1.

The dissolution process is exothermic if the amount of energy released in bringing about (i)
interactions exceeds the sum of the amounts of energy absorbed in overcoming (ii) and (iii)
interactions.
(i)

(ii)

(iii)

a) solute-solute

solvent-solvent

solvent-solute

b) solvent-solvent

solute-solute

solvent-solute

c) solvent-solute

solute-solute

crystal lattice

d) solute-solute

crystal lattice

solvent-solvent

e) solvent-solute

solute-solute

solvent-solvent

2. Consider the following pairs of liquids. Which numbered response contains all the pairs that are

miscible and none that are immiscible?

I. benzene, C6H6, and hexane, C6H14
II. water, H2O, and methanol, CH3OH
III. water, H2O, and hexane, C6H14
a) I

b) I and II

c) II and III

d) II

e) I, II, and III

3. Which numbered response lists all of the following statements that are TRUE, and NO
FALSE statements?
I. Many solids that dissolve in endothermic processes have solubilities that increase as
temperature increases.
II. The solubility in water of a gas that does not react with water increases as the partial
pressure of that gas above the surface of the solution increases.
III. Most gases that are reasonably soluble in water are polar or else they react with water or
ionize in water.
a) I

b) II

c) I and II

d) II and III

e) I, II, and III

4. If the concentration of CO2 is 2.90 g of CO2 per 1.00 L of soft drink when bottled under 2.0 atm
of CO2 pressure, what will be the concentration of the CO2 in the drink after it has been opened
and left to come to equilibrium with the atmosphere which has a CO2 partial pressure of
3.0x10-4 atm?
a) 2.2 x 10-3 g CO2/L
b) 2.0 x 10-4 g CO2/L
c) 1.0 x 10-4 g CO2/L
d) 4.4 x 10-4 g CO2/L
e) 4.6 x 10-2 g CO2/L
5. What is the molality of an aqueous solution that is 10.0% ethanol, C2H5OH, by mass?
a) 1.38 m

b) 1.77 m

c) 2.17 m

d) 2.42 m

e) 2.66 m

6. What mass of water must be used to dissolve 20.0 grams of ethanol, C2H5OH, to prepare a
0.0500 molal solution of ethanol?
a) 3.76 kg
b) 4.00 kg
c) 8.70 kg
d) 6.35 kg
e) 7.18 kg
7. A solution contains 10.0 g pentane, C5H12, 10.0 g hexane, C6H14 and 10.0 g benzene, C6H6.
What is the mole fraction of hexane?
a) 0.303
b) 0.116
c) 0.333
d) 0.362
e) 0.335

8. Which of these aqueous solutions would be expected to have the highest boiling point?
a) 0.100 m CaCl2
b) 0.200 m NaOH
c) 0.050 m K2SO4
d) 0.050 m Al2(SO4)3
e) 0.200 m CH3OH

9. Calculate the freezing point of a solution that contains 8.0 g of sucrose (C12H22O11) in 100. g of
H2O. Kf for H2O = 1.86C/m.
a) - 0.044C
b) - 0.22C
c) - 0.39C
d) - 0.44C
e) 0.04C

10. When 1.150 grams of an unknown nonelectrolyte dissolves in 10.0 grams of water, the solution
freezes at -2.16C. What is the molecular weight of the unknown compound? Kf for water =
1.86C/m.
a) 88.6 g/mol
b) 116 g/mol
c) 74.2 g/mol
d) 99.1 g/mol
e) 132 g/mol

11. Calculate the mole fraction of ethyl alcohol, C2H5OH, in a solution that contains 230. grams of
C2H5OH and 312 grams of benzene, C6H6.
a) 2.3
b) 0.57
c) 0.44
d) 1.8
e) 0.56

12. Which one of the following statements is FALSE?

a) All cations are hydrated in aqueous solution.
b) Hydration is generally highly endothermic for ionic compounds
c) All anions are hydrated in aqueous solution.
d) The heats of hydration of cations increases as their charge-to-radius ratios increase.
e) All ions are hydrated in aqueous solution.

13. Calculate the osmotic pressure associated with 50.0 g of an enzyme of molecular weight
98,000 g/mol dissolved in 2600. mL of benzene at 30.0 C.
a) 3.71 torr
b) 1.96 torr
c) 0.484 torr
d) 2.48 torr
e) 1.68 torr

14. What is the vapor pressure of a aqueous solution containing 10 % (by weight) ethylene glycol
(62 g/mol) at 25 C. PH2O = 24.3 torr at 25C?
a) 25.1 torr
b) 0.761 torr
c) 23.5 torr
d) 21.9 torr
e) 18.9 torr

15. Which of the following terms is NOT generally used in describing the dissolution of solids and
gases in liquids?
a) % solute by mass
b) molarity
c) molality
d) miscibility
e) saturation

16. Calculate the molarity of a solution that contains 9.0 g of (COOH)2 in 1500. mL of solution.
a) 0.20 M
b) 0.26 M
c) 0.13 M
d) 0.10 M
e) 0.067 M

17. Consider the three statements below. Which numbered response contains all the statements that
are TRUE and no false statements?
I. Hydration is a special case of solvation in which the solvent is water.
II. The oxygen end of water molecules is attracted toward Ca2+ ions.
III. The hydrogen end of water molecules is attracted toward Cl- ions.
a) I, II, and III
b) I and II
c) III
d) I
e) II

18. If 4.27 grams of sucrose, C12H22O11, are dissolved in 15.2 grams of water, what will be the
boiling point of the resulting solution? Kb for water = 0.512 C/m.
a) 101.42 C
b) 100.73 C
c) 100.42 C
d) 99.626 C
e) 101.64 C

19. Which one of the following statements is FALSE?

a) The solubility of a gas that does not react with the solvent decreases as temperature increases.
b) The effects of lattice energies and hydration energies oppose each other in the dissolution of
solids in liquids.
c) The separation of solute particles from a crystal requires energy.
d) The solvation process usually absorbs heat.
e) Nonpolar solids do not dissolve appreciably in polar solvents.
20. Which of the following aqueous solutions would have the lowest vapor pressure at 25 C?
a) 0.01 m CaCl2
b) 0.01 m NaCl
c) 0.02 m NaCl
d) 0.015 m CaCI2

KEY
1) e
2) b
3) e
4) d
5) d
6) c
7) a
8) b
9) d
10) d
11) e
12) b
13) a
14) c
15) d
16) e
17) a
18) c
19) d
20) d