5990 3958zha PDF

LTE
Volume 3
LTE (Long Term Evolution)

RF Conformance & Design Verification
Test Update
LTE
LTE
7th, April, 2009

Agilent Technologies
Jeffrey Chen
Jeffrey-cy_chen@agilent.com
GS-8800 User Group Meeting
LTE Market Development / Intro Timelines

FPGA to ASIC Design
Handset Integration
Transition
Pilot Production
RF Validation & Verification
LTE UE Test
Requirement
timelines
L1/PHY UL/DL
RLC/MAC
PDCP
Digital IQ I/O
RF Interface
Protocol Conformance Test
Production Test
RF Conformance Test
RF Measurements w/ Link
2x2 DL MIMO
3GPP TS36.101 & 133 (Core Spec)
3GPP Spec
Development
3GPP TS36.508 (RB test mode)
& GCF/PTCRB
3GPP TS36.521-1 & 523-1 (Test Method)
timelines
LTE UE
development
& intro
timelines
GCF/PTCRB TP Validation
GCF/PTCRB UE Validation
Early commercial
chipsets
Early pre-release
handsets
1st commercial
handsets
Commercial Handset
Development
RF Design
ASIC based
Implementations
Early Protos
FPGA based
Q1
Q2
Q3
2007
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
2008
Q4
Q1
Q2
Early trial
network
deployment
1st live
network
deployment
Q3
Q1
2009
Q4
Q2
Q3
Q4
2010
Wireless Test World 2008
3GPP LTE RF Test Specification

Overview
TS 36.101 V8.4
V8.4.0 (2009
(2009-01) EE-UTRA UE RF TX/RX Core Specification (RAN4)
Section 6 Transmitter Characteristics

Section 7 Receiver Characteristics
Section 8 Performance Requirement
TS 36.133 V8.4
V8.4.0 (2009
(2009-01) EE-UTRA RRM Core Specification (RAN4)
Section 4 E-UTRAN RRC_IDLE state mobility (Cell Selection/Re-selection)

Section 5 E-UTRAN RRC_CONNECTED state mobility (Handover)
Section 6 RRC Connection Mobility Control
Section 7 Timing and signalling characteristics
Section 8 UE Measurements Procedures in RRC_CONNECTED State
Section 9 Measurements performance requirements for UE
Section 10 Measurements Performance Requirements for E-UTRAN
TS 36.52136.521-1 V8.0.1
V8.0.1 (2009
(2009-01) EE-UTRA UE RF Conformance Spec Part 1 Conformance Test (RAN5
- RF)
Section 6 Transmitter Characteristics

Section 7 Receiver Characteristics
Section 8 Performance Requirement
Section 9 Reporting of CQI/PMI
Agilent is Rapporteur
TS 36.52136.521-3 V0.2.0 (2008(2008-06) EE-UTRA UE RF Conformance Spec Part 3 RRM Conformance (RAN5
- RF)
Section 4 Requirements for support of RRM
Agilent is Rapporteur
TS 36.521-1 Section 6 Transmitter

Test
6.2
Transmit power
6.2.2
UE Maximum Output Power
6.2.3
Maximum Power Reduction (MPR)
6.3
Output Power Dynamics
6.6
6.6.1
6.6.2
Output RF spectrum emissions

Occupied bandwidth
Out of band emission
6.6.2.1
Spectrum Emission Mask
6.3.1
Power Control
6.6.2.2
Additional Spectrum Emission Mask
6.3.2
Minimum Output Power
6.6.2.3
Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio
6.3.3
Transmission ON/OFF Power
6.6.2.4
Additional ACLR requirements
6.4
6.4.4
6.5
Control and monitoring functions

Out-of sync handling of output power
Transmit signal quality
6.5.1
Frequency error
6.5.2.1
Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)
6.5.2.2
IQ-component
6.5.2.3
In-band emissions for non allocated RB
6.6.3
6.6.3.1
6.6.3.2
6.6.3.3
6.7
Spurious emissions
Transmitter Spurious emissions
Spurious emission band UE coexistence
Additional Spurious emissions
Transmit intermodulation
TS 36.521-1 Section 7 Receiver Test

7.3
Reference sensitivity level
7.4
Maximum input level

Adjacent Channel Selectivity
(ACS)
Blocking characteristics
7.5
7.6
7.6.1
In-band blocking
7.6.2
Out of-band blocking
7.6.3
Narrow band blocking

Spurious response
7.8
Intermodulation characteristics
7.8.1
7.8.2
7.9
LTE
7.7
Wide band Intermodulation

Narrow band Intermodulation
Spurious emissions
TS 36.521-1 Section 8 Performance

Test
8.2
Demodulation of PDSCH (Cell-Specific Reference Symbols)
8.2.1.1 FDD PDSCH Single-antenna port Performance (Cell-Specific Ref. Symbols)

8.2.1.2 FDD PDSCH Transmit Diversity Performance (Cell-Specific Reference Symbols)
FDD PDSCH Open-loop spatial multiplexing performance (Cell Specific Ref.
8.2.1.3
Symbols)
FDD PDSCH Closed-loop spatial multiplexing performance (Cell-Specific Ref.
8.2.1.4
Symbols)
8.3
Demodulation of PDSCH (User-Specific Reference Symbols)
8.4
Demodulation of PCFICH/PDCCH
8.4.1.1 FDD PCFICH/PDCCH Single-antenna port Performance

8.4.1.2 FDD PCFICH/PDCCH Transmit Diversity Performance
8.5
Demodulation of PHICH
8.5.1.1 FDD PHICH Single-antenna port Performance

8.5.1.2 FDD PHICH Transmit Diversity Performance
8.6
Demodulation of PBCH
Agilent LTE RF Test System Solution

Design Verification Test (DVT) & RF Conformance
Test (RCT)
Fully integrated, scalable and upgradeable Design Verification Test
solution
Baseband FADER and MIMO feature are integrated into OBT
Scalable configuration including Super Lite, Lite, DVT and RCT
MXA base Forced Test Mode LTE TX tester : Available Now

GS-8862 Design Verification Test Lite System Release 1.0 : 2009-Q3
Support in-CH TX and RX test cases with Performance test in the future
GS-8871 Full Rack Design Verification Test System Release 2.0 : 2010-Q1
Supports TS 36.521-1 S6 (TX), S7 (RX) and S8 (Performance) test cases.
Section 9 will be planned after 3GPP specification become matured enough to design
solution.
Some TS 36.521-3 RRM test cases will be supported as DVT solution.
GS-8891 LTE RCT (RF Conformance Test) System

Smooth transition to through GCF and PTCRB validation
*Preliminary and Subject to Change

Agilent GS-8861 LTE RF Design

Verification Test Super Lite System
LTE RF Design
Verification System
LTE RF Design
Verification System
DUT
*Preliminary and Subject to Change

Agilent GS-8862 LTE RF Design

Verification Test Lite System
LTE RF Design
Verification System
LTE RF Design
Verification System
Preliminary and Subject to Change

Agilent GS-8871 LTE RF Design Verification Test

Standard Test System
GS-8891 RCT will most likely share same system design
Preliminary and Subject to Change

LTE
DUT
Agilent LTE RF Design Verification &

Conformance Test Solutions
Provides efficient RF parametric and performance measurements for
development, design verification, pre-conformance and conformance
test of LTE UE - Reduce test costs and accelerate time to market
Key Features
GS-8861 Super Lite system
Compliant to 3GPP TS 36.521-1 requirements

Support S6 TX test, S7 RX test, and S8 Performance test
Smooth transition to LTE RF Conformance System

The LTE Design Verification Test System can be easily upgraded to the LTE RF
Conformance Test System certified by GCF and PTCRB in the future
Fully integrated, Scalable and Upgradeable DV solution

Baseband Fader and MIMO feature are integrated into E6620A wireless test
set which is core of the system. Scalable configuration includes SuperLite,
Lite, DVT and RCT systems similar to GS-8800 2G-3G solutions. Support all
UTRA bands ( 1 to 14 and 17) by adding filter modules for Spur and Blocking
GS-8862 Lite system
Contribute all development stages from RF module to UE

Provide test tool for RF module level evaluation, prototype UE evaluation
and commercial UE design verification and pre-conformance testing
Agilent Global support

Dedicated system engineer support from local Agilent offices.
GS-8871 & GS-8891 Standard system
Some Snapshots of the Software GUI
Test Plan Editor
Some Snapshots of the Software GUI
Action Editor
LTE
Questions?
LTE DVT-RCT
WirelessAgilent
Test World
2008
Restricted
Mar 12, 2009
LTE UE Protocol Development and

Conformance Test
Anite SAT LTE Protocol Tester and
Development Toolset with the
Agilent E6620A
New handset designs must meet the
standards expected by the consumer
not to mention those required by
industry bodies such as the GCF or PTCRB
and that means carrying out earlier
and more comprehensive development,
design verication and regression testing.
In order to achieve this goal, versatile but
rigorous testing solutions are required.
From pre-silicon protocol module
development through system integration
and verication, use this toolset to shorten
your development time and validate your

designs. With the Anite SAT LTE solution
you can:
Cost effectively analyze LTE UE
product designs early in the process
Resolve emergent issues before they
become costly problems
Simulate and test a broader range of
functionality
Bring advanced products to market
quickly
Assure products will meet or exceed
industry certication and quality
requirements
Anite SAT LTE Development Toolset

(DT) using the Agilent E6620A is a
comprehensive suite of tools which
supports all phases of wireless
terminal development.
Battery Current Drain Measurement

and Analysis
The Agilent 14565B software and

66319D/21D DC source provide a readyto-use solution for battery current drain
measurement and analysis for optimizing
the power consumption of your devices.
The 66319D/21D is a specialized DC
source for testing LTE and other wireless
mobile devices. It has a 15V, 3A output, a
high-speed 64KSa/sec 16 bit digitizer, and
3 current measurement ranges for making
accurate current drain measurements from
micro amps to amps, for testing off, sleep,
and active operating modes of the DUT.
Generating and Analyzing LTE Signals
Brian Su (brian_su5@agilent.com)
Project Manager
Agilent Technologies
Concepts of 3GPP LTE

9 Oct 2007
Page 1
LTE Physical Layer Review with Demos

LTE Transmitter Tests Signal Analysis
LTE Component and Receiver Test Signal Generation
Summary
Q&A

9 Oct 2007
Page 2 2
Page
LTE
Agenda
LTE Physical Layer Review

LTE air interface consists of two main components Signals
and Channels
Physical Signals
Generated in Layer 1
Used for System Synchronization, Cell Identification and Radio
Channel Estimation
Physical Channels
These Carry Data from higher layers including Control, Scheduling
and User Payload
The following is a simplified high-level description of the

essential Signals and Channels

9 Oct 2007
Page 3 3
Page
Physical Signal Definitions

DL Signals Full name
Purpose
P-SS
Primary Synchronization Signal
Used for cell search and identification by

the UE. Carries part of the cell ID
S-SS
Secondary Synchronization Signal
Used for cell search and identification by

the UE. Carries the remainder of the cell
ID
RS
Reference Signal (Pilot)
Used for DL channel estimation and

channel equalization. Exact sequence
derived from cell ID,
UL Signals Full name
Purpose
DM-RS
(Demodulation) Reference Signal
Used for synchronization to the UE and

UL channel estimation
Only used with active Transport Channel
SRS
Sounding Reference Signal
Used for channel estimation when there

is no transport channel (i.e., No active
PUSCH or PUCCH)
Used for CQI measurement.

9 Oct 2007
Page 4 4
Page
Physical Channel Definitions

DL Channels
Full name
Purpose
PBCH
Physical Broadcast Channel
Carries cell-specific information
PMCH
Physical Multicast Channel
Carries the MCH transport channel
PDCCH
Physical Downlink Control Channel
Scheduling, ACK/NACK
PDSCH
Physical Downlink Shared Channel
Payload
PCFICH
Physical Control Format Indicator

Channel
Defines number of PDCCH OFDMA

symbols per sub-frame (1, 2 or 3)
PHICH
Physical Hybrid ARQ indicator channel Carries HARQ ACK/NACK
UL Channels
Full name
Purpose
PRACH
Physical Random Access Channel
Call setup
PUCCH
Physical Uplink Control Channel
Scheduling, ACK/NACK
PUSCH
Physical Uplink Shared Channel
Payload
Note: Absence of Dedicated Channels, which is a characteristic of Packet-Only Systems

9 Oct 2007
Page 5 5
Page
Normal CP is assumed
Default for SS and SA

In lieu of
3GPP Defined
Power Level Control
DL Signals
Modulation Sequence
Physical Mapping
Power*1
Primary
Synchronization
Signal (P-SS)
One of 3 Zadoff-Chu
sequences
62/72 subcarriers centred

around DC at OFDMA
symbol #6 of slots #0, #10
[+0.65 dB] *2
Secondary
Synchronization
Signal
(S-SS)
Two 31-bit M-sequences

(binary) one of 168 Cell IDs
plus other info.
62/72 subcarriers centred

around DC at OFDMA
symbol #5 of slots #0, #10
[+0.65 dB] *2
Reference
Signal (RS)
PS Gold sequence defined by

Cell ID (P-SS & S-SS)
1 of 3x168 = 504 seq.
Every 6th subcarrier of

OFDMA symbols #0 & #4
of every slot
[+2.5 dB]
UL Signals
Modulation Sequence
Physical Mapping
Power
Demodulation
Reference
Signal (DM-RS)
uth root Zadoff-Chu or QPSK

(<3RB)
SC-FDMA symbol #3 of
every slot (PUSCH)
Different for PUCCH
[0 dB]
Additional signals (UL) - Sounding Reference Signal (Z-C)

*1: 3GPP has not define power level yet. This information shows the current scale factor in the 89600 VSA and N7624B Signal Studio.
*2: Synchronization signal: 72 sub-carriers are reserved, but only 62 sub-carrier are used. [0.65 dB = 10 x log10(62/72)]

9 Oct 2007
Page 6 6
Page
LTE
Signal Modulation and Mapping
DM-RS Signal Modulation (UE)

The unity circle produced by the DM-RS may look random but is the result
of phase modulating each successive subcarrier to create a Constant
Amplitude Zero Auto-Correlation (CAZAC) Sequence
There are 30 different sequences defined providing orthogonality between
users (similar to Walsh Codes in CDMA)
The sequence follows a Zadoff-Chu progression
xq m e
j
Sqm ( m 1)
RS
N ZC
RS
, 0 d m d N ZC
1
RS
where N ZC
is the first prime number less than the required number of
subcarriers, and m is the subcarrier number of the qth sequence
For allocations less than 3 Resource Blocks (36 subcarriers) it is not
possible to use a Zadoff-Chu sequence so the RS are modulated with a
simpler computer-generated QPSK sequence of length 12 or 24

9 Oct 2007
Page 7 7
Page
DM-RS Signal Modulation (UE)

Zadoff-Chu (>3RB) vs. QPSK (<3RB)
SEE DEMOS 1a,1b 3RB Zadoff-Chu vs. 1RB QPSK

9 Oct 2007
Page 8 8
Page
Channel Modulation and Mapping

Normal CP is assumed
DL Channels
Modulation Scheme
Physical Mapping
Physical Broadcast Channel

(PBCH)
QPSK
72 subcarriers centred around DC

at OFDMA symbol #0 to #3 of
Slot #1. Excludes RS subcarriers.
Physical Downlink Control

Channel (PDCCH)
QPSK
OFDMA symbol #0, #1 & #2 of

the Slot #0 of the subframe NOT
used by PCFICH or PHICH
Excludes RS subcarriers
Physical Downlink Shared

Channel (PDSCH)
QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Any assigned RB
Physical Control Format

Indicator Channel (PCFICH)
QPSK
16 Resource Elements
Symbol #0 of Slot #0
Physical Hybrid-ARQ
Indicator Channel (PHICH)
BPSK on I and Q
w/SF 2 or 4 Walsh Code
Symbol #0 of Slot #0 (normal

duration)
Symbols #0, 1, and 2 of Slot #0
(extended duration)
Physical Multicast Channel

(PMCH)
QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Variable Resource Mapping

9 Oct 2007
Page 9 9
Page
UL Channels
Modulation Scheme
Physical Mapping
Physical Random Access

Channel (PRACH)
uth
FDD = 64 Preambles, 4 Formats

TDD = 552 Preambles, 1 Format
Occupies 6 RBs (1.08MHz)
Physical Uplink Control

Channel (PUCCH)
BPSK & QPSK
Physical Uplink Shared

Channel (PUSCH)
root Zadoff-Chu
Any assigned RB but NOT

simultaneous with PUSCH
QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

9 Oct 2007
Page 1010
Page
Any assigned RB but NOT

simultaneous with PUCCH
Can be hopped
LTE
Channel Modulation and Mapping (cont.)
Slot Structure and Physical Resource Element

Downlink OFDMA
A Resource Block (RB) is basic
scheduling unit.
One downlink slot, Tslot
DL
N symb
OFDM
symbols
Resource block
RB
x N sc
DL
N symb
Resource
element
(k, l)
DL
RB
N RB
x Nsc
subcarriers
RB
N sc
subcarriers
A RB contains:
7 symbols (1 slot) X 12
subcarriers for normal cyclic prefix
or;
6 symbols (1 slot) X 12
subcarriers for extended cyclic
prefix
Minimum allocation is 1 ms (2 slots)
and 180 kHz (12 subcarriers).
RB
N sc
l=0
Condition
DL
N RB
Normal
f=15kHz
cyclic prefix
12
f=15kHz
Extended
cyclic prefix f=7.5kHz
DL
l= N symb
1
DL
N symb
12
24

9 Oct 2007
Page 1111
Page
Slot Structure and Physical Resource Element

Uplink SC-FDMA
One uplink slot, Tslot
UL
N symb
SC-FDMA symbols
Resource block
RB
UL
x N sc
N symb
Resource Block =
0.5 ms x 180 kHz
Resource element
(k, l)
UL
RB
x Nsc
subcarriers
N RB
RB
N sc
subcarriers
Condition
Normal
cyclic prefix
Extended
cyclic prefix
l=0
l=NULsymb 1

9 Oct 2007
Page 1212
Page
NRBsc
NULsymb
12
12
Physical Layer Definitions

Frame Structure
Frame Structure type 1 (FDD)
FDD: Uplink and downlink are transmitted separately
One radio frame = 10 ms

One slot = 0.5 ms
#0
#2
#1
#3
#18
#19
One subframe = 1ms

Subframe 0
Subframe 1
Subframe 9
5ms switch-point periodicity: Subframe 0, 5 and DwPTS for downlink,
Subframe 2, 5 and UpPTS for Uplink
10ms switch-point periodicity: Subframe 0, 5,7-9 and DwPTS for downlink,
Subframe 2 and UpPTS for Uplink
Frame Structure type 2 (TDD)

One radio frame, Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10 ms
One half-frame, 153600 x Ts = 5 ms
One subframe, 30720 x Ts = 1 ms
#0
#2
DwPTS, T(variable)
For 5ms switch-point periodicity
#4
#3
UpPTS, (variable)
#5
#7
#8
#9
For 10ms switch-point periodicity
One slot,
Tslot =15360 x Ts = 0.5 ms
Guard period, T(variable)

9 Oct 2007
Page 1313
Page
DL
OFDM symbols (= 7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP)
N symb
160
2048
144
2048
144
2048
144
2048
144
2048
144
2048
144
2048
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
(x Ts)
etc.
= 15360 Ts
= 0.5 ms
The Cyclic Prefix is created by prepending each

symbol with a copy of the end of the symbol
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 slot
Ts = 1/(15000 x 2048) = 32.552ns
P-SS - Primary Synch Signal [Sym 6 | Slots 0,10 | 62/72]
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
S-SS - Secondary Synch Signal [Sym 5 | Slots 0,10 | 62/72]
1 Sub-Frame
= 2 slots
= 1 ms
PBCH - Physical Broadcast Channel [Syms 0-3 | Slot 1 | 72/72]

PDCCH -Physical DL Control Channel [Syms 0-2 | Every Subframe]
PDSCH - Physical DL Shared Channel [Available Slots]
Reference Signal (Pilot) [Sym 0,4 | Every Slot]
#0
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
#10
#11
#12
#13
#14
#15
#16
#17
#18
#19
1 frame
= 10 sub-frames
= 10 ms
Note 1: Position of RS varies w/Antenna Port number and CP Length
Note 2: PMCH, PCFICH, and PHICH not shown here for clarity
Concepts
of 3GPP LTE
Page 14
9 Oct 2007
Page 1414
Page
LTE
Downlink Frame Structure Type 1
Downlink Physical Mapping

P-SS - Primary Synchronization Signal
S-SCS - Secondary Synchronization Signal
PBCH - Physical Broadcast Channel
PDCCH -Physical Downlink Control Channel
PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel
Note: PBCH = 1.08MHz to allow for 1.4 MHZ-20MHz Sys. BW

9 Oct 2007
Page 1515
Page
DL Physical Mapping
Lets Check it with VSA Spectrogram
See entire frame in frequency and time
on one display
Find subtle patterns, errors
Reference Signal
occurs every 6th
sub-carrier
PDCCH occupying 1st

3 symbols of each
sub-frame (~214 us)
S-SS/P-SS
PDSCH
S-SS/P-SS/PBCH
Eg. 12 RBs = 2.16 MHz
SEE DEMO 2 - DL 12RB 64QAM S-SS/P-SS/PBCH/PDCCH/PDSCH SPECTROGRAM

9 Oct 2007
Page 1616
Page
Downlink Lets Check it with VSA

Slot#0 Symbol#0
RS + PDCCH
PDCCH - Physical Downlink Control Channel
(Hint: Same Modulation)
S-SS - Secondary Synchronization Signal
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel

Note 2: PMCH, PCFICH, and PHICH

not shown here for clarity
SEE DEMO 3a
9 Oct 2007
Page 1717
Page
Slot#0 Symbol#1
PDCCH

SEE DEMO 3b
9 Oct 2007
Page 1818
Page
LTE

Slot#0 Symbol#3
PDSCH

SEE DEMO 3c
9 Oct 2007
Page 1919
Page

Slot#0 Symbol#4
RS + PDSCH

SEE DEMO 3d
9 Oct 2007
Page 2020
Page
10

Slot#1 Symbol#0
RS + PDSCH + PBCH

SEE DEMO 3e
9 Oct 2007
Page 2121
Page
Slot#1 Symbol#1
PBCH + PDSCH

SEE DEMO 3f
9 Oct 2007
Page 2222
Page
11
LTE
Uplink Frame Structure Type 1

PUSCH Mapping
DL
OFDM symbols (= 7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP)
N symb
160
2048
144
2048
144
2048
144
2048
144
2048
144
2048
144
2048
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
CP
(x Ts)
etc.
1 slot
= 15360 Ts
= 0.5 ms

Ts = 1/(15000 x 2048) = 32.6 ns

0 1 2 3 4 5 6
#0
#1
#2
#3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
#4
#5
#6
#7
1 sub-frame
PUSCH - Physical Uplink Shared Channel
= 2 slots
= 1 ms
Reference Signal (Demodulation) [Sym 3 | Every Slot]
#8
#9
#10
#11
#12
#13
#14
#15
#16
#17
#18
#19
1 frame
= 10 sub-frames
= 10 ms
9 Oct 2007
Page 2323
Page
Uplink Lets Check it by VSA

Slot #0 Symbol #0
PUSCH
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
SEE DEMO 4a PUSCH Only!

9 Oct 2007
Page 2424
Page
12

Slot #0 Symbol #3
PUSCH DM-RS
Reference Signal (Demodulation)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
SEE DEMO 4b PUSCH DM-RS

9 Oct 2007
Page 2525
Page
PUCCH Mapping
NsymbDL OFDM symbols (=7 OFDM symbols @ Normal CP)
160
2048
144
2048
144
2048
144
2048
144
2048
144
2048
1slot = 15360
144
2048
(x Ts)
1 slot
Sub-Carrier (RB)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
PUCCH - Physical Uplink Control Channel
1 sub-frame
Demodulation Reference Signal for PUCCH

(PUCCH format 1, Normal CP) [Sym 2-4 | Every Slot]
Time (Symbol)
#0
#1
#2
#3
#4
#5
#6
#7
#8
#9
#10
#11
#12
#13
#14
#15
#16
#17
#18

9 Oct 2007
Page 2626
Page
13
#19
1 frame
LTE
Uplink Frame Structure Type 1

PUCCH - Primary Uplink Shared Channel
Slot #0 Symbol #0
PUCCH
Frequency
(Sub-Carrier or RB)
PUCCH-DMRS (Format 1)
0 1
2 3 4 5 6
0 1 2 3 4
5 6
Time (Symbol)
SEE DEMO 5a PUCCH Only!

9 Oct 2007
Page 2727
Page

Slot #0 Symbol #2
PUCCH DM-RS
PUCCH - Primary Uplink Shared Channel
Frequency
(Sub-Carrier or RB)
PUCCH-DMRS (Format 1)
0 1 2 3 4 5
0 1
2 3 4
5 6
Time (Symbol)
SEE DEMO 5b PUCCH DM-RS

9 Oct 2007
Page 2828
Page
14
Uplink Mapping
PUSCH
Demodulation Reference Signal
(for PUSCH)
PUCCH
Demodulation Reference Signal
for PUCCH format 1
Note 1: When no PUCCH or PUSCH is scheduled in the uplink, the eNB can request transmission of the Sounding Reference Signal
(SRS), which allows the eNB to estimate the uplink channel characteristics
Note 2: PRACH and SRS not shown for clarity

9 Oct 2007
Page 2929
Page
Lets Check it with VSA Spectrogram

See entire frame in frequency and time
on one display
Find subtle patterns, errors
SEE DEMO 6
9 Oct 2007
Page 3030
Page
15
PUCCH occurs on
Slots #0 and #1 of
Subframe 2
LO Feedthru
(~0.5 ms / Slot)
LTE
Uplink Physical Mapping
Agenda
Summary
Q&A

9 Oct 2007
Page 3131
Page
LTE Signal Analysis 89601A Vector Signal Analysis Software

Features/Capabilities Summary
9 LTE downlink (OFDMA) and uplink (SC-FDMA)
analysis in a single option
9 Industry leading performance: EVM of
< -50 dB (hardware dependent)
9 FDD mode, Type 1 generic frame structure
9 All LTE bandwidths: 1.4 MHz to 20 MHz
9 All LTE modulation formats: BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM
and 64 QAM
9 All LTE modulation sequences: CAZAC, OSxPRS
9 Supports all Agilent signal analyzers: PSA, MXA,
EXA, 89600 as well as Agilent logic analyzers and
scopes
9 Connectivity with Agilents Advance Design System
(ADS) LTE wireless library

9 Oct 2007
Page 3232
Page
16
Consistent Measurement SW =
Correlation of results across the block diagram
DUT
89601A VSA
DSP
Digital (SSI)
Logic Analyzer
IF/RF
BB (I-Q)
Oscilloscope
Signal Analyzer
ADS connectivity
Direct connection to ADS LTE signal simulation
output using ADS 89600 instrument sink.
9 Oct 2007
Page 3333
Page
These transmitter tests are work in

progress and the definitions and
requirements covered in this
presentation are working assumptions
per TS 36.104 V8.2.0 (2008-05)
6.2 Base Station Output Power

6.3 Output Power Dynamics
6.4 Transmit ON/OFF Power
6.5 Transmit Signal Quality
6.5.1 Frequency Error
6.5.2 Error Vector Magnitude
6.5.3 Time alignment between transmitter branches
6.5.4 DL RS power
6.6 Unwanted Emissions
6.6.1 Occupied bandwidth
6.6.2 Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio (ACLR)
6.6.3 Operating band unwanted emissions ( same as SEM)
6.6.4 Transmitter spurious emission
6.7 Transmit Intermodulation
9 Oct 2007
Page 3434
Page
17
LTE
Transmitter Characteristics eNB
Transmitter Characteristics UE
These transmitter tests are work
6.2 Transmit Power

in progress and the definitions
6.3 Output Power Dynamics
and requirements covered in this
6.4 Control and Monitoring Functions
presentation are working
6.5 Transmit Signal Quality
assumptions per TS 36.101
6.5.1 Frequency error
v8.2.0 (2008-05) + CR from June
6.5.2 Transmit modulation
RAN WG47 meeting
6.5.2.1 Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)
6.5.2.2 IQ-Component
6.5.2.3 In-band Emissions
6.5.2.4 Spectrum Flatness
6.6 Output RF Spectrum Emissions
6.6.1 Occupied bandwidth
6.6.2 Out of band emission
6.6.2.1 Spectrum emission mask (SEM)
6.6.2.3 Adjacent channel leakage power ratio (ACLR)
6.6.3 Spurious emissions
6.7 Transmit Intermodulation
9 Oct 2007
Page 3535
Page
Transmit Power UE
Does the UE transmit too much or too little?
Channel power measurement using
swept spectrum analyzer
MOP (Maximum Output Power)

Method: broadband power measurement (No
change from UMTS)
MPR (Maximum Power Reduction)

Definition: Power reduction due to higher order modulation
and transmit bandwidth (RB) this is for UE power class 3
A-MPR (Additional MPR)

Definition: Power reduction capability to meet ACLR and
SEM requirements
These methods are used to fine-tune the UE so that it can operate at high
data rates in deployments with higher spurious emissions and then scale
back its maximum power; for example, at the cell edge where the UE is
more sensitive to out-of-channel emissions.
Agilent 89601A VSA provides power

measurement for each active channel
after demodulation
9 Oct 2007
Page 3636
Page
18
Output RF Spectrum Emissions

Unwanted emissions consist of:
1.
Occupied Bandwidth: Emission within the occupied bandwidth
2.
Out-of-Band (OOB) Emissions

Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio (ACLR)
Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM)
Due to Modulation Process and Non-linearity in transmitter
3.
Spurious Emissions: Far out emissions

Due to Harmonics and Intermodulation Products

9 Oct 2007
Page 3737
Page
Does most UE energy reside within its channel BW?

Occupied bandwidth
Measure the bandwidth of the LTE
signal that contains 99% of the channel
power
Minimum Requirement: The

occupied bandwidth shall be less than
the channel bandwidth specified in the
table below
Occupied channel bandwidth
Occupied Bandwidth [MHz]
1.08
2.7
4.5
13.5
18
Channel bandwidth (MHZ)
1.4
10
15
20

9 Oct 2007
Page 3838
Page
19
LTE
Occupied Bandwidth Requirement
ACLR Requirements eNB case

Does the eNB transmit in adjacent channels?
ACLR (Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio) measurement:
Measure the channel power at the carrier frequency
Measure the channel power at the required adjacent channels
Ensure the eNB power at adjacent channels meets specs
ACLR defined for two cases
E-UTRA (LTE) ACLR 1 and ACLR 2 with square measurement filter
UTRA (W-CDMA) ACLR 1 and ACLR 2 with 3.84 MHz RRC measurement filter with
roll-off factor D =0.22.
ACLR limits defined
for adjacent LTE
carriers
ACLR limits defined

for adjacent UTRA
carriers
9 Oct 2007
Page 3939
Page
ACLR Limits eNB case

In the case of E-UTRA (LTE) adjacent carrier:
E-UTRA Tx signal
channel BW
E-UTRA adjacent channel

carrier
E-UTRA channel measurement filter BW

(Square filter)
ACLR Limit
1.4 MHz
1.4 MHz
1.08 MHz
45 dB
3.0 MHz
3.0 MHz
3.0 MHz
45 dB
5 MHz
5 MHz
4.5 MHz
45 dB
10 MHz
10 MHz
9.0 MHz
45 dB
15 MHz
15 MHz
13.5 MHz
45 dB
20 MHz
20 MHz
18 MHz
45 dB
In the case of UTRA (W-CDMA) adjacent carriers:

E-UTRA Tx signal
channel BW
UTRA adjacent channel

carrier
UTRA channel measurement filter BW (RRC

filter with D0.22
ACLR Limit
1.4 MHz
3.84 MHz
3.84 MHz
45 dB
3.0 MHz
3.84 MHz
3.84 MHz
45 dB
5 MHz
3.84 MHz
3.84 MHz
45 dB
10 MHz
3.84 MHz
3.84 MHz
45 dB
15 MHz
3.84 MHz
3.84 MHz
45 dB
20 MHz
3.84 MHz
3.84 MHz
45 dB

9 Oct 2007
Page 4040
Page
20
ACLR Requirements UE case

Does the UE transmit in adjacent channels?
ACLR defined for two cases:
E UTRA (LTE) ACLR1 with rectangular measurement filter (No TX/RX Filter defined)
UTRA (W-CDMA) ACLR1 and ACLR 2 with 3.84 MHz RRC measurement filter with
roll-off factor D =0.22.
fOOB
E-UTRAACLR1
UTRA ACLR2
E-UTRA channel
UTRAACLR1
RB
TR 36.101 v8.2.0 Figure 6.6.2.3 -1: Adjacent Channel Leakage requirements

9 Oct 2007
Page 4141
Page
In the case of LTE adjacent carrier:

Channel bandwidth / E-UTRAACLR1 / measurement bandwidth
E-UTRAACLR1
1.4
MHz
3.0
MHz
5
MHz
10
MHz
15
MHz
20
MHz
30 dB
30 dB
30 dB
30 dB
30 dB
30 dB
4.5 MHz
9.0 MHz
13.5 MHz
18 MHz
E-UTRA channel Measurement

bandwidth
TS 36.101 v8.2.0 Table 6.6.2.3.1-1: General requirements for E-UTRAACLR
In the case of W-CDMA adjacent carriers:

Channel bandwidth / UTRAACLR1/2 / measurement bandwidth
1.4
MHz
3.0
MHz
5
MHz
10
MHz
15
MHz
20
MHz
UTRAACLR1
33 dB
33 dB
33 dB
33 dB
33 dB
33 dB
UTRAACLR2
36 dB
36 dB
36 dB
36 dB
4.5 MHz
9.0 MHz
13.5 MHz
18 MHz
3.84 MHz
3.84 MHz
3.84 MHz
3.84 MHz
E-UTRA channel Measurement

bandwidth
UTRA channel Measurement
bandwidth
TS 36.101 v8.2.0 Table 6.6.2.3.2-1: Additional requirements

SEE DEMO 7 UL 64QAM OBW + ACP
9 Oct 2007
Page 4242
Page
21
LTE
ACLR Limits UE case
Spectrum Emission Mask (SEM)

Does the eNB/UE leak RF onto neighbor channels?
Spectrum emissions mask is also known as Operating Band Unwanted
emissions
These unwanted emissions are resulting from the modulation process and nonlinearity in the transmitter but excluding spurious emissions
Measure the Tx power at specific frequency offsets from the carrier frequency
and ensure the power at the offsets is within specifications
Limits in
spurious domain
must be
consistent with
SM.329 [4]
Carrier
10 MHz
eNB example:
Base station SEM limits are
defined from 10 MHz below the
lowest frequency of the BS
transmitter operating band up to
10 MHz above the highest
frequency of the BS transmitter
operating band.
10 MHz
Operating Band (BS transmit)
OOB domain
Operating Band Unwanted emissions limit
TR 36.804 v1.2.0 figure 6.6.2.2-1 Defined frequency range for Operating band unwanted emissions with an
example RF carrier and related mask shape (actual limits are TBD).
9 Oct 2007
Page 4343
Page
Spectrum Emission Mask UE Example

20MHz Mask
Regulatory Masks + Proposed 20MHz LTE Mask
10
0
W CDMA
FCC band 5
FCC band 2
FCC band 7
Ofcom
Japan PHS
mask 6/7 RBs
mask 15/16 RBs
mask 25 RBs
mask 50 RBs
mask 75 RBs
mask 100 RBs
level (dBm/100kHz)
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
-24
-22
-20
-18
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
offset (MHz)
TR 36.803 v1.1.0 Figure 6.6.2.1 -1: Regulatory mask and proposed E-UTRA masks
9 Oct 2007
Page 4444
Page
22
Spurious Emission Requirements

How much power does UE leak well beyond neighbor?
Spurious emissions are emissions caused by unwanted transmitter effects
such as harmonics emission & intermodulation products but exclude out of
band emissions
Example of spurious emissions limit for a UE
Frequency Range
Maximum Level
Measurement Bandwidth
9 kHz d f < 150 kHz
-36 dBm
1 kHz
150 kHz d f < 30 MHz
-36 dBm
10 kHz
30 MHz d f < 1000 MHz
-36 dBm
100 kHz
1 GHz d f < 12.75 GHz
-30 dBm
1 MHz
TS 36.101 v8.2.0 table 6.6.3.1-2: Spurious emissions limits

9 Oct 2007
Page 4545
Page
Currently there are four requirements under the

transmitted signal quality category for an eNB:
Frequency error
EVM
Time alignment between transmitter branches
DL RS Power

9 Oct 2007
Page 4646
Page
23
LTE
Transmitted Signal Quality

Downlink
Transmitter Tester for RF Power Measurements

Agilents PSA, MXA and EXA signal analyzers have flexible power suite
measurements that can be set to make Channel Power, ACP, SEM and Spurious
emission tests.

9 Oct 2007
Page 4747
Page
Frequency Error Test (eNB and UE)

Does the eNB/UE accurately track UL/DL frequency?
If the frequency error is larger than a
few sub-carriers, the receiver demod
may not operate, and could cause
network interference
A quick test is use the Occupied
BW measurement (Agilent 89601A
VSA SW shown)
An accurate measurement can
then be made using the
demodulation process
Minimum Requirement
(observed over 1 ms):
UE: 0.1 PPM
BS: f0.05 PPM
9 Oct 2007
Page 4848
Page
24
Error Vector Magnitude Measurement

eNB Downlink (OFDM)
The basic unit of EVM measurement is
defined over one subframe (1ms) in the
time domain and 12 subcarriers
(180kHz) in the frequency domain
Pre-/post FFT
time / frequency
synchronization
BS TX
Remove
CP
Per-subcarrier
Amplitude/phase
correction
FFT
Symbol
detection
/decoding
Equalizer is calculated over full frame
Measurement Block: EVM is

measured after the FFT and a
zero-forcing (ZF) constrained
equalizer in the receiver
Reference point
for EVM
measurement
TR 36.804 V1.2.0 Figure 6.8.1.1-2 Reference pint for EVM measurement
Agilent Signal Analyzer EVM Performance

Both Uplink and Downlink
Signal BW
89650S
MXA
(typ)
(typ)
Current EVM requirements

Parameter
Unit
Level
QPSK
17.5
16QAM
12.5
5 MHz
0..35 %
0.45 %
10 MHz
0.40 %
0.45 %
20 MHz
0.45 %
0.50 %
64QAM

9 Oct 2007
Page 4949
Page

9 Oct 2007
Page 5050
Page
25
LTE
eNB Transmitted Signal Quality:

Time alignment between transmitter branches
eNB Transmitted Signal Quality:

DL RS Power

9 Oct 2007
Page 5151
Page
Downlink EVM Equalizer Definition

For the downlink, the EVM equalizer has been constrained
From the 10th
subcarrier onwards the
window size is 19 until
the upper edge of the
channel is reached and
the window size
reduces back to 1
The subsequent 7
subcarriers are averaged
over 5, 7 .. 17 subcarriers
Agilent VSA EVM Setting
The second
reference
subcarrier is the
average of the
first three
subcarriers
The first
reference
subcarrier
is not
averaged
Rather than use all the

RS data to correct the
received signal a
moving average is
performed in the
frequency domain
across the channel
which limits the rate of
change of correction
Reference subcarriers
TR 36.804 v1.0.0 Figure 6.8.1.1-1: Reference subcarrier

smoothing in the frequency domain
9Page
Oct
522007
Page 52
26
Important notes on EVM (DL and UL)

No transmit/receive filter will be defined
In UMTS a transmit/receive filter was defined
Root raised cosine = 0.22
This filter was also used to make EVM measurements
Deviations from the ideal filter increased the measured EVM
In LTE with OFDMA/SC-FDMA no TX/RX filter is defined
The lack of a filter creates opportunities and problems:
Signal generation can be optimized to meet in-channel and out of channel
requirements
Signal reception and measurement have no standard reference
It is expected that real receivers will use the downlink reference signals (pilots) to
correct for frequency and phase
But no standard for how to do this will be specified

9 Oct 2007
Page 5353
Page
The lack of a defined transmit filter means that trade-offs can be made
between in-channel performance and out of channel performance (ACLR,
Spectrum emission mask)
But applying too aggressive filtering can introduce delays to the signal
which appear like multipath and reduce the effective length of the CP
Usable ISI free period

EVM
Impact of time domain

distortion induced by shaping
of the transmit signal in the
frequency domain
CP length
For this reason EVM is defined across a window at two points in time
either side of the nominal symbol centre
9 Oct 2007
Page 5454
Page
27
LTE
Important notes on EVM

EVM vs. time impact on CP reduction
Important Notes on EVM

- EVM Window
CP Len
FFT Size
EVM Window
FFT Size aligned with EVM Window End

FFT Size aligned with EVM Window Center
Agilent VSA EVM Setting
FFT Size aligned with EVM Window Start
EVM is measured at two locations in time and

the maximum of the two EVM is reported. i.e.
EVM1 measured at EVM Window Start
EVM2 measured at EVM Window End
Reported EVM = max(EVM1, EVM2)
(Per the Std.)
9 Oct 2007
Page 5555
Page
EVM Comparison for Different EVM Window

Settings
Max of EVM
Window Start/End
EVM Window
Center

9 Oct 2007
Page 5656
Page
28

EVM vs. time impact on CP reduction
Values from 36.101:
Cyclic prefix
length
EVM window length W
Ratio of
W to
total CP
(%)
Bandwidth
MHz
FFT size
1.4
128
[7]
[77.8]
256
15
18
[14]
[77.8]
Number of
useful RBs
N cp
512
25
36
[32]
[88.9]
10
1024
50
72
[66]
[91.7]
15
1536
75
108
[102]
[94.4]
20
2048
100
144
[136]
[94.4]
TS 36.101 v8.2.0 Table F.5-1 EVM window length for normal CP

9 Oct 2007
Page 5757
Page
IQ Freq Meas
UE Uplink (SC-FDMA)
DUT
Modulated
symbols
Test equipment
DFT
TX
Front-end
IFFT
IQ Meas
RF
correction
Channel
FFT
Tx-Rx chain
equalizer
IDFT
EVM
meas.
In-band
emissions
meas.
Measurement Block
EVM
z ' v i v
vTm
for allocated Resource Block
T m P0
z' v
i v
is modified signal under test

is the ideal signal reconstructed by the measurement equipment
To Make In-Band EM, Turn Off Equalizer, use IQ Freq Meas, use BP Markers
9 Oct 2007
Page 5858
Page
29
LTE
Error Vector Magnitude Measurement
Error Vector Magnitude Requirements

UE Uplink
EVM requirements are still to be finalized
Currently there are four requirements under the transmit
modulation category for a UE:
1. EVM for allocated resource blocks
2. I/Q Component (also known as carrier leakage power or I/Q origin
offset) for non-allocated resource blocks
3. In-Band Emission for non-allocated resource

blocks
4. Spectrum flatness: for allocated RB
Lets look at each one of these transmit modulation requirements

9 Oct 2007
Page 5959
Page

UE Uplink
EVM For allocated resource blocks (Good ol EVM)
EVM is a measure of the difference between the reference waveform and the
measured waveform
Minimum requirement
For signals above -40 dBm, the RMS EVM for the different modulations must not exceed
the value in the table below
Unit
Level
QPSK
Parameter
17.5
16QAM
12.5
64QAM
[tbd]
TS 36.101 v8.2.0 Table 6.5.2.1.1-1: Minimum requirements for Error Vector Magnitude
It is not expected that 64QAM will be allocated at the edge of the signal
9 Oct 2007
Page 6060
Page
30

UE Uplink cont.
I/Q Component For non-allocated resource blocks
I/Q Component revels the magnitude of the carrier feedthrough present in the
signal (i.e., IQ Offset in VSA Summary Table)
Minimum requirements
The relative carrier leakage power (IQ origin offset power) must not exceed the
values in table below:
LO Leakage
Parameters
Relative Limit (dBc)
Output power >0 dBm
-25
- 30 dBm Output power 0 dBm
-20
-40 dBm d Output power < -30 dBm
-10
TS 36.101 v8.2.0 Table 6.5.2.2.1-1: Minimum requirements for Relative Carrier Leakage Power
9 Oct 2007
Page 6161
Page
UE Uplink Cont..
In-band Emission For non-allocated resource blocks
The in-band emission is measured as the relative UE output power of any non
allocated RB(s) and the total UE output power of all the allocated RB(s)
The relative in-band emission must not exceed the values in the table below
Relative emissions (dB)
In band emission
max> 25, (20 log10 EVM) 3 10 ('RB 1) / NRB)@

TS 36.101 v8.2.0 Table 6.5.2.3.1-1: Minimum requirements for in-band emissions
Unique Agilent Measurement capability!

9 Oct 2007
Page 6262
Page
31
LTE

UE Uplink Cont..
Spectrum flatness
Relative power variation across all RB of the allocated UL
block
TBD
Via Channel Frequency Response

9 Oct 2007
Page 6363
Page

UL EVM Equalizer Definition
This has not yet been fully defined
The current proposal is to use a similar approach to WiMAX
Unconstrained equalizer (Uses all DM-RSs)
Define amplitude flatness across the channel
In addition it may be necessary to constrain the phase

variation (i.e., phase flatness measurement) as well since
this is equally important as a source of demodulation errors

9 Oct 2007
Page 6464
Page
32
Analyzing the Equalizer Results from an Ideal

SC-FDMA signal
10 MHz IQ
constellation
Transition from RS unity circle to 16QAM
Amplitude flatness 0.1 dB
Amplitude flatness for outer 10 RB
Phase flatness 0.5 degrees
Subcarrier relative flatness for outer 10 RB
SEE DEMO 8
9 Oct 2007
Page 6565
Page
Various EVM metrics are available on 89601A LTE application:
Composite RMS EVM

Peak EVM
Data EVM
Reference Signal (pilot) EVM
EVM for individual active channels
EVM for non-allocated resource blocks

9 Oct 2007
Page 6666
Page
33
LTE
EVM Measurement OFDMA & SC-FDMA
Modulation Analysis (Non-Allocated)

16QAM data plus CAZAC Reference Signal
The 16QAM data
channel
The reference
signal (pilot)
The Non-Allocated
subcarriers are
shown at the centre
(Note: this can be
turned off)

9 Oct 2007
Page 6767
Page
EVM For Allocated & Non-Allocated Resource

Blocks
The instantaneous EVM of
the allocated subcarriers is
shown in red and the
average over the
measurement interval is in
white.
EVM for the LO feed through
and non-allocated
subcarriers is measureable
but these impairments are
specified separately from
EVM as shown on previous
slides

9 Oct 2007
Page 6868
Page
34
EVM Traces to Reveal Filter Effects

Unique Agilent measurement capability
EVM vs. Subcarriers
EVM vs. Resource Block (RB)
The RBs and

subcarriers at
the edges
have high
EVM because
of the fast
roll-off of the
filter used.
As such, the edge RB is
unlikely to support 64QAM.

9 Oct 2007
Page 6969
Page

Summary
Q&A

9 Oct 2007
Page 7070
Page
35
LTE
Agenda
N7624B Signal Studio for 3GPP LTE

3GPP LTE signal creation software
User-friendly, Parameterized
and Reconfigurable
Run on Agilent E4438C ESG
or N5182A MXG Signal
Generators.
Supports 3GPP TS36.211 and TS36.212

(Release 8 Ver 8.2.0 2008-03)
Provides partially- and fully-coded
uplink and downlink signals for
component and receiver testing
Includes signals with MIMO encoding
and static fading

9 Oct 2007
Page 7171
Page
Signal Generation: Two Major Challenges

1: Creating Partially-coded spectrally-correct signals for Component Test
Generate statistically correct signals to adequately stress amplifiers, I/Q modulators,
filters and other components (e.g. CCDF, PAPR)
Ensure component measurement results are minimally affected by the signal
generator performance (e.g. EVM, ACPR)
Provide flexibility to test performance with a wide variety of signals
2: Creating Fully-coded signals for Receiver Test
Generate fully-coded signals that enable block error rate (BLER) and bit error rate
(BER) testing
Provide ability to add impairments
Provide encoding and fading for MIMO signals

9 Oct 2007
Page 7272
Page
36
Test Signal Flexibility with Signal Studio

Easy-to-use pre-defined setups and ability to define custom configurations
Settable LTE downlink and uplink waveform parameters
Bandwidth (up to 20 MHz)
Cyclic prefix (Normal or Extended)
Modulation type (QPSK, 16QAM, or 64QAM)
Payload data (PN sequence or user-defined)
Downlink synchronization signals
Downlink reference signal with frequency shifting
Uplink demodulation reference signal
Uplink demodulation reference signal cyclic shift
Multiple carriers (up to 16)
Allocate resources at the resource block, physical channel, or transport channel level
Generate fully coded signals on downlink and uplink shared channels with Advanced
capability
Transport/Physical layer coding
Transport/Physical layer mapping
MIMO pre-coding with static fading
Display resource element allocation, CCDF curves, and waveform plots
Add W-CDMA signals to evaluate interference between W-CDMA and 3GPP LTE
signals
9 Oct 2007
Page 7373
Page
The non-linear characteristics of amplifiers affect in- and out-of-channel

performance of the eNB or UE transmitter
EVM is a key in-channel metric of amplifier performance
ACLR is key out-of-channel metric
Examples of signals used to test amplifiers:
varying bandwidth up to 20 MHz
multi-carrier, e.g. four 5 MHz, for eNB amplifier: all LTE, or mixed LTE & WCDMA/HSPA
varying signal configuration to simulate worse case scenario for DUT: bursted or nonbursted, heavily or lightly loaded resource configurations

9 Oct 2007
Page 7474
Page
37
LTE
Testing Power Amplifiers
Amplifier Performance - CCDF
Only PUCCH Configuration
1.5 dB difference
at 1.0%
Only PUSCH Configuration
1.0 dB difference at 0.01%

between PUCCH and PUSCH
Varying signal content results in different PAPR (peak-to-average power ratio) as shown by CCDF
curve
Example: Uplink signal with only control channel transmission vs with Full data on shared channel
PUCCH only results in higher PAPR, so more stress on amplifier
Solving test need: Signal generation flexibility to test under real-world worse case conditions
SEE DEMO 9
9 Oct 2007
Page 7575
Page
Amplifier Performance ACLR (eNB)
LTE QPSK-5MHz 4 carriers

eNB spec -45 dBc
amplifier expectation -55 dBc
desired sig gen -65 dBc
actual sig gen -68 dBc
Mixed LTE QPSK-5MHz / W-CDMA test model 1-64DPCH

eNB spec -45 dBc
actual sig gen -68 dBc adjacent to LTE
-70 dBc adjacent to W-CDMA
LTE 64QAM-20MHz 1 carrier

eNB spec -45 dBc
actual sig gen -71 dBc
9 Oct 2007
Page 7676
Page
38
Types of Receiver Test Uplink & Downlink

Receiver characteristics:
Reference sensitivity level
Dynamic range
Adjacent Channel Selectivity (ACS)
Blocking characteristics
Intermodulation characteristics
In-channel selectivity
Spurious emissions
Note: These receiver

characteristics are work in
progress for the LTE
standard. Definitions and
test requirements are still
incomplete and evolving!
Solving test needs:

9 Flexibility to easily create varying signals that simulate real-world conditions
9 Signal generation capability that evolves as the standard evolves to ensure
most accurate test results
9 Oct 2007
Page 7777
Page
N7624B: Signal Studio
Ant0
2x1
Ant1
Ant0
Ant1
Ant2
Ant3
4x1
2x1 Tx Diversity
2x1
Enable each
Transmission Path

9 Oct 2007
Page 7878
Page
39
LTE
2x1, 4x1 Tx Diversity with Static Multipath Fading
2x2, 4x4 Spatial Multiplexing with CDD and Static

Multipath Fading
MIMO
spatial matrix
Proper matrix is selected
Cyclic Delay Diversity
2x2 SDM
2x2
Enable each
Transmission Path

9 Oct 2007
Page 7979
Page
Coded Signal for BLER Measurement

Read pointer of circular buffer is changing
by RV Index value
DL-DCH1
BLER
BLER
BLER
DL-DCH6
SEE DEMO 10 UE BLER

9 Oct 2007
Page 8080
Page
40
BLER
BLER
BLER
time
DL-SCH2
DL-SCH3
DL-SCH1
DL-SCH2
DL-SCH3
DL-SCH1
DL-SCH2
DL-SCH3
DL-SCH4
BLER measurement is possible at every TTI

(subframe)
N7624B provides multiple DL-SCH up to 8
For UE BLER measurement
DL-SCH1
DL-SCH5
DL-SCH6
DL-SCH7
DL-SCH8
BLER
frequency
eNB Capacity Verification with Multiple UEs

Cyclic shift (timing adj.)
Up to 16 UE
(16 carriers)
UE identification
Frame/Subframe/Slot (time)
UE#15
eNB
System BW
(frequency)
UE#0
N7624B provides multiple UE up to16 with cyclic shift for eNB capacity verification
(overloading test)
9 Oct 2007
Page 8181
Page

Summary
Q&A

9 Oct 2007
Page 8282
Page
41
LTE
Agenda
Measurement & Troubleshooting Trilogy

Three Steps to successful Signal Analysis
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Frequency,
Basic
Advanced &
Frequency & Time
Digital Demod
Specific Demod
Get basics right,

find major problems
Signal quality
numbers, constellation,
basic error vector meas.
Find specific
problems & causes

9 Oct 2007
Page 8383
Page
Learn by Making Measurements

89601A VSA Software, Free Demo License,
N7624B Signal Studio, Free Simulation Mode
Recorded signals provided: perform any kind of vector analysis or demodulation
Simulated hardware
Tutorials
Troubleshooting help
Example displays
14-day Free Trial Licenses
Connect to hardware
Generate, download &
play back signals
Tech Overviews, Demo Guides

9 Oct 2007
Page 8484
Page
42
Agilent 3GPP LTE Portfolio

NEW!
Software Solutions
E6620A Wireless
Communications
Platform
E8895 ADS LTE Library

N7624B LTE Signal Studio
89601A LTE VSA Software
Coming
Soon!
Agilent/Anite SAT LTE

Protocol Development
Toolset
NEW!
Drive Test
NEW!
Analyzers, Sources, Scopes, Logic Analyzers

MXA/MXG
R&D
Coming
Soon!
Distributed
Network
Analyzers
Agilent/Anite Signalling and RF
conformance test systems
Digital VSA
Network Analyzers, Power supplies, and More!
Product development
Conformance & IOT
Deployment

9 Oct 2007
Page 8585
Page
LTE
Questions?
Thank you for your attention!

9 Oct 2007
Page 8686
Page
43

9 Oct 2007
Page 8787
Page
44
Network Deployment and Optimization

Signaling Analysis
The Agilent signaling analyzer platform is
an industry-leading solution for 3G, 2G &
IMS networks today. With the addition of
LTE & SAE technology support, the signaling analyzer software provides a common
and intuitive user interface to support all
mobile & IMS technologies.
Together with a new high-density probing

solution the signaling analyzer software
enables passive probing & analysis of LTE
network interfaces (e.g. S1, X2, S3, S4, S5).
This powerful combination of distributable
hardware pre-processing with scalable
software architecture meets the current
and future performance requirements necessary for the successful deployment of an
integrated LTE/SAE network. Highlights of
the Agilent signaling analyzer include:
Total visibility for all layers from L1 to L7
Complete decoding of all protocol
messages
Full hardware and software reassembly
at each layer inthe protocol stack
Real-time call/session tracing on a single
or multiple interfaces including mixed
technology interfaces
Real-time KPIs, statistics, and distributed
performance management
The Agilent Signaling Analyzer provides real-time

analysis for LTE.
Drive Test
The Agilent E6474A network optimization
platform enables wireless service providers
and network equipment manufacturers to
address wireless voice and data network
performance issues by quickly and accurately measuring network RF performance
and identifying problems. A fully exible

user interface together with outdoor and
indoor navigation options makes this
scalable platform customizable to your
specic needs.
The LTE receiver measurements software option is an extension to Agilents
multi-technology drive-test platform that
covers all the major cellular technologies
including HSPA, UMTS, GPRS, cdma2000,
1xEVDO, iDEN and WiMAX. The software
is combined with Agilents market leading
W1314A multi-band multi-technology
receiver hardware to allow measurements
to be made on multiple technologies at
the same time.
Highlights of the Agilent E6474A-645 LTE
receiver measurements include:
P-SCH RSSI
S-SCH RSSI
LT-cell-ID identication
The Agilent E6474A network optimization

platform quickly and accurately measures
network performance.
www.agilent.com/find/lte
RF spectrum and CW RF measurements
RSD
2.
17025
1.
www.agilent.com.tw
0800-047866
http://www.agilent.com.tw/find/hand
outs
104 2 8
(02) 8772-5888
324 20
(03) 492-9666
40855212C
(04) 2310-6915
8026251
(07) 535-5035
2006
Issued date : 04/2009
5990-3958ZHA
Printed in Taiwan
04/2009

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LTE

LTE (Long Term Evolution)

7th, April, 2009

GS-8800 User Group Meeting

LTE Market Development / Intro Timelines

Protocol Conformance Test

3GPP LTE RF Test Specification

Section 6 Transmitter Characteristics

Section 4 E-UTRAN RRC_IDLE state mobility (Cell Selection/Re-selection)

Section 6 Transmitter Characteristics

Section 4 Requirements for support of RRM

Wireless Test World 2008

TS 36.521-1 Section 6 Transmitter

UE Maximum Output Power

Maximum Power Reduction (MPR)

Output Power Dynamics

Output RF spectrum emissions

Out of band emission

Spectrum Emission Mask

Additional Spectrum Emission Mask

Minimum Output Power

Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio

Transmission ON/OFF Power

Additional ACLR requirements

Control and monitoring functions

Transmit signal quality

Error Vector Magnitude (EVM)

In-band emissions for non allocated RB

Wireless Test World 2008

TS 36.521-1 Section 7 Receiver Test

Reference sensitivity level

Maximum input level

Out of-band blocking

Narrow band blocking

Wide band Intermodulation

Wireless Test World 2008

TS 36.521-1 Section 8 Performance

Demodulation of PDSCH (Cell-Specific Reference Symbols)

8.2.1.1 FDD PDSCH Single-antenna port Performance (Cell-Specific Ref. Symbols)

8.4.1.1 FDD PCFICH/PDCCH Single-antenna port Performance

8.5.1.1 FDD PHICH Single-antenna port Performance

Agilent LTE RF Test System Solution

MXA base Forced Test Mode LTE TX tester : Available Now

GS-8891 LTE RCT (RF Conformance Test) System

*Preliminary and Subject to Change

Agilent GS-8861 LTE RF Design

*Preliminary and Subject to Change

Agilent GS-8862 LTE RF Design

Preliminary and Subject to Change

Agilent GS-8871 LTE RF Design Verification Test

GS-8891 RCT will most likely share same system design

Preliminary and Subject to Change

Agilent LTE RF Design Verification &

GS-8861 Super Lite system

Compliant to 3GPP TS 36.521-1 requirements

Smooth transition to LTE RF Conformance System

Fully integrated, Scalable and Upgradeable DV solution

GS-8862 Lite system

Contribute all development stages from RF module to UE

Agilent Global support

Some Snapshots of the Software GUI

Test Plan Editor

Wireless Test World 2008