MODULE 11

THE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

Sanitary or Soil Drainage System
Waste Drainage System
Vent System
Storm Drainage System

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The Drainage System

Drainage System includes all the pipings within

public or private premises which convey sewage

or other liquid wastes to a legal point of disposal
but does not include the mains of a public sewer
system or a public sewage treatment or disposal
plant. (Sec. 205.10 NPC 1999)
It is also known as the DWV System (Drainage,

Waste and Vent).

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Types of Wastes in the Drainage System:

Types of Wastes
1. Liquid Waste is the discharge from any fixture, appliance

or appurtenance in connection with a plumbing system

which does not receive fecal matter.
(Sec. 213.8
NPC 1999)
2. Sanitary Sewage the wastewater containing human
excrement and liquid household waste. Also called domestic
sewage. (Sec. 220.2 NPC 1991)
3. Industrial Waste any and all liquid or water-borne waste
from industrial or commercial processes, except domestic
sewage. (Sec. 210.3 NPC 1999)
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Other Drainage Terms and Definitions:

Fixture a receptacle other than a trap attached to a

plumbing system in which water may be collected or

retained for ultimate discharge into the plumbing system.
Sewage any wastewater containing animal or vegetable
matter in suspension or solution and may include liquids
containing chemicals in solution.
Sewer a pipe or conduit for carrying sewage and
wastewater.
Sewerage or Sewerage Works a comprehensive term,
including all constructions for collection, transportation,
pumping, treatment and final disposition of sewage.
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SEWAGE SPILLS:
are caused by clogged
pipes or too much
waste flow.

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The 4 Major Components of the Drainage System:

Sanitary or Soil Drainage

Vent System The piping installed to

provide a flow of air to or from a

System the piping that
drainage system or to provide a
conveys the discharge of water
circulation of air within such system to
closets or fixtures having
protect trap seals from siphonage and
similar functions (containing
back pressure.
fecal matter), with or without
the discharges from other
Storm Drainage System - the
fixtures.
piping system that receives clear water
drainage from leaders, downspouts,
Waste Drainage System
surface runoff, ground water,
the piping that receives the
subsurface water, condensate water,
liquid discharge from
cooling water or other similar
plumbing fixtures other than
discharges and conveys them to the
water closets. It is free of
point of disposal. All sanitary wastes
fecal matter.
must not be included in this system.
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Storm Drainage
System: Downspout,
Catch Basin & Storm pipe

Vent System: Main

Vent Stack & Vent Stack
Thru Roof (VSTR)

Waste Drainage System:

Waste pipe from Kitchen
sink

Sanitary Drainage
System: Soil pipe from
water closet and other
fixtures

Points of Disposal
Private Treatment
Facility: Septic Tank

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Terms and Definitions in the DWV System:

Building Drain is that part of the lowest horizontal piping of a

drainage system which receives the discharge from soil, waste &
other drainage pipes inside the walls of the building & conveys it
to the building sewer beginning 600 mm outside the building
wall. It is also known as House Drain.
Building Sewer is that part of the horizontal piping of a
drainage system which starts from the end of the building drain &
receives the discharge of the building drain & conveys it to the
public sewer, private sewer, individual sewage disposal system or
other point of disposal.
House Sewer is that part of a plumbing system extending from
the house drain at a point 600 mm from the outside face of the
foundation wall of a building to the conjunction with the street
sewer or to any point of discharge, and conveying the drainage of
one building site.
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 Waste pipe a pipe which conveys only wastewater or liquid waste, free of fecal

matter.
Soil pipe any pipe which conveys the discharge of water closet, urinal or fixtures

having similar functions, with or without the discharges from other fixtures to the
building drain or building sewer.
Soil Stack pipe A vertical soil pipe conveying fecal matter and wastewater.
Vent pipe a pipe or opening used for ensuring the circulation of air in a plumbing

system and for relieving the negative pressure exerted on trap seals.
Vent Stack the vertical vent pipe installed primarily for providing circulation of air

to and from any part of the soil, waste of the drainage system.
Stack Vent the extension of a soil or waste stack above the highest horizontal drain

connected to the stack.

Stack Vent Through Roof (SVTR) the uppermost end of the stack vent above

the roof.
Branch Vent a horizontal vent connecting one or more individual vertical back

vents with the vent stack or stack vent.

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TRAPS permit

VENTS protect the water

waste &
wastewater to
enter the drainage
system & prevent
any sewer gases
from entering the
house. The water
seal utilizes a
portion of the
wastewater to act
as a barrier.

seals in traps and permit

them to operate effectively.
By admitting air to the
system, vents permit
atmospheric pressure on
both sides of the trap seal
to be maintained, and
permit air to enter at the
same time as gases escape
the drainage system.

Cleanout

SOIL STACKS &

LINES are bigger in

Cleanout
Cleanout

WASTE LINES

carry wastes such as hair,

lint, grease, food scraps,
etc. Because of this
function, cleanouts
should be located so that
the entire system can be
opened up if necessary.

diameter than the waste

lines, except at ground
floor or basement

The DWV System combines the use of

TRAPS, VENTS, WASTE LINES and SOIL
STACKS & LINES
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VSTR or SVTR
Branch Vent

Vent Stack

Individual Vent
or Back Vent

Wall Cleanout
Lavatory

600 mm from
foundation wall

Auxiliary
Floor Drain

Floor
Cleanout

Waste Pipe

Water
Closet

House Drain
or Building
Drain

Shower Floor Drain

Sanitary or Soil Pipe

Cleanout

House Sewer or
Building Sewer
Cleanout

Cleanout
Digestive
Chamber
Holding
Chamber

To point of Disposal

The DWV SYSTEM

Septic Tank

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Fixture Pipe Joint

Details
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DWV Pipes and Fittings: Materials

Excreta Drainage pipings

shall be;
1. Cast Iron
2. Ductile Iron
3. Galvanized Steel
4. Galvanized Wrought Iron
5. Lead
6. Copper
7. Brass
8. PVC DWV Series 1000
9. Extra-strength Vitrified
Clay Pipe
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Drainage Fittings shall be of:

1. Cast Iron
2. Malleable Iron
3. Lead
4. Brass
5. Copper
6. ABS
7. PVC
8. Vitrified Clay

CAST IRON SOIL PIPES (CISP)

SPIGOT the end
of a pipe which fits
into a bell.

Telescoping Length: 64mm

(2-1/2) to 108mm (4-1/4)

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Cast Iron Soil Pipe is made from an alloy of iron, carbon& silicon,
with the controlled amounts of manganese, sulfur & phosphorous.
This is primarily used for sanitary drain, waste and storm water
systems.
BELL or HUB
that portion of a
pipe which, for a
short distance, is
sufficiently
enlarge to receive
the end of
another pipe of
the same
diameter for the
purpose of
making a caulked
or push-on joint.

Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU

Classification of CISP

1. Class A Extra Heavy (XH) is often

used for underground applications.
2. Class B Service Weight (SV) is used
for general building installations.

Properties of CISP
Available Diameter (Nominal I.D.): 2, 3,
4, 5, 6, 8, 12, and 15
Length: 1500mm (5) and 3000mm (10)
Hydrostatic Test:
345 kPa (50 psi) for Service Weight
690 kPa (100 psi) for Extra Heavy)

Cast Iron Soil Pipe

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Cast Iron Soil Pipe (CISP) Fittings

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DRAINAGE, WASTE AND VENT SYSTEM

DESIGN AND CALCULATIONS
SAMPLE PROJECT

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End of Presentation

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Danilo V. Ravina NAMPAP - CEBU