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8
ASME B31.1 (2008)
Power piping: typically found in electric power
generating stations, in heating and cooling
systems
Exclusions:
wellhead assemblies
Allowable stress:
Allowable stress:
Allowable stress:
E = quality factor
t = wall thickness
pipe under internal pressure where I for intrados is: pipe under internal pressure where I for intrados is: Hot bends are to be designed and manufactured
according ASME B16.49, the internal pressure
rating shall not be less than that which is calculated
for straight seamless pipe and the intrados wall
thickness should be:
Elbows manufactured according standards listed in Elbows manufactured according standards listed in No specific design rules are listed for fabricated
Table 126.1 are suitable for use at the pressureTable 326.1 are suitable for use at the pressureelbows
temperature ratings specified by such standards.
temperature ratings specified by such standards.
(Does this mean or allow that an elbow can be
Elbows not according above standards or for which Elbows not according above standards or for which calculated according a bend with uniform thickness?
design formulas and not given in the code shall be design formulas and not given in the code shall be Refer B31.3)
based on calculations consistent with the design
based on calculations consistent with the design
criteria of this code. These calculations shall be
criteria of this code. These calculations shall be
substantiated by one or more of the means stated substantiated by one or more of the means stated
in A B C or D of 104.7.2 (Does this mean or allow in A B C or D of 304.7.2, or the elbow can be
that an elbow can be calculated according a bend calculated according the Bend calculation, refer
with uniform thickness? Refer B31.3)
304.2.2.
Miter bends under internal pressure (104.3.3):
or
3. If hoop stress < 10% SMYS the total deflection
angle shall not exceed 90 deg.
and
and thickness is not less than required for straight
pipe
may be designed according closures as per ASME designed the according design philosophy of this
VIII div.1
code substantiated by one of:
- engineering calculations
- experimental analysis
- experimental analysis
- proof test
- proof test
- experimental analysis
- proof test
with
A is additional thickness for
corrosion and tolerances, tmh from straight pipe
calculation (104.1.2)
reinforcement by header
with
Assessment:
branch excess
Assessment:
tr is reinforcement pad thickness
weld area
If
then assess
K = 1.0 when
K = 1.0 when
K=
when
K=
when
reinforcement by header
K = 0.7 when
K = 0.7 when
reinforcement by
reinforcement by header
reinforcement by branch with
header
reinforcement by branch
with
Assessment:
excess branch area
Assessment:
Assessment:
If
then assess
If
then assess
reinforcement by
reinforcement by header
header, with
reinforcement by branch with
Assessment:
with
with
= thickness pad or height of 60 deg angle fitting with
with in reinforcement material
= thickness pad or a height of 0
= area provided by deposited weld metal
= area provided by deposited weld metal and
excess weldolet area in reinforcement
attached reinforcement
zone
Assessment:
Assessment:
Area A2, A3 and A4 to be multiplied by the ratio of
Area A2,A3, A4 and A5 to be multiplied by the ratio allowable working stress, maximum multiplication
of allowable working stress, maximum
factor is 1.0 (para. 304.3.3(f3))
multiplication factor is 1.0 (para. 104.3.1(D.2.3))
Cap under internal pressure (104.4.1(B)):
L = radius dish
L = radius dish
r = radius knuckle
L = radius dish
r = radius knuckle
r = radius knuckle
or
or
or
Flat closure under internal pressure
(104.4.1(b)):
Allowed to use:
= product SE
= product SEW
= sum of allowances
= internal design gauge pressure
= product SE
= sum of allowances
= sum of allowances
= sum of allowances
= inside diameter of gasket
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