ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We believe that behind the ascent of each and every student life, not only the
relentless urge to work hard but there is also the guidance and inspiration of our teachers.
It was a highly eventful session at the MGITER, NAVSARI working with highly
devoted mechanical faculty and will probably remain the most memorable experience of
our life. Hence this acknowledgement is a humble attempt to earnestly thank all those
who were directly and indirectly involved in our project work and were of immense help
to us.
We wish to express our profound thanks to our guide, Assistant Prof. JAY M.
PATEL who guided us throughout our project and helped us in creating our project
report. His ideas and help proved to be extremely valuable during the creation of the
report.
We are highly indebted to our department head Prof. PANKAJ AHIR for
providing us this opportunity to prepare for this report.
Finally, we are thankful to our family members. All of these have made our
project successful.

Thank You,
Patel Jatinkumar C.
Patel Bhargavkumar K.
Patel Devangkumar A.
Patel Dhavalkumar I.

Page | I

INDEX
Table of content

II

List of figure

IV

List of tables

VI

Abstract

VII

TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1

General introduction

1.2

Biomass energy in India

1.3

Biomass- clean energy source

1.4

Biomass conversion technology

1.4.1

Direct combustion

1.4.2

Pyrolysis

1.4.3

Gasification

1.4.4

Steam gasification

1.4.5

Hydrogenation

1.4.6

Anaerobic digestion

1.4.7

Fermentation

1.4.8

Hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation

1.5

Gasification

1.6

Gasification-The conversion alternative

1.7

Classification of biomass Gasifier

1.7.1

Fixed Bed Gasifier

1.7.1.1

Up Draft Gasifier

1.7.1.2

Down Draft Gasifier

1.7.1.3

Cross Draft Gasifier

10
Page | II

1.7.2

Fluidiezed Bed Gasifier

11

1.7.2.1

Bubbling Fluidized Bed

12

1.7.2.2

Circulating Fluidized Bed

12

1.7.3

Advantages & disadvantages

13

CHAPTER

LITERATURE REVIEW

2
2.1

Problem identification

14

2.2

Objective of research

18

CHAPTER

WORKING METHODOLOGY

3
3.1

Component details

22

3.1.1

Blower

22

3.1.2

K-type thermocouple

23

3.1.3

Preheater bed system

24

3.1.4

Feed fueling system

24

3.2

Design procedure

25

3.3

Making of canvas

27

Page | III

LIST OF FIGURE
Figure no. Description

Page no.

1.1

Utilization of biomass resources

1.2

Conversion

1.3

Updraft gasifier

1.4

Downdraft gasifier

1.5

Crossdraft gasifier

10

1.6

Fluidiezed bed gasifier

11

2.1

Height of Nozzle Plane above Throat for Various

16

Throat Diameters
2.2

Nozzle Area for Various Sizes of Gasifier Throat

17

2.3

Schematic Design of Downdraft Wood Gasifier

18

2.4

Schematic diagram of an Imbert downdraft biomass

19

gasifier
2.5

Experimental setup of updraft biomass gasifier

20

3.1

Blower

23

3.2

k-type thermocouple

23

3.3

Fuel feeding system

24

3.4

AEIOU summary Canvas

27

3.5

Empathy mapping Canvas

28

3.6

Ideation Canvas

29

3.7

Product development Canvas

30

Page | IV

LIST OF TABLES
Table no.

Description

1.1

State-wise/Year-wise

Page no.
List

of

Commissioned

Biomass Power/Cogeneration Projects in MW

1.2

Advantages and disadvantages of various types of

10

fixed bed gasifier

2.1

Hearth or Fire Box (DH) & Nozzle

2.2

Different

zone temperatures

15

at

different

air

21

at

different

air

21

at

different

air

21

velocities for wood chips.

2.3

Different

zone temperatures

velocities for sugar cane waste

2.4

Different

zone temperatures

velocities for coconut shells

3.1

Component details

22

Page | V

ABSTRACT

The world is facing a serious problem of energy crisis and

environmental problem. Now a day conventional energy sources in the
world is at the end condition, so this situation makes people to focus their
attention on renewable energy sources for their survival. For that purpose we
have to make fluidized bed gasifier. Which is produce a producer gas by
using agricultural waste and different biofuels. In this project we have to
design & develop a fluidized bed gasifier and take a number of experiment
by using the different biofuels and check the quality of gas, gas contain, ash
contain & calorific value and check the which fuel is best.

Page | VI

Nomenclature
A

Cross-sectional area of the reactor (0.4m inner diameter) in m2.

dp

Mean diameter particle in m.

Screw outer diameter in m.

Gravity acceleration in m.s-2.

Fillet height in m.

Complete fluidization height or expanded bed

Ls

Height in m.

Hmf

Minimum fluidization height in m.

Ht

Vverall container height in m.

Re

Reynolds number.

Tash

Ashes temperature exit in (1023 K).

TDH Critical height recovery particles in m.

Uf

Fluidization velocity during the gasification in m.s-1.

Ut

Terminal particle velocity in m.s-1.

Umf

Minimum fluidization velocity in m.s-1.

Particle porosity.

Sphericity.

Load factor.

Air viscosity to the temperature and pressure operation conditions of the gasifier
(approximately 750 C and 101,325 kPa).

particle density in kg.m-3.

equivalence ratio.

Page | VII