Electrostatic shield, earth screen usefulness in transformer (Bet'n HV-LV)

PRAVIN K. SONAGARAAsst. Manager Design at Voltamp Transformers Limited

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Hugh Leyton
Hugh Leyton
Electrical & Telecommunications Engineer
Hi PRAVIN,

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So what is your question or discussion. ?

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Alan Maltz
Alan Maltz
Chief Electrical Engineer, RAM Consulting
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Hugh, I suspect that Pravin, is trying to decide if it is necessary to include these shielding devices in the
transformer that he wants to mimic, but he has not told us the ratings or uses so it's difficult to answer his
question.

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Alan
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PRAVIN K. SONAGARA
PRAVIN K. SONAGARA
Asst. Manager Design at Voltamp Transformers Limited

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Application of aluminium /copper shield bet'n HV-LV, for any rating of X'mer.
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Hugh Leyton
Hugh Leyton
Electrical & Telecommunications Engineer
Hi PRAVIN,
But what is your question. ?

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Electricity can travel short distances by Magnetic means and Electrostatic means, particularly the higher
frequencies and Noise components. ... We want the fundamental AC power to cross from one side to the other,
doing its Transformer job. . . . But we do not want Noise and other electrostatic elements getting across from one
side to the other. .. .So an electrical conducting, but non magnetic material can be included between the Primary
and Secondary sides, to reduce these unwanted Noise elements.
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Dean A. (Tony) Stewart

Dean A. (Tony) Stewart
Owner, Second Source Electronics
Shields are most often used for RF ingress and egress which is great for ElectroMagnetic Compatabiliity (EMC)
with the environment. High impedance E fields ( from voltage) and low impedance H fields ( from current) can
be both conducted and radiated.
But how does this impact on dielectric strength and margin or excitation for Partial Discharge?
It is unknown since it all depends on the level and location of invisible contaminants, voids and particulate
matter which becomes the carriers for static charge. Since electrons (-) excited in conductors can escape orbit
easier than heavy protons (+). But the emission of - charges slowly attracts the migration of free (+) charges,
when they make contact, usually in clumps of charge, and often in layers like a double electric layer capacitor,
the result is an avalanche effect called partial discharge.
Now if you know that air can easily contain 100k to > 1m particles per cubic foot and a clean room such as Class
100 contains 100 particles per cubic foot.
Do you flakes of silicate coating on sharp edges of steel laminate are contamination? (CRGOS coatings are thin,
strong, brittle, crystalline, invisible ( um size), insulative and magnetic and easily become charges in motion in
oil.
How can it be magnetic? Silicate particles are micron size and tear off lots of iron particles. The edges are
thinner than a razer and easily damaged by the weight of a core down the roller track line.

Where does it go? Where it is attracted or repelled by EM forces.

Does this mean it is a magnetic static charged particle?
YES
Essentially you have a particle accelerator for static charges somewhere and if the distance travelled is short, it
just clings and accelerate and detonate on impact creating H2 generation partly absorbed in oil which is hard for
H2 because it is so light it would rather escape the oil. So a steady build-up is offset by a steady escape of H2
from the oil ending up in the head.
Now do you need an EM Shield?
I would say it depends your history of H2 generation in DGA when transformer TYPE tests are done for stress
tests. The easiest method for detecting this is a simple PD sensor.using UHF probe or shorted loop around
ground braid or a CT to a high speed scope with 50 OHm terminated UHF coax.
So where would you put the EM shield? Depends where PD detonation occurs, which is hard to see since it
occurs in ~10ns
.
Remember particles are unavoidable, which is the carrier for charges.
When opposite charges attract with a breakdown of >25V/um and the particle sizes are tiny. We're talking
only<100V tiny PD discharges across 4um particle gaps.or even smaller with sub-micron particles..
So it depends on how many factors.

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But keep in mind it is an Electro-STATIC Shield not just an ElectroMAGNETIC shield for RF.
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Michel Belanger
Michel Belanger
Transformer specialist, Diagnostic. Join my group "Transformer Diagnostic Software, Free and Open
Source"
Pravin,
The electrostatic shield is simply a grounded quasi single turn of conductive nonferrous foil placed between coils
to divert primary noise to ground. It is quasi because the foil enclose the winding but the ends turn do not touch,
otherwise it would be a short-circuit. The conductive foil completely enclosing the windings will provide a
ground path for primary circuit noise and has the advantage that a very much smaller capacitance (CHL) exists
between primary and secondary coils. The enclosing shield will not re-radiate the noise signal.

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Transformers with electrostatic shields are used for power supplies for sensitive equipment such as computers or
laboratory instruments. If the user need an isolated ground for its computer complex, then an electrostatic shield
will most likely equip the transformer.
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PRAVIN K. SONAGARA
PRAVIN K. SONAGARA
Asst. Manager Design at Voltamp Transformers Limited

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Thanks Michel Belanger, for your valuable cooment, i much more like to anybody else more distinguished the
same
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Arne Petersen
Arne Petersen
Consulting Engineeer - Transformer Technology at Earlsferry House

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Electrostatic shield may also be useful in limiting the capacitive transferred voltage between HV and LV
Windings if the capacitance between the winding and the windings to ground and their respective BIL is such
that the transferred voltage could exceed say 75 % of BIL of the non impulsed winding during test or if exposed
to excessively high transferred transient voltages in subsequent service.
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Dean A. (Tony) Stewart

Dean A. (Tony) Stewart
Owner, Second Source Electronics
Arne wouldn't the coupling capacitance be the same, but now shunted in the middle so RF transfer impedance is
reduced.
But adding a conductive plane closer to the HV , how does that increase the BDV margin in this path or reduce
any BIL failures in this path unless they are triggered by rapid by PD.
I agree however capacitive coupling implies primary impulse to secondary reduction determined by load
capacitance.
In small <1kW transformers I have measured 1V out per kV discharge in with a rectifier cap load.. Not tried
MVA types for pass-thru common mode (CM) transients. It's not a Type test either.

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Arne Petersen
Arne Petersen
Consulting Engineeer - Transformer Technology at Earlsferry House
The electrostatic shield is earthed and positioned within the first insulating cylinder out from LV to HV. An
earthed semi conductive shield positioned as an intermediate layer within the transformer board cylinder is an
ideally shaped electrode with low surface stress. The increase required in the radial insulation distance from LV
to HV winding is therefore small.
Insertion of an earthed electrostatic shield between LV and HV windings is often used in High voltage generator
step up transformers, Static Var Compensator transformers or other transformers where the ratio between the
HV-LV capacitance and LV to Core (earth) capacitance can be such that the capacitive transferred voltage of fast
transients (Impulse or lightning strikes to the HV side O/head lines) may exceed the BIL of the LV winding. An
earthed electrostatic shield positioned between the HV and the LV close to the LV winding will protect the LV
winding from excessive capacitive transferred voltages.

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Other alternative remedies can be to add shunt capacitors to the LV terminals, which reduces the capacitive
transferred voltage by increasing the LV to ground capacitance and therefore also the ratio of the LV to ground
capacitance vs. HV-LV inter winding capacitance. [ Changes the ratio of the Capacitive Voltage Divider]
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PRAVIN K. SONAGARA
PRAVIN K. SONAGARA
Asst. Manager Design at Voltamp Transformers Limited
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thanks a lot for all of you, knowledge of yours sharing with us. it is very helpful to us.
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PRAVIN K. SONAGARA
PRAVIN K. SONAGARA
Asst. Manager Design at Voltamp Transformers Limited
thanks a lot for all of you, knowledge of yours sharing with us. it is very helpful to us.