EASTERN SAMAR STATE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF BUSSINESS MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTANCY

BORONGAN CITY, EASTERN SAMAR

(IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT

OF
REQUIREMENT IN
ENGLISH COMMUNICATION 2)

Submitted by:

Caratay, Ariel
Student

Submitted to:

Jimenez, Angela
Instructor

I. Single Word Modifiers

A. ADJECTIVE MODIFIERS

Adjective is a word that modifies a noun or pronoun. Adjective as modifier comes

often before the noun.

Examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

It was a nice birthday celebration.

Cheetahs are speedy animals.
She has a curly and shiny hair.
I want a red Chevrolet car.
My sister has a high heeled shoes.

B. ADVERB MODIFIER
Adverb is a word or phrase that modifies or qualifies an adjective, verb, or other adverb
or a word group, expressing a relation of place, time, circumstance, manner, cause, degree,
etc.
Examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Cheetah runs speedily.

He sings gracefully.
The boy walked slowly towards their classroom.
She always arrived early.
It is terrible hot.

C. NOUN MODIFIER
A noun can modify another noun by coming immediately before the noun that follows
it. As a modifier, the first noun tells us a bit more about the following noun. When a noun acts
as a modifier, it is in its singular form.

Examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.

Chocolate hills is located at Bohol.

The building has a library in it.
Caves are habitat of bats.
My Aunt lives in a small town in Texas.
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5. Sparta and Athens were enemies during the Peloponnesian war.

II. Phrases Modifiers
A. PREPOSITION MODIFIERS

Prepositional phrase modifiers are words, phrases, and clauses that

modify or describe a prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase consists
of a preposition plus another word, phrase, or clause that functions as the
prepositional complement.
Examples:
1. You sit in front of me in the classroom.
2. The desk are opposite the blackboard in the classroom.
3. The book is between the mug and the pen.
4. There are apple trees behind the house.
5. Please take a seat near me.

B. VERBAL PHRASE
Verbal phrase are verbals and any of the verb form's modifiers, objects, or
complements. The three types of verbal phrases are participial, gerund, and
infinitive phrases.

Gerund Phrase
is a verb form that ends in -ing. A gerund phrase includes the gerund,
plus any modifiers and complements. Gerunds and gerund phrases
always function as nouns. They can act as subjects, direct objects,
indirect objects, predicate nominatives, or objects of a preposition in a
sentence
Examples:
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1. Children sit round small tables, talking to each other.

2. It was worth it to see all those smiling faces.
3. This campaign is one of the most successful in the history of
advertising.
4. He was walking along the street.
5. She was preparing for a day at the beach when her family arrived.
Infinitive Phrase
is a group of words consisting of an infinitive and the modifier(s) and/or
(pro)noun(s) or noun phrase(s) that function as the actor(s), direct object(s),
indirect object(s), or complement(s) of the action or state expressed in the
infinitive.
Examples:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

To sing a song is another of expressing emotions.

She told ministries of her decision to resign.
From the garden you walk down to discover a large and beautiful lake.
The management wanted to know what I was doing there.
He was doing this to make me more relaxed.

Participial Phrase
is a word group consisting of a present participle (also known as an -ing
form) or past participle (also known as an -en form), plus any modifiers,
objects, and complements. A participial phrase commonly functions as
an adjective.

Examples:
1. John grew up in Baltimore when city was segregated.
2. The cabinets stuffed to the brim needed to be organized.
3. Invented by an Indiana housewife in 1889, the first dishwasher
was driven by a steam engine.
4. The great fish moved silently through the night water, propelled
by short sweeps of its crescent tail.
5. The idiot lived in a black and gray world, punctuated by the white
lightning of hunger and the flickering of fear.

III. COORDINATION
is the joining of words, phrases, or clauses of the same type to give them equal
emphasis and importance. Also known as parataxis.
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Examples:
1. Jackson wanted to eat another piece of cake, but he was on a
2.
3.
4.
5.

diet.
Jennifer does not like to swim nor does she enjoy cycling.
Thomas will be late to work, for he has a dental appointment.
I am a vegetarian, so I dont eat any meat.
You can eat your cake with spoon or pork.

IV. PARALLELISM
is a balance within one or more sentences of similar phrases or clauses that have the
same grammatical structure. The application of parallelism improves writing style and
readability, and is thought to make sentences easier to process.

Examples:
1. Lacking parallelism: She likes cooking, jogging, and to read.
Parallel: She likes to cook, jog, and read.
2. Lacking parallelism: He likes to swim and running.
Parallel: He likes to swim and to run.
3. Lacking parallelism: The dog ran across the yard, jumped over the fence, and down
the alley sprinted.
Parallel: The dog ran across the yard, jumped over the fence, and sprinted down the
alley.

4. Lacking parallelism: You need to work quick and decisively.

Parallel: You need to work quickly and decisively.

5. Lacking parallelism: You may respond by call, visiting or e-mail.

Parallel: You may respond by calling, visiting or e-mailing.

V. MISPLACED MODIFIER
Is a modifier that is (mis) placed next to the wrong subject or noun in a sentence.
Examples:
1. Incorrect: We have a dog that eats popcorn named Sparky.
Correct: We have a dog named Sparky that eats popcorn.
2. Incorrect: Walking through the woods in autumn, leaves began falling from the
trees. Correct: Walking through the woods in autumn, I noticed the leaves falling
from the trees.

3. Incorrect: Tired of all of the nights in hotels, Mitch's delight was felt by Mitch
when his boss finally said he didn't have to travel anymore.
Correct: Tired of all of the nights in hotels, Mitch was delighted when his boss
finally said he didn't have to travel anymore.
4. Incorrect: She served sandwiches to the children on paper plates
Correct: She served the children sandwiches on paper plates.
5. Incorrect: He nearly drove the car for six hours a day.
Correct: He drove the car for nearly six hours a day.

VI. Run-on Sentences

A run-on is a sentence in which two or more independent clauses are joined without
an appropriate punctuation or conjunction.
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Examples:
1. Run-on: I told my roommate I would be late, she still locked me out.
Correct: Although I told my roommate I would be late, she still locked me out.
2. Run-on: Toni Marrison is a professor at Princeton University, she wrote the novel
The Bluest Eye.
Correct: Toni Marrison, a professor at Princeton University, wrote The Bluest
Eye.
3. Run-on: I told the children I would read to them they said they wanted to sit by
me so they could look at the pictures.
Correct: When I told the children I would read to them, they said they wanted to
sit by me so they could look at the pictures.
4. Run-on: Kelly likes to cook, she makes chicken every day.
Correct: Kelly likes to cook and she makes chicken every day.
5. Run-on: I love to write papers I would write someday if I had time.
Correct: Because I love to write papers, I would write someday if I had time.