ASSIGNMENT FRONT SHEET

Edexcel BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing and Systems

Qualification

Development

Unit number and

Unit 3: Employability and Professional Development

title

Oct 18th 2016

Assignment due

Assignment submitted

Learners name

Dec 3rd 2016

Assessor name

Learner declaration:
I certify that the work submitted for this assignment is my own and research sources are fully acknowledged.
Learner signature

Date

Grading grid
P1.

P1.

P1.

P1.

P2.

P2.

P3.

P3.

P4.

P4.

P4.

M3

D1

D2

D3

Assignment title

Employability and professional development

In this assignment, you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria.
Indicate the page numbers where the evidence can be found.
Assessment criteria

Expected evidence

Task

Assessors Feedback

no.
LO1. Be able to take responsibility for own personal and professional development
1.1 reflect on own

A written document which:

current skills and

Discuss about your own

competencies against

personal skills and

professional standards

competence against

and organisational

professional standards and

objectives

organizational objectives

1.2 evaluate own

development needs
and the activities
required to meet them

1.1

A written document which:

Evaluate your own
development needs and

1.2

the activities required to

meet them
2

1.3 devise a personal

and professional

A personal and

development plan

professional plan

1.3

based on identified
needs
1.4 reflect on own

A written document which:

development against

Reflect on own

original aims and

developmental progress

objectives set in the

against the original aims

personal and

and objectives set in the

professional

personal and professional

development plan

development plan.

1.4

LO2. Be able to demonstrate acquired interpersonal and transferable skills

2.1 communicate in a
variety of styles and
appropriate manner at

- A presentation about:

2.1

a. the importance of
communication

various levels

2.2 demonstrate

b. effective time

effective time

management

management

strategies.

strategies

- Presentation slides

LO3. Understand the dynamics of working with others

3.1 analyse team
dynamics, discussing
the roles people play in
a team and how they

A written document which:

Describe how you select
and maintain a team that

3.1

is fit for purpose.

can work together to

3.2 discuss alternative

A written document which:

ways to complete tasks Discuss alternative ways to

complete tasks and
and achieve team
goals

3.2

achieve team goals

LO4. Be able to develop strategies for problem solving

4.1 review tools and

A written document review

methods for

different methods and

developing solutions to

tools used for problem

problems

solving.

4.2 develop an

A written document

appropriate strategy

discusses the best

for resolving a

development approach you

particular problem

think for the system.

4.3 evaluate the

potential impact on the
business of
implementing the

4.1

4.2

A written document which:

Evaluate the potential

4.3

impact on the company.

strategy.

Assessment criteria

Expected Evidence

Feedback
(note on Merit/Distinction if applicable)

M1 Identify and apply

strategies to find
appropriate solutions

1. Effective judgements
have been made.
2. An effective approach
to study and research

M2 Select/design and

has been applied

1. Relevant theories and

apply appropriate

techniques have been

methods/techniques

applied
2. The design of
methods/techniques

M3 Present and

has been justified

1. An appropriate

communicate

structure and method

appropriate findings

has been used and

technical language has
been accurately used to
present the findings.
6

2. Communication has
taken place in familiar
D1 Use critical

and unfamiliar contexts

1. Conclusions have been

reflection to evaluate

arrived at through

own work and justify

synthesis of ideas and

valid conclusions

have been justified

2. The validity of results
has been evaluated

D2 Take responsibility

using defined criteria

1. Substantial activities

for managing and

have been planned,

organising activities

managed and organized

2. Activities have been

D3 Demonstrate
convergent/lateral/
creative thinking

managed
1. Self-evaluation has
taken place
2. Problems have been
solved

Summative feedback

Assessors

Date

Signature
IV Grading Check:

Comments if any:

Agree
Disagree
IV Signature

Modify grade to
Date

LO1. Be able to take responsibility for own personal and professional

development
1.1

Reflect on own current skills and competencies against professional standards

and organisational objectives

professional standards
According to NOS, Software Development Level 3 Role has many standards for the
employees that can join the organization with high efficiency . Compare with my
personal skills-knowledge one by one and figured out what are missing:

High

Personel Skill - Knowledge

K10
K2
K12

S
4

K22

K6
S7
S
6

K13
S
3

High Low

K14

K16

Professional Skill - Knowledge

List of most important skills knowledge that I am missing or need to improve:

K16: Document software development and testing activities accurately and clearly
to allow further development, amendments and updates to be made to solutions
K14: Identify appropriate programming constructs to produce effective software

K13: Use and apply the systems development lifecycle as appropriate to software
development activities.
S3: Correctly use software development procedures, tools and techniques, as
directed by superiors.
S7: Document own software development activities.
S6: Use appropriate programming constructs to produce effective software.
K6: The importance of accurately translating design deliverables in software
development work.
K2: What is meant by software development and the stages of activity that
constitute it.
K10: The fact that new software may need to be developed or existing software
enhanced or adapted to take account of changing business needs.
K12: The importance of documenting software development and testing activities in
a

clear

and

understandable

manner

that

will

allow

further

development,

amendments and updates to be made to solutions.

K22: Data types that can be used and how they can be represented and
manipulated.
S4: Functionally test that given designs have been met.
Based on Profile analysis above, I still have a lot of skills that are missing or needed
to be improve as soon as possible to meet the gap analysis

10

organisational objectives

High

O3
Organizational objectives

O4
O5
O6

O1

O8

O2
O
7

High Low

Professional Skill - Knowledge

List of priority skills needed to get into the current organizations

requirements.
O3: Having experience/Knowledge in mobile applications.
O1: Strong experience programming in JavaScript, CSS3 and HTML5
O4: Problem solving focused on Agile / Software Quality
O5: JavaScript and related frameworks or libraries (jQuery, node.js, angular and any
others.).
11

O2: A basic understanding of servers and databases

O6: Good team working and communication skills.
O7: Ability to learn new technology.
O8: Ability to read and understanding English.
1.2

Evaluate own development needs and the activities required to meet them
Based on 1.1 Gap Analysis, I have some missing skills. I have built a strategy to
fullfill those as soon as possible.

No
1

Gap
K16

Objective
Actions
Document software development and Learning
through
testing

activities

accurately

and internet

and

clearly to allow further development, colleague

amendments and updates to be made
2

K14

to solutions
Identify
appropriate
constructs

to

programming After

produce

software

learning

effective programming
constructs,

will

learn how to use it

correctly

through

practice
3

K13

Use

and

apply

the

working.
systems Learning

and
through

development lifecycle as appropriate internet, ebook

4

S3

to software development activities.

Correctly use software development Learning

through

procedures, tools and techniques, as internet course, read

directed by superiors.
5

S7

docs of development

tool
Document own software development Learning
activities.

internet

through
and

colleague
12

S6

Use

appropriate

constructs
7

K6

O3

to

programming Learning

produce

effective internet

software.
The
importance

of

translating

deliverables

design

accurately Learning

software development work

Having
experience/Knowledge
mobile applications.

programming

through

in internet

and

colleague
in Learning

through

online

course,

reading
experience

through

blog,

colleague
in Learning

and

O1

Strong

10

O4

JavaScript, CSS3 and HTML5

online course
Problem solving focused on Agile / Learning
through
Software Quality

11

O5

online

through

course,

colleague
JavaScript and related frameworks or Learning

and

through

libraries (jQuery, node.js, angular and online course

12

O2

any others.).
A basic understanding of servers and Learning
databases

online

through

course

and

colleague

1.3 Devise a personal and professional development plan based on identified needs
Based on identified needs in 1.2, Ive already built a personal and professional
development plan as show under:
Gap

Actions

Resource
s

Target date

Estimate
cost

13

K16

Learning

through Only me

internet

Dec 1st 2016 Dec

0$

30th 2016

and

colleague
K14

learning Me and my Jan 5th 2016 Jan

After

programming
constructs,

colleague
I

50$

30th 2016

will

learn how to use it

correctly

through

practice

and

working.
K13

Learning

through Only me

Learning

through Me and my March 5th 2017

internet

course, colleague

read

50$

28th 2017

internet, ebook
S3

Feb 1st 2017 Feb

docs

100$

March 30th 2017

of

development tool
S7

Learning
internet

through Me and my April 1st 2017 April 30$

and colleague

30th 2017

colleague
S6

Learning

through Only me

Learning
internet

0$

30th 2017

internet
K6

May 5th 2017 May

through Me and my June 1st 2017 June

and colleague

40$

30th 2017

colleague
O3

Learning

through Me and my July 5th 2017 July

online

course, colleague

80$

30th 2017

reading blog, and

14

colleague

O1

Learning

through Only me

Learning

60$

30th 2017

online course
O4

Aug 1st 2017 Aug

through Me and my Sep 5th 2017 Sep

online course, and colleague

70$

30th 2017

colleague
O5

Learning

through My and my Oct 4th 2017 Oct

online course
O2

Learning

teacher

30th 2017

through Me and my Nov 5th 2017 Nov

online course and colleague

120$

60$

30th 2017

colleague

1.4

Reflect on own development against original aims and objectives set in the

personal and professional development plan

My development plan
o Having

Organizations development plan

experience/Knowledge

o Focus on mobile application in the

in mobile applications after July

next two years.

o Focus on Java web application and

2017
o Strong

experience

programming

in

JavaScript,

CSS3 and HTML5 after Aug

2017
o Problem

solving

focused

on

Agile - Software Quality after

Sep 2017
o JavaScript

and

related

.NET web application.

o Using front end framework such as
AngularJS, NodeJS.
o Widen their market to abroad such as
Japanese, US.
o More than 50%

employee

can

communicate in English (IELTS over

5.5 or higher) and 40% employee
15

frameworks

or

libraries

(jQuery, node.js, angular and

can reading, speaking Japanese(N3

certificate or higher) next year.

any others.) after Oct 2017

Based on above, I can see that after nearly a year all my goals will be completed on
schedule and they are well fit with the organizations development plan. But I feel
wrong in one place at foreign language, I dont have any plan in learning Japanese,
so if I can change this plan I will set time to learn Japanese as soos as possible. Then
my plan will be more effective

LO2. Be able to demonstrate acquired interpersonal and transferable skills

2.1 Communicate in a variety of styles and appropriate manner at various levels
Communication theory states that communication involves a sender and a receiver
conveying information through a communication channel.
Communication Channels is the term given to the way in which we communicate.
There are multiple communication channels available to us today, for example faceto-face conversations, telephone calls, text messages, email, the Internet (including
social media such as Facebook and Twitter), radio and TV, written letters, brochures
and reports to name just a few.

16

Choosing an appropriate communication channel is vital for effective communication

as each communication channel has different strengths and weaknesses.
1. Verbal communication
It refers to the form of communication in which messafe is transmitted
verbally
Communication is done by word of mouth and a piece of writing
In verbal communication remember the acrnym keep it short and simple
Verbal communication is divided into:
a) Oral communication: Oral communication implies communication
through mouth. It includes individuals conversing with each other, be it
direct conversation or telephonic conversation. Speeches, presentations,
discussions are all forms of oral communication. Oral communication is
generally recommended when the communication matter is of temporary
kind or where a direct interaction is required. Face to face communication
(meetings, lectures, conferences, interviews, etc.) is significant so as to
build a rapport and trust.
The principles of oral communication are:
1. Clear pronunciation: Clear pronunciation of message sender in the main
factor or oral communication. If it is not clear, the goal of the message
may not be achieved.
2. Preparation: Before communicating orally the speaker should take
preparation both physically are mentally.
3. Unity and integration: The unity an integration of the speech of the
message sender is a must for successful oral communication.
4. Precision: Precision is needed to make oral communication effective. The
meaning of the words must be specific.
5. Natural voice: The speakers must not be fluctuated at the time of oral
communication. On the other hand artificial voice must be avoided.

17

6. Planning: Organized plan is a must for effective oral communication. The

speaker should take proper plan for delivering speech.
7. Simplicity: The speaker should use simple an understandable words in oral
communication. It should be easy and simple.
8. Vocabulary: Words bear different meanings to different people in different
situations. In oral communication, a speaker should use the most familiar
words to the receiver of the message to avoid any confusion in the
meaning of the words
b) Writting communication: The Written Communication refers to the
process of conveying a message through the written symbols. In other
words, any message exchanged between two or more persons that make
use of written words is called as written communication.
The written communication is the most common and effective mode of
business communication. In any organization, the electronic mails, memos,
reports, documents, letters, journals, job descriptions, employee manuals,
etc. are some of the commonly used forms of written communication.
The principles of writing communication are:
1. Have the right mind-set: Before you begin any writing project, gather the
necessary resources and have them nearby. The more prepared you are,
the more relaxed youll be as you start. If youre feeling angry, confused
or unhappy, step away from the keyboard. Chances are, youll write
something youll regret later.
2. Sort it out: Make sure you have a game plan in place. What is the main
message you want to get across? What do people need to know to
support your goal? Its helpful to write down all your key points in
advance, so you dont forget any. Also create a brief outline of what

18

youd like to cover in a logical order. This step can be particularly useful
for larger documents that need to address many issues.
3. Dont keep readers in suspense: Professionals with strong written
communication skills know that its critical to get to the point with any
message, or readers may just stop reading. Between emails, texts, the
Internet, memos and reports, people are on information overload today,
and they wont wade through long-winded materials.
4. Stay professional: As you try to improve your written communication
skills, take everything you write seriously, steering clear of any
controversial or sensitive subjects. This can be easier said than done
5. Check it again: Maybe you feel like your written communication skills are
on track as you make a compelling case for updating your offices phone
system. However, as you put together your masterpiece, youre moving
along so quickly that the document is filled with typos and spelling
mistakes. No worries, you tell yourself, youll just run a spellcheck, and
all will be fine.
2. Non-verbal communication: Nonverbal communication is a process of
generating meaning using behavior other than words, it is usually understood
as the process of communication through sending and receiving wordless
messages. Non-verbal communication is a powerful arsenal in the face-to-face
communication encounters, expressed consciously in the presence of others
and perceived either consciously or unconsciously. Much of non-verbal
communication is unintentional people are not even aware that they are
sending messages. Non-verbal communication takes place though gestures,
facial expressions, eye contact. Some important definitions of non-verbal
communication are as follows:

19

 Facial Expressions: Facial expressions usually communicate emotions. The

expressions tell the attitudes of the communicator. Researchers have
discovered that certain facial areas reveal our emotional state better than
others. For example, the eyes tend to reveal happiness or sadness, and even
surprise. The lower face also can reveal happiness or surprise; the smile, for
example, can communicate friendliness and cooperation. The lower face,
brows, and forehead can also reveal anger. Mehrabian believes verbal cues
provide 7 percent of the meaning of the message; vocal cues, 38 percent; and
facial expressions, 55 percent. This means that, as the receiver of a message,
you can rely heavily on the facial expressions of the sender because his
expressions are a better indicator of the meaning behind the message than his
words.
Eye contact: Eye contact is a direct and powerful form of non-verbal
communication. The superior in the organization generally maintains eye
contact longer than the subordinate. The direct stare of the sender of the
message conveys candor and openness. It elicits a feeling of trust. Downward
glances are generally associated with modesty. Eyes rolled upward are
associated with fatigue.
Gestures: One of the most frequently observed, but least understood, cues is
a hand movement. Most people use hand movements regularly when talking.
While some gestures (e.g., a clenched fist) have universal meanings, most of
the others are individually learned and idiosyncratic. Gesture include
movement of the hands, face, or other parts of the body.
Communication at various levels:
a) Junior:
o Proactively raise questions: As a junior, you have to try to be agile,
resourceful, observant, always listen and ask questions. However, you
20

have to choose the right time to ask your questions, because in some
cases, your question maybe accidentally disrupt the others, making
them feel uncomfortable. So, only raise your questions when truly
necessary and be sure not to affect the person you want to ask.
o Friendly relationship: Be friendly with everyone in the company,
proactive acquainted and always affable and enthusiastic in everything
even if no one knows about you, pay attention and respond to that
affable.
o Keep smiling: Success, support, encouragement has always been
marked by a friendly smile. The secret of communication is always
maintained amiable attitude with permanent smile on the lips not only
brings a touch of friendly people around, but also makes itself has been
the delight, serenity.
o Participate all activities: You should take every opportunity to
communicate

with

colleagues,

showing

the

spirit

of

energetic,

enthusiastic, energetic communication skills in extracurricular activities.

Keep a deep connection with colleagues, congratulating them when they
are happy and mourning with them when they face the loss of life.
b) Management:
o Body Language and overall personality of an individual play an
essential role in effective communication. It is essential for
managers to express their thoughts in a positive way. Remember
shouting at team members and quarrelling with them lead to no
solution; instead make the situation all the more worse. There are
several other ways of expressing your displeasure. Make sure you do not
lose your temper while communicating. Take care of your pitch and tone.
Speak in a convincing way for people to understand what you intend to
communicate.
o People generally like to communicate with someone who is
nicely dressed and presentable. No employee would ever like to
communicate with a shabbily dressed manager. Be an idol for your team
21

members. It is really important for managers to dress well for co workers

to look up to them. Clothes must be clean and ironed properly and you
really need to create that much needed first impression.
o Take care of your facial expressions and gestures. A smile on your
face will attract employees and they would readily come to you to
discuss their problems.
o Be Honest. Pass on information to your team members in its correct
form. Playing with information and data tampering lead to ineffective
communication. Communicate directly with your team members rather
than appointing middle men.
o Speak Relevant. The choice of words is really very important in verbal
communication. Do not use slangs and abusive words in your speech.
Loose talks must be avoided at the workplace.
o Be Focussed. Know what you intend to communicate. Managers must
prepare their speech well in advance before addressing their team
members. Do not communicate just for the sake of communicating.
Deviating from the topic only confuses recipients. Managers must ensure
their team members are able to understand them well.
o Be Confident. You must believe in yourself for others to believe you.
Learn to stick to your words. It is really important for effective
managerial communication. Never be low on self belief.
c) Executive:
o The ability to proactively share difficult messages and feedback:
Make and keep commitments without needing to have people check up
on you
o The ability to proactively resolve small conflicts before they
become major conflicts: Be proactively honest, dont wait until
someone asks you. Proactively share problems, challenges, ideas,
opportunities, etc.
o The ability to create a safe environment so people will want to
share information: Be direct- if you have an issue with someone go

22

directly to that person as opposed to talking around that person or using

an ambassador.
o Their ability to appreciate their employees: Appreciate the people
around you. Teams win championships, individuals go home. An
interesting note, even in an individual sport like golf, tennis, or
swimming all of those people who win required a team of people.
Including coaches and supporters that enable them to be what they are
and whom they have become. So never forget that what got you here
and what is going to get you where you want to go, will be the people
around you. So just remember to constantly appreciate.
Basically communication is not an easy task and has a lot of levels and stages to
overcome, so one has to settle proper communication channel for the components
and fundamentals one working with. Clear communication channel is required at all
stage of organizational performance.
2.2

Demonstrate effective time management strategies

Time management refers to numerous techniques and skills that can help a person
to make use of the available time in the most efficient way and to accomplish goals,
tasks and projects within the predetermined period of time. Time management skills
vary from, but are not limited to, prioritizing tasks, planning, scheduling, organizing
and the delegation of functions. However, it also includes an analysis of the time
spend for different activities as well as close monitoring that allows one to improve
his time management skills.
An

individual

that

applies

time

management

techniques

can

improve

his

productivity, which allows this person to get more work done within shorter amounts
of time. Time management allows us furthermore to take control over our
professional as well as personal life, as it helps us to know what needs to be done
and what goals need to be accomplished on a daily basis. Effective time
23

management can be a true advantage for an employee as it allows him to meet

deadlines of projects without having to delay the completion of it.
The importance of effective time management strategies
You can accomplish more with less effort: When you learn to take control
of your time, you improve your ability to focus. And with increased focus
comes enhanced efficiency, because you dont lose momentum. Youll start to
breeze through tasks more quickly (the workday will also seem to fly by
Self-discipline is valuable: When you practice good time management, you
leave no room for procrastination. The better you get at it, the more selfdiscipline you learn. This is a valuable skill that will begin to impact other
areas of your life where a lack of discipline has kept you from achieving a goal.
Free time is necessary:

Everyone needs time to relax and unwind.

Unfortunately, though, many of us dont get enough of it. Between jobs, family
responsibilities, errands, and upkeep on the house and the yard, most of us
are hard-pressed to find even 10 minutes to sit and do nothing. Having good
time management skills helps you find that time. When youre busy, youre
getting more done. You accumulate extra time throughout your day that you
can use later to relax, unwind, and prepare for a good nights sleep.
Reduce stress: Once you learn how to manage your time, you no longer
subject yourself to that level of stress. Besides it being better for your health,
you have a clearer picture of the demands on your time. Youre better able to
estimate how long a given task will take you to complete, and you know you
can meet the deadline.
Become more successful in your career: Time management is the key to
success. It allows you to take control of your life rather than following the flow
of others. As you accomplish more each day, make more sound decisions, and
24

feel more in control, people notice. Leaders in your business will come to you
when they need to get things done. And that increased exposure helps put you
in line for advancement opportunities.
How to make an effective time management strategies
Set priorities: Managing your time effectively requires a distinction between
what is important and what is urgent, the most important tasks usually arent
the most urgent tasks. However, we tend to let the urgent dominate our lives.
One of the easiest ways to prioritize is to make a to do list. Whether you
need a daily, weekly or monthly list depends on your lifestyle. Just be careful
not to allow the list-making to get out of control and do not keep multiple lists
at the same time. Rank the items on your to do list in order of priority (both
important and urgent). You may choose to group items in categories such as
high, medium and low, number them in order, or use a color coding system.
Keep in mind that your goal is not to mark off the most items; rather you want
to mark off the highest priority items. Having a prioritized to do list allows
you to say no to activities that may be interesting or provide a sense of
achievement but do not fit your basic priorities.
Use a planning tool: Time management experts recommend using a
personal planning tool to improve your productivity. Examples of personal
planning tools include electronic planners, pocket diaries, calendars, computer
programs, wall charts, index cards and notebooks. Writing down your tasks,
schedules, and memory joggers can free your mind to focus on your priorities.
Auditory learners may prefer to dictate their thoughts instead. The key is to
find one planning tool that works for you and use that tool consistently. Some
reminders when using a planning tool are:
o Always record your information on the tool itself. Jotting notes elsewhere
that have to be transferred later is inefficient.
25

o Review your planning tool daily.

o Carry your planning tool with you.
o Remember to keep a list of your priorities in your planning tool and refer
to it often.
o Synchronize electronic planners with your computer and recharge the
batteries in your planner on a regular basis.
o Keep a back-up system
Get organized: Most people find that disorganization results in poor time
management. Professional organizers recommend that you first get rid of the
clutter. A frequently used method is to set up three boxes (or corners of a
room) labeled Keep Give Away Toss. Separate the clutter by sorting
items into these boxes. Immediately discard items in your Toss box. Your
Give Away box may include items you want to sell, delegate, or discontinue
so find a method to eliminate these items such as a yard sale, charitable
donation, or gifts to friends or family members outside your home. With the
clutter gone, the next step is to implement a system that allows you to handle
information (e.g., tasks, papers, e-mail, etc.) less, only once, when possible.
Get help from others: You need to select someone with the appropriate
skills, experience, interest, and authority needed to accomplish the task. Be as
specific as possible in defining the task and your expectations, but allow the
person some freedom to personalize the task. Occasionally check to determine
how well the person is progressing and to provide any assistance, being
careful not to take over the responsibility. Finally, dont forget to reward the
person for a job well done or make suggestions for improvements if needed.
Another way to get help is to buy time by obtaining goods or service that
save you a time investment. For example, paying someone to mow your lawn
or clean your house, using a computerized system, or joining a carpool to
transport your children to their extracurricular activities can allow you free
time to devote to other activities.
26

 Avoid multi tasking: Recent psychological studies have shown that multitasking does not actually save time. In fact, the opposite is often true. You lose
time when switching from one task to another, resulting in a loss of
productivity. Routine multi-tasking may lead to difficulty in concentrating and
maintaining focus when needed.

LO3. Understand the dynamics of working with others

3.1 Analyse team dynamics, discussing the roles people play in a team and how
they can work together to achieve shared goals
Analyse team dynamics
Team dynamic is all about "in what way" team does things. Incredible team
dynamics are key for interprofessional communication.
Though team dynamics can vary from team to team, some characteristics of a team
are as follows:
A. Complete Contribution Members give their dynamism and time to the task.
More significantly, all team members take an interest in the decision making
approach.
B. Dependence it is believed by each members that everyone in the team will
enhance the significance of the task and the members work to make sure that
everyone does contribute and that gratitude is stated for various assistances.
C. Open Communication - The fundamental magic that binds a team. Effective
communication is made by members when:

Help plans
27

Give criticism effectively

Request explanation on anything that may be confounding

D. Vibrant Roles When team members role are defined, the team works better.
By the manager or by mutual understanding the roles of team members can be
given.
E. Quality Control - Effective teams are ready to aggregately examine their profit
and courses to guarantee that the last product or result meets or surpasses the
team objective.
F. Risk-taking - An effective team will additionally be ready to take innovative risks
or research. An effective team also goes outside the task to improve the existing
task.

The roles people play in a team and how they can work together to achieve shared
goals
A team is a small number of people with complementary skills who are committed to
a common purpose, performance goals, and approach for which they are mutually
accountable.
Role played in a Explain the role
team
Plant(er)

Solves

Explain how can they

work together
problems Goals

difficult

with original and creative

ideas.

Can

communicator

be

poor

and

may

ignore the details.

To

assess

and

confirm customer
needs and goals,

28

Resource

Explores

new

ideas

and

Investigator

possibilities with energy and

Shapers

Coordinators

with others. Good networker.

are key.

Can be too optimistic and

lose energy after the initial
Shaper

flush.
Lots of energy and action,
challenging others to move

Completer/Finishe

forwards. Can be insensitive.

Reliably sees things through

to the end, ironing out the

wrinkles

and

Ideas

best

develop

creative ideas to

ensuring

meet

those

needs.

trust others.
Plans
Respected leader who helps
everyone focus on their task.
Can be seen as excessively
controlling.
Well-organized

When
needs

team
plans,

Monitor/Evalua

and

tors

and

ideas and makes them work

Specialists

are

in practice. Can be slow.

Sees the big picture. Thinks

valuable

predictable.

Monitor/Evaluator

and

Investigators

worry too much and not

Implementer

Plants
Resource

everything works well. Can

Co-ordinator

and

carefully
about

Takes

and
things.

basic

accurately
May

lack

energy or ability to inspire

others.

contributors.
Contacts

If a team must
communicate
with

contacts

outside the team,

29

Resource
Investigators
and

Team

Workers are the

best

suited

for

the job.
Organization

Implementers
and
Coordinators
excel at keeping
the

team

organized and on
track.
Follow Through

Finally,

ensuring

that all plans are

completed

and

quality control is
maintained
should

be

the

responsibility

of

Implementers
and CompleterFinishers.
30

3.2 Discuss alternative techniques to manage team work and achieve team goals.
Progress on clear common objectives:
Teamwork means together toward a common goal, and strive to find success on the
job. The team members must understand the goals of the group and is committed to
trying to achieve that goal. If the goal is quite clear and you get the commitment of
all team members, you will have the right to reward or punish the team members as
needed. The team members need to strive for themselves and for the common
work. You have to motivate them to try to complete the plan short term and long
term. Together towards a specific goal, gradually the staff will work according to the
rules with a self-conscious spirit. In addition, the pressure of work and the personal
pride appears little chance of sabotage teamwork. Clearly shows the long-term plan
that his team was in charge. As a manager, you must constantly remind and
strengthen their spirit together towards these goals. In the course of work, many
employees often dominated and focused on immediate issues while ignoring the
long-term plan. When some members being deflected, the rest go to help them keep
up the work process to avoid problems later.
Clearly define the skills and responsibilities of each member
When shaking hands, building a team, if you have many choices, the assessment of
the strengths and weaknesses of each employee is an effective way to form a group
of employees based on skills elements. Around you there are always good people,
be careful not to feel overwhelmed subjective result in you choosing the members of
the group because of similarities with you, even it is your copies. You need to clearly
define roles and responsibilities of each member of nhom.Day the key issues
affecting the success or failure of a team in the division work. Know clearly, limits on
31

executive power and his time in the group will help people work together more
easily. Encourage teamwork by dividing specific tasks clearly. In this way, each
member will easily recognize their responsibilities, they even can promote the skills
inherent to the responsibilities and expectations viec.Trach with each member of the
group must be indicated clear, public notice and are all members admitted.
Responsibility should be discussed openly and questions have been answered
satisfactorily.
Develop a common spirit for the group.
No one is entirely owned a sewing range or in the process of doing both. Those who
truly master the position or a certain process is often very open, always willing to
absorb ideas and resources provided by others. The operator modeling teams
through personal relationships with individuals and with other parts of the
organization. They maintain the team even when things are progressing trend
seems misleading and temptations people return to routine work that had been
threatened. The members of the company to discuss and determine the cultural
value of the team. Teamwork is always work to be recognized and appreciated. The
lonely wanderer, whether there is an outstanding manufacturer to how absurd it was
rated lower than the personal achievement along with many others. The
compensation, bonuses and rewards ... depend on the actual level of cooperation as
well as contributions and achievements of each individual nhan.Nhung issues and
important research is discussed in the company emphasize team activities. (You
may remember the year, a production team surrounded the cork has reduced by
20% the amount of waste you? people who work well and never again was promoted
to members of this team) .There management structure works very focused and
evaluate nhom.Thuong team feedback, the unity of the whole system; all the
feedback from peers, direct reports from the leadership and have strong implications
for the conduct of your work.

32

 Good communication environment:

Businesses often ask employees to complete projects that require they work as a
team. Working together has many benefits, including the possibility to create new
friendships, a sense of group accomplishment and distribution of responsibilities.
Conversely, teamwork also may cause tension and anxiety among employees
because of poor communication. Effective communication can eliminate much of the
stress and negative feelings sometimes associated with working closely as a team.
Business owners should encourage their employees to communicate with one
another clearly when working together. This is especially important for smaller
companies, whose employees often must work closely with one another.
Leadership:
An effective team leader has a variety of traits and characteristics that encourage
team members to follow him. Team leaders naturally possess certain qualities, such
as compassion and integrity, or learn leadership skills through formal training and
experience. The qualities of an effective team leader inspire the trust and respect of
the team and stimulate production within the workplace.
Being an effective team leader requires basic leadership skills. Here are some of the
actions that the team leader should consistently carry out:
o Build trust between team members.
o Inspire and motivate teamwork for achieving goals.
o Influence valuable changes.
o Be open to new ideas coming from team members.
o Consult frequently with key team members.
33

o Establish an open discussion for decision-making.

o Distinguish the team from others create an identity for the team.
o Encourage and support independent thinking.
o Recognize the skills of key team members and utilize their strengths to the
benefit of the team.
Motivation:
Most employees need motivation to feel good about their jobs and perform
optimally. Some employees are money motivated while others find recognition and
rewards personally motivating. Motivation levels within the workplace have a direct
impact on employee productivity. Workers who are motivated and excited about
their jobs carry out their responsibilities to the best of their ability and production
numbers increase as a result.
There are several ways employers can motivate employees and drive worker
productivity. Because different factors influence workers in different ways, employers
can utilize motivation strategies that encompass several techniques. For example, to
influence workers who are money motivated, an employer may implement a daily
"spiff" that pays cash instantly to employees who meet short-term production goals.
To achieve long-term production goals, an employer could implement a program that
encourages friendly competition between workers to meet production numbers. At
the conclusion of the program, employers can publicly recognize top performers for
a job well done.
Plan:
As with any initiative, a little planning goes a long way to ensuring success. By
creating an action plan for team building, leaders can ensure that their team
34

building activities create a lasting effect on team motivation, productivity and

effectiveness. A well-designed action plan will ensure your team building efforts
work and have a lasting impact on your teams successful. Whether you hire a
professional team building consultant or conduct team building activities yourself, a
team building action plan will help you prepare for team building events and will
provide the needed support and follow-up to ensure your success.
Steps in Creating an Action Plan for Team Building
o Decide why you want to do team building
o Determine the best team building approach based on the goal
o Communicate the purpose of the team building activity to the team
o Identify follow-up steps to ensure the team building goal is achieved
By implementing these four simple steps, you will create an easy-to-implement
action plan for team building that will improve the effectiveness and success of your
team.

Control Management
A team must be managed effectively to expect the best from the team members.
The team leader plays an essential role in managing his team well.

For effective team management, it is important that the team leader

is more of a mentor to his team members rather than just being a
strict boss. Understand your team members well. Gone are the days when
people used to fear their bosses. Now a days employees share a healthy

35

relation with their superiors and the comfort level has increased to a large
extent. Dont impose things on them.

Ensure that each and every team member willingly participates in

team discussions. Debates are important, but make sure you dont end up
fighting with each other. Suggestions must be invited from all and do not
discuss issues separately with individuals. Call every one on an open forum
and formulate strategies keeping in mind every bodys inputs. Poilcies should
be made best suited to all. The objective of the team must be clearly set and
circulated among all the team members. Everyone should be aware of his
roles and responsibilities in the team.

Communication among the team members must be clear and transparent for
an effective team management. Every team member should get the same
information and should have an easy access to the superiors in case
of any query.

The team members must not pass on any information to anyone

outside the team. Learn to keep things to yourself. It is unethical to share
your professional secrets with others. Dont leak information or any
confidential data.

The team members must be motivated on a regular basis. Appreciation

is a must. If any team member has performed extraordinarily, do give him a
pat on his back. Performance appraisals, perks, incentives, trophies, prizes are
all instrumental in motivating the team members to perform even better the
next time. Avoid criticizing any of your team members.

LO4. Be able to develop strategies for problem solving

36

4.1 Review tools and methods for developing solutions to problems

A problem is a condition thats not acceptable, it may involve tangible and /or
intangible elements such as people, processes, systems, states of affair, products,
circumstances, or any business or personal situation. Solving a problem involves
finding ways to overcome any obstackes and to achieve our objective
Although each problems is unique in terms of the information involved, and requires
a unique blend of thought processes to find a solution, there are some methods for
developing solutions to problems:
1. Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D)
The Eight Disciplines of Problem Solving (8D) is a problem solving methodology
designed to find the root cause of a problem, devise a short-term fix and implement
a long-term solution to prevent recurring problems. The basic idea of 8D is correctly
identified the cause of the problem, and applied such actions to prevent recurrence
of the problem:
1D estabilishing the team: Establish the team (from 2 to 10 persons) from
different departments and choose teams leader
2D problem description: Exactly describe the problem in order to
understand what went badly.
3D containment action: Stop the process, for example, introducing 100%
inspection, retest.
4D root cause: Establish the actual cause of the problem and why it wasnt
detected previously
5D corrective action: Establish and introduce proper corrective actions
6D validate corrective: Validate whether corrective actions are efficiently,
problem is monitored
7D prevent recurrence: Determine and introduce structural action to
prevent reoccurrance
8D verify and congratulate team: Verify introduced action in 7D and close
the action, dissolution the team
37

The benefits of the 8D methodology include effective approaches to finding a root

cause, developing proper actions to eliminate root causes, and implementing the
permanent corrective action.
2. 5 Whys method
Sakichi Toyoda, one of the fathers of the industrial revolution in Japan, has
developed this method in 1930. He was a factory owner, inventor and founder of
Toyota Industries. His method has become popular throughout the 1970s and today
Toyota continues to use it to solve problems.
Toyota has a philosophy is "go and see". This means that the decision is based on a
deep understanding of the processes and conditions at the factory, not just based on
what a person sitting on the office contemplated.
5 Whys method right with this tradition, and it is most effective when the answers
came from people with practical experience in the implementation process of being
tested. This method is quite simple: when a problem occurs, you discover the nature
and origin of it by asking "why," not less than five times
Here is an example of the analysis 5 whys as a technique to solve the problem
effectively:
1. Why do our customers are not satisfied? Because we did not provide timely
service as we promised.
2. Why are we unable to meet the contractual terms of time or delivery schedule?
Because we think it does not take up so much time.
3. Why do we take longer than expected? Because we do not appreciate the
complexity of the job.

38

4. Why do we underestimate the complexity of the job? Because we had rushed to

estimate the time needed to complete the work, while not list the specific period to
complete the project.
5. Why do we not do that? Because we are running other projects. Obviously, we
need to reconsider their time planning and a full description of the important stages.
Why use the "5 whys"?
5 Whys is a simple technique used to solve the problem, to help users quickly find
the true root. Popularized in the 1970s by the Toyota Production System, 5 whys
strategy is to consider any problem and ask: "Why?", "What causes this problem?"
Often the answer to the question "why" first will elicit the answer to the question
"why" Monday, then the third and so on. Therefore new strategies name 5 Whys
Benefits of the 5 Whys include:
Quickly identify the root causes leading to the problem
Easy to learn and easy to apply
4.2 Develop an appropriate strategy for resolving a particular problem
Base on given case study, some requirements are not clear at the moment so that I
think the spiral model is the suitable system development approach. The spiral
model has four phases: Planning, Risk Analysis, Engineering and Evaluation. A
software project repeatedly passes through these phases in iterations (called Spirals
in this model). The baseline spiral, starting in the planning phase, requirements are
gathered and risk is assessed. Each subsequent spirals builds on the baseline spiral.
Planning

Phase: Requirements

are

gathered

during

the

planning

phase.

Requirements like BRS that is Bussiness Requirement Specifications and SRS

that is System Requirement specifications.

39

Risk Analysis: In the risk analysis phase, a process is undertaken to identify risk
and alternate solutions. A prototype is produced at the end of the risk analysis
phase. If any risk is found during the risk analysis then alternate solutions are
suggested and implemented.
Engineering Phase: In this phase software is developed, along with testing at
the end of the phase. Hence in this phase the development and testing is done.
Evaluation phase: This phase allows the customer to evaluate the output of the
project to date before the project continues to the next spiral.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Spiral Model

Advantages

Additional functionality or

Disadvantages

changes can be done at a later stage

Cost estimation becomes easy as

or budget

It works best for large projects

the prototype building is done in

only also demands risk assessment

small fragments

expertise

Continuous or repeated

For its smooth operation spiral

development helps in risk

model protocol needs to be followed

management

strictly

Development is fast and features

are added in a systematic way

Risk of not meeting the schedule

There is always a space for

customer feedback

Documentation is more as it has

intermediate phases

It is not advisable for smaller

project, it might cost them a lot

40

4.3 Evaluate the potential impact on the business of implementing the strategy.
In every stage of Spiral model, it has a strong impact to the business:
Planning Phase Requirements: this stage often last in one or two weeks, need
to gather clearly requirements from every member who invole to the project, this
may cause uncomfortable and

take a lot of their working time, the companys

business in this time may be a little bit confused.

Risk Analysis: this stage last in one week, getting risks information and solutions
may cause a negative effects to employees because of disturbuing their working,
they may feel uncomfortable or even worry about their job.
Engineering Phase and Evaluation phase: this stage last in ten to fourteen
weeks, developer team will develop new system, implement and testing. During this
time, the new system will replace the old one step by step, employees may not
know how to use the new system, they have to spend time to learn, because of that,
some employees may feel boring or even quit their job. Besides that, business
effeciency might be reduced at first but after that the company can get higher
revenue compare to the old system. Moreover, when init the new system, customers
might feel unfamiliar or even dislike the new system, but after that time, the system
offert a new way of business, better services, these might get more customers
satisfaction.
Cost: The cost to complete the project will larger than using other models, more
requirements, more risks that means costly so the business will have to invest a big
amount of money to own the software.

41

Business: During the implement of Spiral model, the organization has to change
their business activities, marketing strategies from old model to the new one, from
doing by hand to an IT system.
Implementing new system by using spiral model has indirect influenced to the
strategies of the organization. The success of either the software or the model will
determine the success of business.

42