Microcontrolere i automate programabile __________________________________________________________

Curs 1 - Microcontrolerul

MICROCONTROLERUL

1.1. Microcontroler contra Microprocesor

Microprocesorul, uneori numit i procesor, este unitatea central de prelucrare a
informaiei (CPU) a unui calculator sau sistem structurat funcional, care coordoneaz sistemul i
care, fizic, se prezint sub forma unui cip electronic, [2].
Microcontrolerul este o structur electronic destinat controlului unui proces sau, mai
general, este un microcircuit care incorporeaz o unitate central (CPU) i o memorie mpreun
cu resurse care-i permit interaciunea cu mediul exterior.
Microcontrolerul difer de un microprocesor n multe feluri. n primul rnd i cel mai
important este funcionalitatea sa. Pentru a fi folosit, unui microprocesor trebuie s i se adauge
alte componente ca memorie i componente pentru primirea i trimiterea de date.
Pe de alt parte, microcontrolerul este proiectat s fie toate acestea ntr-unul singur. Nu
sunt necesare alte componente externe pentru utilizarea sa pentru c toate perifericele necesare
sunt deja incluse n el. Astfel, economisim timpul i spaiul necesare pentru construirea de
aparate.

Fig. 1.1. Microcontroler contra Microprocesor

1/5

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