RESPONSE OF SINGLE DEGREE OF

FREEDOM SYSTEM
MD. MOIZUDDIN AHMED (16MST1028), KRUNAL BHANDARI(16MST1036), SOMIL
KHATTAR(16MST1054),
SCHOOL OF MECHANICS AND BUILDING SCIENCES,
VIT UNIVERSITY, CHENNAI CAMPUS,
CHENNAI, INDIA
ABSTRACT: In this work, the governing equations of motion are formulated for free vibration
of single-degree-of-freedom damped system. Vibration characteristics are studied by taking an
example of a single storey building with damper. For this work, software SAP 2000 is used.
Value of the damper is changed and corresponding deflection and mode shape are noted.
Key words: Damping, deflection, mode shape
I. INTRODUCTION:
The study of vibration deals with oscillatory motion of a machine or a structure about an
equilibrium position when it is subjected to shock or an oscillating force. The oscillations may be
repeated uniformly, or change with time. Vibration in machines and structures is quite common
and undesirable. In most cases its undesirable effects may be classified with respect to human
characteristics and damage to engineering structures.
The simultaneous occurrence of unpleasant and structurally damaging vibrations such as those in
cars and trucks is the most common. Some vibrations are desirable, viz. beating of the heart,
planets revolving around the sun and the consolidation of concrete by using vibrators. Damage to
the structure occurs through earthquake loadings by forming cracks due to undesirable
vibrations. Hence, in such cases, vibrations must be reduced to the minimum or should be
eliminated. For elimination or reduction and to produce controlled vibrations, where necessary, a
study of basic vibration theory is essential.
The minimum number of independent coordinates required to determine completely the positions
of all parts of a system at any instant of time defines the degree of freedom of the system. A
single degree of freedom system requires only one coordinate to describe its position at any
instant of time.
Some of the examples of SDOF system are as follows:

II. FORMULATION OF EQUATION OF MOTION:

A special kind of motion occurs when the force on the body is proportional to the displacement
of the body from equilibrium. If this force acts towards the equilibrium position of the body, a
repetitive back and forth motion about this position occurs. Such a motion is an example of
periodic or oscillatory motion. F is proportional to (x).

Where, k is constant.
III. SDOF MODAL ANALYSIS ON SAP-2000:
Consider the simple single degree of freedom system composed of four columns, fixed at its base
and slab is placed at its top. Also beams are provided on all the four edges.
The dimensions of the member considered are as follows:
Size of concrete beam = 350 mm x 450 mm
Slab thickness = 100 mm
Size of Plinth beam = 230 mm x 230 mm
Height of storey = 3 m
Damping ratio = 0.05
Elasticity of concrete = 2 x 105 MPa
Moment of Inertia of column = 6.75 x 108 mm4
The modal satisfying above dimension is as shown below:

DL is calculated automatically
LL = 1.5 kN/m.
Earthquake Force is considered automatically corresponding to Zone V and soil type III.
Case i) For column size = 250 mm x 250 mm
Moment of inertia = 3.25 x 108 mm4
Stiffness, k = 28,935 N/mm
Time period = 0.2014 sec
Frequency = 4.97 Hz
Displacement at nodes in mm is as follows:
Modes 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
U1
0
59.2
0
60.3
0
60.3
0
59.2
U3
0
0.8
0
1.4
0
1.4
0
0.8

Case ii) For column size = 300 mm x 300 mm

Moment of inertia = 6.75 x 108 mm4
Stiffness, k = 60,000 N/mm
Time period = 0.1508 sec
Frequency = 6.64 Hz
Displacement at nodes in mm is as follows:
Modes 1
2
3
4
U1
0
52.6
0
53.1
U3
0
-0.8
0
-1.4

5
0
0

6
53.1
-1.4

7
0
0

8
52.6
-0.8

5
0
0

6
35.5
-1.1

7
0
0

8
35.3
-0.8

Case iii) For column size = 350 mm x 350 mm

Moment of inertia = 1.25 x 109 mm4
Stiffness, k = 1,11,157 N/mm
Time period = 0.1212 sec
Frequency = 8.249 Hz
Displacement at nodes in mm is as follows:
Modes 1
2
3
4
U1
0
35.3
0
35.5
U3
0
-0.8
0
-1.1

Case iv) For column size = 400 mm x 400 mm

Moment of inertia = 2.13 x 109 mm4
Stiffness, k = 1,89,625 N/mm
Time period = 0.1027 sec
Frequency = 9.74 Hz
Displacement at nodes in mm is as follows:
Modes
U1
U3

1
0
0

2
32.1
0.9

3
0
0

4
32.7
1.3

5
0
0

6
32.7
1.3

7
0
0

8
32.1
0.9

IV. CONCLUSION:
From this work, we conclude that by increasing the stiffness of the material, its deflection
decreases.
REFRENCES:
[1] NPTEL Notes on Single Degree of Freedom system.
[2] Journal on Vibration of single degree of freedom systems by Pelin Gundes