Primary Tissues

BIO095
Centre of Foundation Studies
UiTM
2016/2017

Primary Tissues
Different tissues have different structures that
are suited to their functions
Tissues are classified into four main
categories:
epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous
2

Epithelial Tissue
Covers the outside of the body and lines the organs and cavities within the
body
It contains cells that are closely joined
The shape of epithelial cells may be
squamous
cuboidal
columnar
The arrangement of epithelial cells may be:
simple (single cell layer)
stratified (multiple layers of cells)
pseudostratified (a single layer of cells of varying length)
3

Figure 40.5aa

Epithelial Tissue
Stratified squamous
epithelium

Basement
membrane

Cuboidal
epithelium

Simple columnar
epithelium

Simple squamous
epithelium

Pseudostratified
columnar
epithelium

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Lines blood vessels and air sacs in lungs
Permits exchange of materials by diffusion

Simple Cuboidal and Columnar Epithelia

Line passageways
Specialized for secretion and absorption

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Forms outer layer of skin
Lines passageways into the body
Provides protection

Pseudostratified Epithelium
Lines passageways
Protects underlying tissues

Glands= Specialized epithelial tissue

Goblet cells
unicellular exocrine glands that secrete mucus

Exocrine glands
secrete product through a duct onto exposed
epithelial surface

Endocrine glands
release hormones into interstitial fluid or blood
9

Cilia

Unicellular glands
(goblet cells)

Basement
membrane

(a) Goblet cells.

Skin

(b) Sweat gland.

(c) Parotid salivary gland.

10

Fig. 38-1, p. 809

11

Connective Tissue
Mainly binds and supports other tissues
Made of three main elements:
Ground substance (fluid, jellylike, solid)
Fibers (example: collagen, elastic)
Cells (example: fibrocytes, blood cells)

Extracellular matrix consists of fibers

embedded in ground substance.
12

Figure 40.5ba

Connective Tissue
Loose connective tissue
Blood

Collagenous fiber

Plasma

55 m

120 m

White
blood cells

Elastic fiber

Red blood cells

Cartilage

Fibrous connective tissue

30 m

100 m

Chondrocytes

Chondroitin sulfate
Nuclei

Adipose tissue
Central
canal

Fat droplets

Osteon

150 m

700 m

Bone

13

Muscle Tissue
It is divided in the vertebrate body into three types:
Skeletal muscle, or striated muscle, is
responsible for voluntary movement
Smooth muscle is responsible for involuntary
body activities
Cardiac muscle is responsible for contraction of
the heart

14

Figure 40.5ca

Muscle Tissue
Skeletal muscle
Nuclei

Muscle
fiber
Sarcomere
100 m

Smooth muscle

Nucleus

Muscle fibers

Cardiac muscle

25 m

Nucleus

Intercalated disk

50 m
15

Nervous Tissue
Nervous tissue senses stimuli and transmits signals
throughout the animal
Nervous tissue contains
Neurons, or nerve cells, that transmit nerve
impulses
Glial cells, or glia, that help nourish, insulate,
and replenish neurons

16

Figure 40.5da

Nervous Tissue
Neurons

Glia

Glia

15 m

Neuron:
Dendrites
Cell body
Axons of
neurons

40 m

Axon

Blood
vessel
(Fluorescent LM)

(Confocal LM)

17