Topping up the refrigerant

Gas needs to be charged in a fridge system only if the system is

under charged. The safest and quickest method of adding
refrigerant to a refrigeration system is to add the refrigerant
through the charging valve as a liquid.
A refrigeration system should not be charged if there are leaks or if
there is reason to believe that there is a leak in the system. The
leaks must be found and corrected. A system should be checked for
leaks immediately following, or during the process of charging.
Freon bottle needs to be weighed before and after charging gas to
ascertain the quantity of gas charged. A charging connection is
fitted in way off the filter dryer. This allows additional refrigerant
to be introduced into the system via the dryer element.
The normal procedure is to shut the condenser liquid outlet valve.
The compressor is now sucking from the system and delivering to
the condenser where the gas liquefies and the liquid level begins to
rise in the reservoir. The Freon gas bottle is now connected via a
charging hose to the charging connection on the filter dryer, the air
from the charging hose is purged by opening the gas bottle valve
and then the hose union is tightened on the charging connection.
The liquid valve on the gas bottle is opened and the compressor
started, as the only gas entering the system is now coming from the
charging line the compressor will suck this gas and send it to the
condenser where it is liquefied, while the charging is on the
refrigerant liquid level in the condenser is monitored, the charging
is stopped when normal level in the condenser is achieved. The
charging connectionz valve is now closed, the gas bottle outlet
valve is closed the charging hose is removed and the condenser
liquid line outlet valve is opened and compressor started.

Topping up of Oil in Compressor

In a fridge compressor oil and gas exist together in the compressor
crank case, even when the compressor is cut off or stopped there
exist a positive pressure in the compressor crank case. Hence the
oil top up in a fridge compressor is done with a hand pump.
Compressor crank case has an oil charging valve, an oil charging
hand pump is connected to this charging valve, air is purged from
the hand pump discharge hose and the union is tightened on the
charging valve, by using the hand pump oil is pumped from a clean
container to the crank case, oil level is observed in the gauge glass
as the pumping is carried out, pumping is stopped when gauge
shows about half full. Charging valve is closed and the pump is
removed.
Purging of air from Fridge system
Air can enter fridge system while charging of refrigerant, charging
of oil, when compressor and other parts are opened for
maintenance or air can also enter if the suction pressure at
compressor goes below the atmospheric pressure.
Air in the fridge system will manifest itself by increase in
discharge pressure as air does not condense in the condenser; the
cooling capacity of the system is also reduced. For removing the
air from the fridge system the condenser liquid line discharge valve
is closed, the sea water cooling of condenser is kept on and the
compressor is run, all the cold rooms solenoid valves are actuated,
now all the gas from the system gets collected in the condenser, the
compressor runs until it cuts off on low suction pressure. The
collected gas is allowed to settle for a while in the condenser and it
all liquefies. The purge valve on the top of the condenser shell is
now opened slightly to purge the air from the condenser. Purging is
stopped when one feels that the refrigerant gas is also now
escaping, this will become evident if the escaping gas starts
cooling.