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RELATIVE CLAUSES IN NARRATIVE AND DESCRIPTIVE TEXTS
TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN
Setelah mempelajari materi ini, kamu diharapkan memiliki kemampuan berikut.
1.
Memahami fungsi dan bentuk relative clause.
2.
Mengidentifikasi relative clause dalam teks naratif dan deskriptif.
3.
Memahami cara menghubungkan dua kalimat dengan menggunakan relative pronoun.
4.
Menggunakan relative clause untuk mendeskripsikan sesuatu.
Perhatikanlah cerita mengenai The Princess and The Pea di bawah ini!
The Princess and The Pea
Once upon a time there was a prince who wanted to marry a princess; but she would have to
be a real princess. He travelled all over the world to find one, but nowhere could he get what
he wanted. There were princesses enough, but it was difficult to find out whether they were
real ones. There was always something about them that was not as it should be. So he came
home again and was sad, for he would have liked very much to have a real princess.
One evening a terrible storm came on; there was thunder and lightning, and the rain poured
down in torrents. Suddenly a knocking was heard at the city gate, and the old king went to
open it.
It was a princess who stood out there in front of the gate. But, good gracious! What a sight
the rain and the wind had made her look. The water ran down from her hair and clothes; it

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ran down into the toes of her shoes and out again at the heels. And yet she said that she was
a real princess.
Well, we'll soon find that out, thought the old queen. But she said nothing, went into the
bed-room, took all the bedding off the bedstead, and laid a pea on the bottom; then she
took twenty mattresses and laid them on the pea, and then twenty eider-down beds on top
of the mattresses. On this the princess had to lie all night. In the morning she was asked how
she had slept.
"Oh, very badly!" she said. "I have scarcely closed my eyes all night. Heaven only knows what
was in the bed, but I was lying on something hard, so that I am black and blue all over my
body. It's horrible!"
Now they knew that she was a real princess because she had felt the pea right through the
twenty mattresses and the twenty eider-down beds. Nobody but a real princess could be as
sensitive as that.
So the prince took her for his wife, for now he knew that he had a real princess; and the pea
was put in the museum, where it may still be seen, if no one has stolen it.
Taken from: eastoftheweb.com

Vocab Corner
Rain poured down in torrents
Good gracious
Toes
Scarcely
Bedstead
Pea
Eiderdown

:
:
:
:
:
:
:

heavy rain
expression of surprise
foot fingers
hardly
bed framework
green-seed peanut
bedcover

Pertanyaan:
1.

Who are the characters in the story?

2.

What is the prince looking for?

3.

Where did the old king find the princess?

4.

How did the princess look like when the old king found her?

5.

How did the old queen find out that the girl was a real princess?

6.

What happened to the pea in the end of the story?

Perhatikan klausa berikut ini pada teks!

-

there was a prince who wanted to marry a princess.

It was a princess who stood out there in front of the gate.

Klausa yang dicetak miring disebut relative clause yang berfungsi untuk menjelaskan kata
benda (noun) yang muncul sebelumnya. Di dalam relative clause terdapat relative pronoun,
seperti who, whom, whose, which, that, when, dan where.

Super " Solusi Quipper"

Relative clause = Adjective
Pola:
Noun + relative pronoun
who
whom
which
that
whose
when
where

A.

RELATIVE CLAUSE

Relative clause adalah klausa yang diawali dengan relative pronoun.

Relative clause berfungsi sebagai adjective (kata sifat) yang menjelaskan kata benda
(noun).

Relative clause menjawab pertanyaan which one.

Untuk lebih memahami relative pronoun dan fungsinya sebagai adjective, perhatikan
simulasi pembentukan kalimat berikut.

a.

Adjective in noun phrase (melengkapi noun)

I admire that artist.
S

Which artist? that artist.

I admire that brilliant artist.
S

V
Adj.

Noun

Which artist? that brilliant artist.

b.

Adjective in a clause (adjective di dalam kalimat)

Relative clause berfungsi untuk menghubungkan dua kalimat independen menjadi satu
kalimat kompleks (complex sentence).
1.

I admire that artist who organizes an orphanage foundation.

S

RP

Relative clause
Kalimat kompleks di atas dibentuk dari dua kalimat independen berikut.

I admire that artist.

The artist organizes an orphanage foundation.

Which artist do I admire? the artist who organizes an orphanage foundation.

Note:

2.

Who adalah relative pronoun.

Who organizes an orphanage foundation adalah relative clause yang menerangkan

the artist.

The new store that sells bread and cake over there is giving out some discount.
S

RP

Relative clause

Kalimat kompleks di atas dibentuk dari dua kalimat independen berikut.

The new store sells bread and cake.

The new store is giving out some discount.

Which stores is giving out some discount? the store that sells bread and cake.

Super "Solusi Quipper"

Relative clause menjawab pertanyaan which one.

Dari simulasi tersebut, bisa disimpukan bahwa relative pronoun (who, whom, whose,
which, when, where) akan membentuk relative clause.

B.

FUNCTION OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS

Berikut ini adalah fungsi relative pronoun.
a.

Who digunakan untuk menggantikan subjek orang,yaitu I, you, we, they, he, dan
she
Untuk memahami cara menghubungkan dua kalimat dengan menggunakan who
dan which, perhatikan simulasi berikut!
-

The old woman is the owner of the hotel.

She walks graciously.

Gabungan dari dua kalimat di atas adalah:

The old woman who walks graciously is the owner of the hotel.
b.

Whom digunakan untuk menggantikan objek orang,yaitu me, you, us, them, him,
dan her
Perhatikan simulasi penggabungan dua kalimat berikut!
-

The old woman is the owner of the hotel.

I phoned her yesterday.

Gabungan dari dua kalimat di atas adalah:

The old woman whom I phoned yesterday is the owner of the hotel.

c.

Which digunakan untuk menggantikan subjek maupun objek berupa benda

Perhatikan simulasi penggabungan dua kalimat berikut!
-

The book is very famous.

The book was published last year.

The combination of above sentences is:

The book which was published last year is very famous.
-

I really like the T-shirt.

I bought the T-shirt in the city fair last week.

Gabungan dari dua kalimat di atas adalah:

I really like the T-shirt which I bought in the city fair last week.
d.

That digunakan untuk menggantikan subjek atau objek untuk orang dan benda
Perhatikan simulasi penggabungan dua kalimat berikut!
-

The accident happened last night.

The accident killed three people in the car.

The combination of above sentences is:

The accident that happened last night killed three people in the car.
-

You should thank the people.

The people have helped you a lot.

Gabungan dari dua kalimat di atas adalah:

You should thank the people that have helped you a lot.
e.

Whose digunakan untuk menggantikan kata ganti kepemilikan (possessive

pronoun), yaitu my, your, our, their, her, his dan its
Perhatikan simulasi penggabungan dua kalimat berikut!
-

The old woman is the owner of the hotel.

Her car hit the tree yesterday.

Gabungan dari dua kalimat di atas adalah:

The old woman whose car hit the tree yesterday is the owner of the hotel.

f.

When digunakan untuk menggantikan waktu dan where digunakan untuk

menggantikan tempat
Perhatikan simulasi penggabungan dua kalimat berikut!
-

Do you remember the day?

We first met on the day.

Gabungan dari dua kalimat di atas adalah:

Do you remember the day when we first met?
AND
-

The villa is very nice.

We stayed during holiday there.

Gabungan dari dua kalimat di atas adalah:

The villa where we stayed during the holiday is very nice.
Pada umumnya, selain menggunakan relative pronoun untuk menghubungkan dua
kalimat yang memiliki makna identik, kita juga dapat menggunakan present participle
(Verbing) dan past participle (Verb3) dengan cara menghilangkan relative pronoun yang
melekat pada kalimat.
Perhatikan simulasi berikut!

I know the man who works with my father.

I know the man working with my father (menghilangkan who)
Present participle

I found the store which sells a variety of furniture.

I found the store selling a variety of furniture (menghilangkan which)
Present participle

I received the letter which was sent by you.

I received the letter sent by you (menghilangkan which dan to be was)
Past participle

I congratulated the lady who was elected the Head of the Department.
I congratulated the lady elected the Head of the Department. (menghilangkan who
dan to be was)
Past participle

Super "Solusi Quipper"

Relative clause
Noun + Ving
Noun + V3

Perhatikan beberapa contoh teks naratif dan deskriptif yang menggunakan relative
clause berikut!
Teks 1
One of the most interesting places to visit in Singapore is the bird park. It is located in
the industrial area of Singapore, called Jurong. The bird park is about twelve kilometers
from the center of the city, and its easy to get there by bus or by taxi.
It is one of the largest bird park in the world. The birds are kept in large cages, and
there are hundreds of beautiful birds from many different parts of the world, including
penguins, parrots, eagles, and ostriches. There is a large lake in the park, with a restaurant
beside it, and there is also a very large cage where you can walk inside to get closer looking
at the birds.
It takes about two hours to see all the birds. You can walk around the park or ride on
the bus. The best time to visit the park is in the early morning or late afternoon, when it is
cooler.
Taken from: UN-SMA-2008/2009-PAKET-15

Relative clause di dalam teks tersebut adalah:

1.

There is also a very large cage where you can walk inside to get closer looking at the
birds.
Relative clause di atas berasal dari dua kalimat, yaitu sebagai berikut.
-

There is a very large cage.

You can walk inside the cage to get closer looking at the birds.

2.

The best time to visit the park is in the early morning or late afternoon, when it is
cooler.
Relative clause di atas berasal dari dua kalimat, yaitu sebagai berikut.
-

The best time to visit the park is in the early morning or late afternoon.

It is cooler in the early morning or late afternoon.

Teks 2
Jack and The Beanstalks
Once upon a time there was a poor widow who had an only son named Jack. They were
so poor that they didn't have anything except a cow. When the cow had grown too old,
his mother sent Jack to the market to sell it.
On the way to the market, Jack met a butcher who had some beautiful beans in his hand.
The butcher told the boy that the beans were of great value and persuaded the silly fad
to sell the cow for the beans. Jack bought them happily. When he told his mother about
this, his mother became so angry that she threw the beans out of the window.
When Jack woke up in the morning, he felt the sun shining into a part of his room but all
the rest was quite dark and shady. So he jumped to the window. What did he see? The
beanstalk grew up quite close past Jack's window. He opened the window and jumped to
the beanstalk which ran up just like a big ladder.
He climbed.... and climbed till at last he reached the sky. While looking around, he saw
a very huge castle. He was very amazed. Then Jack walked along the path leading to
the castle. There was a big tall woman on the doorstep. Jack greeted her and asked for
the giantess mercy to give him breakfast, because he felt very hungry. Although the
giantess grumbled at first, finally she gave Jack a hunk of bread and cheese and a jug
of milk.
Jack hadn't finished when the whole house, began to tremble with the noise of
someone's coming. "Oh! It's my husband!" cried the giantess. "What on earth shall I
do?" Hastily the giantess opened a very big cupboard and hid Jack there.
Taken from: UN-SMA-2016

Relative clause di dalam teks tersebut adalah sebagai berikut.

1.

There was a poor widow who had an only son named Jack.
Relative clause di atas berasal dari dua kalimat, yaitu sebagai berikut.

2.

There was a poor widow.

She had an only son named Jack.

Jack met a butcher who had some beautiful beans in his hand
Relative clause di atas berasal dari dua kalimat, yaitu sebagai berikut.

3.

Jack met a butcher.

He had some beautiful beans in his hand.

He opened the window and jumped to the beanstalk which ran up just like a big
ladder.
Relative clause di atas berasal dari dua kalimat, yaitu sebagai berikut.
-

He opened the window and jumped to the beanstalk.

The beanstalk ran up just like a big ladder.

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