Design of Reinforced Concrete Capping Beam

(BEAM DRAWING)
fc = 27.6
fy = 414

= 0.85

Mu = 504 KN-m
'

b=

0.85 f c( 600)
fy (600+ fy )

b=

0.85 ( 27.6 ) (0.85)(600)

414( 600+414)

b =0.0285

max

= 0.75 b = 0.75(0.0285)
= 0.0214

min

1.4
fy

1.4
= 414

= 0.0034

f ' c
fy
0.0214( 414)
27.6

= 0.321

Mu =fc bd2 (1-0.59 ) ; = 0.90

504 x 106 = 0.90(27.6) bd2 (0.321) (1-0.59(0.321))
bd2 = 77976179.98
Assume d = 1.5b
b = 330 mm

d = 1.5(330) = 495 mm
Concrete cover from the centroid to the outermost fiber:
For tension = 80 mm
For compression d = 75 mm
SOLUTION:
Effective depth:
d = 495 80= 415 mm
Solving for Mu(max) :

b =

0.85 f ' c 1 (600)

fy (600+ fy)

b =

0.85(27.6)(0.85)( 600)
414 (600+414 )

b =0.028
(max) = 0.75 b
(max) = 0.0214

(max) fy
f 'c

0.0214 (414)
27.6

= 0.321
Mu(max) =fc bd2 (1-0.59 ) ; = 0.90

Mu(max) = (0.90) (27.6)(330)( 415)2(0.321)(1-0.59(0.321))

= 367.349 KN-m
Mu > Mu(max)

Therefore, design as doubly reinforced

Solving for As1 :

As1 = (max) bd
As1 = 0.0214 (330) (415) = 2930.73 mm2
Mu1 = Mumax
Mu2 =Mu Mu1
Mu2 = 504 367.349 = 136.651 KN-m
Mu2 = T2 (d-d)
Mu2 = As2fy (d-d)
136.651 x 106 = 0.90 As2 (414) (415-70)
As2 = 1063.04 mm2
Total Tension Steel Area:
A = As1 + As2
A = 2930.73 mm2 + 1063.04 mm2
A = 3993.77 mm2
Solving for Compression Steel:
Solving for a and c
C1 = T1

0.85fc ab = As1fy
0.85(27.6) a(330) = (2930.73)(414)
a = 156.724 mm
a = 1c
c = 184.38 mm

Solve for fs:

f 's
Es
0.03

fs =

cd '
d

600 (184.3870)
184.38

fs = 372.22 MPa
f's < fy

Therefore; steel compression not yield

As =

As2 fy
f 's

As =

1063.04 (414 )
(372.22)

As = 1181.885 mm2
Number of bars using 20 mm bars:
Ab =

(20)
4

= 314.16 mm2

For tension area:

N=

As
Ab

3993.773
314.16

N = 12.7 say 13 bars

For compression area:
N=

A' s
Ab

1181.885
314.16

N = 3.76 say 4 bars

Therefore use 13-25 mm bars for bottom bars
and 4-25 mm bars for top bars
SHEAR REINFORCEMENTS:
Use 10 mm bars

fy = 276 MPa

W = 0.33(0.495)(23.56)(1.2)
W = 4.618 KN/m
DL = 8.62 KN/m (1.2)

(from the maximum DL of the truss reaction)

DLu = 10.344 KN/m

LLu = 9.04 KN/m (1.6)

(from the maximum LL of the truss reaction)

LLu = 14.464 KN/m

R=

1
2

[(4.618) (12.1) + 10.344 (12.1) + 14.464 (12.1)]

R = 178.027 KN
Wu = 4.618 + 10.344 + 14.464

Wu = 29.426 KN/m
Maximum Shear:
Vu = R Wu (d)
Vu = 178.027 - 29.426 (0.415)
Vu = 165.815 KN
Maximum Shear Strength Provide by Concrete:
Vc =

1
6

f ' c bwd

Vc =

1
6

27.6 (0.33) (0.415) (1000)

Vc = 119.913 KN
Vc = 101.926 KN
1
2

Vc = 50.963 KN

Vu > Vc

Therefore stirrups are needed

Vu = Vc + Vs
Nominal Shear Strength provided by Shear Reinforcement
Vs =

Vu

Vs =

165.815
0.85

- Vc

119.913

Vs = 75.163 KN
Check whether beam size is adequate to carry shear reinforcement:
Vs shall not be taken greater than
2
= 3

2
3

27.6 (0.33) (0.415)(1000)

= 479.651 KN
Vs <

2
3

f ' c bod

Therefore, beam size is adequate

(BEAM DRAWING)
Compute for spacing:

Av = 4 (2)(10)

= 157.08 mm2

s=

Avfyd
Vs

s=

(157.08)(276)(415)
75.163(1000)

s = 239.37 say 230 mm

Maximum spacing:
Vs <

1
3

f ' c bod

f ' c bwd

1
3

27.6 (330)(415) = 239.825 KN

Vs < 239.825 KN
Smax =

d
2

Smax =

415
2

S = 207.5 mm or 200 mm
S = 600 mm
Therefore; use spacing = 200 mm
Basic Development length:
According to Section 412.3.2 of the NSCP 2010, the basic development length shall be:
For 20 mm bars and larger:

Ld =

fy 1 e
2.1 f ' c

db

= 1.0

(another situation)

= 1.0

(uncoated or zinc coated (galvanized) bars)

= 1.0

Ld =

414 (1)(1)
2.1 ( 1 ) 27.6

(normal weight of concrete)

Check Ld with 300 mm

(20) = 750.51 mm; say Ld = 750 mm

Ldb = 750 mm >300 mm (OK!)

Ldfurnished = 330 70 = 260 mm
Ldb > Ld furnished, therefore hook is necessary
Solving for hook:

Where:

Ld hook =

0.24 fy e
f ' c

Ld hook =

0.24 (414)(1)
1 27.6

and e

db

(20) = 378.36 mm say 360 mm

= 1.0 for other cases

m = 0.8

(NSCP 2010, 412.6.2, pg. 4-72)

(NSCP 2010, 412.6.3.2, pg. 4-72)

Ld final = 378.36 (0.8) = 302.688 mm

Ld final > Ld furnished (OK)
Check with:
a. 8db = 8(20) = 160 mm
b. 150 mm
150 < 302.688 > 8db
Use Ld final = 302.688
Extension = 12db + 6db = 18db = 18(20) = 360 mm
Modification Factor if the Reinforcing bar which has fy other than 415 MPa
m1 =

276
415

m1 = 0.66506

m2 = 0.70 modification factor for 900 hook

Ld = 380.69 (0.665)(0.70)
Ld = 177.21 say 180 mm
Lap splice:
Splices of deformed bars and deformed wire in Tension (Bottom bars)
Lap splices shall not be used for bars larger than 36 mm except as provided by the code, since
the main bars is 25 mm, therefore use lap splices. According to Section 412.3.2 of the NSCP
2010, the basic development shall be:
Ls = 1.3 Ld

(NSCP 2010, Sec. 412.16.1, pg. 4-76)

But not less than 300 mm

Ld =

fy 1 e
1.7 f ' c

= 1.0

= 1.0

db

= 1.0

Ld =

414(20)
1.7 27.6

= 927.1 mm

Ld = 1.3 (927.1) = 1205.23 mm say 1206 mm

Splices of Deformed Bars in Compression (for Top Bars):
LLS = 0.071fydb

(for fy of 420 MPa or less)

(NSCP 2010, Sec. 412.16.1, pg. 4-76)

LLS = 0.071(414) (20)

LLS = 587.88 say 590 mm