusar: U51U
al-Rafraf: U89. See olso 549

Bayban aKhayyat, mausoleum: 191

al-Ramla: U5lB

Bayn al-Clasrayn: pp. 28,37,61

al-Sat~ra: U51E

a-Baysari. hammam. See 562

no. 17: U17

Bayt. See I-louses; Manzil; Maq'ad; Palaces; Qa'a

al-Sba': U87

Bayt al-Radi, gate. 616. See olso 51

al-Suffa: U51N

Bazar'a, wtkalat Bazar'a: 398

al-Turfa: U51R

al-Bazdar, sabil: 27. See ,erlso pp 64, 66

Bedawry Shahin

al-Zafar: 307.4. See olso 3078, 307E

sabil-kuttab: 337

a-Wuitanl: U51K
a-Zawlva: U l O l

wikala: 615
aldellfia (Bafiya), sabll-rab': (498). See olso 243

Canal. See Khalg al-Masri

Bilal Agha, restoration of khanqah o f Shaykhu See 152.323

Cathedral of St. N~cholas:U34

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

BY

NAME

223

Cemeterm. 5ec 65, U80, pp. 6, 19, 56

Dhabab, al-Dhahabi. SeeGamal ai-Din al-Dhahabi; Muhammad

Bey Abu'l Dhahab; Qutiubugha a-Dhahabi

Centre for Conservation and Prscwation of Islamic

Architectural Heritage, conservation projects: 74

Dhulfiqar Katkhuda Mustahfiran

Chapel o f the Vlrgin Mary Matariya: pp 2.25

sabil-kuttab. 5ee 17
wlkala. E e 19. pp 35;see oiso 551, (371)
'Divdan of Joseph': p p 27.28

Churches
Cathedral of St. Nicholas: U34
Holy Order o f St. Francis: U23

'DivJan of Schools' U83

'Double-Cross Hal': U91

of St. M a r k U132
of thevirgin, Harat ai-Rum: 483

al-Dud, hammam: U78

o f the Virgln. Harat Zuwayla: 482

al-Dumiatl. See'All Bev al-Dumiati

of the Vlrgin, Matariya: pp. 2, 3

Cisterns. See o/so:Sabll-kuttab; Waterworks; Wells

al-Effcndi, hammam: 156M

in Ciladel: 569

Egyptian Antiquities Project (American Research Center In

In house and sabil al-Kritliya: 321

In mausoleum o f Yakub Shah al-Mhmandar: 303

Egypt), conservation and documentation projects: 116, 199,

203,235,358,335,401, U18, U21, U57

in masque complex of Sultan Haian See 133

in mosque al-Mahmudiya- 135

Fadil, hammam Clad! al-Fadll. See 596; see oko Mustafa Fadi Pasha

in mosque of Taghribardi: 209

in sabd of'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda: 21

Fadl Allah, mosque (1861

al-Fa'iz Ikhalifl, mashhad of Husayn. See28
al-Fakahani

i n sabll of Abu'l lqbal CAr~linBey): 73

in sabil of al-Ashraf Barsbay: 175
In sabil of al-Ghur: 67

mosque: 109

in sabil o f lsma'il Pasha: 402

sabat: (366)
al-Fakhr!. See'Abd al-Ghani al-Fakhri

in sabil o f Qaytbay: 324

Farag ibn Barquq [al-Nasir Farag]: p p 37. See olso 187.291

in sabll o f Tusun Pasha: 401

rawlya-sabil. 203, pp. 68, 70

in sabil of Zayn al-Abidin: 69

well o f the Hawsh: U97

Faramangu~House: (534)
Faris Aqtal. mausoleum. 370

Citadel: pp. 2.3. 7, 8. 10, 32, 55.56. 60

al-Farrain, wlkala. See U77

al-Fasi. See'Abd a-Wahid a-Fasi

Daftarkhana (Dar al-Mahfuzat]: 605

al-Damir~. Ser 'Abd al-Qadir al-~amirl

Fatima Umm Khawand, zawlya: 58

Fatma al-Nabawya, tomb: U37

al-Danushari, wlkala. See (434)

Fayruz, zawiya: 192

Dar al-Mahfuzat: 605

Dar ai-lfta: pp. 53

al-Fawwar. See lbrahim al-Fav~war

al-Figi, mosque. See 34
al-Rrakh, wikala: (399)
al-Fisqiya, khan: (484)

Darb al-Ahmar, 'hammam Darb al-Ahmar': U38

Darb ai-Asfar, 'manzil Darb al-Asfar'; (495)
Darb a-Dalil.'wlkala or rab' Darb al-Dalii': US0
Darb al-Labbana, 'Bab Darb al-Labbana': 325

Fortifications. See Bab; Burg; Walls

Franciscans, Church o f the Holy Order o f St. Francis: U23

Darb a-Masmat. 'sabil Darb a-Masmat': (361)

'Fru~tsellers'mosque' (al-Fakahanl): 109

al-Dardir, qa'a: 466

Funduq. See 188, 250.402. See olsa Khan; Wlkala

Darrasa: pp. 53

Fustat: pp. 4 5 5

Dawud Agha, endowment o f mosque o f al-Khalawati. See (414)

al-Futuh, bab: 6, pp 27,28,32,34,35.

Deutsches Archaologisches Institut, Abteilung Kairo IDAIK),

consewation projects: 21. 34, 36.38, 44.45, 52

224

INDEX

OF B U I L D I N G S BY

N A M E

72. See oiso307, 352

ai-Gabal, bdb: U81

al-Gabali, hbmmam: U35

al-Ghamrl contd
sabil-kuttab. See (4911

Gaf'ar. See Mustafa GaPar

al-Ghanamiya, madrasa: 96, pp. 62. See also U26

Gaf'ar al-Kabir, wikala. See433

ai-Ghuraylb

GaYar al-Sadlq, zawiya: 554

bab. See (5511

al-Gallaba, wlkalat: 425, p p 3 7

cemeter/. See U25

Gamal al-Din a-Dhahabl

house: 72
w~kalaand sabil-kuttab: 411

mosque: pp 62
al-Ghuri (al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuii, sultan)
constructions in Khon ol-Kholiir: pp. 37

Gamal al-Din al-Ustadar, masque: 3 5

gatcs (bowwobet): 53. 56

al-Gamali Yusuf, mosque: 178

house: 65

al-Gamaliya, hammam: U4. See 0180 480

Khon ol-Khallli: pp. 37

Ganbalat (sultan]. See U518, U51W

mausoleum: 67

Ganem al-Bahlawan, mosque and mausoleum: 129

minaret 159. See oiso97

Ganem al5harkasi al-Tagr [amirl, mosquc (464)

mosques: 148. 159. 189

Ganibak, mosque: 119

palaces: 66, 322

Gaqmaq (Muhammad Sa'id Gaqmaq, sultan)

renovation o f tower: p. 4.32, See also 369

mosque: 180. See olso 217, [317). U82

rrstorat~ono f Qaramidan. See 617

restoration o f Bab al-Mudarrag. See 556

sabil-kuttab. 67

Gardens and parks

wikala: 54, 64. See oko 56

Aga Khan Park: pp. 53

Giza: pp 3, 10, 14

archaeological garden in Cltadel: U62

al-Gizi. See'Al~ai-Girl

in Bayt aldlhayml: 339

Guiaq, zawiya: 173

o f Islamic Museum: U46

ai-Gulshani, taklya: 332

around mosque of Sulayman Pasha: 142

al-Gulshan~ya, wikala: U14

around mosque of M a l i b Safiya: 200.330

al-Guwv,aniy, iabil-kuttab. See 14

around mosque oTHasan Pasha Tahlr: 210

al-Guyushi, mashhad: p p 46

of sab~lof Hasan Agha Arzingan: 420

S a ~ i d aZaynab Children's Park: U126

al-Haddad, burg: U5lC

al-Gashankir. See Baybars al-Gashankir

al-Hadid: sabil-kuttab Bab al-Hadid. See 167

Gates See Bab

Hadim Sulayman Pasha, takiya. 225

Gayer-Anderson Museum. See 321, 559

al-Hagar, khan. See (434)

Gawhar (treasurer of Qaytbay), madrasa and tomb. See 97

al-Hagg. See Abu Ghalya, al-Hagg

Gawhar Agha, house: (443)

Ha'im Capusl, synagogue: U18

Gawhara Palace: 505. See also U109

al-Haklm (khal10,mosque: 15, pp. 32.34, 72

ai-Gawhari, mosque: 462

Hammam (bathhouse)

Gawhar al-Lala, mosque-madrasa: 134

ai-'Adawi: 15671, pp. 6&,66

Gawhar al-Naslr!, tomb: 270

Aydaghmish. SeeU38

Gawhar al-Slqiili, enclosure walls af al-Qahira. See 6. 7.

15.352

Bashtak: 244

al-Gaz~a,bayt: U72

al-Bayatira. See U16

Darb al-Ahmar: U38

al-Gedid, bab: 307A. U 8 5 See olso 556

al-Dud: U76

al-Ghamri

al-Efiendl: (566)
al-Gabali: U35

madrasa: (465). pp. 37

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

BY

NAME

225

Hammam (bathhouse) contd.

Hasan Katkhuda

al-Gamaliya: U4. See also 480

sabil-kuttab: 405

Inal: 562

w~kala:U112

al-Khaifa: U l l 7 , pp. 3 7

Hasan Katkhuda Abu Shanab. wikala. See 398

Kushqadam: U113

Hasan Katkhuda al-Bagdali, wikala: U124

al-Mu'awad Shaykh: 410

Hasan Katkhuda al-Galfi, mashhad of Husayn. See28

al-Nahhasin. See U16

Hasan Pasha Rashld, house: U90

Qadi al-Fadil. See 596

Hasan Pasha Tahir, mosque. See 210

Qalawun: U16

Hasan al-Rum,, rawiya: 258

al-Ilirabiya: U42

Hasan Sadaqa, tomb: 263. See also U105

al-Saga. Sre U16

Hasan al-Sha'rawi Katkhuda, mosque [ ~ nmadrasat al-Kamiiya).

aldharaybi: U30

See 428

No. 83. Shari' Tulun: U l 2 l

ai-Hatu, waqf of, house: (131

Shaykhu: U106

Hawd [watering troughs)

a l d i t t . See U l l 7

'Abd a-Rahman Katkhuda: (4041. Ste also 260

a-Sukayna. SeeU117

Aytmish a-Bagasi: 251

ai-Sukkarlya: 596

lbrahim Agha MustahRzan: 593

a-Tanbali: 564. pp. 35

Kur Abdallah: (421)

al-Hamzawj al-Sayhir, wikala. See (424)

in mosque o f Azbak a-Yusufi: 211

Hanafi ai-iayda, house: U43

in mosque of Qagmas al-lshaqi: 114

al-Haramayn, wikala. See433, (501)

Muhammad Bey Abu'l Dhahab, 62

al-Haramayn, housr: pp. 64, 66.See (400)

al-Naslr Muhammad. See 561

Harat Ahmad Pasha Yaken, houies in: U64-U67

Qaytbay. 74,222

al-Harat al-Mabyada. bab: 356

Shaykhu: 144,323. See also 152

Harat al-Rum. Church of theVirgin: 483

Hawsh [curtam wall of al-Nasir Muhammad]. See US1

Harat Salim Pasha, house: 1173

habvsh 'Utaylwikala of Muhsin Ramadan): 499

Harat al-Sha'rani, zawiya: (502)

Hebaysh. waqf of, sab~l:198

Harat Zuwayla. Church o f the Virgin: 482

al-Hifni, mosque: (4511, pp. 76

Harim Palace: 612. See also: 556, U51E US11

Hilmiya: pp. 58

al-Harisi, zawiya: U31

tlarraqa Pavilion. See U91

al-Hittu, mosque. See U6

Holy Order of St. Franc~s,church: U23

al-Harrawi See 'Abd al-Rahman al-Harrawi

Houses (baytl. See also Manzil: Maq'ad; Palacrs, Qa'a

Hasan, house and sabil (Darb al-Masmat): (361)

'Abd a-Hamid Wa'di: 364

Hasan [al-Nas~ral-Hasan, sultan)

'Abdallah [Katkhuda 'Azaban): 452

mosque complex: 133, pp. 3, 6.23, 28, 32,34, 37, 60.

See olso 120, 190 Iusurpatians)

'Ali Effendi Lab~b:497

al-'Ayam (takiyat lraniya): U7

mosque of al-Hakim. restorations: 15

Ahmad 'Abd al-Qudui. (489)

Hasan 'Abd al-Latif, house: (375)

Amna bint Salim: 559. pp. 45

Hasan al-'Adawi

'Atfat al-Zelahi (Bayt Sukkar): U57

hammam: (567). pp. 64.66

Bircher House: (5041

tomb. See 24

Faramangui House: (534)

Hasan Agha Arzingan, sabii: 420. pp. 76

Gamal al-Din al-Dhahabi: 72

Hasan Agha Koklian, sabil-kuttab: 243. See olso (498)

Gawhar Agha: (443)

al-Hasanayn, bab. See 28

Gayer-Anderson. See 321.559

226

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

BY

N A M E

Houses (bayt) contd.

al-Gafia: U72

Houses (bay0 contd.

Shari' Muhammad 'Ali: U63

al-Ghuri [waqf of Sa'id Pasha): 65

Shari' al-airabiya: U48

Hanafi al-Bayda: U43

Shari' ai-Ruqbiya: (469)

al-Haramayn: (400). pp. 64, 66

in Harat Ahmad Pasha Yaken: U64-UE7
In Harat Salm Pasha: U73
al-Fiarrawi: 446
Hasan 'Abd al-Latif: (375)

Zaynab Khafun: pp. 62

al-Hunud. zawiya. See 237
Husam al-Din a-Turuntay, mausoleum: 590. See also (1861
al-Husayn, mosque. See 28
Husayo [amir]: mosque and tomb. 233

Hasan Pasha Rashid: U50

Husayn Katkhuda al-lzmiri, sabil-kuttab. See23

ai-Kashif: (500). pp. 32

al-Khorazatl: U3

Hurayn al-Shu'aybi, sabil-kuttab: 588

Husayniya: pp. 3,6,55

Khusraw Pasha: (514)

al-Kritiiya: 321, pp. 44

Ibn 'Ain al-Gazal. Yusuf, wikala: U15

Mahmud Sudan: [SO11

Mithqal a-Suduni: 77

Ibn 'All, Sahib Safi ai-Din 'Abdallah. madrasa: 178

al-Muftl: pp. 38, 76

Ibn 'Aqab, Yahya, mosque: (485)

Ibn ai-Arab,. 'Ali, mosque: 459

M u n h aldlayli: (368), pp. 68

Ibn a-Bakri, masque: 18

Mustafa GaPar: 471

ibn Bardbak.Taqtabay, mosque: 25

Ibn Barquq, Farag (a-Nasir Farag). zawiya-sabil: 203, pp. 68, 70

al-Qadi: 51 See oiso 616

Qaytbay: 228. (518)

Ibn Ghanam, Shakir, palace. See 9 6

al-Razraz: 235, pp. 35

b n Ghurab, Sa'ad al-Din. khanqah: 312

Sakna Pasha: U125

lbn Hap', aiJayyid 'Ali, sab~l-kuttab, 23

Shaykh Sayim. (4371, pp. 62

(Shaykh al-Qayati): (3681, pp 68

ibn Muzhir, Abu Bakr, mosque: 45

Ibn h l a w u n , al-Nastr Muhammad ~ b nQalawun [sultan]. See

al-S~hayml:339, pp. 76

al-Nasir Muhammad

Sitt Wasia': 445

Ibn Raslan al-Buiqini, 'Umar, mosque: (4811

Sukkar. See U57

al-Tabawi. See 339

Ibn Sha'ban, Ahmad, zawiya: 103

ibn Souwaydan, Muhammad, palace: (336)

'Umar Agha: US9

Ibn Sulayman. Ahmad. ribat: 245

rvaqf of a-'Abbar (ai-Sitt Manwarl: (4391

IbnTrak,'~mar, wikaia: U19

rvaqf o f Banush Bey (5041

ibn Tuiun, Ahmad. See Ahmad ibn Tuiun.

waqf of lbrahim Agha: (457). (595). 613, 619

rvaqf o i al-Hat": (13)

lbrahim Agha, wikaia. See (491)

waqf o f al-Magharba ('Atfat ai-Mawargi): (4881

waqf of Mahmud al-habs~ri:M)5

lbrahim Agha Mustahfiran

hawd: 593
houses: (457). (595).613. 619

waqf of ai-Muila: 541

mosque o f Aqsunqur, restorations. See 123

waqf of Mustafa Sinan: 545

sabil: 238

rvaqf of al-Saftl: (486)

waqf o f Zaynab Khatun: 77, pp 62

tomb. See 123,586

ibrahlm Beyal-Kabir, sabil-kuttab. See331
lbrahim Beyal-Wall, sabil: UlO8

Shar~'ai-Dardir: 14861. I4871

Shar!' Hammam Bashtak: U60

lbrahim al-Fawwar, tomb: U115

Shari' Khan Abu Tak~ya:U20

ibrahim &Giza, tomb: U52

Shari' al-Mahgar: U56

ibrahim Katkhuda Mustahfizan, sabii-kuttab: 331

Ibrph~mKhallfa Gulndian, tomb: 586

Katkhuda 'kaban, house. See452

ibdhim Khuluss,, sabil: 226

a-Khala [a-Qarafa). bab: (551). pp. 62. Sre also 614

lbrahlm Shurbayi MustahRzan, sabil, 363

Khalawati (SuR order)

llgay al-Yusufi, mosque-madrasa: 131

mosques: 377, (4141, (5521, U29

Iirnas. SeeSayf al-Din Ulmas

takiya: 332

al-Imam, b u r g U51W

w~kaia:U79
al-Khalifa. hammam: U117, pp. 37

Imbaba: pp. 14
lnal (al-Azhraf inal, sultan)

Khallg al-Masri IShari' Bur Sa'id): pp. 3, 6, 8, 10, 13, 16, 27, 32,
35, 43,55, 66.58, 64, 76. See also 141, 181, 182, 184, 196,

hammam: 562
ribat. See 61

(317). (414) 14511, U36

Khalig al-Nasiri: pp. 6, 55

w~kala.See (4221
n a al-Yusufi llnai ai-Atabaki), mosque: 118, pp. 3 7

Khaiil (amir), sabll: 376

lnstitut Francais d'Archeologie Orientale du Caire [IFAO),

Khal~l(al-Ashraf Khalll, sultan)

al-Ashraflya [qa'a): US8

consewation projects 446. See also 77, 96.445

Burg a-Rafraf U89

al-lqbal, bab. See 7

Iraniya, 'takiyat lraniya': U7

mausoleum. See 43
Khaiil Effendi al-Muqatl'gui, sabil-kutiab: 71

Islamic Museum: U46. pp. 43. See also 15

Khalil lbrahm Shurbagi, tomb U2

Isma'll (khedive)

Khan. See also Funduq; Wikala

Bab al-Alam, restorations. See U86

Bab al-'drab, restorations. See 555

al-Fsqiya: (4841

house o f Sakna Pasha: U125

al-Hayar. See 1434)

al-Khalili: pp. 37. See 53. 56

Isma'iliya: pp 19
mosque o f al-Husayn, restorations. See28
mosque o f Ragab Agha, restoratlons. See U47

al-Khaysh. See 591

al-Nahhas. See 54

a-Musafirkhana. See 20

Sa'id (450)
al-Larakisha: 351. pp. 64.66

Taz Palace. restoratlons. See 267

Khanqah. See oha Zawiya

isma'll Abu Taklya, wikalas: 179, 597

Isma'l ibn Ahmad (al-Maghlaw

1 al-Manawi),

sabii: 57, pp 64, 66

'Abdallah al-Baz. See US8

Isma'll Pasha [son of Muhvmnlad 'All), sabii: 402

Barquq: 187

Isma'il aldha'ranl, mosque: U12

Bashtak. See U68

lwan al-Kabir See U88

Baybars al-Gashankir 32. pp. 37. See also 16

izz a-Din lbrahlm, hammam: U35

al-Bunduqdarl. See 146

Farag Ibn Barquq in cemetew: pp 34

al-Kabir See lbrahlm Bey al-Kabir

in complex o f Nizam al-Din: 140

al-Kablr, lwan. See U88

In complex o f Sultan Hasan: 133

al-Kablra, wlkaa al-Muia al-Kabira: U5

Qawsun: 290.291

Kafural-Zlmam, mosque. 107

Sa'ad al-Din ibn Ghurab:312

Kalamtay ai-Gamai, mosque: U114

Saiah al-Din. See480

al-Kamll (al-Mallk al-Kamll, sultan)

Shaykhu: 152

fortifications: U51 poss,m

madrasat al-Kamiiya. 428

Tarabay al-Sharifi. See 255

al-Kharbutli. See Ahmad Katkhuda al-Kharbuti: Sulayman Bcy
al-Kharbutl~

Karaite synagogue: U22

Kanm al-Oln Burdayni, mosque: 201

al-Kharbutll, wikala. (367)

al-Kashif, house. (500), pp. 32

al-Khatlb: wikala. See 597

228

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

BY

NAME

Khawand Baraka, madrasa: 125

Khawand Zaynab, ribat: 61
Khayrbvk (amir), mosque: 2411, pp. 34
al-Khaysh, khan. See 591

Madrasa contd,
Hasan [sultan): 133; pp. 3, 6, 23, 28, 32, 34, 37, GO.
Seeaiso 120. 190 Iusurpationd
ai-IKamiliya: 428

al-Khorazati, house: U3. See 339

al-Nasir Muhammad: 44

al-Khudayrl, mosque: (552)

aarasunqur: 31

Khushyar (mother of Khed~veIsma'il). See U103

Khusraw Pasha

auilubugha al-Dhahabi: 242

al-Sahibiya: 118

house- (5141

Salih Negm al-Din Ayyub: 38, pp. 64

sabil-kuttab: 52

Sha'ban. See 257

al-Kthiya, wikala. See398

Sidi Shahin: U98

al-Kirdanl. sabil-kuttab: 179

Taybars (amir]. See97

al-Klrkilyan, burg: U51P

Umm al-Sultan Sha'ban (Khawand Baraka): 125

Kitchens. See 351, U84. U109

al-Maghrabi ~ A I al-Maghrabi],
I
zawiya: U41

al-Koml. qubba: 256

al-Maghrabi. wikala. See397

Kosa Lnan, sabtl: 507

al-Mahgar. SeeU71

al-Krltliya, house and sabil: 321, pp. 44. See olso 559

Mahmud I (Ottoman sultan). tak~yaand sabll-kuttab: 308, pp. 35

al-Kubra. wikala. See 179

a-Mahmudiya, mosque: 135

Kulsun. sabil. 311. See olso U79

Mahmud al-Kurdi, mosque-madrasa: 117

Kur 'Abdallah, sabil, hawd, and manzii: (4211

Mahmud a l - M a q , mosque (a-Mahmudlya): 135

al-Kurdi. SeeMahmud al-Kurd1

Mahmud Muharram

Kushqadam, hammam: U113

masque: 30

Kushqadam al-Ahmadi, mosque: 153

palace (al-Musafirkhana): 20
Mahmud Sudan, house: (5011

Labib. See'All Effendi Labib

Malmondes (Moses Maimonides), synagogue: U21

Lagin [al-Mansur Lagini, mihrab, fountain, and minaret, in

al-Malatyali. hammam 592. See nlso (490)

mosque of lbn Tulun. See 220

Lagin al-Sa'fi. masque. See 217

Mallka Safiya, mosque. 200. See oiso 330

al-Lawand, wikala: (403)

Mamay al-Sa'lii, maq'ad: 51 Seealso 515

Madrasa. Sce oiso Mosque

a-Manawi

al-Malik. See Almalik al-Gukandar

al-Ma'mun al-Bata'lhi. mosque of al-Aqrnar:33, pp. 52

Aqbugha (amir]. See97
al-Ayni: 102

house (334)
sabil and wlkala: 1496)

Badr al-Din al-'Agami. See (391

Mangak aldilahdar See Mangak a-Yusufi

Barquq: 187

Mangak al-Yusufi

Bashir Agha al-Gumdar: 269

Bayban: 37. pp.28
Cruciform: 18, 24, 35, 38. 44. 45, 49, 59. 60. 107, 114. 125,
131, 175,187. 189, 206,211,218
Gawhar. See 97

mosque: 138. See olso 327

palace. See 247
Mansur Palace: U134
al-Mansur Oaawun. See Qalawun
M a m ~ lSee
. olso Houses: Maq'ad: Palaces: Oa'a

al-Ghamri: (465), pp. 37

'Abd al-Gawad al-Ansari. See (437)

al-Ghanamiya. 96. pp. 62

Kur 'Abdalah. See (421)

al-Gukandar: 24

a-Margush (al-Malatyaii): (490). 592

al5adat ai-Wafa'iya: 463

.
INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

. BY

NAME

229

Mevleviya, takya: U105

Manzil contd.
'Uthman 'Arnara b y n a b Umm Ahmad): (470)

al-Mihmandar. See Ahmad al-Mihmandar

n waqf al-Haramayn: (4001, pp. 64, 66

al-Mihmandarlya
mosque. See 42

in waqf o f Bashir Ayha: (495)

wikala: U24

in waqf of lbrahim Effendi Shenan: (435)

Minarets (separately registered or listed)

Zaynab Umm Ahmad ('Uthman 'Amaral: (470)

Abu'l Ghadanfar: 3

Maq'ad. See 01% Houses, Manzil; Palaces: Qa'a

Bayt aldazia: U72

'Ali al-Amn: 426

Bayt ai-Qadl: 51

al-Baqli: 156

Bayt al-Razzaz: 235

Bashtak: 205
Gaqmaq: (31 7). See o l m U82

Faramangui House: (5341

al-Ghuri: 66 See also65
in house of al-Kritliya: 321

al-Ghanamiya: U26

in house o f Khusraw Pasha: (514)

al-Hunud: 237

in house of al-Manawi: (334)

al-Husayn: 28

al-Ghuri: 159

in house of Qaytbay: 228

Mughalbay Taz: 207

In house in the waqf of al-'Abbar: (439)

Muhammad ai-Burdayni: U l l l

in house in the waqf o f al-Mulia: 541

Oanibay al-Sharkas: 154

i n house i n the waqf o f Mahmud aldhabiiri: 609

Qawsun: 280, pp. 3 7

Mamay al-h'ifi (Bayt al-Qadil: 51

al-Suitanlya: 288

Ottoman: U32, U45

Mint: 606

in palace of the amir Tar: 267

Miss~onde Sauveyarde des Monuments du Catre Islamique. See

lnstitut Franqais d'ArchCologie Orientale du Catre

In palace o f Muhammad ibn Souwaydan: (3361

Mithqal (al-Amir M~thqal),mosque: 45

in paiace o f Radwan Bey: 208

of Qaytbay: (440). See also 228

Mithqal al-Sudunl, house: 77

Shari' al-Ganibakiya: U49

al-Mitwaili, bab See 199

al-Modani (Safi al-Din Gawhar. Gawhar al-Nasiril, tomb of. See 270

al-Mar'a (Fatima Shaqra), mosque: 195

al-Marghani

Moses Maimonides, synagogue: U21

Mosques and masque complexes. See olso Khanqah, Madrasa,

takiya. Sec327, U55

Minarets, Zawiya, and under founders' names

tomb: U55
al-Margush, man211and hamrnarn: (490)

'Abbas il Htlml: U135

al-Maridani. See Altunbugha al-Maridani

'Abd ai-Basit: 60

Maristan. See Elmaristan

'Abd al-Ghani ai-Fakhri: 184

Mashhad. See 0150 Qubba; Tombs and mausolea

'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda. See U116

of al-Husayn. See 28

Abu Bakr ibn Muzhr: 49

of Sawid Mu'ad [S~diMa'azl. See 3

Abu'l Ghadanfar. See 3

al-'Agami. See (391

Marzuq ai-Ahrnadl, mosque: 29

Matariya: pp. 6,7,23
Balsam Gardens: pp. 2

Ahmad al-Mihmandar: 115

Chapel o f the Virgin: pp 2.25

Ahrnad Bey Kohya: 521

Ahmad al-Dardir: U29

obelisk: pp. 7.25, 26, 28

Ahmad ibn Tulun: 220. See also pp. 6,32,34,44,45,55

Mausolea. See Mashhad; Qubba; Tombs and mausolea

Ahrnad Katkhuda ai-'Arab: 145

blessih Pasha, mosque: 160

Ahmad Katkhuda al-Kharbetii: 109

Mevlevi order, cerernonlal structures See263. U105

'Ali ibn a-Arabl: 459

230

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

BY

NAME

Mosques and mosque complexes contd.

Mosques and mosque complexes contd.

'Ali al-Mutahhar (shaykh]: 40

ai-Gawhari: 462

'Ali al-Tariabi: U70

al-Ghamri: (4651, pp 37

Almalik al-Gukandar: 24

al-Ghanam~ya:96, pp 62. See also U26

Alti Barmaq: 126

al-Ghurayib: 448, p p 62. See also (551)

Altunbugha al-Maridan~:120

al-Ghuri: 148. 159. 189

al-Amir Mithqal: 45
Anbar al-Nui: U131

al-Gukandar (Amvlik al-Gukandar): 24

al-Hagg Abu Ghalya: (1371, pp. 43

al-Aqmar: 33. pp. 52

al-Hakim: 15, pp. 32, 34, 72

Aqsunqur [Blue Mosque): 123. pp. 34, 61

Hasan (Sultan al-Naslr): 133, pp.3, 6.23.28.32.34.37,

Aqsunqur al-Fariqani a-Habashli' 193

A r ~ Pasha:
f
U40

Hasan Pasha Tahir See 210

Asanbugha: 185

Hasan aldha'rawi Katkhuda. See428

Asiam aldilahdar. 112

al-Hifni: (4511, pp. 76

Aydumur al-Bahlavran: 22

al-Hittu: U6

'Ayesha al-Sutuhiya: (558). pp. 72 See oho 352

al-Husayn. See 28, p p 61. 66

a-Ayn~,mosque: 102

Huwyn (amir). 233

Aytmish al-Bagasi: 250

ibn al-Bakri: 18

Azbak al-Yusufi: 211

ibn Tuiun (Ahmad ibn Tulun): 220, pp. 6.32.34.44.45.

lgay a-Yusufi: 131

al-Azhar: 97, pp. 6, 34, 36, 46, 61, 66

Badr al-Din al-'Agaml: (39)

lnal al-Atabaki (al-Yusufi) 118, pp 3 7

al-Bakrr (ibn al-Bakri): 18

Isma'il al-Sha'rani: U12

'al-Banat' ('Abd al-Ghani al-Fakhri): 181

Kafur ai-Zimam: 107

Bardbak (Taqtabay ibn Bardbak): 25

Kalamtay al-Gamali U114

Barquq: 187

al-Kamiliya (al-Mallk al-Kami): 428

Barsbay. 175

Karim a-Din Burdayni: 201

Bashir Agha ai-Gumdar: 269

Khawand Baraka: 125

Bashtak: 34. 205. U69

Khayrbak: 248. pp. 34

Baybars. ul-Zahir, sultan: 37. See olso pp. 28,32

al-Khudayri: (552)

al-Bazdar. See 27
'Blue Mosque' [mosque of Aqsunqur): 123

al-Kurd!. See (417)

Kushqadam al-Ahmadi: 153

ai-kulqmi CUmar ibn Rasiao al-Bulqini): [4B1)

Layin al-Sa'ifi. See 217

al-Burdayni: 201

Mahmud al-Kurdi: 117

al-Fakahani:109

Mahmud Muharram: 30

Fatima Shaqra (ai-Mar'a): 195

al-Mahmudiya: 135

al-Fiyl. See 34

Mallka SaRya. 200. See also 330

Mangak al-Yusufi: 138. See ofso327

Gamal a-Din al-Ustadar: 35

60.

See oiso 120. 190 [usurpations)

55

al-Gamali Yusuf: 178

al-Mar'a (Fatima Shaqra): 195

Ganem al-Bahlawan: 129

al-Maridani [Allunbugha al-Marldani): 120. See olso 123

Ganem al-Sharkasi al-Tagir: (464)

Ganibak. 119

Marzuq aldhmadi: 29
Messih Pasha: 160

Gaqmaq. 180. See olso 217. (3171, U82

Mihmandar: 115

Gawhar (eunuch]. See 97

al-Mihmandar~ya,See42

Gawhar al-Lala: 134

Mithqal [al-Amir Mithqal): 45

INDEX

OF

B U I L D I N ~ ' S ~ ' B Y ' N A M E 231

Mosques and mosque complexes conM.

Mosques and mosque complexes contd.

al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh: 190, pp 34.37.46.52. See also 199

Sal~hNegm al-Din Ayyub: 38. See oiso 28

Mughalbvy Taz. See 207

Mughaltay aiLGamait: 26

alJal~hTala'i': 116, pp. 68

Sangar al-Gawli: 221
Sarghatmish: 218, pp. 44

Muhammad al-'Abbasi: (39)

Muhammad Abu'l Fadi: (186)

Sayf al-Din Ulmas: 130

Muhammad 'Ali (ruler]: 503

Muhammad 'Ali Pasha (govcrnor).377

Sawida 'Ayesha: (3781, pp. 4 6

Muhammad Bcy Abu'l Dhahab: 98. See olso 62

Sayyida Sukayna: U116, pp.46

Sha'ban (al-Ashraf Sha'ban, sultan). See 257

Muhammad al-Euktumri: U123

Shagarat aidurr: U118, pp. 45

Muhammad al-Burdayni. SeeU111

Shams al-Dm al-Ramii: U9

Muhammad ai-Ghurayib lshaykhl: 448, pp. 62

Muhammad Katkhuda Mustahfiran: 193

Shams ai-Din Shakir. See 18

Sharaf ai-Din (qadi): 176

Muhammad Kishr. U128

al-Sha'nnl (shaykh): 59

Muhammad Sa'id Gaqmaq: 180

Shaykhu (amir): 147

Muhib ai-Din Abu'l Tayylb: 48

al-Shuhada: U6
Sidi Ahmad al-Rifa'i: U103, pp. 46, 61

Muqbli a-Dawudi: 177

Murad Pasha: 181
Muski, Shari' al-Muski (ai-Sikkat al-Ged~da):pp 61
Mustafa Bey Tabtabay: 272

Sid~Shahin: U98
aldiahdar: 382, pp. 84

Mustafa Fadil Pasha: U69

Sudun Min Zada: 127. See olso Us2

al-Nasir a i d i o Muhammad. See (39)

al-Suhkar!: (1371, pp. 43. See oho 257

ai-Nas~rMuhammad ibn Oalawun (suitan). See4.1,

Sulayman Agha ai-Silahdar: 382, pp 84

Sulayman Pasha: 142.5ee olsoU51W

143, U51M. U84

Nizam ai-Din: 140

Slnan: pp. 31.32

al-Sultanlya. See 288

al-Oadi Yahya Zayn ai-Din: 204

Taghribardi Ial-Mlhrnandanya): 42

Qagmas al-lshaqi: 114

Taghr~bardia-Buklurnushl (amir): 209

Qalawun (al-Mansur Oalawun al-Alfi): 43, pp. 28, 34, 36

Taqtabay ibn Bardbak: 25

Tatar ai-Hega21ya: 36

Oanibay aldharkasi. See 154

Oaoibay al-Muhammadi: 151

Taybars (am~r).Sce 97
'Umar ibn Raslan al-Bulqmi: (481)

Clan~bayal-Sayf (Amir Akhur]: 136

Oansuh al-Ghurl: 148. 159. 189

Umm al-Ghulam. See25

Oaramldan: pp. 30.38

Umm ai-Sultan Sha'ban (Khawand Esraka): 125

Oaraq~gaai-Hasan): 206

'Uthman Agha: 200

Oawsun (amir): 202, pp. 46, 60. See aiso 224. 290, U62

Yahva ibn 'Aqab: (485)

Qaytbay [al-Ashraf Qaytbay, sultan): 223

Qutiubugha al-Dhahabi: 242

Yahya Zayn ai-Din [qadi]: 182. pp. 76

Ragab Agha: U47

Yuiuf a-Kurdi. See213

Yusuf Agha al-Hin: 196, pp 43

Ramadan (ihaykh): 436

al-Rlfa'l (Sidi Ahmad al-Rifa'i]: U103, pp. 46, 61

ai-Zafir (khai~fl.See 109

Mousi, tomb of, 5ee 139

al-Sahibiya, madrasa: 178

Sa'id Pasha (son af Muhammad 'Aii). See 503

al-Mu'awad Shaykh

Sa'id al-Su'ada. mosque: 480. See olso U4

bimaristan: 257. pp. 43. See olsa (1371, 326

hammam: 410

Salar and Sangar: 221

mosque: 190, pp. 34.37.46.52 See elm 199

232

INDEX

OF

B U I L D I N G S BY

N A M E

al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh contd.

rvaqf properties. See 19
zawiya-jabil. See 145. See olso 326
ai-Muballat, burg: U51T
al-Mudarrag. bab. 556. See olso605
Mughabay Tar, mosque. See207
Mughaltay al-Gamall. mosque: 26

Muhammad Katkhuda Mustahfiran conM.

sabll-kuttab: 150. See also 230
Muhammad Ktshr, mosque: Ul28
Muhammad al-Mahruql, house 459
Muhammad Mustafa al-Muhas~bgi,sabll-kuitab: 329
Muhammad Sal'd Gaqmaq. SeeGaqmaq
Muhammad al-Salabvi. See (487)

Muhammad (amlr], sabil-kuttab: 14

al-Muhammadayn, wjkalat: 679. See also 179

Muhammad al-'Ahbast. madrasa. See (39)

M u h ~ bai-Din Abu'l Tayy~b,mosque: 48

Muhammad Abu'l Fadl, mosque: (1861

M u h ~ bal-Din al-Muwaqqi, qa'a: 50

Muhammad Agha, tomb of: Us9

M u h s ~ nRamadan, wikala: 499

Muhammad 'Ali (ruler)

Mu'izz. Shari': 34, 175. U129, pp. 19

Archives (Oar al-Mahfuzhat): 605

al-Mulla al-Kabira, wikala: U5

Arsenal: U92

Munib al-Alayli. house (368). pp. 68

Bab al-Alam: U86

al-Muqati'gui (Khalil Evendl al-Muqati'gui), sabil-kutiab- 71

Bab al-Gedid: U85

al-Muqattam, burg: U51M. See olsa U51K

Barracks: U54

Muqattam Hlls. pp. 3, 6, 8, 10.27.52

Citadel walls: U81. See ulso Us1 pasrlm

Muqbil al-Dawudl, mosque: 177

D~wano f schools: U83

al-Muqusar, burg: U51U

Gawhara Palace: 505

Murad Pasha, mosque: 181

tlarim Palace: 612. See olso U51F

M i n t 606

al-Musafirkhana, palace: 20
Murshid (shaykhl, zawiya and sabil-kuitab: (374)

mosque: 503

Musee de i'art arabe (Islamic Museum): U46, pp. 43 See olso 15

palaces (unnamed): U100, U109. See obo U133

Museums

sabils: 401. 402

Coptlc Museum: pp. 52

tower, in C~tadelenclosure: U51G

Gayer-Anderson Museum. Sec 321,559

Muhammad 'Ali Pasha (governor), mosque: 377

Muhammad al-Anwar, tomb: 68
al-Muhammadayn, wikaiat: (5971. See olso (500)
Muhammad Bey Abu'l Dhahab

lsiamic Museum ( M u s k de Part arabe): U46, pp. 43.

See oho 15
'Museum of Stolen Thlngs: See U54
Mustafa Kam~l.SeeU104

hawd and sabil: 62

National Military Museum. See 612

mosque: 98

Polhce Museum. See U86

taklya. See 98, U27

Royal Carrlage Museum. SeeU54

wikala. See 351

Muhammad al-Buktumri, mosque: U123

Mustafa Bey Tabtabay, wikala and sabil. 272

Muhammad al-Burday",, mosque. See U l l l

Mustafa Fadll Pasha, mosque: U69

Mustafa (amir), named. In Bayt al-Gazia: U72

Muhammad Durgham, zavriya: 241

Mustafa Gafar, house: 471. See olsa 339, U3

Muhammad a-Ghurayib. mosque and sabil: 448, pp. 62

Muhammad b n Souwaydan, palace: (336)

Mustafa Kamil, tomb: U104

Muhammad al-Ka'aki, tomb: U80

Mustafa Pasha (governor), zawiya: 165

Mustafa Musali Shurbagl, sabil: 232

Muhammad Katkhuda, sabi-kuttab: 17

Mustafa Shurbagi Mustahfiran, sabil-kuttab: 553

Muhammad Katkhuda al-Dawudli. sabll-kuttab (427)

blustala Sioan

Muhammad Katkhuda Evlustahiizan

mosque: 193

house: 545
sabil: 246

INDEX OF

BUILDINGS

B Y

NAME

233

Palaces contd.

Musiafa Sinan contd.

wikala: U74

al-Ghur~. See 66. 322. See also 64.65, 189

al-Muzaffar, 'Alam al-Din Sangar, qubba: 261

Harim Palace: 612

Mangak al-Sllahdar See 247
Muhammad 'Ai: 505,612. U100. See olso U109

Nafisa al-Bayda
hammam. See 596

Muhammad 'Ali-per~od,in C~tadei:U133

sabi. 358

Muhammad ibn Souwaydan: (336)

wlkaia: 395

al-Musafirkhana: 20. See olso 30

al-Nahhasin, hammam: U16

al-Nasr Muhammad [Ablaq Palace): 549. See olso503. U95

aawsun (amir) See266

ai-Nahhas. Khan. See54

al-Naqadi, sabll and wikala' 397

Radwan Bey: 208, pp. 68,70

ai-Nasharrn. wikala: (422)

al-Razzaz: 235, pp. 35

al-Nas~ral-Din Muhammad, mosque-madrasa. See (39)

Sa'ld ai-Su'ada: See 480

al-Nasir Muhammad ibn Qaiawun (sultan)

Shakir ibn Ghanam. See 96

Burg a-Rafraf, modificat~ons:U89

Shari' ibrahlm Bey U136

cistern 569. See also U97

Tashtamur al-'Ala'i. See 153

inscription, at Bab ai-Mudarrag. See 556

Taz (am~r):267

[wan al-Kabir. See U88

Yashbak min Mahdi: 266. See olso U105

madrasa: 44

Police Museum: U86

mosque. See44, 143, USIM. U84

Pyramids: p p 3,23,26

palace: 549
Qaramidan: 617

Oa'a. Seeolso Houses; Manril; Maq'ad; Palaces

sabll: 561

al-Ashrafiya: U88

sahr~g:569

in Bashtak Palace: 34

tomb. See 43

Baybars. See 50

tower. See 369

walls: U81, U127

i n Bayt ai-Gazia: U72

in Bayt al-Harrawi: 446

al-Narc bab: 7, pp. 27.30,32, 34, 35, 37, 56 72.

In Bayt al-Razzaz 235

See olso 307& 352,

al-Dardr: 466

National Milltary Museum: 612

in house o f al-'Abbar: (439)

Negm al-Din Ayyub [sultan) SeeSaiih Negm ai-Dtn A v u b

in house of'Abd al-Wahld al-Fasi: 355

Nllometer: pp. 6,7, 23, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32,3537

in house of Amna bint Salim: 559

Niram al-Din, khanqah: 140

in house of Gamal al-Din al-Dhahabi: 72

Nur al-Din (qadi]: restoration of zawiyat Guaq. See 173

in house of Hanan al-Bayda: U43

In house of al-Kritliya: 321

Old Carro: pp 3, 10, 14, 19

in house 01 Khusraw Pasha. I5141

Onsi. tomb of. See 139

In house of Mustafa GaPar: 471

Palaces. See oiso Houses; Maq'ad; Qa'a

i n house o f Qaytbay: 228

in house o f ai-Sha'rani: 63

Ablaq Palace: 549. See olso 503, U95

in house o f S i n Wasia': 446

Alnaq al-Nasiri [Alin Aq). 249

in house o f lbrahim Agha: 619

Barhtak: 34

In house of Mahmud al-Shabsirl: 609

Eastern Palace (Fatimid. In Bayn al-Qasrayn). See 34, 38. (47)

in house af Zaynab Khatun. 77

Gawhara Palace: 505

in rnadrasat al-Ghanamiya. 96. pp. 62

234

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

B Y

NAME

Qa'a contd.

Qasaba: pp. 6.56, 70

in manzil al-Haramayn: 1400)

Qasr See Houses: Palaces

In manril al-Sadat ai-Waia'iya: 463

Qawsun (amir)

in manzil of 'Uthman 'Amara and Zaynab Umm Ahmad: (470)

khanqah: 290

rn mosque of ai-Ayn~:102
~n mosque of Aytmish ai-Bagasi: 250

mausoleum: 291

in mosque of Azbak aldusufi. See211

palace. See 266

mosques: 202, pp. 46.60. See olso 224. 290, U62

in mosque of Kushqadam al-Ahmadi: 153

wlkala: 11, pp. 76

in mosque of Qadi Sharaf al-Din: 176

al-Qayatl (shaykh). house. (368). pp. 68

~n mosque 01 Ahrnad Bey Kohya: 521

Qaytbay (al-Ashraf Qaytbay, sultan)

in palace o f Ainaq: 249

bab: 278

In palace o f Muhammad ~ b Souwaydan:

n
(336)

funeraly complex in cemetery: pp.34.37

In

palace o f Radwan Bey. See 208

hawd: 74.222

In paiace o f Taz: 267

houses: 220, (5181

Muhibb al-Din al-Muwaqql ('Uthman Katkhuda): 50

maq'ad: (440)

In sabii and tomb o f 'Umar Agha: 240

mosque: 223

of Shaykhu. See 152,323

Qadi 'Askar, bab: (47)

raw: (518)

Qadi al-Fadil, hammam See596

restoration o f mosque of al-Arhar. See 97

restoratlon o f Bab a-Mudarraq. See 556

al-Qadir See 'Abd ai-Qadir al-Damw

sabils. and sabil-kuttabs: 76. 324, U119

Qad.iriya order. See 237

wikalas: 9, 75, U77, pp. 35

al-Qadi Yahya Zayn al-Din

mosque and nbat. 204
Qagmas al-lshaqi, mosque: 114
al-Qahira: pp. 3,7, 55
Qaat al-Kabsh: pp. 37
Qalawun [al-Mansur Qalawun al-Alii)

al-Qtmari, qubba: 128

al-Qirab~ya, hammam U42
01tas Bey, sabil-kutbb: 16
al-Qizlar, sabil-kuttab and rab': 265
Quarw: U71
Qubba

hammam. See U16

'Abdaliah (shaykh): 413

mosque complex: 43. pp. 28.34.36

Awlad al-Asyad: 215

Qanlbay al-Muhammadl, mosque: I 5 1

of Barsbay. See 198

Qanibayal-SayS (Am~rAkhurl, mosque complex, 136

al-Biraqdai. U94

Oan~bayal-Sharkasi, minaret. 154

al-Komi: 256

Qansuh Abu Sa'ld, mausaieum: 360

Qansuh al-Ghurl. Seea-Ghuri

al-Muzaffar 'Aam a-Din Sangar: 261

al-Qlmari: 128

aldantara, bab: U8. See oiso 352

Su'ud (shaykh): 510

Qarachoii House See (440)

21-Qaraia. Bab al-Oarafa: 278. See olso (551) (Bab ai-Khaa
al-Qarafa) and pp 62;USlS
ai-Qarafi ('Abd a-Latif a-Qarafil, mosque: 46

al-Qulla, bab: U51L

Qurqumas. mausoieum: 1170). pp. 37, 72. Seeaiso 15
al-Qutn, wikala. See9. 54
Qutubuqha ai-Dhahabi. madrasa: 242

Qaramidan. See 617, pp. 30.38

Qara Muhammad 'Ali, mosque: 377
Qaraqoga al-Hasanl, mosque: 206

Rab'
Aytmlsh al-Bagasi See250, 251

Qarasunqur, mausoleum: 31

a-Balfiya [Belifial: [4981. See oiso 243

al-Oarratin, bab. See 3076

of Barsbay See 198

INDEX OF

B U I L D I N G S 'BY

NAME

235

Raw motd
Daib al-Dalil: U50

Sa'ad al-Din ibn Ghurab. khanqah: 312

Sa'ad al-Din lbrahim al-Arab,, zawiya. See 312

Hasan Agha Kokllan: 243

Sa'ad Zaghloul, tomb, pp. 52

In house. Sharl' a-Khiyamiya- 407

'Saba Salatin: See U71

in house. waqf of lbrahim Agha. 613

Sabat In the waqf of al-Fakahani: (3661

manzll, waqf of lbrahlm Effend~Shenan: (4351

In mosque complex o f Ahmad al-Mihmandar. See 115

Sabils, sabil-kuttabs. See also ClRerns. Hawd. Waterworks, Wells

in mosque o f Aytmish ai-Bagasi. See 250

'Abbas Agha: 335

'Abd al-Baqi Khayr al-Din: 194

of Qaytbay: (518)

'Ali Agha Dar ai-Sa'ada: 268

'All Bey al-Dumlai~: 197

a-Qlzlar: 265

'Abd al-Rahman Katkhuda: 21 and pp 44.40, 196,260,

In mosque of Ulmas. See 130

436;(5581 and pp. 72

and sabil o f lbrahim Agha Mustahfizan: 238

and sabil, in waqf o f tlebaysh: 198

Abu'l iqbal 'Arifin Bey: 73

o f Shaykh Murshld: (374)

Ahrnad 'Abd al-(ludus: (489)

In Suq al-Silah: U75. U76

al-Tabbana. U61

Ahmad Pasha: U13

Ahmad Effcndl Saiimr 461

o f Tughugh: (287)

Amir Khall: 376

in w~kalaof al-'Ajal: U17

Amir Muhammad: 14
'Aqash: 236

Radwan Bey

'Atfat al-Zababqi (al-Ghamrl): (4911

houses: 407. pp. 68

palace: 208, p p 68, 70

'Ayrsha ai-Sutuhlya: 15061, pp. 62

qasaba: 406-(4091, pp. 6.56.70

Aytmish al-Bagasi, mosque-sabll: 250

zawiya: 365, pp 70

Baktimur al-Mu'mini. See 148

al-Bal~fiyya (al-Bal~ghya): (498)

Radwan Katkhuda al-Galii, Citadel walls. See 555

al-Raf-raf, burg: U89. See olso 549, U91

Bambah Qadin: U107

Ragab Agha, mosque: U47

Bashir Agha Dar Sa'ada: 309

Ragab al-Shirazi, mausoleum: 476

al-Bardar: 27, pp. 64, 66

Ramadan (shaykh!, mosque: 436

Ramban Yeshiva (synagogue o f Mairnondes): U21

bow-fronted: 308, 331, 337, 358. 420, 588, U36

al-Ramla, burg: US18

al-Ghamn: (491)

al-Rarraz. See Ahrnad Katkhuda al-Razzaz

al-Guwwanya. 5ee 14

Ribat
Ahmad ibn Sulayman: 245

Hasan Agha Arzingan: 420, pp. 76

liasan Katkhuda: 405

Khawand Zaynab: 61

Hasan (sabll Darb a-Masmat): (3611

Farag ibn Barquq 203. pp. 68.70

al-Qadi Yahya Zayn al-Din: 204

Husayn al-Shu'aybi: 588

aZayni: (141). pp. 76

lbrahim Agha Mustahfizan: 238

al-Rifa'l. See Ahmad lbn Sulayman; 'Ali Abu Shibbak

lbrahim Bey al-Kabir: 331, pp.35

al-Rifa'i; 51di Ahmad al-Rlfa'i: Sldl Mohi

lbrahim Bey al-Wali: U108

al-Din al-Rifa'l

lbrahim Katkhuda Mustahfizan 331

Roda Island: pp. 3,6, 14. 2 7

lbrahim Shurbagl Mustahfizan. 363

Royal Carriage Museum. See U54

Isma'il ~ b Ahmad
n
(al-Maghlawi

Ruqayya Dudu, sab~l-kunab:337

Isma'li Pasha. 402

Rumayla: pp. 3237. 60

KhaII Effendl al-Muqatigui: 71

Khusraw Pasha: 52

236

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

BY

NAME

Iai-Manawi):

57, pp 64, 66

Sabiis, sabil-kuttabs cootd.

al-Kirdaoi 179

Sabils, sabii-kuttabs contd.

Udah Basha: 17. 591

Kosa Sinan: 507

'Uifat Dadin: U68

al-Krttliya: 321, pp. 44

'Umar Agha: 240

ai-Maghartellin: U44

'Umar Bey (Ibrah~mKhulussl): 226

Mamluk:67.76,144,148.203.213.250,255,324.557. U119

'Umar Gawish: (4271

al-Manawi: (496)

Umm 'Abbas [Bambuh Qadin). U107

Muhammad 'Ali: 401. 402. See olso below:

Nineteenth-century

Umm Husayn Bey: U36, pp. 76

'Uthman 'Abdallah (Roq'et al-Qamhl: (447). p p 62

Muhammad al-Ghurayib (shaykh): 448, pp. 62

al-Wsfa'iya: 557

Muhammad Katkhuda ai-Dawudli: (4271

Muhammad Katkhuda Mustahfizan: 150

waqf al-Haramayn- 433

Muhammad Mustafv a\-Muhasibyi: 329

Mustafa Musali Shurbagl: 232

waqf Kulsun: 311. See oisoU79

waqf Yusuf Bey: 262
in wikalat al-Gulshaniya: U14

Mustafa Shurbagi Mustahfizan: 553

Mu~LafaSinan: 246

Yusuf al-Kurdl: 213

al-Mu'min!. See 148

Nafisa a-Eayda: 358

ai-Nasir Muhammad ibn [lalawun: 561

waqf Hetaysli: 198

Yusuf Agha Dar al-Sa'ada: 230. See olso 150

Yusuf Bey: 219
Zayn a!-Abrdin: 69

Nineteenth-century: 401, 402,420,433, U13, U36, U68. U107

alJadat al-Wafa'lya. manzil: 463

Dttomn: 14, 16, 17, 21, 23.27, 40, 52.57. 62, 69. 70, 71
150, 179, 194, 197, 198, 219. 226, 230. 232, 236.238,

Safi al-Dln Gawhar, tomb: 270

al-Saga, hammam al-Saga. See U16

240, 243. 246.248, 262,265,258, 291.308, 3W. 311.

a-Sahiblya, madrasa: 178

321, 328.329, 331.335, 337,358, [361), 363, 376.396,

aldahra, burg. U51E. See also U71

397,405, (421). (4271, (429), 436. (447), 448,452,461,

Sahr~gof al-Nasir Muhammad ibn [lalawun: 569

(489) (4911. (496). (498), (5061, 507.553. 588. U14, u44,

Sa'id. Khan Sa'id: (458)

U102, UlOB

Sa'id Pasha Ison of Muhammad 'All], mosque. See 503

Sa'id aldu'ada. mosque: 480. See also U4

Daytbay:76, 324, U119

Qitas Bey: 16
Qizlar: 265
Ruqawa Dudu: 337

al-Sayf, wlkaia: U33

Sayyida Zaynab Childrm's Park: U126

Salim Agha: (4291, pp. 72. See also 7

Sahib Safi ai-Din 'Abdaiah ibn 'All, madrasa. 178

St, Mark, Church o t U132

a - S a w ~ d'Ali lbn Hayz': 23

St. Nichalas. Cathedral of: U34

Shari' al-Magharbeii~n. U44

Sakna Pasha, house: U125

Shahin Agha Ahmad: 328

Salah al-Din

Shaykh Ramadan: 436

Shaykhu: 144

Eab ai-Mudarrag See556

'Bir Yusuf: 305, pp 25,27

Sift Saliha: pp. 76

Bury (unnameii): UslA, U51D. USIF, USIF, U51V

Sulayman Bey al-Kharbutli: 70

Burg al-Alwa: U510

Sulayman Gawish [Bab al-Hadid): 167

Burg a-Haddad: UsiC

of Suitan Mahmud: pp. 35

Burg al-mam: U51W

Taha Hasan al-Wardani: 236

Burg al-Mubailat: U51T

Tambay al-Sharifi: 255

Burg al-Muqusar: U51U

Tusun Pasha: 401

Burg al-Qarafa: Us15

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS

B Y

NAME

237

Sharl' al-Dardir, houses: (4861. (4871. (4931

Salah al-Dn contd.

Shari' al-Ganibakya, maq'ad: U49

Burg a-Ramla: US10

Burg aidahra: U51E

Shari' Hammam Bashtak, house: U60

Wails: 307 passim. See oho 476, U11, US1

Shar!' lbrahim Bey, palace: U136

Salar, mosque and tomb: 221

Shari' Khan Abu Takiya, house entrance: U20

Salth Negm ai-Din Ayyub

Shar~'al-Khiyamiya, house: 4o7

madrasa and mausoleum. 38, pp. 64

Sharl' al-Mahgar, house. U56

mashhad o f Husayn. See 28

Shari' al-Magharbellln, sabii-kuttabs: 214, U44

Shar~'Muhammad 'Ali, house' US3

ai-Salih Taia'~'.mosque: 116, pp. 68

Salim Agha, sab~l:(429). pp. 72. See olso 7

Shari' Mu'lzr, wikala: U129

al-Sanadqiya, wikala: 423

Shar' al-Qirabiya, house: U48

Sandal al-Mangaki. tomb: 327. See olsoU55

Shar~'a-Ruqbiya, houses: (4691

Sangar al-Gamaqdar, tomb. See (417)

al-Shar~ya,bab. See 307C

Sangar al-Gawii, mosque and tomb: 221

Shaykhu (amlr)

Sarghalmish, mosque. 218, pp. 44

hammam: U106

Sayim [shaykh), house: (4371, pp 62

hawd: 323

S a ~ l d a'Ayesha, mosque: (3781, pp. 46

khanqah: 152. See olso 323

al5ayy1d 'Aii ibn Hayz'. sabi-kuttab, 23

mosque: 147

Sawid Mu'ad [Sidi Ma'az), mashhad. See3

sabil: 144

Sayyida Sukayna. mosque: U116, pp. 46

Shehab al-Dtn al Raml~,tomb: U9

SaWld Sariya, tomb. See 142

al-Shishini, wikalat: U1. See also499

Schools. See Madrasa. Sabil-kuttab

al-Shuhada, mosque: U6

Sehm Yavuz (sultan), approprlatloni. See 35. 143

al-Shurafa. tomb: 357

Sha'ban (al-Ashraf Sha'ban, sultan): madrasa See 257. See also

Shurbagi [Khalil lbrahim Shurbagll, tomb: U2

S i d ~Ahmad al-Rifa'i, mosque: U103, pp. 46, 61

Khawand Baraka
Shafi'i, tomb o f imam: pp. 8

S d i a-Arbain, tomb: U122

Shagarat al-Durr

Sidl al-'Arab, tomb. See U93

Sldl Galal al-Assiuti, tomb and zawlya: U l l O

harnmam. SeeU117
mausoleum: 169, pp 45

S i d ~Ma'ar, mashhad. See 3

mausoleum o f Salih Negm al-Din Ayyub: 38

Sldl Mohi al-Din al-Rifa'l, tomb. Sce U98

Sldi Muhammad al-Arghul al-'izzi, tomb. SeeU98

mosque: U118, pp 45

S ~ dMuhammad
i
ai-Sha'rani, rawlya: (502)

Shahin Agha Ahmad, sabil-kuttab: 328

Shakir ibn Ghanam, palace. See96

Sidi Shahln, madrasa: U98

Shams al-Din al-Ramli, mosque: U9

al51haymi. bayt: 339, pp 76. See also U3

Shams al-Din Shakir (Ibn aldakri), mosque. See 18

alLSiisila, bab. See 145, U93

Sharaf al-Din (qadi), mosque: 176

Sinan (shaykh), tomb: 41

ai-Sha'rani

al-Sitt, hammam. See U117

qa'a and maq'ad. 63

al-Sitt Manwar, house. See (439)

mausoleum and complex: 59

Sitt Waslia', house: 445

Sudun Min Zada, mosque. 127

zawlya: (5021

Sudun al-Qasravdl, mausoleum: 105

al-Sharaybi
hammam: U30

al-Sughra, wlkaia. See 179

wikala: 460

Sukayna, hammam. See U117

Sukkar, 'Bayt Sukkar: See U57

Shari' Amir al-Guyuih, wikaias: 148% 1491)

238

INDEX

O F

BUILDINGS

BY

N A M E

al-Sukkari. mosque: (1371, pp. 43 See ~ l s o257

al-Tanbaii. hamrnam: 564. pp.35

Sulayman Agha al-Sllahdar

Taqi al-Din al-Bistaml, takiya: 326

mosque: 382. pp. 04

Taqtabay ibn Bardbak, mosque: 25

sabll-kuttab: 14

Tarabay ai-Sharifi, tomb and sabil-kuttab: 255

wikala. 604. Sce olso U l

ai-Tarrabl. See'Ali a-Tarrab~

Sulayman Bey, al-Kharbuti, sabil-kuttab. 70

Tashtaniur al-'Aia'i. palace. See 153

Sulayman Bey Muhammad, wikala: (399)

Sulayman Gawish, sab~i-kuttab:167

al-Tawfiq, bab. U10. See also 307D, 614

Sulayman Pasha

Tatar al-Hegaziya, mosque-mausoleum: 36

Taybars [amirl. rnadraia. See97
Taz (amir], palace: 267

mosque: 142. See ako U51W

properties: 351, 510

allTinah, wikala. See 16

alJuiaymaniya, takiya: 225

Tombs and mausolea

aiJultaniya

'Abd al-Karim. See U130

mausoleum: 289, pp. 37

Abu'l Ghadanfar: 3

minaret: 288

Abu'l Yusufayn: 234

Sunqur al-Sa'di (amlrl, tomb. See263

Ahmad Pasha Tahir: 565, pp. 76

Suq aldilah Inas. 4 and 23). wikaas: U75, U76

al-Sutuhi. zawiya. See (478)

Ahmad al-Qaiid: 10

Su'ud (shaykh), qubba. 510

'Ali al-Glzi: 1277)

'All Neym: 359

Suzanne Mubarak Centre for lslam~cClvlllzation. Se? 324

Synagogues

'Ali 01-Amr~: 426

Anuk. 44

Ha'lm Capusi: U18

Ardurnur: 113

Karaite: U22

Baybars al-Khalyat: 191

Maimon~des:U21

al-Blraqdar: US1
Faris Aqtai: 370

al-Tabbakh, zawiya: (4311

Fatinia, mother o f Husayn. See 25

al-Tabbana, rab' : UG1

Fatmid (unknown occupant): 479

al-Tablavri, b a y t See 339

Fatma a\-Nabawiya: U31

al-Tabtabay, wikala: (4681

Gamal al-Din. See 339

Taghribard~

al-Ghurl: 57

mosque: 42

Hasan al-'Adawi. See24

wikala: 188

Hasan Sadaqa: 263

Taghribardi al-Buklumush~ (amir], mosque: 209

Husam al-Dln al-Turuntay: 590

Taha Hasan a-Wardani: sabi-kuttab 236

lbrahlm al-Fawwar: U115

Takiya

lbrahim Khalifa Guindlan: 586

Abu'l Dhahab' U27

lbrahim ai-Giza [shaykh): U52

ai-Gulshani: 332

lnal (Sultan): pp. 37

lraniya: U7

isma'ii al-Sha'rani: U12

Mahmud (sultan): 308. pp. 35

Khalil lbrahim Shurbayl. U2

al-Marghanf. See 327, U55

Meviwiya (samakhana): U105. See oiso 263

Khayrbah: 248

al-Sha'rani. See 59

Muhammad al-Anwar: 68

al-Sulaymaniya (Suiayman Pasha). 225

Taqi al-Din al-Bistami. 326

Mustafa Fadil Pasha. See U69

Muhammad Agha: U99

Muhammad ai-Ka'aki: U80

.
INDEX

O F

BUILDINGS

B Y

N A M E

239

Udah Basha contd.

Tombs and mausolea mntd.

wikala: 19, 591, pp. 35.See olso (3711

Mustafa Kamil: U104

zawiya: (371)

ai-Muzaffar, 'Aam a-Din Sangar: 261

Ulfat Qadrn

llansuh Abu Sa'ld: 360

Qarasunqur: 31

sabi: U68

Qawsun: 291

tomb: U69

Qaytbay: p p 34,37

Ulmas (Sayf al-Din Ulmas), mosque: 130

Ququmas. (1701, pp. 37, 72. See olso 15

'Umar Agha

Ragab ul-Shirari: 476

house: U59

Sa'ad Zaghloul: pp. 52

sabil and tomb: 240

SaR a-Din Gawhar: 270

'Umar Bey, sab~l:226

Salih Neym al-Dln Awub: 38. pp. G4

'Umar Gawish, sabil-kuttab: (427)

Sandal al-Mangaki. 327

Sangar al-Gamaqdar (mosque of al-Kurdi): (417)

'Umar ibn Raslan al-Bulqinl, mosque: (481)

'Umar ibn Trak, wikala: U19

Sayyid Sarly: See 142

Umm 'Abbas (Bambah Qadlnl, sabil: U107

Shagaral al-Durr: 169. pp. 4.5. 49

Umm a-Ghulam, mosque. See 25

a-Sha'rani: 59

Umm Husayn Bey (WIR of Muhammad 'All Pasha1

restorations n mosque of 'Abd a-Ghani al-Fakhri: 184

al-Shurafa: 357

sabil: U36, pp 76

Sidi al-Arbatn: U122

Sidi Galal a l d s s ~ u t l U110
:

Umm al-Sultan Sha'ban (Khawand Baraka), madrasa: 125

Sinan (shaykh): 41

Unlted States Agency for International Development (USAID).

See Egyptian Antiquities Project

Sudun al-Qasrawi: 105

a-'Uqbl, wikala: (484)

al-Sultaniya: 289. pp. 37

Sunqur al Sa'di. 263

'Uthman 'Abdailah Roq'et al-Qamh, sabll-kuttab. (447). p. 62

Tarabay al-Sharlfi: 255

'Utay: hawsh Utay: 499

Tatar al-Heganya: 36

'Uthman Agha, mosque: 200

Ulfat Qadln. See U69

'Uthman 'Amara, manrii: 1470)

'Uthman ai-Fathl (shaykh]: Us3

'Uthman Blra. sabil-kuttab. Sce(447)

Yakub Shah al-Mlhmandar: 303

'Uthman a-Fath (shaykh), tomb: Us3

Yunus al-Dawadar. 139

'Uthman Katkhuda, qa'a: 50

Yusuf Agha alLHabash~:229

al-Wada'a, bab. See 144

i n zawiya o f a-Sutuhi: (478)

al-Wafa'iya

Tapkhane (Arsenal): US2

Towers. 5ee Burg

manzil: 463

Tughugh, rab': (2871

sabil: 557
al-Wali. See lbrahim Bey al-Wali

Tulun See Ahmad Ibn Tulun

Tumanbay I, restoration of Bab al-Mudanag. See 556

Walls: 307, 352, U11, U51, UBI, U127. See ofso Bab: Burg

Turbat. SeeTombs and mausolea

Eastern: pp. 3.37

al-Tuifa, burg. U51R

Northern: pp. 3. 64

Tusun Pasha (son of Muhammad 'Ali), sabil: 401

Waqi propertler
al-'Abbar: (439)
'Asal. See (4911

al-Ubbur, w l h l a . Sec U129

Udah Basha
sabil, sabil-kuttab: 17, 591

240

I N D E X .OF

Banush Bey: (5041

Bashlr Agha: (495)

BUILDINGS

BY

NA,ME

Waqf propenles cantd.

Wikala mntd.

Baybarstal-Gashankir. See 16

Ga'far al-Kabir See 433

ai-Fakahani: 13661

al-Ghuri: 64, 54. See oiso 56

al-Haramayn: (4001, 433, (598)

al-Gulshanlya: U14

al-Hatu, house: (13)

ai-Harniawi al-Saghi: (424)

Hebaysh, sabil: 198

al-Haramayn. 433, 598

lbnhim Agha: (4571. 1595). 613. 619

Hasan Katkhuda: U l l 2

lbrahlm Effendi Shenan: (435)

Hasan Katkhuda al-Bagdaii: U124

Kulsun: 311. See olso U79

lbrahim Agha. See (4911

al-Magharba: (488)

al-Kharbutii: (367)

Mahmud al-Shabsiri: 609

al-Klhlya. See 398

a M a t y u l i : (424)

al-Lawand: (4031

al-Mulia: 541

al-Khalawati: U79

Mustafa Sinan: 545

a-Mihmandanya: U24

Qalawun. See 596

al-Muhammadayn (al-Khat~b):597

al-Saftl: 14861

ai-Muila al-Kabfra Raynab Khatun): U5

Sa'ld Pasha: 65

Mustafa Sinan: U74

al-Sha'ranl: 63

Naiisa ai-Bayda: 395

Suiayman Agha al-Siahdar: 14

al-Naqadi: 397

al-~uiungi.548

al-Nasharin (Sultan lnal): 14221

Yuruf Bey: 262

Qawsun: 11, pp. 76

Zaynab Khatun: 77'

Qaytbay (at Bab al-Nasr) 9. (at a-Azhar) 75 and p p 35,

Water~ngtroughs. See Hawd

Waterworks: 133.369, U97. See also Cisterns:
Hawd; Sabil-kuttab; Wells.

(Shar~'a-Surugiyya) U77
al-Qutn. See 9
al-Sanadqiya: 423

al-Waz~r,bab. See 130, 250. 251, 307H

al-Say? U33

Wells: 305 ('Blr Yusuf'), pp, 25, 27;U71, U97

Shari' Amlr a-Guyush: 1489)

Wlkala

Shari' al-Dardir: (4871

'Abbas Agha: 396

Shari' Mu'izz it-Din Allah (ai-Ubbur): U129

Abud al-Mana'ifa: [4531

No. 53. Shar~'Tulun: Ul2O

Abu'l Rus (al-Danushari): (4341

a-Sharaybi: 460

Abu Tabya. See 170

al-Shishini. See U1, 499

'Am ai-Gazal: U15

Suiayman Agha al-Silahdar: 604, U1

al-'Asal: U17
'Atfat al-Zababqi (Ibrahim Agha]: [491)

Suq al-Silah: U75, U76

Bakr Shutbag1 (7): U28

Taghribardi: 168

Barar'a (al-Kihiya): 398

al-Tinah. See 16

al-Tabtabay: (468)

Bedawlya Shah~n:615

al-Ubbur: U129

Darb al-Dalil, no. 8: U50

Udah Basha: 19, 591. pp. 35.See olso (371)

Dhulfiqar [Udah Basha): 19, 591, pp. 35

'Umar ibn Tnk See U19

al-Farrain. See U77

waqf o f al-Haramayn: 433, (598)

al-Firakh: (399)

waqf o f al-Matyali: (424)

a-Gaiaba: 425. pp. 37

utaqf of al-Tutungi: 548

Gamal al-Dcn al-Dhahabi: 411

Yusuf Agha Oar al-Sa'ada: U39

INDEX

OF

BUILDINGS+B'Y

NAME

241

Zawiya contd.
'Ali Negm. See 359

,!

Ahmad ibn Sha'ban: 103

Yahya ibn 'Aqab, mosque: (485)

al-Arbain: (353)

Yahya Zayn al-01n (qadi1

mosque: 182, 204, pp. 76

Faray ibn Barquq: 203. pp. 68, 70

Fatlma Umm Khawand: 58

ribat al-Zayni: (1411, pp. 76.See also 204

Yakan Pasha. See U81
Yakub Shah al-Mihmandar, mausoleum: 303

Fayruz: 192
GaPar al-Sadiq: 554

Yalbugha al-Nasiri, Harraqa Rvilcan. See U91

Gulaq. See 173

Yashbak mln Mahdi

al-Har~si:U31

palace: 266. See olso U105

Hasan al-Rumi: 258

complex in Husayniya: pp. 25

al-Hunud: 237
al-Mu'ayyad Shqkh. See 145

Yunus al-Oawadar, mausoleum: 139

Yusuf, 'Bir Yusuf, 305, pp. 2527. See olso U51M

Muhammad Durqham: 241

Murshld Ishaykhl: 13741
Mustafa Pasha: 155

Yusuf Agha Dar al-Sa'ada

sabil-kututtab: 230.5ee olso 150

Radwan Bey: 365, pp. 70

wikala: U39
Yusuf Agha a-Habashi, tomb: 229

Sa'ad ai-Din lbrahkm al-Arab) See 312

Yusuf Agha sl-Hin, mosque: 196, pp 43

al5utuhi: (478)

Yusuf Bey, sabil: 219

Yusuf ibn id ai-Gazal, wikala: U15

al-Tabbakh: (431)

Udah Basha: 1371)

al-'Uqbi I h a n ai-Fisqlya): (484)
Zaynab Khatun

Yusuf al-Kurdi. sabil:213

wikala. See U5

al-Zafar, bury: 307A. See olso 3078, 307E

house: pp 62. See 77

al-Zafir lkhalifl, mosque. See 109

Zayn aidbidln, sabil-kutbb: 69

al-Zarakisha, khan: 351. p p 64, 66

al-Zawiya, burg: U101. See also U87

Zaynab Umm Rhrnad, mannl: (470)

Zabvtya

al-Zayni. See Yahya Zayn al-Din

Zlyada
n mosque of Ahmad ~ b Tulun.
n
See220. See also 218, 321.

aldbbar: 146
Abdallah al-Baz (shaykhl: U58

559, U119

'Abd ai-Karim: U130

'Abd al-Rahman Kalkhuda: 214, pp. 79
Abu'l Khayr al-Kulaybati: 477

in mosque of al-Hakim. See 15. See olso 477

Zuwayla. bab: 199, pp. 3.2% 28. 34, 37, 64, 68.
See olso 190

'Ali al-Maghrabi: U41

242

INOEX

OF

BUILDINGS

B Y

NAME

Index of Buildings by Date

Dater herein by and large indicate date o f foundation. Anno
Hegirae preceding Anno Domini. Attributions t o 'century'
precede specific dates within that centuw. References are to
catalogue number. Numbers in parentheses indicate delisted or
dcregistered monuments; U-series numbers designate unlistcd
monuments, or monuments registered without a number.

Tulunids hi 254-92
263-65 1876-73

lkhshids

519 i 1125
527 11133
544 1 1149
549 1 1154
549-6341 1154-1236

/ .w868-905)
mosque of Ahmad ibn Tulun: 220

'Abbasid Khalifs (AH 292-323

6th 112th century

1 hD 905-35)

552 11157
555 11160
565-66 (71 / 1170 (?I

Ramban Yesh~va[synagogue of
Maimonldesl: U21
tomb of Sayyld Sariya. See 142
mosque of al-Aqmar: 33
mausoleum: 479
doors o f the mosque o f Khalif
al-Zafir: 1W
mashhad of al-Husayn. See28
gatewayand minaret of the
mosque of aCHusayn: 28
madasa of Abu'l Ghadaofar: 3
mosque of al-Salih Tala',': 116
Tower no. 17: U17

..

(an 232-58 1AD 935-69)

Fatimids [AH 358-567 / m 969-1171)

mosque of sl-Azhar: 97
350-61 1370-72
Eastern Palace. See34, 30, (41)
mashhad of Sayyld Mu'ad (Sidi
Ma'azl. Sec 3
restorations n mosaue
, of Ahmad
ibn Tulun. See220
380-403 1990-1013 mosque of ai-Hakim: 15
a.410 1 1020
tomb of Muhammad al-Anwar See68
411-27 11D21-36
zawiya of Abu'l Khayr
ai-Kulaybati: 477
480 / 1087
Bab al-Barqiya (Bab al-Tawfiql:
U10. Seeolso [551). 614
Bab al-Futuh: 6
Bab al-Nasr I
Bab aldantara: U8
Northern walls ofCairo. 352.
See also U11
Bab Zuwayla: 199
4851 1092
4th 110th centuty
Church o f the Virgin, Harat
Zuwavla: 482
Late 5th I 11th century pabce of Sa'id al-Su'ada. See480
hammsm of Qadi al-Fadil. See596
6th 112th century
qa'at al-Dardir: 466
~

Aylublds (AH 566-6501AD 1171-1252)

566-72 11171-76
Ayyubid walls: 307
Bab al-Barqlya: 614. 5eealso
( 5 5 0 U10
Bab al-Tawtiq: U70
566-72 (?I 11171-76 (7) Bab al-Ghurayrb: (551)
Bab al-Khala (al-Qarafa): (551)
566-89 / 1171-93
walls end defeni~vetowers: 307
572-89 11176-93
BirYusuf Well af 5alah al-Din): 305

before 601 1 1205

603 1 1207

enclosure: US1
hammam ai-Gabali: U35
Burg al-Ahmar: US11
Bura a\-Suffa: U51N

64.1 11243

rnadrasa of ~ a l i hNegm ai-Din

'

Awb: 38
647-48

1 1249

mauroleum o f Saiih Neqm al-Din

Ayyub: 38

Bahri Mamluks (m 648-783 1 .w 1250-1382)

mausoleum o f Shagarat al-Durr: 169
648 1 1250
mausoleum of Aqtay a-Farisi: 370
652 1 1254
tomb of Fatima, mother of Husayn.
Ser 25
hammam al-Dud: U78
ca. 658 1 1259
659-761 1260-77
Babal-Qulla. U51L
rematns of the Burg al-Siba': U87
660 / 1262
madrasa of ai-Zahir Baybars: 3 7
683 11284
complex o f Ualawun: 43
683 11284-85
zawiyat al-'Abbar: 146
689 1 1290
madrasa o f Muhammad Abu'i
Fadl: (1861
mausoleum o f Husam al-Din
a-Turuntay: 590
689-93 1 1290-93
Bury al-Rafraf: U89
689-714 11290-1314(?) 'Double-Cross' hall: U91
690 1 1291
ribat o f Ahmad ibn Suiayman: 245
aa'at al-Ashrafiva: U88
692 1 1292
695-96 11294-96
madrasa o i a - ~ k i Muhammak44
r
696 1 1297
minaret of the mosque of 'Aii
al-Baqii: 156
restorations by Sultan Layin, i n
mosque of Ahmad ibn
Tulun. See 220
ca. 700 11300
tombs in zawiyat ai-Sutuhi.
5ee (4781
8th 114th centun
Bab al-Gabai: U8l

hammam of~ydaghmish.SeeU36
Mamluk k~tchens:U84
minaret and mausoieum
ai-Sultaniya: 288.289
qubba o f Awiad al-Asyad: 215
rab'ofTutlhuah: 12871
retaining k a i i i n citadel U127
tomb o f Sandal al-Mangaki: 327
wikalat al-Flrakh: 13991
mausaleum a? Qarasunqur: 31
restorations, by Baybars
a-Gashank~r,in mosque of
ai-Hak~m See 15
mosque o f Saar and Sangar: 221
khanqah of Baybars al-Gashankir: 32
madrasa o f am~rTaybars.See97
tomb o f Sangar al-Gamaqdar
(mosque o f a-Kurdi): (417)
mosque o f Ahmad Bey Kohya: 521
Qaramtdan, sunlving wall: 617
sahrig, i n the Citadel: 569
tower and waterwork, of ai-Nasir
Muhammad: 369
vJell o f the hawsh: U97
modifications t o Burg ai-Rafraf.
See U89

700 I l 3 0 0 - I
701-2 11302
703 1 1303
706-9 11306-10
709 / 1309
710 / 1310
712 / 1312

7141 1314

244

INDEX

OF

BUlLOlNGS

BY

DATE

741 1 1340
before 742 / 1341
742 1 1341
745-46 1 1344-45
before 747 / 1346
747 / 1346

palace o f al-Nasir Muhammad

[Ablaq Palace]: 549
tomb of Safi al-Din Gawhar: 270
minaret o f rawlyat a-Hunud 237
tomb a f Hasan Sadaqa (Sunqur al
Sa'dll. 263
mosque o f the qadi Shanf a-Din: 176
mosque of Almalik al-Gukandai: 24
mosque of the amir Husayn: 233
qubba of al-Muzaffar'Aam &Din
Sangar: 261
mosoue ofAhmad al-Mihmandar: 115
sab~l'of al-Nasir Muhammad. 561
mausoleum o f 'Abu'i Vusufayn': 234
mosoue of Muohaltav
- . al-Gamal: 26
mosque of Clawsun: 202. Seealso
224, U62
mosque o f Ulmas: 130
palace o f Alnaq al-Naan
(Ain Aq): 249
qubbat al-Qimar~:128
palace of Yashbak min Mahd~.266
madrasa of the amir Aqbuyha. See97
Bab Qadi 'Askar: (47)
hawsh [curtain wails of al-Nasr
Muhammad]. See U81
mosque of al-Nasir Muhammad: 143
mausoleum of Ahmad al-Qasld: 10
khanqah and minaret of Qawsun: 290
mausoleum of Qawsun: 291
palace of Bashtak: 3 4
mosque o f Bashtak. See34, 205
palace of the amir Qawsun. See26G
mosque of Altunbuyha
al-Marldani: 120
tomb of Anuk. See44
wikaia of Qawsun: 11
hammam o f Bashtak: 244
mausoieum in the mosque of
Aqsunqur. See 123
m o 4 & of Aslam al-Silahdar 112
mosque of Aydumur al-Bahawan: 22
masque of Aqiunqui: 123
palace of Mangak al-Yusufi. See247
madrasa of Clutlubugha
ai-Dhahabi. 242
mosque o f Tatar al-Hegaziya 36
mosque o l Mangak a-Yusufi: 138
mosque of Shaykhu: 147
qa'a of Muhib al-Din ai-Muwaqq~
('Uthman Katkhudal: 50
~ a l a c eof the amlr Taz: 267
sabil of Shaykhu: 144
hammam o f Shaykhu: U106
khanoah of Shavkhu. 152
khanqah o f NI?& a-Drn: 140
mosque of Sarghatmish: 218

madrasa o f Sultan Hasan: 133.

Seealso 120. 190 (usurpations)
mosque of Badr al-Din al-Agami: (391
madrasa o f Bashir Agha a Gumdar: 269
restorations (by Sultan Hasanl in
mosque o f al-Hakim. See 15
mausoleum of Tatar al-i-legaziya: 36
mosque ofal-Amir Mlthqai: 45
mosque of Khushqadam
al-Ahmadi: 153
palace o f Tashtamur al-'Ala'i.
See 153
madrasa o f Umm al-Sultan Sha'ban
(Khawand Barakai 125
sabl of Baktlmur al-Mu'minl.
See 148
mosque of Asanbugha: 185
madrasat al-Ghanamiya: 96
mosque of llgay a-Yusufi: 131
mosque o f b n al-Baqri. 18
madrasa of aldshraf Sha'ban.
See 257
mausoleum o f Ragab a-Shiraii: 476
783--922 /AD 1382-15171
mausoleum of Yunus
al-Dawadar: 139
hawd-kuttab of Aytmish
785 / 1383
ai-Bagasl: 251
mosque complex of Aytmlsh
ai-Bagaa: 250
madrasa of al-Zahlr Barquq: 187
mosque of 'Umar ibn Raslan
al-Bulqlni. See (4811
mosque o f lnal al-Yusufi: 118
794 1 1392-93
mosque of Mahrnud al-Kurdi: 117
795 / 1393
mosque of Muqbil al-Dawudi: 177
798 1 1395
evrly 9th ('1 /
elements o f zawiya i n tomb of 'Ail
15th (?I century
Negm. See359
house o f Ahmad Katkhuda
9th 1 15th century
al-Razzaz. See235
khan al-Hagar. See (434)
qubbat al-Komi: 256
lawiva of Fatima Umm Khawand: 58
khaniah of Sa'ad al-Dln ibn
Ghurab: 312
mossue of Sudun Min Zada: 127
madisa of Gamai &Din
al-Ustadar: 35
zawlya and sabil o f Farag ibn
Barquq: 203
mosque of al-Ayni: 102
mosque of Oanibay
al-Muhammadl: 151

Burgi Mamluks
783 / 1382

ca. 845 1 1441-42

846 / 1442
847 / 1443
848 1 1444
850 / 1446
853 / 1449

(AII

before 857 / 1453

ca. 860 / 1456

before 873 11468

873 1 1468

INDEX

O F

mosque of 'Abd al-Ghani

al-Fakhri: Inn
bimaristan of al-Mu'ayyad
Shaykh: 257
hammam o f al-Mu'ayyad
Shaykh: 410
mosque of al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh: 190
mosque of the qadi 'Abd aldasit: 60
zawiya o f a-Mu'ayyad Shaykh.
See 145
madrasa of al-Ashraf Barsbay: 175
mosque of K a f u r a l i ~ m a m107
mosque of Gan~bak:119
zawiya o f Fayruz: 192
madrasa o f Gawhar al-Lala: 134
madrasa and tomb of Gawhar. See97
mosque o f Taghribard~
al-Buklumushi: 209
minaret of Qanibay al-Sharkasl; 154
mosque o f Oaraqoga al-Hasani: 206
mosque o f a G a m a i i Yusuf. 178
sabii ai-Wafa'iya: 557
takiyya of Taki al-Din al-Blstami: 326
mosque ofYahya Zayn a-Din: 182
madrarat al-Ghamri; [465)
mosque af Sultan Gaqmaq ('Lagin
al-Sa'lfi'): 217
mosque o f Muhammad Sai'd
Gaqmaq: 180 .
mosque of Oadl Yahya Zayn
&Din 204
rlbat a-Zayni: (141)
minaret o f tile mosque uf
Gaqmaq: (317)
ribat of the wife o f Sultan lnal
(Khawand Zaynabl: 61
hammam of lnal: 562
mosque and tomb ofTaqtabay ibn
Bardbak 25
mausoleum o f Abu'l Ghadanfar: 3
zawiya of Gulaq. See 173
masque o f Ganem al-Sharkasi
al-Taglr: (464)
mosque o f Mughalbay Taz. See207
mausoleum o f Sudun al-Qasrawl: 105
house o f Zaynab Khatun: 77
mosque of al-Mar'a (Fatma
Shaqral: 195
ren~vations(by Sultan Qaytbay) In
mosque o f al-Azhar. See97
hawd of Oaytbay: 222
mosque of Oaytbay: 223
sabil o f Oaytbay: U119
sabll-kuttab of Oaytbay: 7 6
wikala of Qaytbay [al-Azharl: 75
mosque and mausoleum of Ganem
al-Bahlawan: 129

B U l L D l N O S BY D A T E

245

mosque complex o f Abu Bakr ibn

Muzhir: 49
sabil-kuttab of Qaytbay: 324
mosque of Qagmas al-lshaqi 114
wikala o f Qaytbay (6ab al-Nasrl: 9
ca. 885-95 1 1480-89 mosque of Kushqadam
al-Ahmad]: 153
house o f Qaytbay: 228
maq'ad of Qaytbay: I4401
rab' o f Qaytbay: (518)
Bab Qaytbay (Bab a-Qarafa): 278
mosque of Azbak al-Yusufi.21
mausoleum of Yakub Shah
al-Mlhmandar: 303
hawd o f Qaytbay: 74
before 901 11496
tomb of al-Shurafa: 357
wikala o f Claytbay (al-Surugiya): U77
wikalat al-'Uqbi (khan
al-F~sqiyal: (484)
maq'ad o f Mamay ai-Sa'ifi (bayt
al-Qadi): 51
mausoleum of Qansuh Abu Sa'id: 360
904 / 1499
early 10th 1 early 16thI century [Mamluk)
mlnaret of 'All al-Amri: 426
Qaram~dan:restorations o f
al-Ghurl. 617
sabil of Yusuf al-Kurdi: 213
artillery platrorm in Citadel. SeeU51
palace of al-Ghuri. Sce64-66,
189,322
908 and after /
1502 and after
mosque and tomb of Khayrbak: 248
908 1 1503
door, tomb, and sabll-kuttab of
Tarabay al-Sharifi: 255
mosque o f Qanibay al5a'lfi [Amir
Akhur): 136
mosque o f al-Ghuri 148
house o f al-Ghuri (waqf o f Sa'ld
Pasha): 65
maq'ad of al-Ghuri: 66. See olso 65
mausoleum and sab~l-kuttabof
al-Ghur~:67
mosque of al-Ghur~.189
street roofings behind mosque
ofal-Ghuri: 550
wikala of al-Ghuri: 64
khan aldarakisha: 351
minaret of the mosque o f
al-Ghuri 159
minaret o f al-Ghuri in mosque o f
a-Azhar See97
Bab al-Badistan (al-Ghuri): 53
Bab al-Ghuri: 56
mausoleum af Ququrmas: (170).
See olso 15
wikala o f a-Ghun (al-Qutn) 54.
See also 56

920-21

1 1515

921-221 1516
913 / 1507
10th 116th centuly

khan Sa'id: (458)

mausoleum of Baybars
al-Khayyai: 191
rab' al-Tabbana: U61
tombpf Azdumur: 113
man211in the waqf
al-Haramayn: (400)
minaret of the mosque o f
Muhammad a-Burdaynl: U l l l
qubba o f Shaykh Abdaliah: 413
sabat in the waqf of
al-Fakahani: (366)
zawiya o f Ahmad ibn~ha'ban:103
zawiya of Muhammad Durgham: 241

Ottomans (AH 922-1220 / A D 1517-1805)

10th / 15th centuw
cemetery. SeeUBO
house o f 'AMal-Wahid al-Fasl: 355
khan al-Zarakisha: 351
manzli al-Sadat al-Wafa'iya. 463
mosque of 'Abd al-Latrfal-Rarafi: 46
mosque o f Taghrbardi
ial-Mihmandarlya): 42
tomb of Muhammad al-Ka'ak~: U80
towers in walls of northern
enclosure: USlH, J. K, M
wikalat al-Gallaba: 425 '.
wikala of Taghribardi: 188
rawya o f SI~IMuhammad
al-Sha'rani: (502)
926-31 / 1519-24
takiyyat al-Gulshan~: 332
929 / 1522
rawiya o f Hasan al-Rumi: 258
before 934 11527-28 mosque of h4uhib al-Din Abu'l
Tayyib: 48
935 / 1528
mosque o f Sulavmao Pasha: 142
? f 3 / 1317-i.?
z;,.",a
of Sls,ro N. r , '3741
>:1 11531
q.oba of Sr?,,/.h k ' m : 510
242 / 15%
-nn'l-l..nac :'l:n.sra!v
Pasha. ?
1.17 l151C
n l d P ? -'Am"= c nr Sa tn. 559
$3, I 1543
lak',,nl : - 5 . avman'?a: 225
CC~C.: 35: I 1553
.I : 5q1.e and .?no of
Shams al-Din al-Ramli: U9
ca. 975 / 1567
mausoleum and associated
structures of al-Sha'rani: 59
975 11568
mosque al-Mahrnudlya (Mahmud
al-Maqtull: 135
983 1 1575
mosque o f Messih Pasha: 160
986 / 1578
mosque o f Murad Pasha: 181
994 1 1585
tomb of Shaykh Sinan: ill
11th / 17th century
hawd 'of Shavkhu', 323. Seeolso 152
houscs in Shari' al-Dardir: [487]
house. Shari' Hammam Bashtak: U60
house In thc 'waqf o f al-Magharba
('Atfat al-Mawargil: (488)
house in the waqf of Mustafa
Slnao: 545

ca. 1009 !1600

10131 1604
10141 1605

ca. 1040 / 1630

lD4011630

maq'ad in palace of the amir Taz.

See267
qubbat a-B~raqdar U94
sabil-kuttab o f al-Klrdani: 179
sabil-kuttab o f Zayn al-Abldin: 69
tomb o f 'Ali Negm: 359
wikala of Abu Takiyya. See179
wikala o f al-'Asal: U17
wlkala o f Bakr Shurbagl (?): U28
wikala in Shari' al-Dardir See (4871
wlkala Suq al-Silah: U75
wikala of 'Umar ibn Trak. SeeU19
wikala in the waqf o f
al-Matyall: (424)
wikala in the waqf of al-Tutungi: 548
wikala and sabl-kuttab in the waqf
al-Haramayn: 433
wikala and tomb of Shaykh Abud
al-Mana'ifa: (453)
house of 'Abd al-Mu'min
Shakrun: I4931
~ C S ~ I . Cof A ? l - l a ! r r o . L70
r;r -c .a r nnrh i C.. J6C
r:?? c:??.,,!" ,l;4!>
.< . c x,:"E2
tomb o f Shaykh 'Uthrnan al-Fathl: US3
vJlkaiat al-Mlhmandariya. U24
wikala. Suq al-Silah. U76
w~kala.Shari' Mu'lzr li-Din Allah
(al-Ubbur): U129
zawiya and tomb olShaykh
'Abdalah al-Baz. US8
synagogue o f Ha'lm Capusi: U18
tomb ofYusufAgha al-Habashi: 229
sabil-kuttab o f t h e amir
Muhammad: 14
house of 'Abd al-Hamid Wa'di: 364
mosque o f Malika Safiya: 200.
See also 330
mosque of Kaiirn a-Din Burdayni: 201
sabi-kuttab and rab' of al-Uizlar: 265
palace o f Muhammad ibn
Souwaydan: 13361
wikala and sabil of al-Naqadi: 397
mosque of Yusuf Agha al-Hln: 196
zawiya o f Mustafa Pasha: 155
w k a a t al-Tlnah. See16
sabil o f Mustafa Sinan: 246
sabil-kuttab of Qltas Bey lwaqf of
Bavbars al-Gashankirl: 16
ivlkala of Mustafa S~nan:U74
palace of Radwan Bey: 208
iasaba o f Radvlan 8e.y: 406-408
See ubo (409)
house in the waqf o f Mahmud
al-Shabsiri: 609
house and s a b ~of al-Kritllya: 321

sabil-kuttab of Khaih Effendi

ai-Muqatl'gul: 71
sabil-kuttab of Sulavman

sabil ofYusuf Bey: 219

house o f Sltt Wasila': 445
c o m ~ l e xof Mustafa B w
iabtabay: 272
mosque of Yahya ibn 'Aqab: (485)
sab~i-kuttabo f Sulavman Bev
ai-Kharbutii 70
wlkaa and sabil of Gamal ai-Din
al-Dhahabi: 411
wfkaat al-Tabtabay: (468)
sabii of lbrahim Agha
Mustahfizan. 238
sabil o f al-Bazdar: 27
tomb o f lbrahim Khallfa
Guindian: 586
sabll-kuttab o f al-Sayyld 'Aii ibn
Hayz': 23
Bavt al-Tablawi. See339
zawlya of Radwan Bey: 365
restorations, by lbrahim Agha,
in mosque of Aqsunqur: 123
houscs in the waqf o f lbrahim
Agha: (457), (595). 613, 619
house of 'Umar Agha: US9
sabtl and tomb o f 'Umar Aghe: 240
house in the waqf o f al-Mulla: 541
house o f Khusraw Pasha: 15141
sabil of lsma'il ibn Ahmad
(al-Maghlawj 1al-Manawil: 57
hawd of lbrahim Agha
Mustahfizan: 593
mosque of Aqsunqur al-Fariqan~
al-Habashlf: 193
wikala n the waqf of
al-Haramayn: (598)
sate of ai-Haral a-Mabvada: 356
iabil-kuttab and wikala bf ~ d a h
Basha: 17,591
wikala of Dhuiliuar (Udah Bashal: 19
zawiya of ~dah'Basha:(3711
sabil-kuttab of Shahin Agha
Ahmad: 328
sabil-kuttab of 'Abbas Agha,
restoratlon: 335
sabli-kuttab o f 'Abd a-Baqi Khayr
al-Dm. 194
sab-kuttab of 'All Agha Dar
al-Sa'ada: 268
sabii-kuttab o f Yusuf Agha Dar
al-Sa'ada: 230

wlkala of Yusuf Agha Dar

al-h'ada: U39
manzil al-Sadat ai-Wafa'iya: 463
1090 1 1679
10941 1683
sabil-kuttab of Mustafa Shurbagl
Mustahfiran: 553
1095-96 1 1684
restoration, by Bilal Agha, o f
khanqah of Shaykhu. See152
1100 1 1688-89
wikalat aldanadqiya: 423
zawlya of Gai'arai-Sadiq: 554
raw and sabii-kuttab o f Hasan
1106/ 1694
Agha Kokllan [Beiifia): 243
sabd o f brahim Shurbagi
Mustahfizan: 363
wikala and sabil oi'Abbas Auha:
396. See also 499
ca, 11071 1695
wikalat al-Shishini (Sulayman
Agha): U1. Seeolso 499
1109 1 1697
mosque of Ahmad Katkhuda
ai-'Azab: 145
before 1110 11698
sabil in the waqf of Kuisun: 311
wikalat ai-Khalawati: U79
sabi-kuttab of Ahmad Effendi
1111 / 1699
Sallm: 461
late 11th 117th century w~kaiatBazar'a (al-Kihlya]: 398
before 1112 1170D
wikalat al-Muila ai-Kablra
[Zaynab Khatun): U5
Faramangui House. See (534)
12th 1 1 8 t h century
hammam Qadi al-Fadil
(al-Sukkarlya) 596
hammam al-Sharaybi: U30
hammam al-Tanbali: 564
house of 'Ali Effendi Labib: 497
house entrance, Shari' Khan Abu
Tak~yya:U20
house o f Gawhar Aaha: 14431

sabii-kuttab 'Atfat ai-Zababqt

(al-G hamri): (491)
sabll-kuttab, Ottoman: UlO2
sabil-kuttab, Shari'
al-Magharbellin: U44
sabil-kuttab Taha Hasan al-Wardani
('Aqashl: 236
sabil-rab' aldelifia
(al-Baiighya): (4981
tomb of Khalli ibrahim Shurbaq~:U2
wlkaia, 'Atfat a-Zababqi (lbrihim
Agha): [491)
wlkaa facade: U96
wikalat al-Haramayn. See(501)
wikalat al-Muhammadayn
(al-Khat~b):5'37
wikala of al-Sharaybi: 460
wlkala, No. 53 Shari' Tulun: U120
Bayt al-Gazia: U72
hammam al-Effendi: (566)
hammam al-Qirablya: U42
hammam, Darb ai-Ahmar: U38
hammam. No. 83 Shari' Tulun: U121
house and qa'a in t h r waqf of
al-'Abbar (ai-SIR Manwar): (439)
house of Ahmad 'Abd al-Oudus: 14891

1088 11677

house o f Munlb al-Alayii (Shaykh

al-Qayati): (368)
house of Shaykh Sayim: (437)
house in the waqf or Banush Bey
('Bircher House'): (5041
manzil 'Abd al-Gawad al-Ansari.
See (437)
manzil i n the waqf o f ibrahim
Effcndi Shenan: [435)
manzil o f 'Uthman 'Amara
(Zaynab Umm Ahmad): (4701
mosque o f al-Hagg Abu Ghalya
(ai-Sukkarl: (137)
sabii-kuttab of Hurayn
al-Shu'aybi: 588
sabil o f lbrah~mBey ai-Wail (?I: U108
sabil of Kosa Slnan: 507
sabil in the waqf o f Hebaysh: 198

248

INDEX

O F

BUILDINGS

BY

DATE

before 1112 / 1700

1113 11701
before 1120 / 1708
1122 1 1710

rnanr!l in the w a i f o f Bashir

Agha: (4951
manril in (he waqf o f al-Hatu: (13)
maq'ads (Ottoman): U32. U45, U49
minaret of the madrasat
al-Ghanamya: U26
mosque of sma'll aldha'ranj. U12
mosque of Muhammad Kishr: U128
sabl of Ahmad 'Abd al-Qudus: (489)
tomb of ' A i al-Gizi: (277)
tomb of lsma'il ai-Sha'rani: U12
wikala o f Hasan Katkhuda
al-Bagdali: U124
wikala, Shari' al-Guyush. See (489)
zawivat al-Harisi: U31
zawliat al-Tabbakh: (431)
wikalat ai-Mulla al-Kabira: U5
mosque of Qara Muhammad. 377
sabii-kuttab of l-lasan Katkhuda: 405
wikala of Hasan Katkhuda: U l l 2
w~kaiatai-Lawand: (4031
sabi-kuttab o f 'Ali Bey
ai-Dumtati:197
mosque of Alti Barmuq: 126
house of Mustafa GaPar: 471
house of Zaynab Khatun: 77
sabil-kuttab o i Abu'l lqbai 'Arifin
Bey: 73

sab~i-kuttabo f 'Uthman 'Abdaiah

Roq'et a-Qamh: (4471
sab~lof Mustafa Musall Shurbagi. 232
sabil-kuttab o f Muhammad
Mustafa al-Muhaslbgi: 329
sabll-kuttab of Bash~rAgha Oar
Sa'ada: 309
sabll-kullab of Muhammad
Katkhuda Mustahfizan' 150
v~ikalaof Abu'l Rus
(ai-Danushar~):(4341
house and sabd o f the amir
'Abdallah (Katkhuda
'Azabanl: 452

before 1152 / 1739

1157 11744

1159 11746
before 1159 / 1747
before 1164 / 1750
11641 1750
11661 1752
1166-67

/ 1753

before 1169 11755

qa'a and maq'ad in the waqf

aldha'ranl: 63
zawiya of 'Abd a-Rahman
Katkhuda- 214
house o f 'Abd al-Rahman
vl-Harrawi 446
hawd, iabll, and manzli o f Kur
Abdallah (4211
mosque of al-Fakahan! (Ahmad
Katkhuda al-Kharbutlil: 109
sabl-kuttab o f Muhammad
Katkhuda a-Dawudli: (427)
hammam al-Gamallya: U4.
See ulso 480
mosquc and sabil-kuttab of Shaykh
'Ail al-Mutahhar: 40
sabi-kuttab o f Abd al-Rahman
Katkhuda: 21
sabi-kuttab ol'Umar Bey (Ibrahlm
Khuiuss~).226
sab~land wrkala of al-Manawi: (496)
wikalat 'Aln a-Gazal: U15
sabll and hawd o f Abd al-Rahman
Katkhuda: 260
takyya and sabil-kuttab of Sultan
Mahmud: 308
mosque o f l-lasan al-Sha'raw~
Katkhuda. See428
sabd o f Saim Agha: (429)
sabii-kuttab o f ibrahim Katkhuda
Mustahfkan: 3 3
mosque and sabii o f Shaykh
Muhammad (al-Ghurayib): 448
Bab ai-'Arab. 555
mosque of'Ayesha al-Sutuhiya: (558)
ivbll-kultab of 'Ayesha
ai-Sutuhlya: (506)
manill al-Sadat al-Wafa'iya: 463
maq'ad in the house af
al-Manawi: (334)

'masque of al-Hfni: (451)

mosque o f al-Khalawati
(Dawud Agha). (414)
mosque o f 'Abd ai-Rahman
Katkhuda. SeeU116
sabil o f the amlr Khalii: 376
sabil-kullab of Ruqayya Dudu: 337
mosque o f Sayyida 'Ayesha: (378)
sab~l,mosque. and tomb of Shaykh
Ramadan: 436
1176 / 1762-63
wlkalat a-Kharbutii: (367)
hawd of'Abd ai-Rahman
before 1179 1 1765
Katkhuda: (404)
wlkala o f Bcdawiya Shahin: 615
mosque o f al-Khudayri: (552)
sabll in the waqf o f Yusuf Bey: 262
hawd and sabii o f Muhammad Bey
Abu'l Dhahab: 62
mosque af Muhammad Bey Abu'l
Dhahab: 98
house o f Ahmad Katkhuda
a-Razzaz: 235
sabil and house o f Hasan
1193 / 1779-80
lsab~lDarb ai-Masmatl: 1361)
1193 / 1779-88
palace a-Musafirkhana: 20
manzil and hammam al-Margush
1195 1 1780
(al-Maiatyali). (490), 592
tomb of Muhammad ai-Anwar: 68
mosque of 'Ali ibn ai-Arabi and
1199 11784
house of Muhammad
al-Mahruqi: 459
masque of Ahmad al-Dardlr: U29
ca. 1200 11785
Bab ai-Gabal: U81
I 2 0 1 / 1786
mosque o f Mahmud Muharran: 30
1207 / 1792
1211 11796
Bayt a-Sthaymi: 339
sabll-kuttab of Nafisa al-Bayda: 358
tomb and rawlya of Sidi Galal
al-Assluli: UllO
w~kalao f Nafisa al-Bayda: 395
late 12th / 18th century house o f ai-Kashif: (500)
maq'ad. Shari' a-Ganlbakiya: U49
before 1215-16 11800 hammam of Qalawun
lal-Nahhasin]: U16
tomb o f 'Abd al-Karim. SeeU130
wikalat a-Gushaniva: U14
w~kalatal-Nashar~n(sultan lnal): (422)
zawiya o f 'Abd al-Karlm: U130
French Occupation ( M 1213-1217

1AD

1798-1801)

Muhammad 'Aiids (w 1220-1372 1 xu 1805-1953)

13th / 19th century
Church of St. Mark: U132
Church of the V~rgin.Harat
al-Rum 483
hammam al-Dud: U78
gate: U93
gate of the Bayt a-Qadl: 61

INDEX

O F

8UiLDlNGS

BY

DATE

249

13th! 19th century

hanmam al-Adawi: (567)

hanimam aI-Khalifa: U117
house of Sakra Basha: UJ125
house, Shari' al-Qirabiya: UJ48
industrial area inthe Citadel: Uigs
n/adrasa of Sidi Shhin: 198

niaqam of Muhammad Agha: U99

mosque of Anbar al-Nur: U131

mosque of Muhammad
al-Bukturri U123

mosque of Sa'id al-Su'ada: 4130

synagoue, Karaite: 222

tomb of 'Ali alAmi 426

tomb of Ibrahim a-Fawwr: 21115
tomb of al-Maryhani. See U55
13th (~ 19th (?)
century
1224 /1809
1225/ 1810
-

1227/1812
12291 184
12331 1817

wi3alat al-S/yf: U33

structure in cemetery of
al-hurayib. See U25
tomb of Sidi al-Arbain: U1 22
mosque of Hasan Pasha Tair.
See '210
takiyyat Meveviya
(Samakhana): U10O

theMint:606

awhara Palace: 505

palace kitchens: U1109

hawsh 'ly (wikala of Muhsin

Ramadan): 499
mausoleum of Ahmad Pasha
Talr: 565
mosque of Kalamtayal-Gaali: 114
sabil of Tusun Pasha: 401
Arsenal (Topkhcne):U92
Bab al-Gedid:
785
Harim Palace: 612
palace of Muhammad 'Al: U100
tower in Citadel enclosure. 1151G
1244/ 1828
Dar al-Mahfuzat I Daftarkhana
(Archives):605
sabil of Ismajil
Pasuaa: 402
ca. 1244 11822
Army Barracks: U54
1246/ 1230
sabil of Hasar Agha Arzingan: 420
ca 1246 / 1830
Diwan of Schools: U183
1246-1300/t1830-o2 Bab al-Alhm: Ua
1253/1837
wkala of Sulayrgan Agha
al-Silahdar 604
1253-55 / 1837-39
mosque of Sulayman Agha: 382
1261 1845
mosque of al-Gawhari 462
1265 1848
mosque of Muhammad 'A : 503
before 1267 / 1850
Muhammad 'All-period palace: U1133
126711850
zawiyat al-Arbain (363)
ca 1267/1 850
house, 'Atfat al-Zelahi
(Bayt Sukkar): 157
mosque of Raab Aga: U47
tomb of Patia al-Nabawiya: U
ca. 1267/1851
sabil of UmmHusayn Bey; U i
1233 / 1818
1236 / 1820
ca. 1236/ 1820
1242h1826
1243he1o27

250

IN D EX

O F 2BUILDINGS
I
O

BY

DATE

1271 / 1854

Church of the Holy Order of St.

Francis: L123
1272/1856
wikala and sabil in the waqf
al-Haramayn: 433
1280 /1863
mosque of Mustafa Fadil Pasha: U69
sabil-kuttab of Ulfat Qadin: U68
1281 / 1864
mosque of al-Shuhada: U6
sabil-kuttab of Ahmad Pasha: 013
1282 (?)/1886 (?).
zawya and tomb of 'Ali
al-Maghrab: U41
1284/1867
sabil of Umm 'Abbas (Bambah
Dadin): [107
1284 / 1868
zawiya of Arif Pasha: U40
1286-1330/ 1869-1911 mosque of 51di Ahmad al-Rifa'i: U103
1288 /1871
house of al-'Agam (takiyyat
Iraniya): U7
1290 / 1873
house, Shari' Muhammad 'All: U63
restorations, by 'Abbas I, in mosque
of al-Husayn. See 28
1295-96/ 1878
tombs of Mustafa Fadil Pasha and
Ulfat Qadin. See U69
1299 j 1881
house of al-Khorazati: U3
1300 / 1882
Bab al-Alam (modifications by
Khedive ismal): U86
1304 (?) / 1886 (?)
tomb of Shaykh Hasan al-'Adawi.
See 24
1305/ 1888
Cathedral of St. Nicholas: U34
1311/ 1893
Mansur Palace: U134
new mosque of Oawsun: U62
1313 1895
new mosque of Sayyida 'Ayesha.
See (378)
14th / 20th century
synagogue of Maimonides: U21
ca. 1318 / 1900
palace, Shari' Ibrahim Bey: U13B
takiyya of Abu'I Dhahab: U27
1321 11903
Muse de I'art arabe
(Islamic Museum]: U46
1322/1904
mosque of 'Abbas Hilmi: 0135
mosque of Sayyida Sakrna; U116
1334/ 1915
house, Harat Ahmrad Pasha Yaken; U64
house, Shari' al-Mahgar; U56
ca. 1335 / 1915
house, Harat Ahmad Pasha Yaken: U66
house, Harat Ahmad Pasha Yaken: U65
1335 / 1916
mosque of Shagarat al-Durr. U118
ca. 1339 / 1920
house of Hasan Pasha Rashid: U90
1346/ 1927
house, Harat Ahmad Pasha Yaken: U67
ca. 1349 / 1930
synagogue of Ha'im Capusi: U18
Arab Republic of Egypt (An 1373 / AD 1953-present)
1377/ 1956
Tomb of Mustafa Kam]i U104
1410 / 1989
Sayyida Zaynab Children's Park: U126
1416 / 1995
Archaeological Garden and
Theater: J82

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