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Pressure p
pmax
Time t in ms
10
20
30
1,000
100
Standards
The industrial standard for switchgear is defined by international and national standards. A distinction is also made in
the classification of faults, such as arcing faults, between
low (up to 1 kV) and medium/high voltage (above 1 kV):
Note:
Medium-voltage switchgear is generally tested for accessibility of Type A. Only complete, factory-assembled stations
(transformer / load-centre substations) are tested for Type B.
Testing normal switchgear for conformance with Type B
doesn't make sense, since they will always be built into an
additional station housing in public spaces.
Configuration of a medium-voltage switchgear installation under the aspect of a hazard caused by an arcing
fault
On the basis of IEC 61936-1 (VDE 0101-1), the following
points should be observed when configuring medium-voltage switchgear.
a) Protection against operator faults, for instance ensured
by the following measures:
Switch disconnectors instead of disconnectors
Make-proof switches
Low voltage:
IEC/TR 61641 (VDE 0100-500 Addendum 2):
Low-voltage switchgear assemblies Part 1: Type-tested
and partially type-tested assemblies - Technical Report:
Guide for testing under conditions of arcing due to an
internal fault
Interlocking devices
Unambiguous key locks
b) Keep operating aisles as short, high and wide as
possible.
c) Use sealed encapsulations or covers instead of encapsulations with openings or meshed wire.
50
0.5
20
12 hPa
10 hPa
Overpressure [p]
8 hPa
6 hPa
4 hPa
2 hPa
0 hPa
0 ms
100 ms
200 ms
300 ms
400 ms
500 ms
600 ms
700 ms
800 ms
900 ms
1000 ms
Time [t]
Fig. 3: Example of a view of the switchgear room with user-selected measuring points
Fig. 5: Screen display of the Siemens calculation tool for calculating a transformer room
(mbar)
t(s)
Overpressure in hPa
60
2 2
0.1mm
AA
= =0,1
2 2
0.2mm
AA
= =0,2
2 2
0.4mm
AA
= =0,4
2 2
0.5mm
AA
= =0,5
2 2
0.6mm
AA
= =0,6
50
Without
pressure
absorber
2 2
AA
= =0,1
0.1
mm
2 2
With
AA
= =0,2
0.2
mm
mit
pressure
2 2
0.4
AA
= =0,4
mm
Druckabsorber
absorber
2 2
0.5
AA
= =0,5
mm
2 2
0.6
AA
= =0,6
mm
40
30
20
10
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
Consequences
Direct personal injury
Unpleasant bang effect
in deep frequency
Peak overpressure
[hPa] = [mbar]
1.5
10
15
175
300
850
1,850
2,050
Type of wall
Permissible
overpressure
in the room in hPa
Gypsum board
< 10
10
25
50
Cast-in-place concrete
> 70
130
10
30
50
Concrete cell
Glass panes
Damage to building
Damage on window frames,
doors and roofs
20
60
120
200
350
400
Destruction of multi-storey
buildings, destruction of
50-cm brickwork
500
Damage to infrastructure
Dented sheet steel plates
75
95
215
350
460
600
750
Fig. 8: Passive system for the prevention of an arcing fault by means of an insulated busbar, panel connector, and incoming/outgoing feeder
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Fig. 9: Work instruction for mounting a passive system for Siemens switchgear
Footnote
[1] Druckbeanspruchung der Schaltanlagenrume
durch Strlichtbgen; 1976 - F. Pigler in Energiewirtschaftliche Tagesfragen 26. Jg. Heft 3
[2] Die Risikoanalyse mittels Konsequenz und Eintrittswahrscheinlichkeit Methodik am Beispiel des
Druckbehlterversagens im Erdgasfahrzeug; 2012 C. Glanz, Bergische Universitt Wuppertal, Fachbereich
Maschinenbau/Werkstofftechnik
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Siemens AG
Infrastructure & Cities Sector
Low and Medium Voltage Division
Postfach 32 20
91050 Erlangen
Germany
The information in this brochure only includes general descriptions and/or performance characteristics, which do not
always apply in the form described in a specific application, or which may change as products are developed. The required
performance characteristics are only binding if they are expressly agreed at the point of conclusion of the contract. All product names may be trademarks or product names of Siemens AG or supplier companies; use by third parties for their own
purposes could constitute a violation of the owners rights.
www.siemens.com/tip
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