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BasicBJTAmplifierConfigurations
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BasicBJTAmplifierConfigurations
Thereareplentyoftextsaroundonbasicelectronics,sothisisaverybrieflookatthethreebasic
waysinwhichabipolarjunctiontransistor(BJT)canbeused.Ineachcase,oneterminalis
commontoboththeinputandoutputsignal.Allthecircuitsshownherearewithoutbiascircuits
andpowersuppliesforclarity.
CommonEmitterConfiguration
Heretheemitterterminaliscommontoboththeinputandoutputsignal.Thearrangementisthe
sameforaPNPtransistor.Usedinthiswaythetransistorhastheadvantagesofamediuminput
impedance,mediumoutputimpedance,highvoltagegainandhighcurrentgain.
CommonBaseConfiguration
Herethebaseisthecommonterminal.UsedfrequentlyforRFapplications,thisstagehasthe
followingproperties.Lowinputimpedance,highoutputimpedance,unity(orless)currentgain
andhighvoltagegain.
CommonCollectorConfiguration
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Thislastconfigurationisalsomorecommonlyknownastheemitterfollower.Thisisbecause
theinputsignalappliedatthebaseis"followed"quitecloselyattheemitterwithavoltagegain
closetounity.Thepropertiesareahighinputimpedance,averylowoutputimpedance,aunity
(orless)voltagegainandahighcurrentgain.Thiscircuitisalsousedextensivelyasa"buffer"
convertingimpedancesorforfeedingordrivinglongcablesorlowimpedanceloads.
TransistorConfigurationComparisonChart
(seeSedra&Smithand"DetailedAnalysis"below)
AMPLIFIERTYPE
COMMON
BASE
COMMON
EMITTER
COMMON
EMITTER
(Emitter
Resistor)
COMMON
COLLECTOR
(EmitterFollower)
INPUT/OUTPUTPHASE
RELATIONSHIP
180
180
HIGH
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
LOW
LOW
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
HIGH
VOLTAGEGAIN
CURRENTGAIN
POWERGAIN
INPUTRESISTANCE
OUTPUTRESISTANCE
LOW
HIGH
HIGH
MEDIUM
LOW
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
HIGH
HIGH
MEDIUM
MEDIUM
LOW
DetailedAnalysis
CommonorGroundedEmitterAmplifier(actualcircuitconfiguration)
CEAmplifierSmallSignalEquivalentCircuit
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Toanalyzethisconfiguration,wefirstsetdownthecompletenodal
equations:
Usingtherelationship
amorehomogeneousform:
,thenodalequationscanberewritein
Eliminatingvofromthelasttwonodalequationswefindthat
andifwesubstitutethisexpressionintothefirstnodalequationwe
findthat
Finally,substitutingthesetwoexpressionsintothesecondnodal
equationwefindthefollowingexpressionforthevoltagegain:
When
thisexpressionreducesto
When
but
itreducesto
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CommonorGroundedCollectorAmplifier(actualcircuitconfiguration)
CE("EmitterFollower")AmplifierSmallSignal
EquivalentCircuit
Againtoanalyzethisconfiguration,wefirstsetdownthe
completenodalequations:
Againusingtherelationship
,thenodalequations
canberewriteinamorehomogeneousform:
Substitutingthesecondnodalequationintothefirstwefind
thefollowingexpressionforthevoltagegain:
A"trickly"calculationisrequiredtoobtaintheoutput
impedance.Todosowefirstshutofftheinputvoltageand
thenapplytestvoltagesource,vx,totheoutputterminal.
Underthesecircumstances,thecurrentintotheoutput
terminalisgivenby:
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Therefore,therelativelylowoutputimpedanceisgivenby:
whiletherelativelyhighinputimpedanceisgivenby:
ThispagewaspreparedandismaintainedbyR.VictorJones
Commentsto:jones@deas.harvard.edu.
LastupdatedNovember7,2001
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