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F F1 = m ( C C1 )
Apply It 3.1
9
(C 5)
5
9
F 41 = C 9
5
9
F = C + 32
5
F 41 =
y (price)
40
30
20
10
x (time)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Year
5.
9
C + 32
5
9
5( F ) = 5 C + 32
5
5F = 9C + 160
0 = 9C 5F + 160
Thus, 9C 5F + 160 = 0 is a general linear form
9
of F = C + 32 .
5
F=
6.
100
100
100
100
Section 3.1
AB m =
= =0
60 6
10
x
5
70 7
BC m =
= =7
76 1
70 7
AC m =
= =1
70 7
10.
y 0 = 75( x 0)
y = 75 x
75 x y = 0
y
100
Problems 3.1
1. m =
10 2 8
= =2
73 4
2. m =
10 3
7
=
= 1
2 5 7
3. m =
1
3 (2) 1
=
=
86
2
2
4. m =
4 (4) 0
= =0
3 2
1
x
10
11.
y
5
6 (4) 10
=
3 0
3
7. m =
2 (2) 0
=
=0
45
1
8. m =
0 (7) 7
=
9 1
8
9.
1
y 5 = [ x (5)]
2
2( y 5) = ( x + 5)
2 y 10 = x 5
x + 2y 5 = 0
x
5
12.
y 7 = 5[ x (1)]
y 7 = 5( x + 1)
y 7 = 5 x 5
5x + y 2 = 0
1 5
x
3 2
5
6( y 5) = 2 x +
2
6 y 30 = 2 x + 5
2 x 6 y + 35 = 0
y 5 =
10
y
35
6
x
10
99
13. m =
2 0 2
=
3 0 3
2
y 0 = ( x 0)
3
2
y= x
3
3y = 2x
2x 3y = 0
4 1
3
=
1 (6) 7
16. m =
3
( x 1)
7
7( y 4) = 3( x 1)
7 y 28 = 3x 3
3x 7 y + 25 = 0
y4 =
10
y
5
x
10
2 (4) 6
=
= 6
56
1
y 2 = 6( x 5)
y 2 = 6 x + 30
6 x + y 32 = 0
14. m =
17.
y = 2x + 4
2x y + 4 = 0
10
x
10
50
x
10
18.
y = 5x 7
5x y 7 = 0
10
8 (4) 4
=
= 4
2 (3)
1
y (4) = 4[ x (3)]
y + 4 = 4 x 12
4 x + y + 16 = 0
15. m =
x
7
5
10
y
20
19.
x
20
1
x3
2
1
2 y = 2 x 3
2
2 y = x 6
x + 2y + 6 = 0
y=
100
Section 3.1
x
6
3
x
5
(2, 3)
20.
y = 0x
1
2
1
2
2 y = 1
2y +1 = 0
y=
x
(0, 0)
5x
1
2
x
10
x
5
x
5
x
(1, 1)
27. 3x + 5 y 9 = 0
5 y = 3 x + 9
3
9
y = x+
5
5
3
9
m= ,b=
5
5
101
9
5
y
5
x
5
x
5
28. y + 4 = 7
y=3
y = 0x + 3
m = 0, b = 3
32. y 7 = 3( x 4)
y 7 = 3x 12
y = 3x 5
m = 3, b = 5
5
3
5
x
5
33. y = 3
y = 0x + 3
m = 0, b = 3
x
5
5
3
30. x 9 = 5 y + 3
5 y = x 12
1
12
y = x
5
5
1
12
m= ,b=
5
5
5
34. 6 y 24 = 0
y=4
y = 0x + 4
m = 0, b = 4
x
20
x
12
102
Section 3.1
44. The line y = x has slope m1 = 1 and the line
y = x has slope m2 = 1 . m1 =
lines are perpendicular.
1
5
1
slope m1 = and the line y = 3x has slope
3
1
m2 = 3. Since m1 m2 and m1
, the
m2
lines are neither parallel nor perpendicular.
1
m1 = and the line x + 4y 4 = 0 (or
2
1
1
1
m1 m2 and m1
, the lines are neither
m2
parallel nor perpendicular.
38. 3( x 4) 7( y + 1) = 2
3x 12 7 y 7 = 2
3x 7 y 21 = 0 (general form)
7y = 3x + 21, or y =
3
x 3 (slope-intercept
7
form)
39.
1
so the
m2
x 2y
3
+
= 4
2 3
4
x 2y
19
12 +
= 12
2 3
4
6 x + 8 y = 57
6 x 8 y 57 = 0 (general form)
8 y = 6 x + 57
3
57
y = x
(slope-intercept form)
4
8
1
3
1
x + 8 is in slope-intercept form.
300
1
300 y = 300
x + 8
300
300 y = x + 2400
x 300 y + 2400 = 0 (general form)
40. y =
m2 =
1
, the lines are perpendicular.
m1
y = 4x 5.
3
Point-slope form: y 1 = ( x 4). When the
5
x-coordinate is 3,
3
y 1 = (3 4)
5
3
y 1 = (1)
5
3
y 1 =
5
2
y=
5
2
Thus the point is 3, .
5
3
56. The line 3x + 2y 4 = 0, or y = x + 2, has
2
3
slope . A line perpendicular to it must have
2
2
slope . An equation of the desired line is
3
2
2
y 1 = ( x 3), or y = x 1.
3
3
62. m = 3, b = 1
Slope-intercept form: y = 3x + 1. The point
(1, 2) lies on the line if its coordinates satisfy
the equation. If x = 1 and y = 2, then
2 = 3(1) + 1 or 2 = 2, which is true. Thus
(1, 2) lies on the line.
2x
2x
2
slope , so the slope of a line perpendicular
15
15
to it must have slope
. An equation of the
2
15
desired line is y (5) = ( x 4) or
2
15
y = x 35.
2
2
59. The line 2x + 3y + 6 = 0 has slope , so the
3
2
slope of a line parallel to it must also be . An
3
equation of the desired line is
2
2
29
y (5) = [ x (7)], or y = x .
3
3
3
y (price)
40
30
20
10
0
x (time)
1996
2001
Year
2006
104
Section 3.1
b.
y2 y1 20 14 6
= =3
=
2
x2 x1
53
Using the point-slope form with m = 3 and
( x1 , y1 ) = (3, 14) gives
m=
y y1 = m ( x x1 )
y 14 = 3( x 3)
y 14 = 3x 9
y = 3x + 5
AB m =
= = undefined (vertical)
00 0
( x2 ,
73 4
CD m =
= = undefined (vertical)
22 0
30 3
AC m =
=
20 2
74 3
BD m =
=
20 2
y y1 = m ( x x1 )
y (100, 000) = 28, 000( x 0)
y + 100, 000 = 28, 000 x
y = 28, 000 x 100, 000
4000
4000
500
1000
10
73.
3
p 575 = (q 1200)
8
3
p 575 = q + 450
8
3
p = q + 1025
8
10
10
10
10
74.
10
10
10
f(x)
60
140
1000
f(x)
500
x
0
20
Apply It 3.2
8. Let x = the number of skis that are produced and
let y = the number of boots that are produced.
Then, the equation 8x + 14y = 1000 describes all
possible production levels of the two products.
( q2 ,
y y
640 360 280
slope is m = 2 1 =
=
= 70
x2 x1
73
4
Using the point-slope form with m = 70 and
( x1 , y1 ) = (3, 360) gives
725 575
3
= .
800 1200
8
An equation of the line is
m=
y y1 = m ( x x1 )
y 360 = 70(x 3)
y = f(x) = 70x + 150
106
Section 3.2
5q 5 1
= q has the form
3
3 3
1
p(q) = aq + b where a = (the slope) and
3
5
b = (the vertical-axis intercept).
3
Problems 3.2
5. p(q) =
p(q)
5
5
3
q
5
h(q)
5
0.25
0.5
q
1
h(t)
f(s)
16
s
5
107
10. f(x) = ax + b = 5x + b.
1
Since f = 9, we have
4
1
9 = 5 + b
4
5 41
b = 9+ =
4 4
41
so f ( x) = 5 x + .
4
11.
f ( x) = ax + b =
2
2
2
x + b . Since f = ,
3
3
3
18. The points (50, 35) and (35, 30) lie on the graph
of the equation, which is a line.
30 35 5 1
m=
=
= . Hence an equation of
35 50 15 3
the line is
1
p 35 = (q 50)
3
1
55
p = q+
3
3
we have
2
2 2
= +b
3
3 3
2 4
10
= ,
3 9
9
2
10
so f ( x) = x
.
3
9
b=
19. The line passing through (10, 40) and (20, 70)
70 40
has slope
= 3 , so an equation for the line
20 10
is
c 40 = 3(q 10)
c = 3q + 10
If q = 35, then c = 3(35) + 10 = 105 + 10 = $115.
20. The line passing through (100, 89) and (200, 93)
93 89
has slope
= 0.04 so an equation for
200 100
the line is
c 89 = 0.04( x 100)
c = 0.04 x + 85
Section 3.2
28. a.
d
0
20
1800
35
(1) + 195 = 177.5
2
t
0
10
100
x
100
b.
c.
109
d.
35. a.
100 65 35
=
100 56 44
35
y 100 =
( x 100)
44
35
3500
y=
x
+ 100
44
44
35
225
y=
x+
44
11
t=
b.
35
225
x+
44
11
35
225
x = 62
44
11
1828
x=
52.2
35
52.2 is the lowest passing score on original
scale.
62 =
b.
t2 t1
80 68
12 1
=
=
= .
c2 c1 172 124 48 4
t 68 =
m=
31. a.
m=
1
1
(c 124) , t 68 = c 31 , or
4
4
1
c + 37 .
4
Apply It 3.3
13. In the quadratic function
587
y = P( x) = x 2 + 2 x + 399 , a = 1, b = 2,
c = 399. Since a < 0, the parabola opens
downward. The x-coordinate of the vertex is
b
2
=
=1.
2a
2(1)
The y-coordinate of the vertex is
549
( )
473
435
0 = x 2 + 2 x + 399
511
0 = x 2 2 x 399
N
5
0 = (x + 19)(x 21)
Thus, the x-intercepts are (19, 0) and (21, 0).
b.
When t = 9, then
p = 0.059(9) + 0.025 = 0.556.
y
400
100
25
25
110
Section 3.3
Problems 3.3
1.
2. g ( x) =
( )
2x 4
g ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c where
a 0 not quadratic.
g ( x) = ax 2 + bx + c where
a 0 not quadratic.
t=
=
32 32 4(16)(8)
b b2 4ac
=
2(16)
2a
6
32 1536 32 16 6
=
= 1
2
32
32
6
Thus, the x-intercepts are 1 +
, 0 and
6
, 0 .
1
6.
7.
20
r = 6q 0.003q 2
We note that this is a quadratic function with
a = 0.003, b = 6, and c = 0. Since a < 0, the
graph of the function is a parabola that opens
downward, and r is maximum at the vertex
(q, r).
b
6
q=
=
= 1000
2a
2(0.003)
s2 9 1 2 9
= s has the form
2
2
2
1
f ( s ) = as 2 + bs + c where a = , b = 0, and
2
9
c = quadratic.
2
f (s) =
2
8. g (t ) = t 2 1 = t 4 2t 2 + 1 cannot be put in
111