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(d)
7.
(b)
13.
(c)
19.
(b)
25.
(c)
2.
(a)
8.
(d)
14.
(c)
20.
(c)
26.
(a)
3.
(d)
9.
(b)
15.
(b)
21.
(c)
27.
(b)
4.
(c)
10.
(c)
16.
(c)
22.
(a)
28.
(a)
5.
(c)
11.
(a)
17.
(d)
23.
(a)
29.
(a)
6.
(a)
12.
(c)
18.
(d)
24.
(b)
30.
(c)
(d)
2. (a)
V0
2d
3/2
/2
Output voltage V0 =
4Vs
4Vs
sin d 1
= 120, 2d = 120 d = 60
Vrms(fundamental) =
3.
4.
5.
4Vs
(d)
Ripple current is independent of E(back emf) so it remains same.
(c)
(c)
RMS output voltage for single-phase half-bridge inverter
(V0rms )HB
Output power
P0 HB =
P0 HB =
Vdc
2
2
(V0rms
)HB = Vdc2
4R
2
Vdc
4R
...(1)
(V )
0rms
Output power
FB
= Vdc
P0 FB =
P0 FB =
(V )
2
0rms
FB
2
Vdc
R
2
Vdc
R
...(2)
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
2
Vdc
P0HB
4R
=
2
P0FB
Vdc
R
4 P0 HB = P0 FB
6. (a)
RMS value of fundamental component is
V1rms =
2Vdc
= 10.8 V
2
Vdc = 24 V
Vdc
= 12 V
2
n = 3,5,7
1/ 2
Vn2
rms
V02 V12
rms
1/ 2
= 122 (10.8)2
= 5.23 V
=
7.
1/ 2
2
V02 V1rms
V1rms
5.23
= 0.484 = 48.4%
10.8
(b)
8. (d)
The advantages possessed by PWM technique are as under :
(i)
The output voltage control with this method can be obtained
without any additional components.
(ii) With this method lower order harmonics can be eliminated or minimised along with its output voltage
control. As higher order harmonics can be filtered easily, the filtering requirements are minimised.
9. (b)
The converter circuits which employ zero voltage and/or zero current switching are called resonant converters.
These converters are basically used to reduce the switching losses.
10. (c)
A dual converter with circulating current mode is preferred if load current is to be reversed quite frequently
and a fast response is desired in the four quadrant operation of the dual converter.
11. (a)
Approximately, the slip may be neglected, with the output inverter frequency related to synchronous speed.
N =
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120 f
P
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900 4
= 30 Hz
120
220
30 = 132 V.
50
12. (c)
We have, RMS value of fundamental component
V1rms =
2Vdc
= 10.8 V
2
2Vdc
= 3.6V
3 2
Vdc = 24 V
HF for the third harmonic
V3rms
3.6
=
= 33.33%
HF3 = V
10.8
1rms
(V
3rms
/ 32
V1rms
13. (c)
Here
Vm =
2 230V
3Vm
3 2 230
= 310.60 V
V0 E 310.60 240
=
= 8.82 A
R
8
14. (c)
The resistances
R1 = R2 =
Vdc 120
=
= 6
I
20
t off
R1
= 1.44
60 106
= 14.4 F
6
15. (b)
For a three phase bridge inverter, rms value of output line voltage
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
2
Vdc
3
Vline(rms) =
Vdc = 500 V
Vm
(1 + cos ) = Ea + Iara
330
(1 + cos 30) = 80 + Ia 4
196.01 = 80 + Ia 4
Average armature current,
Ia =
T =
Motor torque,
196.01 80
= 29 A
4
E Ia
80 29
=
= 15.82 Nm
1400
N
2
2
60
60
17. (d)
KVL in the loop is,
V + L
di
= 0
dt
V = L
dt =
di
dt
L
di
V
dt
V di
0.1
4 103
100
t min = 4 s
The minimum width of the gating pulse required to properly turn on the SCR is 4 s.
t min =
18. (d)
V03 =
4 Vs
4 230
sin3(t ) =
sin3(t )
3
3
Z3 = R + j 3 L
3 C
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= 4 + j 3 2 50 35 103
3 2 50 155 10
= 4 + j(32.986 6.8453)
42 + (26.1407)2
Z3 = 26.44
I0 =
97.6150
1
= 2.61A
26.44
2
19. (b)
In a single-phase semiconverter
Input displacement factor (IDF) = cos 1 = cos
2
= cos = cos 30
2
IDF = 0.866
Is1
Is
2 =
( )
2 2 cos
2 2 0.866
60
180
= 0.955
20. (c)
The output voltage waveforms of the circuit is
i
VS
C
L
VC
VS
2VS
VD
0
VS
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V0 = Vs
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11
12
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
I0
Imax
I
IL
Imin
V0TOFF
L
I = 2IL = 2 I0
This is applicable only at boundary of continuous and discontinuous condition
I =
LC =
23.
24.
Vs (1 )
2 0f
(a)
(b)
Here in this case line commutated inverter means the battery is supplying power to source.
I0 =
V0 =
E + I0 R =
5000
= 11.11 A
450
3Vml
cos
3(400) 2
cos
1 312.236
= cos
540.189
= 125.31
25. (c)
The diode will start conducting at an angle 1, where
1 = sin1
150
= 27.46
2 230
2R 1
2 27.46
2 2 230cos27.46 150
2 8
180
I0 = 4.97 A
power delivered to battery is,
P = E I0 = 150 4.97
P = 745.5 W
=
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13
26. (a)
VO
Vm
t
trr
trr
If reverse recovery time is taken into consideration, the diodes D1 and D2 will not be off at t = , but will
continue to conduct until
+ t rr
t =
Vr =
1 rr
Vm sin t d (t )
0
Vm
(1 cos trr )
Vr =
2Vm
2 2 230
= 207.07 V
V0 =
Vr =
Vm
(1 cos trr )
2 230
180
6
1 cos 2 2500 40 10
= 19.77 V
19.77
100
207.07
= 9.55%
27. (b)
If number of pulses increases, output waveform becomes more uniform dc. The harmonic content will be
decreased.
28. (a)
When zero of the triangular wave coincides with zero of the reference sinusoid, there are (m 1) pulses per
half cycle.
i.e.,
fc
2f 1
(m 1)
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14
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
29. (a)
+
io
Va
Vc
ia
T1
T3
T5
L
o
a
d
ib
Vb
T4
T6
V0
T2
ic
vs
vb
va
vc
va
Vm
0
60
90
120
180
360
VA = Vm sint
Phase A will get maximum voltage at t = 90. At this instant
V0 = VA VB
V0 = Vm sint Vm sin(t 120)
= Vm Vm sin(30)
V0 = 1.5 Vm
[ t = 90]
30. (c)
Even harmonics are always zero for a halfwave symmetry waveform.
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