13-week Report

DTU, Course 11080

Advanced Building design

Appendix 2 -Combination of loads,

partial safety factors
Vasile Daniel Mois
Subject 4

Team 03
s151263
04.12.2016

Appendix 2 -Combination of loads,

partial safety factors
Ultimate limits states
For the Geotechnical Design the following ultimate limit states, shall be verified in order not to
be exceeded:
- EQU - loss of equilibrium of the structure or the ground
- STR - internal failure or excessive deformation of the structure or structural elements
- GEO - failure or excessive deformation of the ground
- UPL - loss of equilibrium of the structure or ground due to uplift forces by water
pressure
- HYD - hydraulic heave, internal errosion and piping in the ground caused by
hydraulic gradients
For the fundamental design, combination of action for persistent or transient design situation
is done according to the following:

According to the data given in the Geotechnical Report, the project should be treated in a high
safety class. According to this the consequce class is defined according to EN1990 to CC3,
with a factor KFI correponding to realibility class RC3 having a value of 1.1. In the following
table, values for partial safety factors are presented.
KFI 1.1
Design
situation

Permanentactions
Unfavourable

Favourable

gGj,inf*Gkj,inf
KFI *gGj,sup*Gkj,sup
EQU,UPLand
1.1 gGj,inf
HYD(6.10) gGj,sup
STR,GEO
(6.10a)

KFI *gGj,sup*Gkj,sup

gGj,inf*Gkj,inf

(6.10b)

KFI *gGj,sup*Gkj,sup

gGj,inf*Gkj,inf

gGj,sup

gGj,inf

(6.10a)
(6.10b)

0.9

For
Forsoil
For
Forsoil
structural
and
structural
and
component water component water
1.2
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.9
1.0

Leading
variableaction

Accompanying
variableactions

KFI *gQ,1*Qk,1

KFI *gQ,i*0,i*Qk,i

gQ,1

gQ,1

1.5

1.5

KFI *gQ,1*Qk,1

KFI *gQ,i*0,i*Qk,i

gQ,1

gQ,1

1.50

1.50

13-week Report
DTU, Course 11080
Advanced Building design

Appendix 2 -Combination of loads,

partial safety factors
Vasile Daniel Mois
Subject 4

Team 03
s151263
04.12.2016

For the serviceability limit the following combination of action should be take into account:

Combinationtype
Characteristic

Permanentactions
Unfavourable
Favourable
Gkj,sup
Gkj,inf

Variableaction
Leading
Others
Qk,1
0,i*Qk,i

Frequent

Gkj,sup

Gkj,inf

1,1*Qk,1

2,i*Qk,i

Quasipermanent

Gkj,sup

Gkj,inf

2,1*Qk,1

2,i*Qk,i

Values for partial safety factors to be considered in the combinations are presented in the
following table.

PartialsafetyfactorsforEQU,UPLandHYDcombination:
0,i
Loadtype
Symbol Value
Unfavourable gG,dst
Favourable gG,sub

1.1
0.9

Variable,leadingload

gQ,dst

1.5

Variable,otherloading

gQ,dst

Permanentloads

0,i*1.5

Symbol

Value

Angleofshearingresistance

g?'

1.25

Effectivecohesion

gc'

1.25

Undrainedshearstrength

gcu

1.4

Weightdensity

gg

1.0

PartialsafetyfactorsforSTRandGEOcombination:
Value
Loadtype
Symbol
A1 A2
1.35 1.00
Unfavourable gG,dst
Permanentloads
Favourable gG,sub
1.00 1.00
gQ,dst
Variable,leadingload
1.50 1.30
Variable,otherloading

gQ,dst

1.50

0.7

PartialfactorsforsoilparametersinEQU,UPLandHYD
Soilparameter

KFI

1.30

PartialfactorsforsoilparametersinSTRandGEO
Value
Soilparameter
Symbol
M1 M2
g?'
1.00 1.25
Angleofshearingresistance
gc'
1.00 1.25
Effectivecohesion
Undrainedshearstrength

gcu

1.00

1.40

Weightdensity

gg

1.00

1.00

Totalvalue
1.1

1.21
0.90

1.1

1.65

1.1

1.16

13-week Report
DTU, Course 11080
Advanced Building design

Appendix 2 -Combination of loads,

partial safety factors
Vasile Daniel Mois
Subject 4

In the following the partial resistance factors will be presented.

1. Partial resistance factors for spread foundation
The following partial factors will be used in this case:
1.1 R;v - on bearing resistance
1.2 R;h - on sliding resistance

2. Partial resistance factors for pile foundations

The following partial factors will be used:
2.1 b - base resistance;
2.2 s - shaft resistance for piles in compression;
2.3 t - total/combined resistance for piles in compression;
2.4 s;t - shaft resistance for piles in tension;

3. Partial resistance factors for pre-stressed anchorages:

The following partial factors will be used:
3.1 a;t - temporary anchorages;
3.2 a;p - permanent anchorages;

Team 03
s151263
04.12.2016

13-week Report
DTU, Course 11080
Advanced Building design

Appendix 2 -Combination of loads,

partial safety factors
Vasile Daniel Mois
Subject 4

Team 03
s151263
04.12.2016

4. Partial resistance factors for retainig structures:

The following partial factors will be used:
4.1 R;v -bearing capacity;
4.2 R;h -sliding resistance;
4.3 R;e - earth resistance;

Accoring to EN 1997-1, three design approaches are proposed which distribute the partial
factors in different ways.
For the current project only 2 design approaches will be used, 2 and 3, which are more
relevant.
Design approach 2 will be used for the retaining structure, while design approach 3 will be used
for the pile foundation.
Combinations according to the design approaches are presented in the following.
Design Approach 2:
A1+M1+R2
Design Approach 3:
A1+M2+R3
A2+M2+R3
Note: In design approach 3, A1 is used for structural action and A2 is used for geotechnical
actions.
For the design of the mat foundation, the combination of action will be obtained accordgin to
DS EN 1997-1 DK 2013, for which the safety factors are presented in the following table.
De sign Approach

Limit state

STR/GEO

Load combination

Permanent Load
Variable
loads,
building

Unfabourable G;sup

A1 or A2
1,2K FI

1,0K FI

1,2

1,0

1,0

G;inf

1,0

0,9

1,0

0,9

1,0

Unfabourable G;sup

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

G;inf

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

1,0

Favourable
Weight of the soil
and water,
geotechnical
construction

Partial coe fficie nts

Self-weight, general

STR

Favourable

Dominant

Unfavourable Q,1

1,5K FI

1.5

Others

Unfavourable Q,i

1,5 0 K FI 0

1,5

13-week Report
DTU, Course 11080
Advanced Building design

Appendix 2 -Combination of loads,

partial safety factors
Vasile Daniel Mois
Subject 4

Team 03
s151263
04.12.2016

Value of 0 is taken as 0.6 according to EN 1990 DK NA:2007.

Designcombinationtobeused
Partialsafetyfactor

Combination
2
3
1.1
1.2

gG

1
1.32

4
1

gQ

1.65

1.5

gQ,i

0.99

0.9

Having the above safety coeeficients, the following load combinations will be used:
Design combination 1: 1.32G 0 Q 0 Qi
Design combination 2: 1.10G 1.65 Q 0.99 Qi
Design combination 3: 1.2G 0 Q 0 Qi
Design combination 4: 1.00 G 1.50 Q 0.9 Qi
Where:
- G is the dead load
- Q is the live load
- Qi other live load (ex: wind)
Total values of the loads are presented in the following tabels.

Axialforcefromthemainbuildingfordifferentcombination
Combinations
1
2
3
4
Axialforce,
N[MN]

960.954

1063.66

873.595

966.962

Axialforcefromtheonecolumnintheparkingextensionfordifferentcombination
Combinations
1
2
3
4
Axialforce,
N[kN]

1304.15

1421.57

1185.59

1327.29