Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Improper Integrals
Definite Integrals
Properties
Infinite Intervals of Integration
Integrals of Unbounded Functions
)dx
f ( x=
F (b) F (a )
and the numbers a and b are called, respectively, the lower and upper limit of
integration
If x is restricted to lie on the real line, the definite integral is known as a Riemann
Integral , and f is said to be Riemann Integrable.
Note.- If f is a piecewise continuous, bounded fuction on [a,b], then f is Riemann
Integrable.
)dx
f ( x=
F (b) F (a )
f ( x)dx = 0
1.
f ( x)dx = f ( x)dx
2.
3.
For c (a, b)
f ( x)dx =
f ( x)dx + f ( x)dx
x3
1
x2 1 3 2 1
2
3
2
3
2
=
+
=
+
=
+
+
ln1 =148 ln 5
3
x
2
x
dx
3
2
x
x
5
5
ln
5
1
1
x
2 x 1
x 1
3
5
The definite integral (or Riemann Integral) defined previously verifies the
two following conditions on f:
f(x): (a,b) R is defined on a bounded interval (a,b)
f is a bounded function on (a,b).
When one or both of these conditions are not verified, it is possible to
extend the definition of integral by mean of limits.
These new integrals are called Improper Integrals
Definition. Infinite Interval of Integration
Let be f(x):[a,+[
When this limit does not exist, the integral is said Divergent. When it does
exist it is said Convergent.
f ( x ) dx = lim f ( x ) dx
t t
f ( x ) dx
=
f ( x ) dx +
f ( x ) dx
but f(x) is not defined at x=a. Then we define the Improper Integral of Second
Type as
f ( x ) dx = lim+
h 0
a+h
f ( x) dx
if the limit exists, and the improper integral of f is said to converge in this case.
If f(x)0 in (a,b], we identify the integral as the area under the graph of f over
the interval [a,b] . In the same way,
f ( x ) dx = lim+
h 0
bh
f ( x) dx