ECE 476 Power System Analysis Fall 2014

Homework 6

Reading: Chapter 6 of textbook

Problem 1. Compute the elements of the third row of Ybus for the power system in Example 6.9 of textbook.
Solution. We find each entry in the third row of the admittance matrix as follows:
Y31 = Y32 = Y35 = 0.
1
1
= 7.458 + j99.44 p.u.
=
R34 + jX34
0.00075 + j0.01
1
0
1
B0
+ j = 7.458 j99.44 p.u.
Y33 =
+ j 34 =
R34 + jX34
2
0.00075 + j0.01
2
So the third row of the admittance matrix is


Y3 = 0 0 7.458 j99.44 7.458 + j99.44 0 .
Y34 =

Problem 2. Given the impedance diagram of a simple system as shown in Figure 1, draw the admittance diagram
for the system and develop the 4 x 4 bus admittance matrix Ybus by inspection.

Figure 1: System diagram for problem 2.

Solution. The admittance diagram is shown in Figure
The structure of the admittance matrix is given as

Y11
Y21
Ybus =
Y31
Y41

2.
Y12
Y22
Y32
Y42
1

Y13
Y23
Y33
Y43

Y14
Y24
,
Y34
Y44

Figure 2: Admittance diagram for Problem 2

where the components are found as follows

Y11 = y10 + y12 + y13
Y23 = y13 + y23 + y34
Y12 = Y21 =
y12

Y22 = y20 + y12 + y23

Y44 = y34
Y13 = Y31 =
y13

Y23 = Y32 =
y23

Y34 = Y43 =
y34 .

Plugging in the values from the admittance diagram, the admittance matrix becomes

8.5
2.5
5.0
0
2.5 8.75
5.0
0
S.
Ybus = j
5.0
5.0
22.5 12.5
0
0
12.5 12.5
Problem 3. A load L consuming 1 p.u. of active power and 0.5 p.u. of reactive power is connected to a generator
G1 through a short transmission line with Z 0 = 0.02 + j0.06 p.u. Also, there is a capacitor connected to the load
bus with admittance Ycap = j0.25 p.u. The generator voltage is voltage VG1 = 10.
Solution
a) The one line diagram is shown in Figure 3.

1<0

Bus 1

Bus 2
j0.25

G1

Figure 3: One Line Diagram

b) The admittance matrix can be found by inspection as


5 j15
Y =
5 + j15


5 + j15
.
5 j14.57

S = 1+j0.5

c) The power flow equations can now be written for each bus.
Bus 1:
P1 = V12 G11 + V1 V2 [G12 cos(1 2 ) + B12 sin(1 2 )] = 5 + V2 [5 cos(2 ) 15 sin(2 )]
Q1 = V12 B11 + V1 V2 [G12 sin(1 2 ) B12 cos(1 2 )] = 15 + V2 [5 sin(2 ) 15 cos(2 )]
Bus 2:
P2 = V22 G22 + V2 V1 [G21 cos(2 1 ) + B21 sin(2 1 )] = 5V22 + V2 [5 cos(2 ) + 15 sin(2 )] = 1
Q2 = V22 B22 + V2 V1 [G21 sin(2 1 ) B21 cos(2 1 )] = 14.75V22 + V2 [5 sin(2 ) 15 cos(2 )] = 0.5
Problem 4. Use PowerWorld Simulator to modify the Example 6.9 in textbook by inserting a second line between
bus 2 and bus 5. Give the new line a circuit identifier of 2 to distinguish it from the existing line. The line parameters
of the added line should be identical to those of the existing line 2-5. Determine/explain the new lines effect on V2 ,
the line loadings, and on the total real power losses. Please print a copy of your modified PowerWorld schematic and
turn it in.
Solution The results of adding a new line between bus 2 and bus 5 are given in Table 1.
Table 1: Effects of Line Addition
Bus Voltage V2 [p.u.]
Total real power losses [MW]
Branch b/w bus 1-5 (% loading)
Branch b/w bus 2-4 (% loading)
Branch b/w bus 2-5 (% loading)
Branch b/w bus 3-4 (% loading)
Branch b/w bus 4-5 (% loading)

Before Addition of Line

0.834
34.8
68.5
27.3
49.0
53.1
18.8

After Addition of Line

0.953
18.3
63.1
17.5
25.4 (both lines)
45.7
22.1