ConstructionSpecification14PressureGrouting

1. Scope
Theworkconsistsofdrillinggroutholes,exploratoryholes,andcheckholes;pressuretesting,
pressurewashing,andinjectingsuspensiongroutunderpressure;andincludesfurnishingofall
materials,labor,andequipmentasdescribedandspecified.
2. Material
PortlandCementPortlandcementshallconformtotherequirementsofMaterialSpecification
531,PortlandCement,forthespecifiedtype.Ifthecementcontainslumpsorforeignmaterial
thatwouldclogthegroutingequipmentorinterferewithgroutinjection,itshallbescreened
througha100meshscreen.Cementshallbefurnishedinbags(94lb)unlessspecialequipmentis
providedforstoring,handling,andweighingbulkcementasspecifiedinsection3ofthis
specification.
WaterWaterusedshallbecleanandfreefrominjuriousamountsofoil,acid,organicmatter,
orotherdeleterioussubstances.
SandSandforgroutshallconformtoMaterialSpecification522,AggregatesforPortland
CementConcrete,and,unlessotherwisespecified,thegradationshallbewithinthenumerical
limitsasfollows:
Sievedesignation
(U.S.std.squaremesh)

16
50
100
200

Percentpassing
byweight

100
2050
1030
05

Sandincludedinthemixshallbemeasuredincubicfootboxesorothervolumetricmethod
approvedbytheengineer,orbydryunitweightwithcorrectionformoisturecontent.
BulkfillersBulkfillersotherthansandshallbeofthetypeandqualityspecifiedinsection18
ofthisspecification.Bulkfillersincludedinthemixshallbemeasuredincubicfootboxesorby
dryunitweightwithcorrectionformoisturecontent,ifapplicable.
AdmixturesAdmixturesshallbethetypeandqualityspecifiedinsection18ofthis
specification.
StorageandsupplyAsufficientquantityofallmaterialsshallbeonhandtoensurethat
groutingoperationswillnotbeinterruptedordelayed.Materialsshallbestoredandprotectedat
alltimesandatalllocationssothatthequalityofthematerialsismaintained.

3. Equipment

(210VINEH,May2001)

Alldrillingandgroutingequipmentshallbeofatypeandcapacityandinconditiontoperform
theworkdescribed.
DrillingequipmentDrillingequipmentshallbecapableofdrillingangleholesupto45
degreesfromverticalunlessotherwisespecifiedinsection18ofthisspecification.
Forexploratoryholes,alldrillingequipmentusedinrockshallbetherotarytypeandshallbe
equippedwithhydraulicfeed.
Coresshallbedrilledwithstandardballbearing,swiveltype,Nsize,doubleortripletubesplit
innercorebarrelsorequivalentsizewirelinecoringequipment.
Equipmentfordrillinggroutandcheckholesshallberotary,percussion,orrotarypercussion
typeasspecifiedinsection18ofthisspecification.Nocorerecoverywillberequired,andthe
typeofbitusedshallbeoptional.Equipmentusingairaloneforflushingcuttingsshallnotbe
used.Whenpercussiondrillingequipmentusingwaterforflushingcuttingsisused,thelifting
rateoftheflushingwatershallbenotlessthan18inchespersecond.
GroutingequipmentTheequipmentshallbecapableofmixingandpumpinggrouthavinga
mixratio,byvolume,ofonepartwater,onepartcement,andtwopartsbulkfiller,suchassand
orflyash.
MixersUnlessotherwisespecified,mixersshallbehighspeedcolloidaltypeandcapable
ofthoroughlymixingwater,cement,andbulkfillerstoproduceagroutofuniformtexture
andconsistency.Mixersshallmatchthecapacityofthepumpingplant.
HoldovertankAholdovertankshallbefurnishedifasinglecompartmentmixerisused.
Itshallbeequippedwithmechanicalagitatorstopreventsegregationofthegroutandshall
havesufficientcapacitytotemporarilystorethegroutandthusprovideacontinuoussupply.
TheoutflowshallpassthroughaNo.16wiremeshscreenifthegroutcontainsparticlesor
foreignmatterthatwouldinterferewithitsproperflowintothevoidsitisintendedtofill.
PumpsGroutpumpsshallbelongstroke,multiplepistonorthehelicalscrewtype.The
capacityshallbenotlessthan3cubicfeetperminuteat200poundspersquareinchforthe
maximumgroutmixof1:1:2(w:c:bf),byvolume.
CementandflyashhandlingequipmentIfbulkcementorflyashisused,itshallbe
storedinweathertightbinsorsilosequippedandarrangedtodischargedirectlyintoa
weighinghopper,andhence,directlyintothegroutmixerwithoutspillageandwithout
intermediatehandling.
AirsupplyTheairsupplyshallmeettherequirementofthepumpsandshallnotbeless
than200cubicfeetperminuteperplant.
WatermeterOnewatermeterthathasaresetandisgraduatedintenthsofgallonsor
hundredthsofcubicfeetshallbeusedwitheachmixer.

(210VINEH,May2001)

PressuregaugesOnepressuregaugeshallbeinstalledatthepumpandoneatthecollar
ofthehole.Gaugesshallbenoncloggingorusegaugesaversorgreasetopreventclogging.
Sparegaugesshallbeavailableattheplantatalltimes.
Hoses,valves,andfittingsHoses,valves,andfittingsshallbecompatiblewiththe
maximumpressuresspecified.Hosefrompumptogroutheaderandreturnshallnotbe
smallerthan1.5inch(ID),andthepipebetweenheaderandpackershallnotbesmaller
than0.75inch(ID).Doubleorsinglepackersmayberequiredforgroutingandpressure
testing.Packersshallfittightlyintheholesatalltestingandgroutingpressures.

4. Arrangementofgroutingequipment
Thearrangementofgroutingequipmentshallprovideareturnlinefromtheheaderbacktothe
mixerorholdovertank.Thispermitscontinuouscirculationofthegrout.Thegroutpressureshall
becontrolledattheheaderorattheendofthereturnline.
Thehosebetweenthetakeoffatthegroutsupplylinetotheheaderattheholeshallnotbelonger
than15feet.
Groutingseveralholessimultaneouslyfromthesamegroutpump(multipleheaderarrangement)
isnotpermitted.
Eachholeshallbeequippedwithashutoffvalvebelowthehandcouplingunion.Thispermits
shutoffatrefusalpressureandremovaloftheheadertoanotherholewhilestillmaintaining
pressureinthecompletedhole.
Theheaderarrangementshallincludeablowoffvalveandacontrolvalveusedtocheckhole
backpressurebeforeheaderremoval.Itmustalsohaveareturnlinevalve.Theheadershallbe
connectedtothesupplylinebyaUshapedpipearrangementorotherfashionthatprevents
falloutofsolidsintotheholefromthebypassinggroutduringlowratesofgroutacceptance.

5. Communications
Asuitablevoicecommunicationssystembetweenindividualsatthepumpunitsandtheholes
shallbemaintainedbythecontractor.
6. Groutmixtures
CompositionGroutshallconsistofamixtureofportlandcement,water,sand,bulkfiller,and
additives,asspecified.Groutmixesandsequencesofchangesinmixratioorcompositionshall
beasspecifiedinsection13ofthisspecificationorasapprovedbytheengineer.
MixratiosGroutmixratiosareexpressedincubicfeetofwatertoabagofcement.Bulkfillers
areexpressedincubicfeettoabagofcement.Otheradditivesareexpressedinpercenttoabag
ofcementandmeasuredinpounds,gallons,orpints.

7. Groutcapsandconcreteslabs
Concreteforgroutcapsandslabs,ifrequired,shallbeplacedasshownonthedrawings.The
concreteshallbeaworkablemixtureofportlandcement,fineandcoarseaggregates,andwater,
containingnotlessthan6bagsofcementpercubicyardofconcrete,andnotmorethan6gallons

(210VINEH,May2001)

ofwaterperbagofcement,includingthefreemoistureoftheaggregates.
PortlandcementshallconformtotherequirementsofMaterialSpecification531forthetype
specified.Aggregatesshallconsistofsoundanddurableparticlesandshallconformtothe
limitationsfordeleterioussubstancesandthegradingrequirementsofASTMSpecificationC33.
Coarseaggregatesshallbesize7,67,57,or467asdefinedinASTMSpecificationC33.
Batching,mixing,andplacingshallbeconductedinamannerthatproducesauniform,well
graded,anddenseconcrete.
Whenreadymixedconcreteisfurnished,thecontractorshallfurnishtheengineeradelivery
ticketshowingthetimeofloadingandthequantitiesofmaterialsusedforeachloadofconcrete.
Concreteshallbeplacedwithin1.5hoursafterintroductionofthecementtotheaggregatesor
within45minuteswhenthetemperatureoftheconcreteis85degreesFahrenheitorgreater.
Surfacesagainstwhichconcreteistobeplacedshallbecleanedofallsoil,looserock,andother
loosematerialandshallbemoistwhentheconcreteisplaced.
Concreteshallbeplacedonlywhentheengineerispresent.
Theconcreteshallbepreventedfromdryingforacuringperiodofatleast5daysafteritis
placed.Exposedsurfacesshallbekeptcontinuouslymoistfortheentireperiod,orshallbecoated
withanacceptablecuringcompoundassoonasfreewaterhasdisappeared.

8. Drillingoverburden
Unlessotherwisespecified,holesdrilledthroughoverburdenshallbecasedwithsteel.Casings
shallberemovedaftercompletionofthegroutingoperationsunlessotherwiseapprovedbythe
engineer.Holesinoverburdenshallbebackfilledwithgroutorasandcementmixtureorby
tampingsoilintotheholestoapproximatelythebulkdensityofthesurroundingoverburden,
unlessotherwisespecifiedinSection18ofthisspecification.
9. Drillingrock
Thelocation,inclination,anddepthofholesshallbeasshownonthedrawingsorasdirectedby
theengineer.
Roddope,grease,andothersolidorliquidlubricantsarenotpermitted.
Thecontractorshallperformsuchexploratorydrillingasmayberequiredtodeterminethe
conditionoftherockbeforegroutingandtheeffectivenessofthegroutingoperationasthework
progresses.Allexploratoryholesshallbecoredandshallbepressuretestedwhendirectedbythe
engineer.ExploratoryholesshallbedrilledwithanNsizecorebarrelasspecifiedinsection3of
thisspecification.Rockcoresamplesshallbecarefullyplacedincorrectsequenceinlabeledcore
boxesfurnishedbythecontractor.Thecontractorshalltransportthecoreboxestothelocation
designatedinsection18ofthisspecification.
Unlessotherwisespecified,groutholesshallhaveadiameternotlessthan215/16inches(NX).

(210VINEH,May2001)

10. Washinggroutholes
Whenauthorizedbytheengineerandpriortogroutinjection,groutholesshallbewashedwith
waterandairtoremovemud,drillcuttings,andothermaterialsthatwillinterferewiththegrout
takeofthehole.Groutholestobewashedandthesequenceofwashingshallbeapprovedbythe
engineer.Washingunderpressureusingpackersorpressuretestingshallbeperformedwhen
specified.Washingtimeforeachholeshallbeapprovedbytheengineer.
Ifmudismovedintoaholebygroutingnearbyholesaftertheholehasbeenwashed,themud
willberemovedbyrewashingthehole.
Theairandwaterpressurewillbeadjustedtoprovidethemaximumcleaningconditionforthe
holesasdeterminedbytheengineer.Waterandairshallbeintroducedsimultaneouslyunder
pressureandatthesameelevationinthehole.Thewaterpumpshallbecapableofproducing200
gpmofwaterataminimumof100poundspersquareinch.Theairsupplyshallbecapableof
furnishingaminimumof200cubicfeetperminuteat100poundspersquareinch.
Unlessapprovedbytheengineer,noholeswithin100feetofapreviouslygroutedholeshallbe
washedunlessthegrouthasbeenplacedforatleast48hours.

11. Pressuretesting
Inholestobepressuretested,thepackerorpackersshallbesetatintervalsasdirectedbythe
engineer.Eachintervalshallbetestedatwaterpressuresuptothespecifieddesigngrouting
pressureforthatinterval,unlessotherwisedirectedbytheengineer.Pressuresexceedingthe
specifieddesignpressuresshallnotbeappliedunlessspecificallyauthorizedbytheengineer.
Theflowshallbereadat1minuteintervals.Thetestiscompletedwhentherateoftakeissteady
foratleast3consecutiveminutesatthemaximumpressureforthesectionbeingtested.Theflow
readingsshallberecordedonaformsuppliedbyorapprovedbytheNRCS.
Pressuretestequipmentshallbecalibratedatthesitetodeterminethepressurelossinthe
equipmentatvariousflowratesandtestdepths.Pressuretestsandcalibrationofpressuretest
equipmentshallbeperformedinthepresenceoftheengineer.

12. Packerandstagegrouting
Forpackergrouting,theholesshallbedrilledtothetotaldepthsandshallbegroutedinlifts
startingatthebottom.Ifthedrillwaterislostcompletely,theholeshallbegroutedatthatdepth
anddrillingcontinuednotlessthan24hoursaftergrouting.Thepackerliftsandrelatedpressures
shallbeasspecifiedexceptasotherwisedirectedbytheengineer.
Ifstagegroutingbecomesnecessary,itshallbeperformedinsuccessivedepthintervals(stages)
ineachholebeginningattherocksurfaceandprogressingtothedeeperstages.Alloftheholes
inaspecifiedareashallbedrilledandgroutedineachstagebeforegroutingofthesucceeding
stageisbegun.Thestagesandthegroutingpressuresforeachstageshallbeasspecifiedunless
otherwisedirectedbytheengineer.
Eachstageofaholeshallbewashedwithwaterandairsimultaneouslyandimmediatelybefore
grouting.Washingunderpressureorpressuretestingshallbeperformedasspecifiedinsection

(210VINEH,May2001)

10ofthisspecification.

13. Groutinjection
Thepumpingrateshallnotexceed3cubicfeetperminuteunlessotherwiseapprovedbythe
engineer.Groutpressuresshallbeasspecifiedinsection18ofthisspecification,butshallnot
exceedtherefusalpressuresshownasfollows:

(210VINEH,May2001)

Groutrefusalpressuresformixratios
Rockcover
(ft)

5
10
20
40
60
80
100
Notes:

GaugepressureatcollarinPSIforthemixratios(byvolume)
1:1:2
1:1:1
1:1:3/5
1:1W:C 2:1
3:1
5:1
water

1
1
1
8
22
36
50

1
1
2
12
26
41
56

1
2
3
14
28
44
60

1
2
5
17
34
52
70

1
3
7
21
40
60
80

1
3
8
23
43
64
84

2
4
9
26
46
68
90

3
5
10
30
52
75
99

(1) 1:1:3/5=5water:5cement:3sand
(2) Overburdencountsas50%rockcover(10feetofoverburden=5feetofrockcover)
(3) Fordepthsandmixratiosotherthanthoseshown,linearinterpolationshallbemade
todeterminemaximumpressure.

Grouting,particularlyinzonesnearthesurface,shallbeaccomplishedwithextremecautionto
preventupliftoftherockorexcessiveleakageatthesurface.
Thecontractorshallcaulksurfacecracksthatallowexcessivelossofgrout.Cracksmaybe
caulkedbymechanicalmeansorwithfastsettingmortar.Ifnecessary,groutingshallbe
temporarilysuspendedorthepressureshallbereducedtopermitthecaulkingofleaks.
Acceleratorsmaybeaddedtothegroutforthesamepurposeifapprovedbytheengineer.
Ifgroutinjectedintooneholeappearsinadjacentholes,theinterconnectedholesshallbe
pluggedtemporarilywithpackerssetjustabovethelevelatwhichthegroutisentering.Holes
groutedbyinterconnectionshallbesplitspaced.
Thequantityofgroutpreparedinadvanceshallbekepttoaminimum.Groutthathasremained
inthemixerorholdovertankwithorwithoutagitationformorethananhourshallbediscarded.
Grouttemperaturesshallbenolowerthan50degreesFahrenheit.Thegroutedsoil,rock,or
concreteshallbenocolderthan40degreesFahrenheitwhengroutisinjectedandforatleast48
hoursthereafter.Insulationorheatshallbeappliedtothesurfacefor24hoursbeforegrouting
and48hoursafterifrequiredtokeepthesoil,rock,orconcreteabovetheminimumrequired
temperature.
Whentheholeshowssignsofrefusal,athinnermixshallbeusedtopreventorremoveclogging.
Aholeshallbeconsideredgroutedwhenthegrouttakeatthedesignpressureislessthan1cubic
footofgroutin10minutes.
Ifaholecontinuestoacceptgroutafteraspecifiedamountofthethickestworkablegroutmixture
hasbeeninjected,theengineermayspecifyareducedpumpspeedand/ortheuseofaccelerators,
ormaydirectthatthepumpingbehaltedtemporarilytopermitthegrouttoset.Inwhichcase,the
holeshallbeflushedwithabout5to8cubicfeetofwaterandrestedforatleast4hours.

(210VINEH,May2001)

Groutingshallbediscontinuedinholesthatdonotrespondtotheaboveprocedure.Theholes
shallberedrilledandregroutedlater,ortheareaofhighgroutabsorptionshallbegroutedfrom
adjacentholesuntilthedesignobjectivehasbeenachieved.

14. Groutingprocedure
Theproceduresandgroutmixesdescribedbelowaregeneralguidelinesandmaybealteredinthe
fieldbytheengineertosuittheconditionsencounteredandtomeetthedesignobjectives.
Unlessonthesiteexperienceindicatesotherwiseandinlieuofpressuretesting,eachstageorlift
ofaholetobegroutedshallbestartedwithabout15cubicfeet(threebatches)ofwater:cement
mixtobenothinnerthan5:1(w:c),byvolume,unlessotherwisespecifiedinsection18ofthis
specification.
Iftheholecontinuestotakegroutatapumpingratenottoexceed3cubicfeetperminuteandat
apressureequaltoorlessthanspecifiedasrefusalpressure,themixratioshallbechangedto3:1
(w:c).Ifthemajorityoftheholesacceptthe3:1withoutsignsofslowdownintherateoftake,
holesinthatstageorlocationmaybestartedwitha3:1insteadofthe5:1mix.Achangetoa
differentlocationorstagemayrequireareturntothe5:1startermix.
Groutmixesshallbethickenedfrom5:1to3:1to2:1to1:1afterwhichsandand/orflyashshall
beaddedtothemixinagraduatedmanner(5:5:1S,5:5:2S,).Thewatercementratioshallnot
belessthanone.

15. Records
Unlessotherwisespecified,thecontractorshallkeepdrillinglogsandcompleterecordsofall
groutingoperations.Theserecordsincludetimelogsofgroutmixesandadmixturesusedineach
stageorliftforeachhole,relatedpressuresandpumpingrates,backpressures,andobservations
onexcessiveleakageandothernonroutineconditions.Thedrillinglogshallincludedate,hole
location,depthofrock,anddepthstovariousrockfeatures.Rockfeaturesshallbedescribedas
hard,soft,weathered,cracks,orcavities.Thecontractorqualitycontrolactivitiesareoutlinedin
ConstructionSpecification94,whenapplicable.
Unlessotherwisespecified,thecontractorshallcooperateinprovidingallinformationrelatedto
drillingandgroutingactivitiesrequiredbythecontract.
Unlessotherwisespecified,onecopyoftherecordsshallbeprovidedtheengineeratthe
completionofeachshift.

16. Cleanup
Aftergroutingiscompleted,thecontractorshallremovethegroutingplantandallrelatedparts,
equipment,andsuppliesfromthesite.Thecleanupincludesunusedmaterialsandwaste.
17. Measurementandpayment
Foritemsofworkforwhichspecificunitpricesorlumpsumpricesareestablishedinthe
contract,measurementandpaymentforpressuregroutingismadeasdescribedbelow.Such
paymentwillconstitutefullcompensationforalllabor,materials,equipment,andallotheritems

(210VINEH,May2001)

necessaryandincidentaltothecompletionofthework.
MobilizationPaymentformobilizationismadeatthecontractlumpsumprice.Suchpayment
willincludecompensationformovinggroutingequipmentandsuppliestothesiteofthework,
assemblingtheplantatthesite,movingonthesiteasworkprogresses,andremovalfromthesite
uponcompletionofthework.Sixtypercentofthelumpsumpricewillbepaidwhentheplantis
assembledatthesiteandgroutingworkisbegun.Theremaining40percentwillbepaidafterthe
workiscompleted,theplantisremovedfromthesite,andcleanupiscomplete.
DrillingoverburdenDrillingoverburdenismeasuredbydeterminingtothenearestfootthe
totallinearfeetofacceptedholedrilledintheoverburden.Paymentfordrillingoverburdenis
madeatthecontractunitprice,whichwillincludecompensationforplacingandremoving
casings.
DrillingrockDrillingrockismeasuredbydeterminingtothenearestfootthetotallinearfeet
ofacceptedholeofeachsizedrilledinrockwithoutcoring.Paymentfordrillingrockismadeat
thecontractunitpriceforeachsizeofhole.
CoringrockCoringrockismeasuredbydeterminingtothenearestfootthetotallinearfeetof
acceptedholeofeachsizecoredinrock.Paymentforcoringrockismadeatthecontractunit
priceforeachcoresize,whichwillincludecompensationforfurnishingandhandlingthecore
boxes,storingcores,andrecordingobservationsasspecified.
PressuretestsPressuretestingismeasuredbydeterminingthetotaltimetothenearestquarter
hourthatpressureisappliedtotheholesinmakingtherequiredtests.Aquarterhourwillbe
addedforsettingupequipmentforeachtestingperiod.Noextrapaymentwillbemadefor
calibratingpressuretestequipment.Paymentforpressuretestsismadeatthecontractunitprice.
WashinggroutholesMeasurementforpaymentisdeterminedbythetotaltime,tothenearest
onetenthhour,thatwaterisactuallyappliedtothehole.Noextrapaymentwillbemadefor
settingupequipment.Paymentforwashinggroutholesismadeatthecontractunitprice.
ConnectionstogroutholesConnectionstogroutholesaremeasuredbydeterminingthe
numberofconnectionsmadeofthegroutsupplyhosetotheholestobegrouted.Thenumberof
connectionsforpaymentwillnotexceedoneperholeforpackergroutingoroneforeachstage
forstagegrouting.Theexceptionisifgroutingisinterruptedtopermitthegrouttoset,thenone
additionalconnectionwillbemeasuredforpaymenteachtimegroutingatthesameelevationin
thesameholeisresumed.Paymentforconnectionstogroutholesismadeatthecontractunit
price.
PlacinggroutGroutplacedismeasuredtothenearestcubicfootbycountingthenumberof
batchesofeachgroutmixtureinjectedintheholesasspecifiedandmultiplyingbythenumberof
cubicfeetperbatch.Thenumberofcubicfeetperbatchforeachgroutmixtureisdeterminedas
theaverageofthemeasuredvolumesofatleastthreebatchesofthemixture,oritiscalculatedas
thesumoftheabsolutevolumesofwater,cement,sand,andbulkfillersusedinthemixture.
Absolutevolumeisdefinedas:

(210VINEH,May2001)

weight (lb) of material

bulk specific gravity of material
62.4

Admixturesshallnotbeconsideredindeterminingbatchvolume.Theweightandspecificgravity
forsandshallbebasedonsaturatedsurfacedryconditions.
Paymentforplacinggroutismadeatthecontractunitprice,whichincludescompensationfor
handlingallmaterialsforthepurposeofmixingandplacinggrout,sealingsurfaceleaks,and
maintaininggroutrecords.Paymentisnotmadeforgroutlostbyfailureofthecontractortocaulk
surfaceleaksorforgroutotherwisewastedbecauseoftheactionsofthecontractor.
CementCementforgroutismeasuredonthebasisofthenumberofbagsofcement(94lb)or
equivalentweightofbulkcementusedinthegrout.Cementusedinconcreteforcappingorother
purposesisnotincluded.Paymentforcementismadeatthecontractunitprice.Paymentisnot
madeforcementingroutwastedbecauseofmechanicalfailureortheactionsofthecontractor.
SandandbulkfillersSandandbulkfillersaremeasuredbyvolumeorequivalentweight,
adjustedformoisturecontentwhereapplicable,tothenearestcubicfootofeachusedinthe
groutingoperation.Paymentismadeatthecontractunitpriceforsandandeachtypeofbulk
fillerspecified.Paymentisnotmadeforsandorbulkfillerwastedbecauseofmechanicalfailure
ortheactionsofthecontractor.
AdmixturesLiquidadmixturesaremeasuredbyvolumetothenearestgallon.Dryadmixtures
aremeasuredbyweighttothenearestpound.Paymentforadmixturesismadeatthecontractunit
priceforeachtypeofadmixturespecified.Paymentisnotmadeforadmixtureswastedbecause
ofmechanicalfailureortheactionsofthecontractor.
GroutcapsandconcreteslabsCappingandslabconcretearemeasuredtothenearest0.1
cubicyardbydeterminingthecombinedweightsofcement,aggregates,andwaterusedin
concretemixedandplacedasspecified,anddividingbyaunitweightof4,000poundspercubic
yard.Paymentforcappingconcreteismadeatthecontractunitprice,whichincludes
compensationforfurnishingandhandlingallmaterials(includingcement)andformixing,
transporting,placing,andcuringtheconcrete.
SubsidiaryitemsCompensationforanyitemofworkdescribedinthecontract,butnotlisted
inthebidscheduleisincludedinthepaymentfortheitemofworktowhichitismadesubsidiary.
Suchitemsandtheitemstowhichtheyaremadesubsidiaryareidentifiedinsection18ofthis
specification.

18.Itemsofworkandconstructiondetails

(210VINEH,May2001)