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GT2006-90599
FRACTURE ANALYSIS OF CRACKS IN ORTHOTROPIC MATERIALS USING ANSYS
A.O. Ayhan1, A.C. Kaya2, A. Loghin2, J.H. Laflen1, R.D. McClain1, D. Slavik1
1
ABSTRACT
ANSYS is a registered trademark of SAS IP, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of ANSYS Inc.
2 =
s1 =
s1 =
v = KI
Ex
+ K II
2r
(c
2
c c45
44 55
1 / 2
Im (cos + s3 sin )
1/ 2
(7)
a22 =
1
Ey
, a = xy = yx and a = 1 ,
66
12
Ex
(8)
G12
Ey
ai 3 a j 3
a33
(9)
, i, j = 1,2
i 3 3i
=
Ei
E3
and a = 1 .
33
(10)
E3
1
1/ 2
1/ 2
Re
q 2 (cos + s 2 sin ) q1 (cos + s1 sin )
s
s
1 2
w = K III
1
Ex
ai 3 =
(6)
where
(1)
bij = aij
1
1/ 2
1/ 2
Re
s1q 2 (cos + s 2 sin ) s 2 q1 (cos + s1 sin ) (2)
s1 s 2
2r
(5)
1
1/ 2
1/ 2
Re
s1 p2 (cos + s2 sin ) s2 p1 (cos + s1 sin )
s1 s2
2r 1
1/ 2
1/ 2
Re
p2 (cos + s2 sin ) p1 (cos + s1 sin )
s1 s2
2r
1
1
1
1
1
( ) 2 + i( + ) 2 , s2 = 1 ( ) 2 + i( + ) 2
2
2
a11 =
+ K II
For plane stress, the compliance constants, aij, are given as,
qi =
2r
u = KI
1
1
1
1
i
( + ) 2 ( ) 2 , s2 = i ( + ) 2 + ( ) 2
2
2
and
Ez
(4)
2a11
Ey
a22
a11
(3)
(11)
ORTHOTROPIC
ANSYS
FRACTURE
ANALYSIS
USING
For performing fracture analysis, ANSYS uses the socalled quarter-point elements, in which the mid-side nodes on
the element edges perpendicular to the crack front are moved to
the quarter points [12]. It is well known that the procedure of
moving the mid-side nodes of a quadratic isoparametric
element to the quarter points introduces the r-1/2 singular
behavior to the elements strain field [13-15]. Although this
method embeds the singularity in the cracks strain field, it does
not necessarily enforce the analytically known behavior of the
near-tip displacements and strains with respect to the angular
position, i.e., the terms in equations (1)-(3). Therefore, when
the quadratic wedge elements are used, refinement in the
angular direction is needed for better representation of the
crack-tip fields in the angular direction.
u
= A + Br
r
u 24 = u2 u 4 , u35 = u3 u5
v+ = KI
r f (s1 , s 2 , p1 , p 2 )
r g (s1 , s 2 , q1 , q 2 )
w + = K III r
where
where
h(c44 , c55 )
u 24
and u35
= A + Br2
= A + Br3
r2
r3
(18)
Solving the equations in (18) for A and B and using the relation
r3 = 4r2, we obtain,
A=
i( p p1 ) (13)
f (s1 , s2 , p1 , p2 ) = Re 2
s1 s2
4u 35 8u 24
8u 24 u35 and
B=
3r33 / 2
3 r3
(19)
i (s q s q ) (14)
g (s1 , s2 , q1 , q2 ) = Re 1 2 2 1
s1 s2
(17)
(16)
u + = K II
lim
r 0
(15)
u
= A = 2 K II
r
f ( s1 , s2 , p1 , p2 )
(20)
K II =
A
2
f ( s1 , s 2 , p1 , p 2 )
(21)
(22)
w
= E + Fr
r
a)
(23)
K III =
where,
C=
(24)
C
2
g ( s1 , s2 , q1 , q2 )
(25)
E
h
(
s
3 , c44 , c55 )
b)
8v 24 v35 and
8w24 w35
E=
3 r3
3 r3
(26)
Ey
Material
Ex
h
Isotropic I
Isotropic II
Orthotropic I
Orthotropic II
SC
DS
Ex (psi)
Ey (psi)
xy
Gxy (psi)
2.475E+07
8.000E+06
8.000E+06
2.475E+07
1.871E+07
2.505E+07
2.475E+07
8.000E+06
2.475E+07
8.000E+06
1.871E+07
1.773E+07
0.0360
0.1114
0.0360
0.1114
0.3799
0.3700
7.000E+05
7.000E+05
1.846E+07
1.807E+07
0
Figure 3: Edge Crack in An Orthotropic Strip.
K1 (psi-in^0.5) K1 (psi-in^0.5)
% Error
[17]
ANSYS Macro
Isotropic I
5.0086
4.9716
-0.7387
Isotropic II
5.0086
4.9717
-0.7367
Orthotropic I
4.8209
4.9213
2.0827
4.8209
4.8361
0.3154
SC
5.0830
DS
4.9700
Orthotropic II
2b
a
Ey
2c
h
y
Ex
Ez
t
Surface Crack in A Transversely Isotropic Plate
(27)
where
Q = 1 + 1.464(a / c)1.65
Isotropic
Orthotropic I Orthotropic II
Ex (psi)
8.000E+06
8.000E+06
2.475E+07
Ey (psi)
2.475E+07
8.000E+06
Ez (psi)
8.000E+06
2.475E+07
xy
0.3000
0.0360
0.1114
yz
0.1114
0.0360
xz
0.0360
0.1114
Gxy (psi)
7.000E+05
7.000E+05
Gyz (psi)
7.000E+05
7.000E+05
Gxz (psi)
3.861E+06
1.114E+07
a)
NW=12
NL=4
NW=4
NL=4
b)
NW
NL
c)
NW=5
NL=4
SE
NW=6
NL=4
Crack Front
S1
S2
1.4
NW = 6
NW = 12
1.2
Normalized KI
1.0
NW = 4
NW = 5
0.8
0.6
S1=a/100
S2=a/10
SE=a/40
NL=4
0.4
0.2
0.0
0
30
Theta (Deg.)
60
90
1.4
NW = 4
Normalized KI
1.2
1.0
0.8
NW = 5
NW = 6
NW = 12
0.6
S1=a/100
S2=a/10
SE=a/40
NL=4
0.4
0.2
0.0
1.6
30
Theta (Deg.)
60
90
1.2
Normalized KI
1.4
1.0
Orthotropic I (NW = 12)
Orthotropic II (NW = 12)
0.8
0.6
S1=a/100
S2=a/10
SE=a/40
NL=4
0.4
1.2
SE=a/80
Normalized KI
1.4
0.2
1.0
S1=a/100
S2=a/10
NW=12
NL=4
0.8
0.6
SE=a/40
0.4
0.0
0
30
Theta (Deg.)
60
90
SE=a/20
0.2
SE=a/10
0.0
0
30
Theta (Deg.)
60
90
Figure 10: Mode I stress intensity factors along the crack front
for different SE values (Orthotropic II material).
1.4
Normalized KI
1.2
1.0
0.8
KIc
0.6
S2=a/10
SE=a/40
NW=12
NL=4
0.4
0.2
0.0
a/200
a/100
S1
a/50
CONCLUSION
8.0
KI determined with
7.0
KCALC using Ex
Normalized KI
6.0
5.0
KI determined with
Ortho_Kcalc.mac
4.0
KI determined with
3.0
KCALC using Ey
2.0
1.0
0.0
0
30
Theta (Deg.)
60
90
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The authors used MeshSim (software by Simmetrix Inc.) for
generating the 3D finite element meshes used in this study. The
authors also acknowledge the financial support of this work by
GE Aviation.
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