AC Three-Phase Induction Motor

AC Three-phase Induction Motor
Ch6. INDUCTION MOTOR

Prepared by: Dr. Hani Muhsen
Electric Machine Course ME331, Dr. Hani Muhsen

INDUCTION MOTOR CONSTRUCTION
Induction motors can be classified based on rotor structure to two types:
1. Squirrel Cage Induction Motor
The three phases of the rotor windings are usually Y-connected, and the ends of the three
rotor wires are tied to slip rings on the rotor's shaft. The rotor windings are shorted
through brushes riding on the slip rings.

INDUCTION MOTOR CONSTRUCTION
2. Slip Ring Induction Motor (Wound Rotor)
A cage induction motor rotor consists of a series of conducting bars laid into slots
carved in the face of the rotor and shorted at either end by large shorting rings.

Slip Ring I.M Vs. Squirrel Cage I.M
Slip Ring I.M:
Rotor currents accessible at the stator brushes.
Extra resistance call be inserted into the rotor circuit
Torque-speed characteristics and starting current can be controlled by external resistors
Squirrel Cage I.M:
Less expensive.
Less maintenance efforts
Frequently used
Basic Induction Motor Concepts

Induced Torque in an Induction Motor
1. 3 voltages applied to the stator 3 currents stator magnetic field
The magnetic field's rotates at speed known as synchronous speed
where: fs is the system frequency, P is the number of poles
2. passes over the rotor bars induces a voltage on the bars = ( )

Rotor current Rotor Magnetic field BR Counter clock wise induced torque on
the Rotor = .

Induced Torque Steps

What will happen to the induced torque if the rotor speed reached
the synchronous speed in induction motor ?
Note that in normal operation both the rotor and stator magnetic fields BR and BS
rotate together at synchronous speed ,while the rotor itself turns at a slower speed.
Rotor Slip
The induced voltage and current in a rotor bar depends on the speed of the rotor
relative to the magnetic fields it is easier to use the speed of the rotor
relative to the stator magnetic field.
Slip (s) as percentage is given by =

Rotor speed (n) can be found by
% or by =
= ( ) or by
= ( )

Rotor Slip
The rotor frequency can be expressed as
= .
or by substituting s
Note: at n = ns fr = 0 and at n = 0 (Locked) fr = fs


Example 6.1: A 208-V, 10-hp, four-pole, 60Hz, Y-connected induction motor has a full-load
slip of 5 percent.
(a) What is the synchronous speed of this motor?

(b) What is the rotor speed of this motor at the rated load?
(c) What is the rotor frequency of this motor at the rated load?
(d) What is the shaft torque of this motor at the rated load?

Solution Ex 6.1:
(a) The synchronous speed of this motor is

=
=
=
(d) The shaft load torque

=
=
= . .
(b) The rotor speed of the motor is

= = . =
(c) The rotor frequency

= . = . =

The Final Equivalent Circuit of Induction Motor
To produce the final per-phase equivalent circuit for an induction motor, it is necessary to
refer the rotor part of the model over to the stator side.
The per-phase equivalent circuit of an induction motor


The Final Equivalent Circuit of Induction Motor
=
where : the rotor resistance,
: The effective turns ratio for a wound-rotor motor-it is basically the ratio of the
conductors per phase on the stator to the conductors per phase on the rotor, modified by any
pitch and distribution factor differences.
where 0 : the locked rotor reactance,


Power And Torque In Induction Motors
Air Gap Power

=
Developed Power
=
= ( )
=
Output Power
Input Power
(SCL)
Stator Copper Losses
=
Core Losses
(RCL)
Rotor Copper Losses
=
Friction &
Windage
Losses
The power-flow diagram of an induction motor

Stray
Losses

Power And Torque In Induction Motors

Example 6.3: A 460-V, 25-hp, 60-Hz, four-pole, Y-connected induction motor has the
following impedances in ohms per phase referred to the stator circuit:.
1 = 0.641 , 2 = 0.332 , 1 = 1.106 , 2 = 0.464 , = 26.3 .

The total rotational losses are 1100 W and are assumed to be constant. The core loss is Jumped
in with the rotational losses. For a rotor slip of 2.2 percent at the rated voltage and rated
frequency, find the motor's:
(a) Speed (b) Stator current (c) Power factor (d) Pconv and Pout (e) Tin and Tload (f) Efficiency

Solution Ex 6.3:
(a) The speed
= =
= . /
= = . = = . /
(b) Stator current

=
=
= + , = + , =
4600
3
2660
..
= . .
+ ,

Solution Ex 6.3:
(c) Power Factor
= . = .
(d) Pconv and Pout
= , =
= . . = . and
= =
= = .
. =
=11.585 kW.
= .

Solution Ex 6.3:
(e) Tin and Tload

=

. /
= . . , =
. /
(f) Motor Efficiency

=
% =
% = . %
= . .

6.11: Determining Circuit Model Parameters
The No-Load Test ( =? , =?)

(. )
= + + & +
= 312 1 +
= + & +

6.11: Determining Circuit Model Parameters
The No-Load Test ( =? , =?)
=
+
,
With the large lagging current, most of the
voltage drop will be across the inductive

components in the circuit. The equivalent
input impedance is thus approximately


The DC Test for Stator Resistance ( =? )
The inductance in DC is equivalent to S.C
=

The Locked-Rotor Test ( =? , =?)
= +

=
= +
=
=
= +
= cos + sin

Example 6.8: The following test data were taken on a 7.5-hp, four-pole, 208-V,
60-Hz, design A, Y-connected induction motor having a rated current of 28 A.
DC test: = 13.6 , = 28
No-load test: = 208 , = 8.12 , = 8.20 , = 8.18 , = 420 , = 60
Locked-rotor test: = 25 , = 28.1 , = 28 , = 27.6 , = 920 , = 15
(a) Sketch the per-phase equivalent circuit for this motor.

(b) Find the slip at the pullout torque, and find the value of the pullout torque itself.

Solution Ex 6.8:
(a) Sketch the per-phase equivalent circuit for this motor.
From DC-Test =
From noload Test , =
.
.
= .
.+.+.
= . ,

=
=
= . +
, .
From Locked-rotor Test =

(. )
= .

Solution Ex 6.8:
=
920
3 (25 ) (27.9 )
= 1 0.762 = .
= = 0.517 40.4 = 0.394 = = .

= sin = 0.517 40.4 = 0.335
=
60
15
0.335 = . = +
= = . and from no-load test = 1 = .


Solution Ex 6.8:
Per-phase Equivalent Circuit For This Motor

6.5: Induction Motor Torque-speed Characteristics
Comments
1. Tind = 0 at synchronous speed ns .
2. Torque- speed curve is nearly linear between no load
and full load. In this range, the induced torque increase
linearly (with increasing slip).
3. Breakdown torque, is 2 to 3 times the rated full-load torque
of the motor.
4. The starting torque on the motor is slightly larger than its

full-load torque. So this motor will start carrying any load.

6.6: Variations In Induction Motor Torque-speed Characteristics
Control of Motor Characteristics by Rotor Design
Rotor resistance R2 Starting torque
starting current
For a specific TL, if Rotor resistance R2
Slip and n Pout
Remember:
= ( )

Typical torque-speed curves for different rotor designs
National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)

AC Three-Phase Induction Motor

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

AC Three-Phase Induction Motor

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

AC Three-phase Induction Motor

Ch6. INDUCTION MOTOR

Electric Machine Course ME331, Dr. Hani Muhsen