PRACTICAL NO.

AIM: To study level measurement using differential pressure transmitter.

APPARATUS: Tank, DP transmitter, multimeter, power supply
THEORY:
One of the most common, and most useful, pressure measuring instruments in
industry is the differential pressure transmitter. This device senses the difference in
pressure between two ports and outputs a signal representing that pressure in
relation to a calibrated range.

PRINCIPLE & WORKING:

Differential pressure level measurement technique makes use of a differential
pressure detector which is installed at the bottom of the tank whose level is to be
detected. The liquid inside the tank creates pressure which is comparatively higher
than the reference atmospheric pressure. This pressure comparison is performed via
the Differential pressure detector.
In case of open tanks i.e. tanks which are open to the atmosphere, only high
pressure ends of the DP transmitter is needed to be connected whereas the low
pressure end of the DP transmitter is expelled into the atmosphere. Hence, the
differential pressure happens to be the hydrostatic head or weight of the fluid
contained in the tank.
The highest level detected by the differential pressure transmitter usually depends
upon the maximum height of fluid above the transmitter, whereas the lowest level
detected is based upon the position where the transmitter is attached to the tank or
vessel.
Now, in cases where tanks or vessels are not open to the atmosphere i.e.
in pressurized tanks, both the high and low pressure ends of the differential
pressure detector are required to be connected. These tanks are entirely covered in
order to avoid release of vapors or steam outside. Due to this, the liquid inside the
tank gets pressurized.

CONSTRUCTION:
External Indicator Connection -Connect wiring for external indicators to the CHECK
+ and terminals.

Setting the Range Using the Range-setting Switch

With actual pressure being applied to the transmitter ,the range-setting switch
(push-button) located on the optional integral indicator plate and the external zero
adjustment screw allow users to change (re-range) the low- and high-limit values for
the measurement range(LRV and HRV) without using BT200. However, other
changes in the display settings (scale range and engineering unit) for the integral
indicator require BT200.
Follow the procedure below to change the LRV and HRV settings.
[Example]
Rearrange LRV to 0 and HRV to 3 MPa.
1) Connect the transmitter and apparatus as shown and warm up for at least
five
minutes.
2) Press the range-setting push-button. The integral indicator then displays
LSET.
3) Apply a pressure of 0 kPa (atmospheric pressure) to the transmitter.
4) Turn the external zero-adjustment screw in the desired direction. The integral
indicator displays the output signal in %. (Note 2)
5) Adjust the output signal to 0% (1 V DC) by rotating the external zeroadjustment screw. Doing so
completes the LRV setting.
6) Press the range-setting push-button. The integral indicator then displays
HSET.
7) Apply a pressure of 3 MPa to the transmitter. (Note 1)
8) Turn the external zero-adjustment screw in the desired direction. The integral
indicator displays the output signal in %. (Note 2)
9) Adjust the output signal to 100% (5 V DC) by rotating the external zeroadjustment screw. Doing
so completes the HRV setting.
10)
Press the range-setting push-button. The transmitter then switches
back to the normal operation mode with the measurement range of 0 to 3
MPa.

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS:
For Yokogawa DP transmitter
model: EJA110A
Supply: 24 V DC
Calibration range: 0-1000 mmH2O
Output: 4-20 mA DC
for fuji DP transmitter:
model: FKKT35VI-LHCYY-AAZ
Supply: 42.4V DC (maximum)
Calibration range: 0-10000 mmWC
Output: 4-20 mA DC

PROCEDURE:
Connect DC power supply to the DP transmitter as shown above.
Adjust 24 V DC in the power supply.
Check terminals is connected to DMM.
Tube filled with water is kept at the height same as the height of DP
transmitter.
5. Change the height gradually and the output in form of mA is recorded.
6. Note down the observations.
1.
2.
3.
4.

OBSERVATION TABLE:
Sr
no.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

For pressure (mmH2O)

Current (mA)

6.
7.
8.
9.

ADVANTAGES:
Following are the major advantages associated with techniques of level
measurement using differential pressure.
Differential pressure based level sensors can be easily mounted or retrofitted
to the surface of the vessel.
To carry out maintenance and testing, these sensors can be provided with
block valves for isolating them carefully from the process liquid.
They can be easily applied in level measurement applications such as total
level in separator vessels where other level measurement devices are not
feasible owing to the extensive changes in material formation experienced in
the upper state.

DISADVANTAGES:
Use of differential pressure transmitters includes few drawbacks too, which are
mentioned below:
Errors can get introduced in the measurements if the density of the process
fluid varies because of reasons such as temperature variations or change of
process. Hence, the density of the process must always be maintained
constant in order to get accurate results.
Differential pressure transmitter works well with clean liquids only. Besides, it
necessitates two vessel penetrations for its operation, out of which one is
installed near the vessel base where leakage happens.
Their use is always avoided with liquids such as paper pulp stock since they
result in solidification upon rise in their concentrations.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS:
There are unlimited industrial applications of Differential Pressure Transmitters.
Oil and Gas flow metering in onshore, offshore and subsea applications.
Water and effluent treatment plants. It is largely used to monitor filters in
these plants.
It is used to monitor Sprinkler Systems.
Remote sensing of Heating Systems for Steam or Hot Water.
Pressure drops across valves can be monitored.
Pump control monitoring.

CONCLUSION: