LECTURE 06

PROVINCIAL STYLE OF JAUNPUR

AD 1305 - AD 1405

AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

CONTENT
PART A: CONTEXT
1. INITIATION AND DEVELOPMENT
2. GENESIS OF IDEOLOGY
3. BUILDING TYPOLOGY
4. SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
5. ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS
6. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION & MATERIALS

PART B: RELEVANT BUILDING EXAMPLES

PART D: LEARNINGS OF LECTURE

AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

EXPECTED LEARNING
OUTCOME
The students are expected to understand the impact of
change in social,
political and local context on
development of Islamic Architecture in all Indian
Provinces

AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

ASSIGNMENT
A-2 size Report on Province of Jaunpur with a
comparative section on mosque design between
Province of Jaunpur and Delhi Sultanate

AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

1. INITIATION &
DEVELOPMENT
Jaunpur, On-and-Off province of Delhi Sultanate, 58
kms SE of Varanasi
Established by Firuz Shah Tughlaq in AD 1360, on the
banks of river Gomti
Militaristic aspect of the Tughlaq : base of architectural
style of Jaunpur
Political scenario in Islamic provinces similar to Delhi
Attitude of Muslim towards monarchy : undefined mixture
of democracy and authoritarianism
AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

2. GENESIS OF IDEOLOGY
Delhi, architectural inspiration for eastern, central
regions of Jaunpur, Mandu and Bengal

Kings, financers of mosques and self glorifying tombs

Political imperative of Muslim rulers to quickly erect
mosque in the cause of proselytization and spread of
Islam
Earliest mosques in Provinces recomposed of building
material from temples
Structural details and ornamentation were result of
available material and techniques

AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

3. BUILDING TYPOLOGY
MOSQUE

AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

4. SPATIAL ORGANIZATION
The architecture style dealt with sociological aspect of
Muslim worship: ladies court taking part in the ritual of
worship in screen
The screen was manifested in the form of an elevated
platform on either side of the mimbar within the liwan
of mosque duly screened by panels of jaali

AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

5. ARCHITECTURAL
ELEMENTS
Inspiration from Tughlaq Style: militaristic, buttressfringed central pylon , as at Begampuri Mosque, Delhi.
Pylon Design : crystallized version of corbelled screen of
arches of Quwwat-ul-Islam
New columns similar to those available from Hindu
Temples
Amalgamation of Hindu and Islamic craftsmanship

Flat roofed cloisters and verandahs

AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

6. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
& MATERIALS
Stock of readymade columns and beams from Hindu
Temples
New stock similar to the existing stock
Use of longitudinal vault for creating pillar less spaces

Vault constructed over Four pointed arches or ribs

consisting of transverse ribs at wide intervals in the
middle.

AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

PART B: RELEVANT BUILDING

EXAMPLES
LAL DARWAZA MASJID
ATALA MASJID
JAMI MASJID

AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

LAL DARWAZA MASJID

Built in AD 1447 by
Mahmud Shah
Masjid
measures
160
square with 49 high
central pylon
Source of inspiration for
great Jami Masjid of
Jaunpur
Buttress-fringed
central
pylon, crystallized version
of corbelled screen of
arches
LAL DARWAZA MASJID, JAUNPUR
To add to the stock of readymade columns, new
columns on old pattern were created
AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

LAL DARWAZA MASJID

Muslim
style
workers
created
sensitive
components
like
liwan,
Hindu craftsmen created
ancillaries like cloisters and
facades etc.

FLAT ROOFED HINDU PILLARED

CLOISTERS AND VERANDAS.
AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

LAL DARWAZA MASJID

Sociological aspect:
ladies of court used
to take part in
Muslim worship, in
purdah
Translation in built
form by Jaunpur
builders:
elevated
platform on either
side
of
mimbar
within
liwan
of
mosque
PLAN, LAL DARWAZA MASJID, JAUNPUR
AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

ATALA MASJID
Influence of Delhi Tughlaq style, apparent in central pylon
of liwan

AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

ATALA MASJID
Circular tapering shafts of Tughlaq style resolved into
rectangular turrets with inclined profile
Suspended spandrelled arch between two rectangular
turrets, more purposeful and majestic in its firm outlines
than wavering and ornamental Tughlaq ogee arch
Hindu bracketed openings at the bottom of arches, upper
parts filled with arched apertures, jharokhas and jaalis
Two identical mini pylons on either side of central pylon

Three gateways in the center of eastern, northern,

southern colonnades of courtyard
Rear wall of liwan with central and side projections

Ends of projections
buttresses

defined

by

circular

AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

tapered

JAMI MASJID
Built in AD 1438-1478

Square inner court, 200 ft.

wide, larger than Atala
masjid
Built over a platform, 20 ft.
high from ground level
Imposing flight of steps to
reach platform, with lofty
domed gateways leading to
courtyard

Sahn
of
mosque
surrounded by two storied
cloisters

JAMI MASJID, JAUNPUR

AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

JAMI MASJID
Trabeated Hindu system, column over column with flat
roof
Longitudinal vault roof of height 45 ft., to create column
free spaces on either side of 40 ft. dia ladies chamber

ISOLATED PYLON

VIEW OF DOMED GATEWAYS AND TWO

STORIED CLOISTERS

AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

PART C:
CONTEMPORARY EXAMPLES

SHEIKH ZAYED MOSQUE , ABU DHABI, UAE

AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16

PART D: LEARNINGS
FROM LECTURE
The architecture style dealt with sociological aspect of
Muslim worship
Inspiration from Tughlaq Style: militaristic, buttressfringed central pylon , as at Begampuri Mosque, Delhi.
Pylon Design : crystallized version of corbelled screen
of arches of Quwwat-ul-Islam
Amalgamation of Hindu and Islamic craftsmanship
Flat roofed cloisters and verandahs

AR. SONIA MAHESHWARI; FOD @ MUJ; ACADEMIC SESSION 2015-16