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DISASTER RESILIENT TOWN

PLANNING
ZERO CARBON DISTRICT
Low-Carbon and Climate Resilient (LC-CR)
development pathway

GUIDED BY:
Ms. SHIVANI CHOUHAN

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE
DEHRADUN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
DEHRADUN

BY:
SAUMYA BANSAL
B.ARCH 5th YEAR SECTION A

OVERVIEW
Climate is changing at an alarming rate. Surface temperature is increasing on daily basis.
Monsoons are changing their ways and time, glaciers are melting and sea levels are rising. This
change directly hits natural disasters like Flooding, Droughts and puts human life and
investment in jeopardy. Only way out is to move hand in hand with environment and
development.
Our cities, being unorganized and insensitive to nature create a big impact on environment
and fall in the category of major reasons to cause global warming and temperature rise.
Industrialization and modernization leads to structures that release greenhouse gases in
atmosphere. These gases tend to trap sun rays and eventually cause rise in temperature.
This study provides case studies of zero carbon townships in world and suggests strategies for
how to reduce carbon footprint of cities.

AIM
To study the impacts of global warming on society, reasons of global warming and to provide
strategies and planning guidelines for future cities.

OBJECTIVES

Study the indications of climate change with respect to temperature rise in various parts of
world
Study the causes of climate change focusing on temperature rise and global warming
primarily.
Give a brief idea of natural disasters and climatic variations associated with global warming
on society and cities.
Study the causes of global warming and give an idea about what is carbon footprint and
how it forms major reason to cause global warming
Provide strategies to reduce carbon footprint on township level and give case studies of
zero carbon townships in world.

SCOPE
Awareness among people can help reduce carbon footprint on individual level
contributing towards large scale reduction.
Awareness about zero carbon townships and strategies to reduce carbon
footprint
Zero Carbon Townships will reduce impact of human activities on earth and will
make earth a better place to be lived in.

CURRENT SCENARIO
MELTING OF GLACIERS

MUIR GLACIER,ALASKA : AUGUST 13,1941 AND AUGUST 31,2004

www.nasa.gov

MELTING OF GLACIERS

MCCARTY GLACIER, ALASKA : 2004 AND 1909


www.nasa.gov

CORAL REEF BLEACHING

AUSTRALLIAS GREAT BARRIER REEF- 93% DEAD

https://matrixworldhr.com/

When water is too warm, corals will expel the algae living in their tissues causing the coral to turn
completely white

http://www2.lbl.gov

TEMPERATURE RISE PROJECTION IN DIFFERENT SCENARIOS


2011-2030

2046-2065

2080-2099
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT

SUCCESSFUL
DEVELOPMENT

EACH NATION
FOR ITSELF

Increase in degree Celsius compared to 1980-1999


A century of global warming: three scenarios. In top panels, widespread environmental consciousness and a commitment to sustainable
development is assumed; the middle panels assume rapid and successful economic development worldwide, and a shrinking gap between rich
and poor nations; at bottom, each nation acts without regard to others, resulting in a growing gap between rich and poor. Global warming is
already locked in, but at first there are no significant differences among the scenarios; by century's end differences grow larger.

GLOBAL WARMING
Global Warming is the
increase of Earth's
average
surface
temperature due to
effect of greenhouse
gases, such as carbon
dioxide
emissions
from burning fossil
fuels
or
from
deforestation, which
trap heat that would
otherwise
escape
from Earth.

https://www.theguardian.com/

HUMAN CONRIBUTION TO GLOBAL WARMING

Emission of greenhouse gases


Reduce in forest cover
Change in land use pattern
Energy Usage
Vehicular Usage

https://www.theguardian.com/

IMPACTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON CLIMATE ON INDIA

The effect of global warming on the climate of India has led to climate disasters.
India now falls in disaster-prone area.
The rise in precipitation, the melting of glaciers and rising sea levels have the
ability to affect the Indian climate negatively, with an increase in events of floods,
hurricanes, and storms.

RECENT CLIMATIC DISASTERS IN INDIA DUE TO GLOBAL WARMING


FLOODS
DROUGHTS

IMPACTS OF GLOBAL WARMING IN INDIA


FLOODING

2014 INDIA PAKISTAN FLOODS

http://abcnews.go.com

CITIES WITH THE 10 HIGHEST ANNUAL FLOOD COSTS BY 2050

India falls under Flood Prone Areas

http://www.treehugger.com

DROUGHTS

https://www.theguardian.com/

A dried up pond in Talagoan, 90 miles north-east of Mumbai. Severe drought has left hundreds of millions
reeling and experts predict the situation will only worsen as summer stretches on

www.mapsofindia.com

GLOBAL WARMING AND CARBON FOOTPRINT

http://www.indexmundi.com/

According to data calculated


in 2013, China unsurprisingly
has the largest carbon
footprint on the planet with
10.5 million kilotons of
greenhouse emissions.

Footprint comparison of total carbon


dioxide emissions by nations and per capita
, shows there is scope for smaller nations to
reduce their carbon footprints and that
India falls under large carbon footprint
countries.

THE CONSTRUCTION SECTOR


CARBON FOOTPRINT BY BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION SECTOR IN INDIA
8%
12%

9%
9%
36%
10%
25%

70%

21%

ELECTRICITY

STEEL AND CEMENT INDUSTRY

TRANSPORT

DOMESTIC

AGRICULTURE

SECTOR WISE CONTRIBUTION IN TOTAL


CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION IN INDIA

PRODUCTION OF BUILDING MATERIALS


TRANSPORTATION
LIFETIME RESOURCE CONSUMPTION
DURING CONSTRUCTION

BREAKDOWN OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION IN


BUILDING AND CONSTRUCTION SECTOR

The building and construction sector emits about 22 per cent of the total annual CO2 emissions. 70 per
cent of the construction sector emissions result mainly from the products / industrial processes the
four energy intensive building materials i.e. steel, cement, bricks and lime.
www.researchgate.net

WORLDS URGENT NEED

ZERO CARBON DISTRICTS


Zero carbon city: More specifically still a city which produces no CHG and is run exclusively o energy from
renewable sources. Ultimately it boils down on reaching a sustainable habitat which is possible only a
holistic approach.

WORLDS FIRST ZERO CARBON CITY- MASDAR

Project: Masdar City


Client: Masdar
Location: Abu Dhabi, UAE
Estimated Completion: 2030
Area: 6 Million sq. meter
KEY POINTS Based on the concept of ancient walled city
Square planning with internal shades
walkways and pedestrian pathways
Open and gathering areas on the internal side
of city
Climate responsive material treatment on
facades
Giant umbrellas provided for shading with
solar panels
Energy demands to be completed by internal
sources

View of Masdar. Old traditional jaali facades in use Source:


www.dezeen.com

View of Masdar. Phase one of the city is now complete. By 2015,


Masdar is expected to house 7,000 residents and 12,000 commuters
from Abu Dhabi. Central open areas on the inner edge Source:
www.dezeen.com

Giant umbrellas providing shade inbuilt with solar panels Source: www.
dezeen.com

Section through central area source: www.dezeen.com

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT - EIA


WHAT IS EIA?
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a method which enables analysis of positive and
negative consequences of a project, plan or activities. By EIA, one understand the overview,
analysis and assessment of activities, whose realization is planned with the goal of insuring
acceptable environmental development.
MAIN STAGES-

PRELIMANARY
ASSESSMENT

DETAILED
ASSESSMENT

FOLLOW-UP

STEPS INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS OF EIA

Source: Glasson et al. 2005.

SUGGESTIONS FOR PLANNING APPROACH

Future city development should encourage the use of public transit by design of a
mixed-use, transit oriented development; all leading to significantly reduced GHG
emissions.
Cities should be dense and compact in the center so that more people can
accommodate in and commuting could be reduced. This would automatically cut
down up to 40% of carbon emission as people could walk to their work or travel
less.
Inter connection through GHG free public transport and transit orient
development could be of a great help.
By reorienting the street grid, optimization in solar exposure and protection from
wind can be achieved to save energy on lighting, heating and cooling, while
making outdoor area more hospitable.
Buildings should only be designed according to green building guidelines by LEED
and GRIHA
EIA should be compulsory for every structure to pass with.
Most of the residents should live within a 10-minute walk of the commercial
center.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Dechert, S. (Sandy Dechert ). How Big A Deal Is EconomyEnergy CO2 Decoupling?


Dr. Bharath H Aithal. (Jan 31, 2015). GHG footprint of Major cities in India.
FAIRS, M. (2009). MASDAR CITY CENTER BY LAVA.
FREARSON, A. (2011). INSIDE MASDAR CITY: A MODERN MIRAGE. THE GAURDIAN.
GHHH. (n.d.).
Goldenberg, S. (Tuesday 16 February 2016 ). Masdar's zero-carbon dream could become
worlds first green ghost town. THE GAURDIAN.
GRAHAM, K. (MAR 19, 2016). Bhutan is not just carbon neutral, it's carbon negative. DIGITAL
JOURNAL.
Graphic: Dramatic glacier melt. (n.d.). NASA Climate 365 projec.
Hoornweg, D. (December 2010, Vol. 10). CITIES AND CLIMATE CHANGE: AN URGENT
AGENDA. URBAN DEVELOPMENT SERIES KNWOLEDGE PAPERS.
INDIA, G. O. (2015).
INDIA, G. O. (2015). STATISTICS RELATED TO CLIMTE CHNGE.
Patil, V. (2016). Which Is The Only Carbon-Negative Country? Science ABC.
Protano-Goodwin, T. (2016). Bhutan is the only carbon negative country in the world. GVI.
Seshardi, S. (2014). The new global sustainabilty phenomenon : zero energy districts. The
Masterbuilder.
World's first zero-carbon city: Masdar in pictures. (Tuesday 26 April 2011 ). GREEN
ECONOMY.

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