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The following table gives the data collected during the course of a moving
observer study for a road section of 0.7km long. Calculate the flow in PCU/hr
in both directions of traffic assuming an equivalency factor of one per car, 3
for bus, and 2 for trucks. Calculate the journey speed and running speed.
The given data has 6 runs in each direction. For calculating flow, journey time and running
time, the average values of the observations in 6 trials in each direction has to be found out.
The Vehicles met in same direction and opposite direction has different types of vehicles.
Hence, they have to be converted to PCC values using given PCU factors of one per car, 3 for
bus, and 2 for trucks. These values are then averaged for each direction (North bound and
South bound respectively)
NORTH BOUND
Vehicles met in opposite
Run no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total
Average
Run no.
1
2
3
4
5
6
Total
Journey
Stop
time
time
(mins)
(mins)
Car
1.01
0.92
0.77
1.03
0.84
1.06
5.63
0.938
0.04
0.1
0.08
0.014
0.08
0.13
0.444
0.074
11
13
19
14
2
19
78
Journey
Stop
time
time
(mins)
(mins)
1
0.87
1.2
1.18
1.06
1.02
6.33
0.05
0.07
0.11
0.12
0.09
0.1
0.54
direction
Bus
direction
No. of
No. of
Truck
0
5
0
0
2
11
2
4
0
11
1
7
5
38
28.167
SOUTH ROAD
Vehicles met in opposite
direction
Car
10
2
23
7
8
11
61
Bus
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
Overtakin
Overtaken
g vehicles
1
2
1
1
0
2
7
1.167
vehicles
0
1
1
0
1
1
4
0.667
No. of
Truck
Overtakin
Overtaken
2
3
6
1
1
8
21
g vehicles
1
1
2
2
1
2
9
vehicles
1
0
1
0
1
0
3
Average
1.055
0.09
17.667
1.5
0.5
The flow in each direction can be found out using the formulae
q n=
X s +Y n
t s+t n
q s=
And,
X n +Y s
t s +t n
Where,
qn is the flow in the North bound direction
Xn is the opposing traffic count of vehicles met when the test car was south bound
Yn is the Number of vehicles overtaking the test car minus the number of vehicles
overtaken by the test car when test car is North bound
qs is the flow in the South bound direction
Xn is the opposing traffic count of vehicles met when the test car was North bound
Ys is the Number of vehicles overtaking the test car minus the number of vehicles
overtaken by the test car when test car is North bound
ts and tn are the journey times of the test car in the South bound and North bound
directions respectively
Thus, for the given data,
q n=
X s +Y n 17.667+(1.1670.667)
=
=9.1154 PCUs/min 546.823 PCUs /hr
t s+t n
1.055+ 0.938
Similarly,
q s=
X n +Y s 28.167+(1.50.5)
=
=14.6715 PCUs/ min=877.926 PCUs/hr
t s +t n
1.055+ 0.938
tn=t n
Yn
qn
ts=t s
Ys
qs
tn
ts
tn is the journey time when test car travelled in the north bound direction
ts is the journey time when test car travelled in the south bound direction
Thus, for the given data,
tn=t n
Yn
1.1670.667
=0.938
=0.883 min
qn
9.1154
ts=t s
Ys
1.50.5
=1.055
=0.987 min
qs
14.6715
(minutes)
(PCUs/hr)
Journey
Running
Journey
Running
0.883
0.987
0.809
0.897
47.54
42.57
51.89
46.84
NORTH
BOUND
SOUTH BOUND
546.823
877.926
2. Using the grouped speed data (kmph) shown in Table 1, calculate various
measures of central tendency and dispersion, and plot histogram, frequency
distribution curve, cumulative frequency curve.
The various measures of central tendency are Mean, Median and mode. The measures of
dispersion include Standard deviation, Variance, etc.
Speed
group
(kmph)
MidValue
Frequency
Cumulative
(kmph)
(f)
Frequency
Xm * f
X m X
(Xm)
15-20
17.5
-24.56
20-25
22.5
90
-19.56
25-30
27.5
13
247.5
-14.56
30-35
32.5
18
31
585
-9.56
35-40
37.5
35
66
1312.5
-4.56
40-45
42.5
42
108
1785
0.44
45-50
47.5
32
140
1520
5.44
50-55
52.5
20
160
1050
10.44
55-60
57.5
169
517.5
15.44
60-65
62.5
169
20.44
TOTAL
169
(ii) Median:
X
f ( m X )
7107.5
0.00
1529.78
1906.95
1643.78
726.57
8.27
948.31
2181.45
2146.60
0.00
11091.72
n
B
2
Median=L+
w
G
where:
L is the lower class boundary of the group containing the median
n is the total number of values
B is the cumulative frequency of the groups before the median group
G is the frequency of the median group
w is the group width
n
169
B
66
2
2
Median=L+
w=40+
5=42.202 kmph
G
42
(iii) Mode:
Mode=L+
f mf m1
w
( f m f m1 )+(f mf m +1)
where:
L is the lower class boundary of the modal group
fm-1 is the frequency of the group before the modal group
fm is the frequency of the modal group
fm+1 is the frequency of the group after the modal group
w is the group width
Mode=40+
4235
5=42.058 kmph
( 4235 ) +(4232)
( 2) = 11091.72 =66.022kmph
N1
1691
Variance=
Frequency Histogram
50
40
30
No. of Vehicles Observed 20
10
0
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Speed (kmph)
Frequency Distribution
50
40
30
No. of Vehicles Observed 20
10
0
15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65
Speed (kmph)