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Mathematics
Name: . . . . . . . . . . .
" Trigonometric lines "
10th-Grade
S.S-4.
Introduction:
The building of the Egyptian pyramids may seem to have little in
common with devising modern radar, air-planes and H-bombs. But
certain principles of mathematics enter into all such activities. Many
are used in the field of mathematics called Trigonometry.
A. Goals:
1- Find measure of an angle using radian.
2- Convert between units of angles.
3- Determine the length of an arc.
B. A profound review:
1. Labeling the sides of a right-angled triangle:
2. Defining the three main trigonometric ratios: sin ; cos ; and tan .
Consider the acute angle enclosed between the two fixed rays [ox) and [oy ). Let A be a
variable point on ray [oy ) and B is its orthogonal projection on [ox) .
a. Is constant? Justify. ..
b. Indicate how does AB vary with respect to Ox ?
OB OB1
c. Prove that:
.
OA OA1
..
OB OB2
d. Prove that:
OA OA2
..
OB
OB3
e. Complete:
........ ..........
cst
OA
OA3
Fig-1.
f. Does these ratios depend on the:
i. Position of A on ray oy ?
ii. Value angle ? ..
Attention!!!In this year we are not only concerned with acute angles of a right triangle.
10th Grade.
Page 1 of 4
3. Trigonometric ratios:
Cosine and Sine ratios:
Cosine ratio
To
remember
rule
Cah
Sine ratio
Reference triangle
Adjacent OB
cos AOB
Hypotenuse OA
sin AOB
Opposite
AB
To
remember
Hypotenuse OA
rule
IN SHORT
soh
IN SHORT
cos ..........
sin ..........
Tangent ratio
Cotangent ratio
Reference triangle
Opposite AB
tan AOB
Adjacent OB
Adjacent OB
cot AOB
Opposite AB
IN SHORT
IN SHORT
tan
cot
Opp
sin
OR tan
adj
cos
Toa OR tsc
adj
cos
OR cot
Opp
sin
cot tan 1
Ccs
To remember rule
tan 2
cot 2
10th Grade.
1
1
cos 2
1
1
sin 2
sin 2 cos 2 1
cos 2
sin 2
1
tan 1
2
1
cot 2 1
Page 2 of 4
D. Length of an arc:
Consider the following table:
Length of an arc
Greatest arc
Corresponds to
Pcircle 2 R
vA length l
l R
E. Trigonometric circle:
Def: is a circle with one unit radius and a definite positive direction
called the direct sense, which is the anti-clock wise sense.
In the trigonometric circle O, OA, OB ,A is the origin of arcs.
Remarkable angles:
Degrees versus radian
: in degrees
: in radians
30
45
90
60
If and
cot cot 1
tan cot
10th Grade.
135
3
4
150
5
6
Ratios
sin
cos
tan
cot
270
3
2
We notice that
Complements
Angle ()
180
1st - quadrant
Quadrant
120
2
3
0rad
1
2
3
2
3
3
4
2
2
2
2
3
3
2
1
1
2
3
3
Complementary
tan tan 1
cos sin
Page 3 of 4
F. Principal determination:
Principal angle is the measure of the oriented arc AP that belongs
to the interval:
] , ]
] 180 ,180 ]
If angle is in degrees
If angle is in radian
G. Trigonometric lines:
AT tan
HM sin
means
1 cos 1
1 sin 1
tan
cot
10th Grade.
Page 4 of 4