How Much Gas is Produced?

Introduction:
Procedures:
In the first part of the experiment- How Much Gas is Produced?, we started by determining the volume of the gas (Vgas) and this
was done by measuring the volume of the flask (Vflask) and the volume of the tube(Vtube), and adding the two minus the volume of
the liquid (Vliquid). The flask was filled with water and the water was poured into a measuring cylinder to obtain the actual volume of
the flask. We also measure the volume of the tube by measuring the height and the inner diameter which we found to be 50 cm and 0.5
cm respectively, this enables us to calculate the total volume of the tube (Vtube) using the equation *d2/4*l. Knowing the volume of
the flask (Vflask) and the volume of the tube (Vtube) allowed us to determine the total volume of the gas (i.e. Vflask+ VtubeVliquid= Vgas). After determining the volume of the gas (Vgas), we proceeded to determine the pressure of the gas that was produced
when. 0.2g of Mg(s) was weighted and added to HCl (aq) in a flask that was connected to a pressure sensor by a tube. The pressure

reading was taken before and during the reaction. The pressure reading before the reaction was 102.2 atm and during the reaction, the
pressure was 110.74 atm. The overall pressure was obtained by subtracting the two pressures (i.e. Pressure after reaction- Pressure
during reaction = P), the resulting pressure of the H2 gas was 8.54 atm. We used the data obtained to calculate the experimental value
of the gas produced n using the ideal gas equation PV=nRT .The value of n allowed us to determine the % error of gas produced.
In the second part of the lab, the above procedure was repeated using CaCO3 instead of Mg. Since CaCO3 is powder, 0.2g of it was
weighted and placed on a piece of round paper on the mouth of the flask, the stopper was then placed on it forcing it inside the flask
containing HCl. Like in the first part of the experiment, the pressure was taken before and during the reaction, the experimental value
of the CO2 was calculated using the ideal gas equation, and the % error was also calculated as shown in the results section below.
Results:
The table #1 below represents the data and calculations for the two balanced equations:
Mg ( s ) 2 HCl ( aq ) MgCl 2 ( aq ) H 2 ( g ) and CaCO3 ( s ) 2 HCl (aq ) CaCl 2 (aq ) CO2 ( g ) H 2 O(l ) . In the table #1 the following

data collected is the room temperature using a 40C thermometer, amount of solid weighed out, pressure of gas using a apparatus, and
the volumes of the flask, tube, liquid left over after the reaction occurred and the volume of gas. The calculations that are shown on the
table are the moles of the solid, theoretical yield, experimental yield and percent error. The following data from the table was used to

calculate the theoretical value using stoichiometry and experimental value using the Ideal Gas Law PV nRT . The table compared
the amount of gas produced in these two different reactions.

Table #1: Comparison of the Amount of Gas Produced in Mg+HCl and CaCO3+HCl
Reactions Observed:
Balanced Equation:
Room Temperature (K):
Moles
Amount Weighed Out:
Theoretical Yield n(theoretical):
Total Volume of Flask (Vflask) (L):
Volume of Tube (Vtube) (L):
Volume of Liquid Left After Reaction
(Vliquid)(L):
Volume of Gas (Vgas) (L):
Pressure (atm):
Experimental Yield n(experimental):
Percent Error (%):

Calculations:

Mg (s) + HCl (aq)

CaCO3 (s) + HCl (aq)

Mg(s)+2HCl(aq)MgCl2(aq)+H2(g)
288.15 K
1.06 10^ -3 mol of Mg
0.02g Mg
8.23 10^ -4 mol H2
.15L
.00981L

CaCO3(s)+2HCl(aq)CaCl2(aq)+CO2(g)+H2O(l)
295.15 K
1.03 10^ -3 mol of CaCO3
0.103g CaCO3
.00103 mol CO2
.15L
.00903L

.0048L

.009L

.155L
0.0843 atm
5.53 10^ -4 mol of H2
-33%

.150L
.1026 atm
6.35 10^ -4 mol of CO2
-38%

The calculations below will show how our group achieved the moles of the solid to not exceed the maximum desired pressure
of the flask, theoretical moles of gas, experimental moles of gas produced, percent yield and percent error for the reaction. The
calculation below will be used from the balanced equation Mg ( s ) 2 HCl (aq ) MgCl2 (aq ) H 2 ( g ) . The following information was
given to our group for the calculations P=0.2 atm, apparatus used 125mL flask and gas constant (R) = 0.0826 L.atm/mol K.
Equation used to find the moles of Mg was Ideal Gas Law PV nRT .
PV nRT
P 0.2atm
125mL
V
.125 L
1000 L
n number of moles
R 0.08206atm/mol K
T (15C 273.15 288.15K )
n

PV
RT

(0.2atm)(.125L)
(0.08206atm/mol K )(288.15 K )
.025
n
23.645589
n 1.06 10 3 moles of Mg
n

Equation to calculate the theoretical yield of gas produced in the reaction (H2) based on stoichiometry:

g of Mg weighed out
Molar Mass of Mg
0.02 g of Mg
n(theoretical )
24.305 g of Mg
n(theoretical )

n(theoretical ) 8.23 10 4 mol H 2

Equation to calculate the experimental yield of gas produced in the reaction (H2) based on the ideal gas law:
To determine the experimental yield the following data was collected:
-Total volume of flask (Vflask): .15L
-Volume of a cylinder which is the flask using the equation V 3.14( D 2 / 4)l (Vtube):
-l: is the height of the tube= .50cm
-D is the inner diameter= .5cm
.5cm 2
) .50cm
4
.25cm
V 3.14(
) .50cm
4
V 3.14 .0625 .50cm
V 9.813cm
Convert cm to L
9.813cm
Vtube .00981L
1000 L
V 3.14(

-Volume of liquid left over after the reaction (Vliquid):

4.8mL
Convert mL to L
4.8mL
.0048 L
1000 L

-Volume of gas (Vgas):

Vgas Vflask Vtube Vliquid
Vgas .15 L .00981L .0048 L
Vgas .155 L

-Pressure of gas collected during and after reaction:

-Pressure sensor reading before the chemical reaction: 101.03 kPa
-Pressure sensor reading after the chemical reaction: 109.57 kPa
P Pr essure ( after value) Pr essure (before value)
P 109.57 kPa 101.03kPa 8.54kPa
Convert kPa to atm
1kPa 101.325atm
8.54kPa
0.0843atm
101.325atm

-After those calculations are collected use the following equation to achieve the experimental yield:

PV nRT
n

PV
RT

(0.0843atm)(.155 L)
(0.08206 Latm / molK )( 288.15 K )
.0130665
n
23.645589
n 5.53 10 4 mol of H 2
n

Equation to calculate the percent error:

n(exp erimental ) n(theoretica l )
100%
n(theoretica l )
5.53 10 4 8.23 10 4
100%
8.23 10 4
2.7 10 4
33%
8.23 10 4

Discussion:
Conclusion:
Works Cited:

Bauer, Birk, Sawyer. General Chemistry I&II Lab Manual| Arizona State University CHM 113/116.
Brown, Theodore L. Chemistry the Central Science. 13th ed. New Jersey: Pearson, 2015. Print.
Cox, Dennis P and Micheal L Zientek. Porphyry Copper Deposit. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 4 Feb 2015. Web. 30 Mar. 2015