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O V E R V I E W
PLUMBING
1.
HISTORY
Copper Pipe used in a water system in the
ancient palace ruins in the Indus Valley 5,500
years old
HISTORY
In the ancient Babylon, the science of
hydraulics had been established as
evidenced by their skillful planning in
their network of canals
During the Roman Empire (500BC455AD), aqueducts were built to
convey water from sources to houses
HISTORY
Construction of underground public
water supply system for public baths.
Ex: bath of Diocletian, a bath that could
accommodate 3,200 bathers at one time.
HISTORY
The quality of plumbing declined after the
fall of the Roman Empire in A.D. 476.
During the middle ages, people
disposed of waste materials by
throwing them into the streets. In 1500s
a type of water closet was developed.
Septic tanks were introduced in the
mid-1800s, and a modern sewerage
system began operating in London in
the 1860s
HISTORY
Plumbing Practice in the
Philippines
In 1902, the Plumbing Trade was duly recognized by the
government in the City of Manila. Master Plumber John F.
Haas became the first Chief of the Division of Plumbing
Construction and Inspection. A Plumbing Code based on
the Plumbing Code of the United States was incorporated into
the Building Code for the City of Manila.
In 1935, the National Master Plumbers Association of the
Philippines (NAMPAP) was formally organized
Manila City Ordinance 2411, the Plumbing Code for the
City of Manila was enacted and placed under the
Department of Public Services, Manila.z
Principles
22 Basic Principles of the
Plumbing Code
All premises intended for human use or habitation shall
be provided with a supply of pure `nor subject to backflow
or back- siphonage.
1
2
3
4
Principles
5
6
7
8
Principles
All piping shall be of durable NAMPAP-APPROVED
materials, free from defective workmanship, designed
and constructed by Registered Master Plumbers to ensure
satisfactory service.
9
10
11
12
13
Principles
Substance which will clog the pipes, produce explosive
mixtures, destroy the pipes or their joints or interfere
unduly with the sewage-disposal process shall not be
allowed to enter the building drainage system.
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15
16
17
Principles
18
19
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22
Components
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM
PLUMBING FIXTURES
SANITARY DRAINAGE SYSTEM
STORM DRAINAGE SYSTEM
FUEL GAS PIPING SYSTEM
Nature of Water
DISTRIBUTION
U S E
Water Mains,
Storage Tanks
Pressure,
Piping
Networks
Plumbing
Fixtures
S O U R C E
COLLECTION
Lakes, Rivers,
Reservoirs
Gravity,
Piping
Networks
Treated water
returned to the
original source
TREATMENT
DISPOSAL
Sewage Plants,
Natural
Purification
Sanitary and
Storm Sewers
SUPPLY
WATER DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM
Sources of Water
Sources of Water
Rainfall
Obtained from roofs and watersheds. It is
Underground Water
That portion of the rainwater which has
Sources of Water
For Domestic Use:
SOURCE
Natural
Surface
Water
Obtained from
ponds, lakes
and rivers
Easy to
acquire;
Usually in large
quantities;
Used for
irrigation,
industrial
purposes and,
when treated,
for community
water supply
Contains a large
amounts of
bacteria, organic,
& inorganic
substances;
Purification &
treatment is
necessary
Sources of Water
For Domestic Use:
SOURCE
Rain
Water
Only a source
during the wet
season;
Storage
becomes a
breeding place
for mosquitoes;
Roofs may not
be clean
Sources of Water
For Domestic Use:
SOURCE
Ground
Water
Obtained from
underground by
means of
mechanical &
manual
equipment;
From springs
and wells and is
the principal
source of water
for domestic
use in most
rural areas
Usually has an
abundant
supply;
requires less
treatment
because of
natural filtering
May have
organic matter &
chemical
elements;
treatment is
suggested;
Character of
ground water, its
hardness,
depends upon
the nature and
condition of the
soil and rock
through which it
passes or
percolates
Types of Water
Natural Water
Readily found in nature
Purified Water
Water which undergoes treatment, either
physical, biological or chemical means to
improve water quality.
Contaminated Water
Water with any material or substance that affects the
quality of water and affects the health of an individual.
Types of Water
Polluted Water
Water with the presence of any foreign
substance
Hard Water
Water with the presence of elements such as calcium,
Magnesium, Iron and aluminum.
Soft Water
Water without the presence of Calcium and Magnesium.
Types of Water
Grey Water
Water from laundries, wash basins, sinks, shower, bathtubs
Black Water
Water plus human waste that is flushed out of toilets
and urinals.
Storm Water
Rain, Surface run-off.
Properties of Water:
1. Heat Capacity
ability to absorb heat without becoming much
warmer.
2. Surface Tension
ability of water to stick to itself and pull itself
together.
Properties of Water:
3. Capillarity
ability of water to climb up a surface
against the pull of gravity
4. Dissolving Ability
ability to dissolve almost any substance, it
is known as a universal solvent
Water Treatment
PROBLEMS
CAUSE
EFFECTS
CORRECTION
1. Acidity
Entrance of
oxygen and
carbon dioxide
Corrosion of
non-ferrous
pipes
Rusting &
clogging of
steel pipes
Raising alkaline
content by the
introduction of
a neutralizer
(sodium
silicate)
2. Hardness
Presence of
Clogging of
magnesium and pipes
Impaired
calcium salts
laundry and
cooking
3. Turbidity
Silt or mud in
surface or in
ground
Discoloration
Bad taste
Boiling
Use of an ion
exchanger
(zeolite
process)
Filtration
Quality of Water
Water Quality Problems &
Their Correction:
PROBLEMS
CAUSE
EFFECTS
CORRECTION
4. Color
Presence of
Iron and
manganese
Discoloration of Oxidizing
fixtures
filter
and laundry
5. Pollution
Contamination
by organic
matter or
sewage
Disease
Chlorination
Water Treatment
Treatment & Purification:
OBJECTIONALBLE
ELEMENT
Calcium, Magnesium
Sulfur
Salt
Iron
Pathogenic germs
Acid
Algae
Water Treatment
Treatment & Purification:
OBJECTIONALBLE
ELEMENT
Carbon Dioxide,
Hydrogen Sulfide
METHOD OF TREATMENT
Aeration
Suspended Material
Bacteria
Calcium &
Magnesium
Iron
Iron Filters
Sulfur
Chlorination
Pathogenic Germs
Disinfection
Acid
Purification of Water
AERATION
COAGULATION
(FLOCCULATION)
Purification of Water
FILTRATION
SEDIMENTATION
CHLORINATION
Purification of Water
AERATION (OXIDATION)
OZONATION
Purification of Water
DISTILLATION
to allow condensation.
SEDIMENTATION
CORROSION CONTROL
Purification of Water
NUISANCE CONTROL
such as algae..
ADSORPTION
ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION
a low pressure tank, where the water partially vaporized. The water
vapor is then condensed and removed as pure water. The process is
repeated many times.
Dug Well
Most common type
Usually dug manually
Around 15 m deep
a.k.a. shallow well
cylindrical bucket
two-blade auger
helical auger
tubular auger
jetting in casing
Driven Well
Dug with a sharp pointed hollow
slotted iron rod and well screen
Depths are from 10-15 meters
driving on clamp
Sump Pumps
Sump pumps are used in applications where excess water must be
pumped away from a particular area.
Sump pumps, in general, is a category that encompasses a number
of styles of pumps that are used to pump out collected fluid
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Water Supply System
A system in plumbing which provides and
distributes water to the different parts of the
building or structure, for purposes such as
drinking, cleaning, washing, culinary use, etc.
Drainage System
All the piping within a public or
private premises which conveys sewage,
rainwater or other liquid wastes to a point
of disposal
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Sanitary Drainage Pipes
Pipes installed to remove the
wastewater and water-borne wastes
from plumbing fixtures and convey
these to the sanitary sewer and other
point of disposal.
Ventilation System
A system of pipes, fittings and other
devices installed for the purpose of
providing circulation of air and creating
balanced atmospheric condition within
the
system
thereby
preventing
siphonage and backpressure.
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Soil Pipe
A pipe that conveys the discharge of
water closets or similar fixtures
containing fecal matter.
Waste Pipe
A pipe that conveys only liquid
waste free of fecal matter.
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Sewage
Any liquid waste containing animal
or vegetable matter in suspension or
solution. It may include liquids
containing chemicals in solution.
Drain
A pipe which carries ground and
surface water, storm water or waste water
into the building drainage system.
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Storm Drainage System
System of pipes, fittings, devices
and appurtenances for removing storm
water-rainwater, surface run-off and
underground seepage resulting from
precipitation.