VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

VIII SEMESTER
EC6018 - MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION AND COMMUNICATION
Regulation 2013
Academic Year 2016 17

Prepared by
Dr. S. Ramesh, Associate Professor/ECE
Dr. N. Usha Bhanu, Associate Professor/ECE
Mr. D. Murugesan, Assistant Professor (Sr.G)/ECE

VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603 203.
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT

: EC6018 - MULTIMEDIA COMPRESSION AND COMMUNICATION

SEM / YEAR: VIII / IV

UNIT I - MULTIMEDIA COMPONENTS
Introduction - Multimedia skills - Multimedia components and their characteristics - Text,
sound, images, graphics, animation, video, hardware.
PART A
Q.No

Questions

BT Level

Competence

1.

What are the multimedia components?

BTL 1

Remembering

2.

Define multimedia.

BTL 1

Remembering

3.

Write the skill set requirements of multimedia designer

and multimedia programmer.

BTL 1

Remembering

4.

Identify communication
multimedia.

BTL 1

Remembering

5.

Describe the applications of multimedia.

BTL 1

Remembering

6.

List the types of text that are used to produce pages of

documents.

BTL 1

Remembering

7.

Distinguish unformatted text and formatted text

BTL 2

Understanding

8.

Summarize about three types of text that are used to

produce pages of documents.

BTL 2

Understanding

9.

Interpret the pixel depth and aspect ratio.

BTL 2

Understanding

10.

Discuss raster scan principle.

BTL 2

Understanding

11.

Illustrate digitized documents.

BTL 3

Applying

12.

Show how the quantization interval influences the

accuracy of the sampling process of an analog signal.

BTL 3

Applying

13.

Demonstrate the meaning of composite video signal.

BTL 3

Applying

14.

Infer the three main properties of a color source that

the eye makes use of.
Classify the digitization formats.

BTL 4

Analysing

BTL 4

Analysing

15.

networks

available

for

16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

Differentiate between a bitonal image and a

continuous-tone image.
Discriminate the additive color mixing and
subtractive color mixing.
Assess the main features of the MIDI standard and its
associated messages.
Invent the color difference signal associated with the
NTPC and PAL systems.
Formulate the resolution of luminance and chrominance
signals for 525 and 625 line systems.
PART - B
(i) What are the media types?
(4)
(ii) Describe the form of representation of media types
that is used when all are integrated together and give
your reason.
(12)
(i) List the basic types of communication network that
are used to provide multimedia communication
services.
(4)
(ii) Explain why most data networks operate in a packet
mode. Hence explain why services involving audio
and video are supported.
(12)
(i) Identify the aim of all broadcast television networks.
(3)
(ii) Write short notes on integrated services digital
network and broadband multiservice networks. (13)
(i) Outline the interpersonal communications that may
involve speech, image, text, or video for multimedia
applications.
(13)
(ii) Name the three main categories of multimedia
applications.
(3)
(i) Discuss the interactive applications over the internet
and entertainment applications of multimedia. (10)
(ii) Distinguish the continuous media and block-mode
media.
(6)
(i) Describe the digitization principles.
(10)
(ii) Summarize the meaning of codeword, analog signal,
signal encoder and signal decoder.
(6)
(i) Express the meaning of unformatted text and
formatted text.
(8)
(ii) Interpret about the pages/documents, hypertext, and
hyperlinks.
(8)
(i) Illustrate the meaning of visual object, freeform
object, clip-art, and 3-D objects relating to graphical
images.
(8)
(ii) Show the digitization format for digitized documents
through an example.
(8)
(i) Demonstrate with the aid of diagrams whereever
appropriate; explain the color gamut, additive color
mixing, and subtractive color mixing. Give an

BTL 4

Analysing

BTL 5

Evaluating

BTL 5

Evaluating

BTL 6

Creating

BTL 6

Creating

BTL 1

Remembering

BTL 1

Remembering

BTL 1

Remembering

BTL 1

Remembering

BTL 2

Understanding

BTL 2

Understanding

BTL 2

Understanding

BTL 3

Applying

BTL 3

Applying

application of both color mixing methods.

(8)
(ii) Discover the raster scan operation associated with
TV/computer monitors.
(8)
10. (i) Compare the display resolutions and memory
BTL 4 Analyzing
requirements for VGA, XGA & SVGA standard. (6)
(ii) Analyzing with the aid of a diagram, how a color
image is captured within a camera or scanner.
(10)
11. (i) Differentiate between 4:2:2 and 4:2:0 formats. (6)
BTL 4 Analyzing
(ii) Outline and hence classify the CD-quality audio and
synthesized audio.
(10)
12. (i) Illustrate the principle of operation of a PCM speech
BTL 4 Analyzing
codec. Include in your diagram the operation of the
compressor in the encoder and the expander in the
decoder.
(13)
(ii) Pointout the PC video digitization formats.
(3)
13. (i) Evaluating with the aid of diagram, the principles of
BTL 5 Evaluating
interlaced of scanning as used in most TV broadcast
applications. Include in your explanation the meaning
of the terms filed, odd and even scan lines. Show the
number of scan lines per field with for a 525 and 625
line system.
(12)
(ii) Assess the luminance, chrominance, and color
difference and how the magnitude of each primary
color present in the source is derived from these. (4)
14. (i) Interpret the following digitization formats: 4:2:2,
BTL 6 Creating
4:2:0, SIF, CIF, QCIF, and S-QCIF.
(12)
(ii) Develop the video content for particular application.
(4)
UNIT II - AUDIO AND VIDEO COMPRESSION
Audio compressionDPCM-Adaptive PCM adaptive predictive coding-linear Predictive
coding-code excited LPC-perpetual coding Video compression principles-H.261-H.263MPEG 1, 2, and 4.
PART - A
Q.No

Questions

BT Level

Competence

1.

What is the need for compression?

BTL 1

Remembering

2.

Define pitch, period and loudness.

BTL 1

Remembering

3.

List the audio compression techniques.

BTL 1

Remembering

4.

How the performance of a basic DPCM scheme can be

improved by utilizing a more accurate version of the
previous signal?

BTL 1

Remembering

5.

Identify the frame types in video compression.

BTL 1

Remembering

6.

Describe adaptive differential pulse code modulation.

BTL 1

Remembering

7.

Distinguish between LPC and CELPC.

BTL 2

Understanding

8.

Summarize the CELP based standards.

BTL 2

Understanding

9.

Interpret the frequency and temporal masking.

BTL 2

Understanding

10.

Discuss the Dolby AC-1, AC-2 and AC-3 standards.

BTL 2

Understanding

11.

Illustrate the I, P and B-frames.

BTL 3

Applying

12.

Discover the role of formatter.

BTL 3

Applying

13.

Demonstrate the H.261 encoding formats.

BTL 3

Applying

14.

Infer the ways of errors detected in H.263 video

compression standard.

BTL 4

Analyzing

15.

Classify the MPEG standards.

BTL 4

Analyzing

16.

Differentiate MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 standards.

BTL 4

Analyzing

17.

Discriminate MPEG audio and Dolby audio coders.

BTL 5

Evaluating

18.

Assess MPEG-4 decoder schematic.

BTL 5

Evaluating

19.

Develop B-frame
compression.

video

BTL 6

Creating

20.

Conclude how reversible variable length codewords

reduce the effects of transmission errors.

BTL 6

Creating

BTL 1

Remembering

BTL 1

Remembering

BTL 1

Remembering

BTL 1

Remembering

encoding

procedure

in

PART - B
1.

2.

3.

4.

(i) What is differential pulse code modulation?

(3)
(ii) Describe with the aid of a schematic diagram, the
operation of a basic DPCM signal encoder and
decoder. Include in your explanation the source of
errors that can arise.
(13)
(i) How better sound quality for the same bit rate can be
obtained using a subband coding ADPCM. Give
examples of the bit rates used for the lower and
higher subbands and state an application of this type
of codec.
(6)
(ii) Define adaptive PCM and explain ADPCM subband
encoder & decoder with neat schematic.
(10)
(i) Describe the third order predictive DPCM signal
encoder and decoder schematic.
(10)
(ii) Write short notes on adaptive predictive coding. (6)
(i) Identify the perception parameters and associated
vocal tract excitation parameters that are used.
(8)
(ii) List the terms relating to speech coders and explain

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

the meaning.
(8)
(i) Discuss the code excited linear predictive coding. (8)
(ii) Distinguish between LPC and CELP codec.
Include in your explanation the meaning of
waveform template and template codebook.
(8)
(i) Describe the LPC encoder and decoder with
schematic diagram.
(10)
(ii) Summarize the principles on which perceptual
coders are based and how they differ from an LPC
and CELP coder.
(6)
(i) Describe the sensitivity of ear and frequency
masking.
(10)
(ii) Interpret about the temporal masking with the
support of a graph.
(6)
(i) Illustrate a brief outline about the MPEG perceptual
encoder and decoder.
(12)
(ii) Show the three levels of processing used and an
applications and typical bit rate of each in MPEG
perceptual coder.
(4)
(i) Demonstrate the Dolby AC-1, Dolby AC-2, and
Dolby AC-3.
(12)
(ii) Discover the difference between the forward
adaptive bit allocation mode as used with an MPEG
perceptual coder and the fixed bit allocation mode as
used with a Dolby AC-1 coder.
(4)
(i) Compare the H.261 & H.263 video compression
standards.
(4)
(ii) Analyzing the H.261 video encoder and infer the
relation to the macroblock and frame formats. (12)
(i) Differentiate video encoding procedure used with
motion vector and prediction vector.
(4)
(ii) Explain the compressed frames of I-frames, Pframes, B-frames and the reasons for their use. (12)
(i) Classify motion picture expert group standards. (3)
(ii) Pointout H.263 error tracking scheme, independent
segment decoding and reference picture selection
with independent of segment decoding.
(13)
(i) Evaluating the MPEG-1 frame sequence and video bit
stream structure.
(8)
(ii) Assess the MPEG-2 DCT blocks are derived from
each macroblock in an I-frame in the field mode and
in the frame mode. State an application for each
mode.
(8)
(i) Develop the content based video coding and MPEG-4
coding.
(12)
(ii) Invent the compression algorithm used with MPEG-1
differs from that used in the H.261 standard.
(4)

BTL 2

Understanding

BTL 2

Understanding

BTL 2

Understanding

BTL 3

Applying

BTL 3

Applying

BTL 4

Analyzing

BTL 4

Analyzing

BTL 4

Analyzing

BTL 5

Evaluating

BTL 6

Creating

UNIT III - TEXT AND IMAGE COMPRESSION

Compression principles-source encoders and destination encoders-lossless and lossy compression-entropy
encoding source encoding -text compression static Huffman coding dynamic coding arithmetic coding
Lempel ziv-welsh Compression-image compression
PART A
Q.No

Questions

BT Level

Competence

1.
2.

Define the term Compression ratio

What is meant by temporal redundancy

BT1
BT1

Remembering
Remembering

3.
4.

BT1
BT1

Remembering
Remembering

BT1

Remembering

6.

List out the methods in source encoding.

Define entropy. How entropy is related for the performance
measure of statistical encoding?
What are the main objectives of lossless and lossy
compression techniques?
Give the principle of differential encoding.

BT1

Remembering

7.

Summarize the significance and applications of GIF and

BT2

Understanding

5.

TIFF image file formats.

8.

Outline the basic principle of Statistical encoding.

BT2

Understanding

9.

State the principle of Progressive transmission.

BT2

Understanding

10.

When prefix code is called as optimum prefix codes?

BT2

Understanding

11.

Identify the applications of LZW.

BT3

Applying

12.

Develop the expression for coding efficiency to entropy.

BT3

Applying

13.

Choose any one application suited to apply lossy and

BT3

Applying

BT4

Analyzing

BT4

Analyzing

lossless Compression.
14.
15.

In what way the adaptive Huffman code differs from

Huffman code?
Distinguish between static and dynamic Huffman coding.

16.
17.

What is the need of EOL in Facsimile machine?

Justify the need of dictionary based algorithm.

BT4
BT5

Analyzing
Evaluating

18.

Assess the advantages and disadvantages of JPEG DCT.

BT5

Evaluating

19.

Create the expression for DCT of each 8X8 block values.

BT6

Creating

20.

Propose the frame format for JPEG.

BT6

Creating

PART B
1.

2.

Define the following:

i. Source encoders & destination decoders
(4)
ii. Lossless and Lossy compression techniques (4)
iii. Entropy Encoding
(4)
iv. Source Encoding
(4)
(i) Explain JPEG encoding process in detail.
(12)
(ii) Explain why differential encoding is used for the
compression of the DC coefficient in successive blocks. (4)

Remembering
BT1

BT1

Remembering

3.

BT1

Remembering

BT1

Remembering

Explain with example the concept of :

i. Entropy encoding (8)
ii. Source encoding. (8)
Summarize the principle of :
i. Arithmetic coding(8)
ii. LZW algorithm. (8)

BT2

Understanding

BT2

Understanding

7.

Explain the following terms relating to facsimile machines:

(i)Termination codes
(4)
(ii) make-up codes
(4)
(iii) Over scanning
(4)
(iv) EOL code and its uses (4)

BT2

Understanding

8.

A series of messages is to be transferred between

computers. The message comprises of the characters a
through f. The probability of occurrence of the characters
a through f are 0.4, 0.2, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 0.1 respectively. Use
Huffman coding procedure to derive a codeword and also
obtain the average codeword length.
(i) The following character string is to be transmitted using
Huffman coding A B A C A D A B A C A D A B A C A B
A B. Compute and draw the Huffman code tree.
(10)
(ii) With an example, explain Shannon- Fano Coding (6)

BT3

Applying

BT3

Applying

10.

With the aid of a diagram, identify the 5 main stage

associated with the base Line mode of operation of JPEG
and give a brief description of the role of each stage.

BT4

Analyzing

11.

Criticise the importance of entropy encoding and source

encoding with example.
Examine the basic mode of operation of GIF. Include in
your explanation the size of the color table used, how each
pixel value is sent, and how the receiver knows the image
parameters used by this source.

BT4

Analyzing

BT4

Analyzing

Explain the importance of arithmetic encoding algorithm

and encode the string with the probabilities of the character
went$ . The probabilities are : e=0.3, n=0.3, t=0.2,
w=0.1, $=0.1

BT5

Evaluating

4.

5.

6.

9.

12.

13.

With the aid of diagram explain in a qualities way the

meaning of the following terms relating to transform
encoding.
(i) Spatial frequency
(4)
(ii) Horizontal & vertical components (4)
(iii) DCT
(8)
Give a detailed note on the following image file formats:
(i) GIF (8)
(ii). TIFF (8).

14.

Messages comprising Seven different characters, A through

G are to be transmitted over a data link, analysis has shown
that the relative frequency of occurrence of each character
is A 0.10, B 0.25, C 0.05, D 0.32, E 0.01, F 0.07, G 0.2
a. Derive the entropy the messages
(4)
b. Use static Huffman coding to derive a suitable set of
code words
(6)
c. Derive the average number of bits per code word for four
code word set to transmit a message
(4)
d. compare this with the fixed length binary code words.
(2)

BT6

Creating

UNIT IV - VOIP TECHNOLOGY

Basics of IP transport, VoIP challenges, H.323/ SIP Network Architecture, Protocols, Call
establishment and release, VoIP and SS7, Quality of Service- CODEC Methods- VOIP applicability
PART A
Q.No

Questions

1.

What are the major challenges involved in the implementation

of VOIP.
Write the applications of VOIP in multimedia systems.
List the salient features of VOIP technology.
Describe Real Time Transport Protocol.
Point out the commands used in MEGACO.
Draw OSI- IP protocol stack for voice transport.
What do you mean by Real Time Transport Protocol?

BT1

Remembering

BT1
BT1
BT1
BT1
BT1
BT2

Remembering
Remembering
Remembering
Remembering
Remembering
Understanding

BT2

Understanding

9.
10.
11.

Which is the first successful set of protocols for VOIP?

How it is called in another way?
Define media descriptor in MEGACO.
Summarize all CODEC methods.
Illustrate the role of ARQ in H323.

BT2
BT2
BT3

Understanding
Understanding
Applying

12.

Classify and describe the SIP basic classes.

BT3

Applying

13.
14.
15.

Sketch the H.323 network architecture with neat diagram.

Analyse the need and draw the SIGTRAN protocol suite.
Categorize the commonly used CODECs and its features.

BT3
BT4
BT4

Applying
Analyzing
Analyzing

16.

BT4

Analyzing

17.
18.

How does a call establishment take place in VOIP?

Justify how QOS is measured in VOIP.
Explain soft switch architecture.

BT5
BT5

Evaluating
Evaluating

19.

Formulate MEGACO protocol context and termination.

BT6

Creating

20.

Discuss the features of SS7 and its applications.

BT6

Creating

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

BT Level

PART B

Competence

(i) Give a detailed note on challenges in VOIP and its

applications.
(ii) Write a brief note on QoS issues in VOIP.

(12)
(4)

2.

(i) Define and explain the architecture of SIP.

(ii) List the Various CODEC methods.

(10)
(6)

3.

1.

BT1

Remembering

BT1

Remembering

Write short notes on:

BT1
i. SCTP
(8)
ii. MPLS
(8)
Explain the following in MEGACO protocol.
BT1
(i)
MEGACO transaction
(4)
(ii) MEGACO commands
(4)
(iii) MEGACO descriptions
(4)
(iv)
MEGACO call establishment.(4)
Explain the H.323/ SIP network architecture along with protocol
BT2
stack with neat diagram.
(16)

Remembering

6.

(i) Summarize the basics of SS7 signalling and describe its

applications in VOIP.
(8)
(ii) Explain the call establishment and release phase of VOIP
connection with neat diagram.
(8)

BT2

Understanding

7.

Explain the SIP messages and address formats. Describe the

session establishment, termination and call tracking using SIP.
(4*4=16)
Identify the meaning of the source descriptor items used
in RTCP source description packet. Specifically find the
meaning of CNAME, NAME, EMAIL, PHONE, LOC,
TOOL, NOTE & PRIV.
What are the features of MEGACO protocol? Explain the
techniques involved in MEGACO protocol.
i . Discuss the terminology and concept behind VOIP?
(10)
ii. Explain the basics of IP transport in detail.
(6)

BT2

Understanding

BT3

Applying

BT3

Applying

4.

5.

8.

9.
10.
11.

12.

(i) How the call establishment will be carried out in H.323.

Explain in detail.
(10)
(ii) Analyse the fast connect procedure of H.323 with necessary
diagrams.
(6)
Determine the format of RTCP sender and give description to
the packet length and the fields repeated for each source.
Describe each field.
(16)

Remembering

Understanding

Creating
BT6

BT4

Creating
Analysing

BT4

Analyzing

13.

(i) Examine the types of CODECs for handling VOIP traffic.(10)

(ii) How SIGTRAN is related with IP & SS7? Explain.
(6)

BT4

Analyzing

14.

Compare the similarities and differences of UDP and RTP with

TCP/IP. Justify your answers.
(8*2=16)

BT5

Evaluating

UNIT V - MULTIMEDIA NETWORKING

Multimedia networking -Applications-streamed stored and audio-making the best Effort service-protocols
for real time interactive Applications-distributing multimedia-beyond best effort service-secluding and
policing Mechanisms-integrated services-differentiated Services-RSVP.
PART A
Q.No

1.

Questions

List out the schemes for streaming stored media & name the
advantages of each scheme

2.

BT Level

Competence

BTL 1

Remembering

BTL 1

Remembering

BTL 1

Remembering

BTL 1

Remembering

BTL 1

Remembering

BTL 1

Remembering

BTL 2

Understanding

BTL 2

Understanding

BTL 2

Understanding

BTL 2

Understanding

BTL 3

Applying

BTL 3

Applying

BTL 3

Applying

BTL 4

Analysing

BTL 4

Analysing

BTL 4

Analysing

BTL 5

Evaluating

BTL 5

Evaluating

BTL 6

Creating

BTL 6

Creating

BTL 1

Remembering

Recall the link scheduling discipline methods.

3.
Define network dimensioning.
4.
What is bandwidth provisioning?
5.
Show the limitation of best effort service.
6.
7.
8.

Outline the features of best effort service.

Summarize the important points about interactivity for streaming
stored audio/Video.
Discuss the meaning of interactivity for real time interactive
audio/video.

9.
10.

Explain the role of the DNS in CDN.

Classify the different RTP stream in different session identified by
a receiver.

11.
Illustrate the role of SIP register.
12.
Interpret the header fields in RTP through proper diagram.
13.
How will you distinguish RTP & RTC packets?
14.
Analyse the causes of packet jitter.
15.
16.

Categorize the difference between end to end delay & packet jitter.
Choose some of the difficulties associated with the intserv model and
per-flow reservation of resources.

17.
18.
19.

Briefly explain the removal of jitter at the receiver for audio.

What are the 3 approaches that can be used to support Multimedia
applications?
Discuss how the role of an SIP register is different from that of a
home agent in mobile IP.

20.
Elaborate about streaming of Audio/Video.
PART B
1.

(i)Explain the interactivity for streaming stored audio/video for

real time interactive applications.
(8)
(ii)Write short notes on
(i) Real time streaming protocol
(8)

2.
3.
4.

5.
6.

7.
8.

9.

10.
11.
12.

13.

14.

(ii) Decompression
(iii) Jitter removal
(iv) Quanitization
(i) List out RTCP packet types.
(4)
(ii) Explain the information contained in RTCP packet types.(12)

BTL 1

Remembering

BTL 1

Remembering

(i)How the performance of audio quality can be recovered from

packet loss?
(8)
(ii) Mention the procedures to be followed for quality
maintenance of Audio.
(8)
(i)Interpret the similarities of RTSP and HTTP.
(4)
(ii)Explain how the RTSP methods can be used to request a
stream?
(12)
Summarize the important points on :
(i) Leaky bucket
(4)
(ii) WFQ
(4)
(iii) SIP
(4)
(iv) H323
(4)

BTL 1

Remembering

BTL 2

Understanding

BTL 2

Understanding

Identify the limitations of best effort services in making

multimedia networking. Explain in detail
(16)
(i) Explain the various scheduling mechanisms.
(8)
(ii) What are the policing mechanisms used in multimedia
networking? Summarize.
(8)
Apply the knowledge on RTCP concepts to solve the problem.
Consider an RTP session consist of 4 users, all of which are
sending and receiving RTP packets in to the same Multicast
address, each user sends video at 100 kbps.
(i) What is the rate of RTCP to limit the traffic?
(4)
(ii) How much RTCP bandwidth will be allocated for particular
receiver?
(6)
(ii) How much RTCP bandwidth will be allocated for a particular
sender?
(6)

BTL 2

Understanding

BTL 3

Applying

BTL 3

Applying

(i) What would be pre-emptive priority queuing?

(6)
(ii) Inspect the pre-emptive priority queuing for computer
networks.
(10)
(i) Compare RTSP and HTTP.
(4)
(ii) Examine the process of RTSP to maintain the state information
about the client
(12)
(i) Analyse any one of the protocols for real time interactive
applications with suitable diagrams.
(8)
(ii) Examine the motivation of packet jitters.
(8)
(i) Criticize on how the jitter can be removed from audio at the
receiver end.
(8)
(ii) Construct the planning of the inter arrival time jitter in RICP
reception report.
(8)
Explain the possibility for CDN to provide worse performance to a
host requesting a Multimedia object than if the host has requested
the objects from the distant origin server?
(16)

BTL 4

Analyzing

BTL 4

Analyzing

BTL 4

Analyzing

BTL 5

Creating

BTL 6

Evaluating

Explain intserv model and per-flow reservation of resources. (16)