INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS

ASI - PITOT TO CAPSULE & STATIC TO CASE

ALT - ANEROID CAPSULE-VACUUM & STATIC TO CASE

VSI - STATIC TO CAPSUEL & STATIC LEAK TO CASE

QNE - ICAO STANDARD (1013.25 Mb)

QNH - ATMOSPHERIC PX @ SEA LVL (ALT = AIRFIELD HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LVL)

QFE - ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE @ AIRFIELD LVL (ALT = 0)

ORANGE IDENT

ALTERNATE SOURCE SELCTOR (OFFSIDE) PITOT/STATIC

CENTRAL AIR DATAT COMPUTER - PTIOT/STATIC AIR DATA TO ELECTRICAL SIGNAL

ALTIMETER SENSITIVITY AND ACCURACY INCREASED BY TRIPLE-STACK CORRUGATED CAPSULE

TEMPERATURE COMPENSATED U-SPRING INVAR/BRASS WITH POINTERS

CAM FOWLER IN BARO INSTRUMNET GIVES LINEAR OUTPUT

INSTRUMENT ERROR , COMPRESSIBILITY & DENSITY ERROR

CALIBRATED AIRSPEED REMOVES INSTRUMENT ERROR

EQUIVALENT AIRSPEED REMOVES COMPRESSIBILITY ERRORS

TRUE AIR SPEED REMOVES DENSITY ERRORS

WHITE BUG POINTERS- SET TARGET SPEEDS/WHITE ARCS - FLAP SETTINGS

BLOCKED PITOT - ASI OVER READ IN CLIMB / UNDER READ IN DECENT (REVERSE FOR BLOCKED STATIC)

VSI MAY BE ADJUSTED BY NO MORE THAN 10% & STATIC LINE BLOCKAGE - VSI WILL READ ZERO

ASI

ADI

ALT

RMI

HSI

VSI

GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS

VERTICAL GYRO (PITCH/ROLL)- ADI

HORIZONTAL GYRO (DIRECTIONAL GYRO) YAW & BEARING - HSI

FRET : FREE GYRO(SPACE- NOT TIED/D.G), RATE GYRO(FREEDOM IN ONE PLANE/VSI ) EARTH GYRO (CONSTRAINED BY GRAVITY/ADI)
TIED GYRO- (CONSTRAINED IN ONE PLANE)

PRECESSION - ACTS 90 DEGREES IN DIRECTION OF ROTATION

RIGIDITY INCREASES WITH INCREASE IN ROTOR MASS/SPEED/GYROSCOPIC RADIUS

APPARENT WANDER- DUE TO EARTH ROTATION (15 DEGREES PER HOUR )

TRANSPORT WANDER - DUE TO GYRO MAINTAINING ITS SPIN AXIS RELATIVE TO A POINT IN SPACE

NORMAL ERECTION - 5 DEGREES/MIN, FAST ERECTION - 3 DEGREES/MIN

ERROR IN ROLL BECOMES ERROR IN PITCH

RATE 1 TURN - 180 DEGREE RATE 2 - 360 DEGREE ( SHOWN ON TURN/SLIP INDICATOR)

COMPASS SYSTEM

MAGNETIC DEVIATION - METAL IN LOCAL AREA (AIRFRAME)

MAGNETIC VARIATION- ANNUAL NORTH/SOUTH VARIATION

USE NON MAGNETIC TOOLS

DIRECT COMPASS-STANDBY COMPASS

REMOTE COMPASS-D.G SLAVED TO FLUX DETECTOR

FLUX DETECTOR FOUND ON WING TIPS

D.G SELECTED IF FLUX VALVE/AMPLIFIER FAIL OR A/C IS AT LATITUDE GREATER THAN 60 DEGREES

MAGNETIC SYSTEM USES COMPENSATING UNIT TO COMPENSATE FOR MAGNETIC DEVIATION

RMI - PROVED MAGNETIC HEADING AND RADIO BEARING

HSI-MAGNETIC/TRUE (DEPENDING ON SOURCE SELECTION) D.G (SHORT TERM) FLUX VALVE (LONG TERM )