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1.

Marke:
Connecting an inductor in series with a capacitor creates a series tuned circuit
.
It important to ensure that the series resonant circuit does not resonate at the
line frequency or harmonics of it.
Using a 7% reactor ensures that the resonant frequency is well away from supply
harmonics.
The use of detuning reactors reduces the harmonic currents flowing into the capa
citors if the supply voltage is disorted.
Detuning reactors do not improve the haromincs in the connected load.
Detuning reactors are strongly recommended in environments where there are high
harmonic currents.
The issue is that the capacitor appears as a very low impedance to the higher fr
equencies and therefore carries a higher current if there are harmonic voltages
present. The impedance of the capacitor reduces with the inverse of the frequenc
y, so the higher the harmonic, the lower the impedance and the higher the harmon
ic current through the capacitor.
For example if we have a capacitor that carries 10 Amps at 230V 50 Hz, and we ha
ve 2.3 volts at 500Hz (1%), then the current due to the 500Hz will be 1 Amp (10%
).
The detuning reactors are put in series to ensure that the total impedance does
not fall for increasing frequencies and therefore reduces the harmonic current t
hat flows through the capacitors.
When you have a series reactor capacitor circuit, you have a resonant circuit. I
t is important that the reactors match the capacitors. These are specially sized
to ensure that the series resonant circuit is well away from any likely harmoni
c frequencies.
Because of the resonance, transients will cause ringing voltages in the capacito
rs and these can be well above the supply voltage. It is recommended that the ca
pacitors should be capable of withstanding 525 volts for an average supply or ev
en higher for a bad supply.
When the KVAR rating for a capacitor is given, it is given at a particular volta
ge and frequency. This is because the current through the capacitor changes with
voltage and frequency. The KVAR for a fixed frequency, increases with the squar
e of the voltage.
Many manufacturers of power factor correction capacitors manufacture a range of
capacitors for use with detuing reactors. These capacitors are designed for the
higher voltage, but are given KVAR ratings at the nominal supply voltages.
2.http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=260861
Jghrist:
The LC series resonant frequency causes a low impedance path to current at that
frequency. You want the LC resonant frequency to coincide with a harmonic sourc
e frequency to provide a path for harmonic currents other than through the utili
ty system. This is the purpose of the filter.
You need to worry about a high impedance of the filter in parallel with the util
ity system. There will be a parallel resonant point with the system at a freque
ncy somewhat below the tuning frequency of the filter. You need to make sure th
at this resonant point does not coincide with a large harmonic current source.
Currents at the parallel resonant point can cause a high harmonic voltage.
rcwilson:

Also check for parallel resonance of the system with the capacitor.
h= Square root (MVAsc / MVARcap)
h is the harmonic order for the parallel resonance of your caps and your system
.
MVAsc is the short circuit MVA at the bus where the caps are connected and MVARc
ap is the capacitor MVAR rating at the operating voltage. If h is near a frequen
cy that might be present in your system, you could have a problem.
By reducing the capacitors, you are raising the harmonic frequency. If it happe
ns to land on the 11th harmonic and you have some VFD's producing 11th harmonic
currents, you need to investigate further.
jghrist:
After re-reading the OP, I see that the device is not a tuned filter, but a detu
ned capacitor. In that case, the purpose of the reactor is to avoid harmonic fr
equencies that are present, thereby preventing excessive currents in the capacit
or. You still have to worry about parallel resonance with the system as pointed
out by rcwilson.
3.http://cr4.globalspec.com/thread/42123/Reactors-in-Power-Factor-Corrector
V. Ambarani:
1)Please note that detuned reactors are used in series with powerfactor improvem
ent capacitors to shift the first characterstic harmonic frequency (5th) If ther
e is no reactor connected to Pf capacitor then parallel resonance (Very high cur
rent flow)may occur at the first harmonic frequency ie 5Th harmonics(250hz).inor
der to prevent occurence of this parallel resonance at 5Th harmonics, the detune
d reactor is used.with capacitor bank.This will shift the parallel resonance fre
quency away from 5th Harmonic frequency.Hence it is called detuned filter.As suc
h your assumption that detuned filters are used when THD is more than 20% is not
valid one.
2)The lowest harmonics frequency is 5Th in power system.Hence detuned reactors a
re always tuned well below this 5th harmonic frequency
3).The capacitor and detuned reactor are tuned to 189Hz ie with 7% detuning and
with 14% detuning reactor,the system is tuned to frequency of 133Hz.With these r
eactors it is seen that filters are detuned well below 5th Harmonicie 250Hz.
4)As it is detuned filter, the harmonic filtering efficiency will only be 30-50%
.If more filtering is needed then 7% detune filter is used as it is nearer(189Hz
) to 5Th Harmonics tuned one (250Hz).In this case filtering will be more effecti
ve.If we choose14% detuning, (133HZ)then filtering effect will not be much compa
red to 7%detuning filter.
However considering filtering efficiency required , current limiting during swit
ching and economic consideration weighs to go 7% or 14%
4. http://cr4.globalspec.com/thread/68651/Capacitor-Bank-Voltage
electricalexpert65:
7% de-tuned filter is used for filtering 5th and above and NOT 3rd.
For filtering 3rd harmonics onwards you need 14% filter.
There is a reactance in series with capacitor. Normally it's capacity is 6% of c
apacitor MVAR,. Due to this L-C series combination, voltage develop across capac

itor is 6%( actually it depend on the rector value.) higher than the supply volt
age.As voltage develop across inductor and capacitor is of opposite sign.Hence t
he 440V of a capacitor is a operating voltage for 400V system.

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